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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df1a168 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"df1a168\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u5c11\u6578\u540c\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u6587\u737b\u63d0\u53ca\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f86\u81ea\u5370\u5ea6\u6216\u9114\u4ed7\u90a3\uff08Oddiyana\uff09\u5730\u5340\u7684\u5bc6\u7e8c\u4e0a\u5e2b\uff0c\u65bc\u8d64\u677e\u5fb7\u8d0a\u738b\uff08Trisong Detsen\uff0c\u7d04\u516c\u5143755\u5e74\u81f3797\u5e74\u5728\u4f4d\uff09\u6642\u671f\u53d7\u9080\u5165\u85cf\u3002<\/p><p>\u76ee\u524d\u7814\u7a76\u591a\u5c07\u9114\u4ed7\u90a3\u8a8d\u5b9a\u70ba\u4eca\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5883\u5167\u7684\u65af\u74e6\u7279\u6cb3\u8c37\uff08Swat-Tal\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u5370\u5ea6\u6771\u90e8\u7684\u5967\u91cc\u85a9\uff08Odisha\uff09\u3002\u570b\u738b\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4f4d\u5bc6\u7e8c\u4fee\u884c\u8005\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5370\u5ea6\u50e7\u9662\u5b78\u8005\u5bc2\u8b77\uff08Shantarakshita\uff09\u5728\u8208\u5efa\u897f\u85cf\u7b2c\u4e00\u5ea7\u5bfa\u9662\u6851\u8036\u5bfa\uff08Samye\uff09\u6642\uff0c\u906d\u5230\u7576\u5730\u795e\u9748\u7684\u963b\u6493\u3002<\/p><p>\u76f8\u50b3\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u964d\u670d\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u795e\u9748\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5176\u7d0d\u5165\u4f5b\u6559\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u8b77\u6cd5\u795e\u3002\u6851\u8036\u5bfa\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u5e74\u4ee3\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0a\u5b9a\u70ba779\u5e74\u3002\u5927\u885b\u00b7\u65af\u5167\u723e\u683c\u7f85\u592b\uff08David 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data-tooltip=\"\u85dd\u8853\u6216\u6558\u4e8b\u4e2d\u53cd\u8986\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u5143\u7d20\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u6bcd\u984c<\/span>\u53ef\u89e3\u8b80\u70ba\u5bc6\u7e8c\u8056\u50b3\u6587\u5b78\u4e2d\u7684\u5178\u578b\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5c07\u5c0e\u5e2b\u300c\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u300d\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u7f6e\u65bc\u50b3\u8a18\u771f\u5be6\u6027\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2be71c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a2be71c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b10303 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5b10303\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u516b\u7a2e\u5316\u73fe<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6317e37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6317e37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u50b3\u7d71\u4e2d\u5217\u6709\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u7684\u516b\u7a2e\u4e3b\u8981\u5316\u73fe\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u9ad4\u73fe\u4ed6\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u4eba\u751f\u968e\u6bb5\u6216\u89ba\u609f\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u4f5c\u70ba\u3002<\/p><p>\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u84ee\u82b1\u738b\u4e0a\u5e2b\uff08Guru Padma Gyalpo\uff0c\u738b\u8005\u4e4b\u76f8\uff09\u3001\u5177\u6167\u4e0a\u5e2b\uff08Guru Loden Chokse\uff0c\u5168\u77e5\u8005\uff09\u3001\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u4e0a\u5e2b\uff08Guru Pema Jungne\uff0c\u84ee\u82b1\u6240\u751f\u8005\uff09\u3001\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\uff08Guru Padmasambhava\uff0c\u5bc2\u975c\u5316\u73fe\uff09\u3001\u91cb\u8fe6\u7345\u5b50\u4e0a\u5e2b\uff08Guru Shakya Senge\uff0c\u50e7\u4fb6\u4e4b\u76f8\uff09\u3001\u7345\u5b50\u543c\u4e0a\u5e2b\uff08Guru Senge Dradok\uff0c\u8207\u7570\u7aef\u8faf\u8ad6\u7684\u96f7\u7345\uff09\u3001\u65e5\u5149\u4e0a\u5e2b\uff08Guru Nyima Ozer\uff0c\u65bc\u5893\u5730\u4fee\u884c\u7684\u745c\u4f3d\u58eb\uff09\u3001\u91d1\u525b\u5fff\u6012\u4e0a\u5e2b\uff08Guru Dorje Drol\u00f6\uff0c\u4e58\u98db\u864e\u7684\u5fff\u6012\u5316\u73fe\uff09\u3002<\/p><p>\u9019\u516b\u7a2e\u5316\u73fe\u69cb\u6210\u4e00\u5957\u7cfb\u7d71\u5316\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u67d0\u5b97\u6559\u88ab\u627f\u8a8d\u5177\u6b0a\u5a01\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u8056\u5178\u5f59\u7de8\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5178\u7bc4<\/span>\uff0c\u5c07\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u751f\u5e73\u7684\u795e\u8a71\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u52a0\u4ee5\u6574\u7406\u6b78\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-708cb59 