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Nommo, the amphibious twins of Amma's creation

Nommo is god of West African (Dogon) tradition.

Amphibious twin beings, bringers of water and language.

GodWest Africa

Table of Contents

Nommo, god of West African (Dogon) tradition
Nommo

The Nommo are amphibious primordial beings of Dogon cosmology in Mali, created by Amma from water and light. They complete creation and bring water, language and order; their veneration remains a living practice among the Dogon today.

At a glance: Nommo

Type: creation beings of the Dogon
Origin: Bandiagara Escarpment, Mali
Texts: ethnographic from 1930, above all Griaule
Period: living to this day
Appearance: amphibious, half human, half fish, androgynous

Source context

Period of the Texts

Documented ethnographically since the 1930s by Marcel Griaule.

Area of Diffusion

Bandiagara Escarpment, Mali, the Dogon heartland.

Sources

Rich but disputed: Griaule’s field method is regarded as suggestive.

Name and variants

Dogon: Nommo denotes the water twins created by Amma; the seventh Nommo is regarded as Lord of Speech.

Appearance and effect

Appearance

Amphibious, half human, half fish, androgynous; water is considered the basic substance of life and speech.

Effect

The Nommo complete creation, bringing rain, language and order, benevolent beings, not threatening.

Profile: Nommo

The key aspects of the water twins at a glance.

Cultural Context

Central creation being of the Dogon, bringer of culture and order.

Responsible for

Water, language, weaving, cosmic order.

Depiction

Amphibious twins, half human, half fish, androgynous.

Function

Complete creation, bring rain, language, technology.

Cult

Sigui festival roughly every 60 years, altars, mask rituals.

Related

Close to Mami Wata, Yemoja and Oshun, yet distinct as a Dogon being.

Amma, the sacrificed twin and the Sirius debate

According to Ogotemmêli’s account in Griaule’s Dieu d’eau, Amma created the Nommo from water and light. A disruption led to the sacrifice of one Nommo, from whose body parts the world arose; revived, he brought humans knowledge, the seventh being Lord of Speech. Griaule’s Sirius-B thesis is not accepted as established.

From ethnography to the Sirius controversy

The Nommo are popularly known through Sirius-mystery literature and ancient-astronaut theories, while also being the subject of a methodologically critical debate about Griaule’s ethnography: creation and culture-hero beings with the symbolism of word, water and order.

Sigui festival and mask rites

Central are the Sigui festival, held roughly every 60 years, altars and mask rituals such as the Dama funeral rites; their purpose is veneration, not warding off. Signs used include Holy Water, Amulet, Smudging.

Water beings of West Africa compared

Mami Wata, Yemoja and Oshun are named; also close are the Mesopotamian Oannes, the Indian Sarasvati and the Vodou lwa Damballa and Simbi.

Frequently asked questions about the Nommo

Did the Dogon know about Sirius B?

Disputed: a claim from Griaule’s reports, later research found no confirmation.

Are the Nommo evil water monsters?

No, they are revered beings of creation and order.

Further links

Literature (selection)

Sources:
  • Griaule, Marcel: Dieu d’eau. Paris 1948.

Further standard works in the bibliography.

Anyone searching online for Nommo Dogon legends or water spirits Mali means the same figures: the amphibious twins whom Amma created from water and light to bring water, language and order.

Classification & Protection

ILEVEL
The Protection Compass assigns this being to influence level I, Minor influence.

Against its influence, cross-cultural tradition names these protective means:

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