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"708cb59\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b7d36b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5b7d36b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u4e94\u4f4d\u7a7a\u884c\u6bcd<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2616577 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2616577\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u50b3\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e94\u4f4d\u300c\u667a\u6167\u7a7a\u884c\u6bcd\u300d\uff08yum\uff09\u626e\u6f14\u8457\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u662f\u76ca\u897f\u63aa\u5609\uff08Yeshe Tsogyal\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u5f1f\u5b50\u53ca\u4f34\u4fb6\u7684\u85cf\u65cf\u738b\u540e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u4e3b\u66fc\u9054\u62c9\u5a03\uff08Mandarava\uff09\u3002\u76ca\u897f\u63aa\u5609\u662f\u773e\u591a\u5f8c\u4f86\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u4f0f\u85cf\u6587\u672c\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u6216\u7de8\u7e82\u8005\u3002<\/p><p>\u5979\u7684\u50b3\u8a18\u300a\u84ee\u82b1\u6240\u751f\u4e4b\u5973\u5c0a\u300b\uff08Lady of the Lotus-Born\uff09\u76f4\u523017\u4e16\u7d00\u624d\u4ee5\u4eca\u65e5\u6240\u77e5\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u88ab\u5beb\u5b9a\u3002\u5b78\u754c\u4ecd\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u5979\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6b77\u53f2\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5b97\u6559\u5316\u7684\u64ec\u4eba\u5f62\u8c61\u3002<\/p><p>\u73cd\u59ae\u7279\u00b7\u8cc8\u7d22\uff08Janet Gyatso\uff09\u5728\u300a\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u5973\u6027\u300b\uff08Women in 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Yoga\uff0c\u5587\u561b\u745c\u4f3d\uff09\uff0c\u4fee\u884c\u8005\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u89c0\u60f3\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u70ba\u4e00\u5207\u4f5b\u3001\u83e9\u85a9\u8207\u4e0a\u5e2b\u7684\u5316\u8eab\u3002\u4e03\u5b57\u6839\u672c\u5492\u300c\u55e1\u963f\u543d \u73ed\u96dc \u5495\u5695 \u8c9d\u746a \u6089\u5730\u543d\u300d\uff08om ah hum vajra guru padma siddhi hum\uff09\u5728\u6574\u500b\u5be7\u746a\u6d3e\u4fee\u884c\u4e2d\u5ee3\u70ba\u6d41\u50b3\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u897f\u85cf\u975e\u5be7\u746a\u6d3e\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5b97\u6d3e\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5341\u5206\u666e\u53ca\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38cfb39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"38cfb39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ada09d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7ada09d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u5728\u6df1\u53d7\u85cf\u50b3\u6587\u5316\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u4e0d\u4e39\u3001\u932b\u91d1\u3001\u62c9\u9054\u514b\u4ee5\u53ca\u8499\u53e4\u9ad8\u539f\u5730\u5340\u540c\u6a23\u53d7\u5230\u5d07\u656c\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u4e39\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4f4d\u65bc\u5e15\u7f85\u8c37\uff08Paro\uff09\u9661\u5ced\u5c71\u5761\u4e0a\u7684\u5854\u514b\u6851\u5bfa\uff08Taktsang\uff0c\u300c\u864e\u7a74\u5bfa\u300d\uff09\u4f9d\u50b3\u7d71\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4ed6\u66fe\u9a0e\u4e58\u4e00\u96bb\u6bcd\u864e\u5728\u6b64\u4fee\u884c\u79aa\u5b9a\u4e4b\u8655\u3002<\/p><p>\u4ed6\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7b2c\u516b\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u6700\u7d42\u9032\u5165\u300c\u9285\u8272\u5c71\u300d\uff08Zangdok Palri\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u5730\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u8207\u963f\u5f4c\u9640\u4f5b\uff08Amitabha\uff09\u7684\u6975\u6a02\u6de8\u571f\uff08Sukhavati\uff09\u4e26\u5b58\u7684\u6e05\u6de8\u524e\u571f\uff0c\u4e26\u88ab\u4fee\u884c\u8005\u8996\u70ba\u6b7b\u5f8c\u5f80\u751f\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-150951a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"150951a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb7dc95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bb7dc95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u5b97\u6559\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d8b2c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2d8b2c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u95dc\u65bc\u6d41\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u81f3\u4e00\u4f4d\u771f\u5be6\u6b77\u53f2\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u81f3\u4eca\u7121\u6cd5\u5fb9\u5e95\u89e3\u7b54\u3002\u7f85\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u6885\u723e\uff08Robert Mayer\uff09\u8207\u51f1\u897f\u00b7\u574e\u7279\u5a01\u723e\uff08Cathy Cantwell\uff09\u5728\u591a\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff08\u300aThe Padmasambhava Cycle\u300b\uff0c\u725b\u6d25\uff0c2013\u5e74\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u50b3\u64ad\u8207\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u52d5\u76ea\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6b0a\u8870\u5f31\u7684\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u53cd\u800c\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4f5c\u70ba\u8d85\u8d8a\u5730\u57df\u3001\u8de8\u8d8a\u738b\u671d\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u897f\u85cf\u5b88\u8b77\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u80fd\u5920\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u7a2e\u8d85\u8d8a\u738b\u671d\u9ad4\u5236\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u8a8d\u540c\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u90e8\u5206\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\uff0c\u70ba\u4f55\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u50b3\u7d71\u6070\u6070\u5728\u96c5\u9686\uff08Yarlung\uff09\u738b\u671d\u65bc9\u4e16\u7d00\u5d29\u89e3\u5f8c\u7684\u300c\u9ed1\u6697\u4e16\u7d00\u300d\u4e2d\uff0c\u7372\u5f97\u5982\u6b64\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u64f4\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fba3c9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4fba3c9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca67a71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ca67a71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\u8207\u5ef6\u4f38\u95b1\u8b80<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfcc19c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dfcc19c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u737b\uff1a\u300a\u84ee\u82b1\u907a\u6559\u300b\uff08Padma Thang Yig\uff0c\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u50b3\uff09\uff0c\u76f8\u50b3\u70ba\u5967\u91d1\u6797\u5df4\uff08Orgyen Lingpa\uff09\u6240\u7de8\uff1b\u300a\u84ee\u82b1\u6559\u8aa1\u300b\uff08Pema Kathang\uff09\uff1b\u300a\u4e2d\u9670\u5f97\u6e21\u7d93\u300b\uff08Bardo Th\u00f6dol\uff0c\u300a\u897f\u85cf\u5ea6\u4ea1\u7d93\u300b\uff0c\u5176\u8dcb\u6587\u6b78\u65bc\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\uff09\uff1b\u300a\u91d1\u525b\u6a5b\u7e8c\u300b\uff08Vajrakilaya Tantra\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u6b21\u6587\u737b\uff1a\u5927\u885b\u00b7\u65af\u5167\u723e\u683c\u7f85\u592b\uff08David Snellgrove\uff09\u8207\u4f11\u00b7\u7406\u67e5\u68ee\uff08Hugh Richardson\uff09\u5408\u8457\uff0c\u300aA Cultural History of Tibet\u300b\uff0c\u502b\u6566\uff0c1968\u5e74\uff1b\u5927\u885b\u00b7\u65af\u5167\u723e\u683c\u7f85\u592b\uff0c\u300aIndo-Tibetan Buddhism\u300b\uff0c\u502b\u6566\uff0c1987\u5e74\uff1b\u73cd\u59ae\u7279\u00b7\u5609\u63aa\uff08Janet Gyatso\uff09\uff0c\u300aApparitions of the Self\u300b\uff0c\u666e\u6797\u65af\u9813\uff0c1998\u5e74\uff1b\u51f1\u897f\u00b7\u574e\u7279\u5a01\u723e\u8207\u7f85\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u6885\u723e\u5408\u8457\uff0c\u300aThe Padmasambhava Cycle\u300b\uff0c\u725b\u6d25\uff0c2013\u5e74\uff1b\u7f85\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u5df4\u65af\u97cb\u723e\uff08Robert Buswell\uff09\u8207\u5510\u7d0d\u5fb7\u00b7\u6d1b\u4f69\u8332\uff08Donald Lopez\uff09\u5408\u8457\uff0c\u300aPrinceton Dictionary of Buddhism\u300b\uff0c\u666e\u6797\u65af\u9813\uff0c2014\u5e74\uff1b\u514b\u52de\u65af-\u7d04\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u8afe\u8328\uff08Klaus-Josef Notz\uff09\uff0c\u300aBuddhismus\u300b\uff0c\u65af\u5716\u52a0\u7279\uff0c2002\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000<\/div><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f489c6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6f489c6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50de9c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"50de9c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u6851\u8036\u5bfa\uff08Samye\uff09\u8207\u300c\u4e09\u73cd\u5bf6\u300d<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a016ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a016ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u6851\u8036\u5bfa\uff08Samye\uff09\uff0c\u4f4d\u65bc\u62c9\u85a9\u6771\u5357\u7d0450\u516c\u91cc\u8655\uff0c\u662f\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5ea7\u5bfa\u9662\uff0c\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0a\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u3001\u5bc2\u8b77\uff08Shantarakshita\uff09\u8207\u8d64\u677e\u5fb7\u8d0a\uff08Trisong Detsen\uff09\u4e09\u4eba\u5171\u540c\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/p><p>\u9019\u4e09\u4eba\u7d44\u5408\uff08\u300c\u4e09\u73cd\u5bf6\u300d\uff0cston pa gsum\uff09\u5728\u85cf\u65cf\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u8a18\u61b6\u4e2d\u5177\u6709<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5c6c\u65bc\u67d0\u4e00\u5b97\u6559\u6240\u516c\u8a8d\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u7d93\u5178\u6587\u737b\u7bc4\u7587\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u6b63\u5178<\/span>\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u5bc6\u7e8c<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u8a66\u5716\u4ee5\u7279\u6b8a\u884c\u70ba\u6216\u5492\u8a9e\u4ecb\u5165\u4e8b\u7269\u904b\u884c\u7684\u4f5c\u6cd5\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u6cd5\u8853<\/span>\uff08\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\uff09\u3001\u5bfa\u9662\u6212\u5f8b\uff08\u5bc2\u8b77\uff09\u8207\u738b\u6b0a\uff08\u8d64\u677e\u5fb7\u8d0a\uff09\u4e09\u8005\u7684\u7d50\u5408\u3002<\/p><p>\u6851\u8036\u5bfa\u4eff\u7167\u5370\u5ea6\u6b50\u4e39\u5854\u666e\u91cc\u5bfa\uff08Odantapuri\uff09\u7684\u6a23\u5f0f\u8a2d\u8a08\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u5e73\u9762\u5e03\u5c40\u69cb\u6210\u4e00\u500b<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4e00\u7a2e\u5713\u5f62\u5716\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u8207\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u7528\u4ee5\u63cf\u7e6a\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u6a23\u8c8c\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u66fc\u9640\u7f85<\/span>\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u70ba\u8c61\u5fb5\u9808\u5f4c\u5c71\u7684\u4e3b<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5c08\u9580\u7528\u65bc\u656c\u62dc\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u6bbf<\/span>\uff0c\u56db\u65b9\u5404\u8a2d\u4e00\u5ea7\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5b\u5802\uff0c\u5916\u570d\u570d\u7246\u74b0\u7e5e108\u5ea7\u4f5b\u5854\u3002<\/p><p>\u6851\u8036\u5bfa\u6b77\u7d93\u591a\u6b21\u640d\u6bc0\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u662f\u57281959\u5e74\u7684\u52d5\u4e82\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b64\u5f8c\u53c8\u591a\u6b21\u4fee\u5fa9\u3002\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300c\u6851\u8036\u8ad6\u722d\u300d\uff08792\u5e74\u81f3794\u5e74\uff09\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u5f0f\u8207\u6f22\u5730\u5f0f\u4f5b\u6559\u4e4b\u9593\u4f5c\u51fa\u88c1\u6c7a\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u9078\u64c7\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u6c7a\u5b9a\u78ba\u7acb\u4e86\u897f\u85cf\u4f5b\u6559\u9577\u671f\u4ee5\u5370\u5ea6\u5bc6\u7e8c\u50b3\u7d71\u70ba\u4e3b\u8ef8\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8734ab e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e8734ab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb26340 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fb26340\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u50b3\u627f\u6cd5\u8108<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fd23e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6fd23e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u7684\u6559\u6cd5\u50b3\u627f\uff08man ngag\uff09\u5927\u81f4\u5206\u70ba\u4e09\u5927\u652f\u6d3e\u3002\u300c\u9577\u50b3\u627f\u300d\uff08ring brgyud\uff09\u662f\u81ea\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u7d93\u7531\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5f1f\u5b50\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u4e0d\u9593\u65b7\u7684\u53e3\u50b3\u4e00\u76f4\u5ef6\u7e8c\u81f3\u4eca\u3002\u300c\u77ed\u50b3\u627f\u300d\uff08nye brgyud\uff09\u5247\u662f\u900f\u904e\u4f0f\u85cf\u5e2b\uff08tert\u00f6n\uff0c\u53d6\u85cf\u8005\uff09\u5728\u5e7b\u5883\u4e2d\u8207\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u89f8\u800c\u53d6\u5f97\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u7e2e\u77ed\u4e86\u50b3\u627f\u7684\u8def\u5f91\u3002<\/p><p>\u300c\u6de8\u76f8\u50b3\u627f\u300d\uff08dag snang brgyud\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e2b\u5247\u56e0\u6e05\u6de8\u7684\u89c0\u898b\u800c\u7372\u5f97\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u6307\u793a\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u4e09\u5206\u7d50\u69cb\u662f\u85cf\u65cf\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c07\u5e7b\u5883\u3001\u4f0f\u85cf\u767c\u73fe\u8207\u53e3\u50b3\u4e09\u8005\u6574\u5408\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u5676\u8209\u6d3e\uff08Karma Kagy\u00fc\uff09\u3001\u85a9\u8fe6\u6d3e\uff08Sakya\uff09\u3001\u683c\u9b6f\u6d3e\uff08Gelug\uff09\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5be7\u746a\u6d3e\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u4fdd\u6709\u5176\u7368\u7279\u7684\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u50b3\u627f\u6cd5\u8108\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd8cb80 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fd8cb80\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f063a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f063a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u4e8c\u5341\u4f4d\u5927\u6210\u5c31\u8005<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df6733e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"df6733e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u50b3\u8aaa\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u66fe\u662f\u4e8c\u5341\u4f4d\u300c\u5927\u6210\u5c31\u8005\u300d\uff08Mahasiddha\uff0c\u5373\u4fee\u884c\u9054\u5230\u6975\u9ad8\u8b49\u91cf\u7684\u5bc6\u7e8c\u745c\u4f3d\u58eb\uff09\u7684\u4e0a\u5e2b\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u7269\u901a\u5e38\u5206\u70ba\u5169\u7d44\uff0c\u300c\u5916\u90e8\u300d\uff08\u5728\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u5f1f\u5b50\uff09\u8207\u300c\u5167\u90e8\u300d\uff08\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u540c\u4fee\uff09\u3002\u524d\u4e00\u7d44\u5305\u62ec\u76ca\u897f\u63aa\u5609\uff08Yeshe Tsogyal\uff09\u3001\u8c9d\u82e5\u624e\u90a3\uff08Vairochana\uff09\u3001\u6d85\u00b7\u667a\u6167\u7ae5\uff08Nyak Jnanakumara\uff09\u3001\u5353\u7c73\u00b7\u8c9d\u5409\u76ca\u897f\uff08Drogmi Palgi Yeshe\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed68\u30019\u4e16\u7d00\u6709\u6b77\u53f2\u6587\u737b\u8a18\u8f09\u7684\u897f\u85cf\u745c\u4f3d\u58eb\u3002<\/p><p>\u9019\u4e00\u7fa4\u9ad4\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u4e0a\u6709\u76f8\u5c0d\u5145\u5206\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u51fa\u81ea\u6566\u714c\u77f3\u7a9f\u7684\u6566\u714c\u6587\u737b\uff088\u4e16\u7d00\u81f310\u4e16\u7d00\uff09\u8b49\u5be6\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u82e5\u5e72\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u73cd\u59ae\u7279\u00b7\u5609\u63aa\uff08Janet Gyatso\uff09\u8207\u6c99\u59c6\u00b7\u8303\u00b7\u590f\u514b\uff08Sam van Schaik\uff09\u5728\u591a\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u6566\u714c\u6587\u737b\u8207\u5f8c\u4f86\u85cf\u65cf\u8056\u50b3\u6587\u5b78\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8c4b2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a8c4b2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d67f8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2d67f8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u8207\u300a\u4e2d\u9670\u5f97\u6e21\u7d93\u300b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d615a27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d615a27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u300a\u897f\u85cf\u5ea6\u4ea1\u7d93\u300b\uff08Bardo Th\u00f6dol\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u9670\u5f97\u6e21\u7d93\u300b\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u8dcb\u6587\u6b78\u65bc\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\uff0c\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u85cf\u65cf\u5b97\u6559\u6587\u737b\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f9d\u50b3\u7d71\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u6b64\u7d93\u7531\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u64b0\u5beb\uff0c\u76ca\u897f\u63aa\u5609\uff08Yeshe Tsogyal\uff09\u5c07\u5176\u96b1\u85cf\uff0c\u76f4\u523014\u4e16\u7d00\u7531\u5676\u746a\u6797\u5df4\uff08Karma Lingpa\uff09\u4ee5\u4f0f\u85cf\uff08terma\uff09\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u91cd\u65b0\u767c\u73fe\u3002\u5f9e\u5b78\u8853\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u6b64\u7d93\u6b78\u65bc\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u4e26\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u5176\u73fe\u4eca\u6d41\u50b3\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f14\u4e16\u7d00\u665a\u671f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5f59\u7de8\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002<\/p><p>\u7d93\u6587\u63cf\u8ff0\u610f\u8b58\u5728\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e4b\u5f8c\u6240\u7d93\u6b77\u7684\u5404\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u6307\u5f15\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u81e8\u7d42\u8005\u672c\u4eba\u6216\u5176\u89aa\u5c6c\u5982\u4f55\u5354\u52a9\u610f\u8b58\u5728\u4e2d\u9593\u72c0\u614b\uff08bardo\uff0c\u4e2d\u9670\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u904e\u6e21\u6b77\u7a0b\u3002<\/p><p>\u83ef\u7279\u00b7\u4f0a\u6797\u00b7\u4f0a\u6587\u65af-\u6eab\u8328\uff08Walter Yeeling Evans-Wentz\uff09\u65bc1927\u5e74\u5728\u725b\u6d25\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u82f1\u8b6f\u672c\uff0c\u5c0d\u897f\u65b9\u9748\u6027\u601d\u6f6e\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u76f8\u7576\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4f46\u5c31\u8a9e\u6587\u5b78\u800c\u8a00\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u7b26\u5408\u73fe\u4ee3\u6a19\u6e96\u3002\u7f85\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u745f\u66fc\uff08Robert Thurman\uff09\u65bc1994\u5e74\u63a8\u51fa\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u82f1\u8b6f\u672c\u5247\u66f4\u70ba\u53ef\u9760\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b544069 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b544069\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fcc070 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5fcc070\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u5fff\u6012\u76f8\u591a\u5091\u5353\u6d1b(Dorje Drol\u00f6)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8569b80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8569b80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb(Padmasambhava)\u7684\u516b\u5927\u4e3b\u8981\u5316\u8eab\u4e4b\u4e00\u591a\u5091\u5353\u6d1b\u4e0a\u5e2b(Guru Dorje Drol\u00f6),\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u85cf\u50b3\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e2d\u53d7\u5230\u7279\u5225\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u5fff\u6012\u76f8\u63cf\u7e6a\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u9a0e\u4e58\u4e00\u982d\u61f7\u5b55\u7684\u98db\u864e,\u76ae\u819a\u5448\u6697\u7d05\u8272,\u64c1\u6709\u4e09\u96bb\u773c\u775b,\u4e26\u6301\u6709\u91d1\u525b\u6a5b(\u666e\u5df4\u6775)\u4f5c\u70ba\u6cd5\u5668\u3002<\/p><p>\u6b64\u5716\u50cf\u539f\u578b\u51fa\u81ea<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u77e5\u8b58\u8207\u6558\u4e8b\u4e16\u4ee3\u76f8\u50b3\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u53e3\u50b3<\/span>,\u50b3\u8aaa\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u4ee5\u6b64\u5f62\u76f8\u5728\u4e0d\u4e39\u5275\u5efa\u4e86\u5e15\u7f85\u5854\u514b\u6851\u5bfa(Paro Taktsang,\u300c\u864e\u7a74\u5bfa\u300d),\u8a72\u5bfa\u5efa\u65bc\u5e15\u7f85\u5c71\u8c37\u4e0a\u65b9\u9661\u5ced\u7684\u5d16\u58c1\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002<\/p><p>\u5c0d\u591a\u5091\u5353\u6d1b\u7684\u5d07\u5949\u5c24\u5176\u76db\u884c\u65bc\u4e0d\u4e39\u4ee5\u53ca\u85cf\u6771\u5730\u5340\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u5f62\u76f8\u8c61\u5fb5\u8457\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u5c07\u6575\u5c0d\u529b\u91cf\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u8b77\u6cd5\u7684\u8f49\u5316\u4e4b\u529b\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65d51bd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"65d51bd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79206f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"79206f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u300a\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u8a00\u6559\u300b(Padma bka' thang)\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u6587\u737b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04fb02e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"04fb02e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u300a\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u8a00\u6559\u300b(Padma bka&#8217; thang,\u610f\u70ba\u300c\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u8a9e\u9304\u300d)\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u9019\u4f4d\u5927\u5e2b\u6700\u8a73\u76e1\u7684\u8056\u50b3\u3002\u6b64\u66f8\u7531\u5967\u91d1\u6797\u5df4(Orgyan Lingpa)\u65bc14\u4e16\u7d00\u4f5c\u70ba\u4f0f\u85cf(\u96b1\u85cf\u7684\u5bf6\u85cf\u6587\u672c)\u767c\u73fe,\u5171108\u7ae0,\u8a18\u8ff0\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u7684\u8a95\u751f\u3001\u50b3\u6cd5\u3001\u795e\u8e5f\u8207\u5713\u5bc2\u3002\u5b89\u59ae-\u746a\u9e97\u00b7\u5e03\u9686\u591a(Anne-Marie Blondeau)\u8207\u99ac\u4fee\u00b7\u5361\u666e\u65af\u5766(Matthew Kapstein)\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u66fe\u5c0d\u6b64\u6587\u737b\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5c64\u6b21\u9032\u884c\u904e\u8003\u5bdf\u3002<\/p><p>\u96d6\u7136\u8f03\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5c64\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u81f311\u4e16\u7d00\u81f312\u4e16\u7d00,\u4f46\u8a31\u591a\u795e\u8e5f\u6558\u4e8b\u5c6c\u65bc\u5f8c\u4e16\u4f0f\u85cf\u50b3\u627f\u6240\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002\u8207\u4e4b\u4e26\u884c\u7684\u6587\u737b\u300a\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u4e03\u7ae0\u50b3\u300b(\u6851\u5091\u6797\u5df4\u3014Sangye Lingpa\u3015,14\u4e16\u7d00)\u5247\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u5c64\u6558\u4e8b\u7248\u672c\u3002\u9019\u5169\u90e8\u6587\u672c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u5728\u897f\u559c\u99ac\u62c9\u96c5\u5730\u5340\u53ca\u9322\u91d1\u6d41\u50b3,\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u4e0d\u4e39\u7684\u7b56\u79cb\u7bc0(Tsechu)\u6176\u5178\u4e2d\u88ab\u8aa6\u8b80\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5afb269 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5afb269\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a47ed18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a47ed18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u516b\u7a2e\u5316\u8eab\u4e4b\u8a73\u8ff0<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcab2b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fcab2b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u7684\u516b\u7a2e\u5316\u73fe(gu ru mtshan brgyad)\u5206\u5225\u70ba:\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u91d1\u525b(Guru Tsokye Dorje,\u751f\u65bc\u84ee\u82b1\u4e2d)\u3001\u91cb\u8fe6\u7345\u5b50\u4e0a\u5e2b(Guru Shakya Senge,\u50e7\u4fb6\u5f62\u76f8)\u3001\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u4e0a\u5e2b(Guru Padmasambhava,\u5c45\u65bc\u56e0\u672d\u5e03\u63d0\u738b\u5bae)\u3001\u84ee\u82b1\u6e90\u4e0a\u5e2b(Guru Padmakara,\u4fee\u884c\u968e\u6bb5)\u3001\u591a\u5091\u5353\u6d1b\u4e0a\u5e2b(Guru Dorje Drolo,\u5fff\u6012\u76f8)\u3001\u65e5\u5149\u4e0a\u5e2b(Guru Nyima \u00d6zer,\u4f5b\u5149\u986f\u73fe)\u3001\u7345\u5b50\u543c\u8072\u4e0a\u5e2b(Guru Senge Dradok)\u4ee5\u53ca\u58fd\u7d42\u4e0a\u5e2b(Guru Loden Choksey)\u3002<\/p><p>\u6bcf\u4e00\u5316\u8eab\u7686\u5c0d\u61c9\u4e00\u500b\u50b3\u6cd5\u968e\u6bb5\u8207\u4fee\u884c\u91cd\u9ede\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u516b\u91cd\u7d50\u69cb\u65bc12\u4e16\u7d00\u88ab\u7cfb\u7d71\u5316,\u4e26\u5728\u85cf\u50b3\u5bfa\u9662\u58c1\u756b\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u5716\u50cf\u3002\u9019\u4e26\u975e\u5076\u7136\u5730\u8207\u5927\u4e58\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u516b\u5927\u83e9\u85a9\u76f8\u5c0d\u61c9\u3002\u7f85\u5091\u00b7\u5091\u514b\u68ee(Roger Jackson)\u5c07\u9019\u7a2e\u7d50\u69cb\u4e0a\u7684\u5c0d\u61c9,\u8a6e\u91cb\u70ba\u5c07\u5370\u5ea6\u83e9\u85a9\u9ad4\u7cfb\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u5730\u878d\u5165\u85cf\u50b3\u4e0a\u5e2b\u6559\u6cd5\u7684\u6587\u5316\u9069\u61c9\u904e\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c91bea2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c91bea2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b57c1c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b57c1c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u8036\u559c\u63aa\u5609(Yeshe Tsogyal)\u4f5c\u70ba\u8a18\u9304\u8005\u8207\u540c\u4fee\u5c0e\u5e2b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd743ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dd743ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u8036\u559c\u63aa\u5609(\u7d04757\u5e74\u81f3817\u5e74),\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u7684\u9748\u6027\u4f34\u4fb6\u8207\u9996\u5e2d\u5f1f\u5b50,\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u4f0f\u85cf\u6587\u672c\u7684\u8a18\u9304\u8005\u3002\u50b3\u8aaa\u5979\u6191\u85c9\u8d85\u51e1\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u529b,\u5c07\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6559\u6cd5\u8a18\u9304\u4e0b\u4f86,\u4e26\u90e8\u5206\u85cf\u65bc\u5ca9\u77f3\u3001\u6e56\u6cca\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u672a\u4f86\u8f49\u4e16\u8005\u7684\u5fc3\u8b58\u4e4b\u6d41\u4e2d\u3002<\/p><p>\u73cd\u59ae\u7279\u00b7\u8fe6\u63aa(Janet Gyatso,\u300a\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u986f\u73fe\u300b\u3014Apparitions of the Self\u3015,\u666e\u6797\u65af\u9813,1998\u5e74)\u66fe\u5206\u6790\u8036\u559c\u63aa\u5609\u4f5c\u70ba\u5f8c\u4e16\u5973\u6027\u4f0f\u85cf\u5e2b\u5178\u7bc4\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p><p>\u5979\u7684\u8056\u50b3\u300a\u7a7a\u884c\u6bcd\u8036\u559c\u63aa\u5609\u50b3\u300b(Mkha&#8217; &#8216;gro ye shes mtsho rgyal gyi rnam thar)\u7531\u5854\u6e58\u00b7\u7d10\u767b\u591a\u5091(Taksham Nuden Dorje)\u4ee5\u4f0f\u85cf\u5f62\u5f0f\u63ed\u793a,\u662f\u85cf\u50b3\u5b97\u6559\u6587\u5b78\u4e2d\u5c11\u6578\u8a73\u76e1\u7684\u5973\u6027\u50b3\u8a18\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u6b64\u50b3\u8a18\u5c07\u50b3\u8a18\u6027\u5167\u5bb9\u8207\u89c0\u60f3\u6027<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5c0d\u67d0\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\u795e\u8207\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u6027\u6559\u7fa9\u63a2\u8a0e\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5b78<\/span>\u76f8\u7d50\u5408,\u5728\u85cf\u50b3\u6587\u5b78\u53f2\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d06cb12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d06cb12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c0f880 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7c0f880\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u4f0f\u85cf\u50b3\u7d71\u53ca\u5176\u771f\u5be6\u6027\u554f\u984c<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53b9b83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"53b9b83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u4f0f\u85cf\u50b3\u7d71\u662f\u5be7\u746a\u6d3e(Nyingma)\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u652f\u67f1,\u5176\u7acb\u8ad6\u57fa\u790e\u5728\u65bc:\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u8207\u8036\u559c\u63aa\u5609\u5c07\u6559\u6cd5\u96b1\u85cf\u8d77\u4f86,\u65e5\u5f8c\u7531\u547d\u5b9a\u7684\u300c\u4f0f\u85cf\u5e2b\u300d(Tert\u00f6n)\u91cd\u65b0\u767c\u73fe\u3002<\/p><p>\u9019\u4e00\u50b3\u7d71\u5f9e11\u4e16\u7d00\u5ef6\u7e8c\u81f320\u4e16\u7d00,\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u4f5b\u6559\u6587\u737b\u5c64\u3002\u771f\u5be6\u6027\u554f\u984c\u7121\u8ad6\u5728\u50b3\u7d71\u5167\u90e8\u9084\u662f\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u90fd\u6301\u7e8c\u53d7\u5230\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002<\/p><p>\u73cd\u59ae\u7279\u00b7\u8fe6\u63aa\u5728\u300a\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u986f\u73fe\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\u4e3b\u5f35,\u4f0f\u85cf\u6587\u672c\u61c9\u5340\u5206\u70ba\u300c\u5730\u4f0f\u85cf\u300d(sa gter,\u5be6\u9ad4\u767c\u73fe\u7269)\u8207\u300c<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4e00\u7a2e\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u5728\u4e16\u9593\u5177\u6709\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u7684\u7121\u5f62\u5b58\u5728\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5fc3\u610f<\/span>\u4f0f\u85cf\u300d(dgongs gter,\u89c0\u60f3\u6027\u555f\u793a)\u5169\u985e\u3002<\/p><p>\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u985e\u5225\u8981\u6c42\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u737b\u5b78\u8207\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7f85\u7d0d\u5fb7\u00b7\u6234\u7dad\u68ee(Ronald Davidson,\u300a\u897f\u85cf\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\u300b\u3014Tibetan Renaissance\u3015,\u7d10\u7d04,2005\u5e74)\u5c07\u4f0f\u85cf\u50b3\u7d71\u7f6e\u65bc\u66f4\u5ee3\u95ca\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d,\u8996\u5176\u70ba11\u4e16\u7d00\u96c5\u9686\u738b\u671d\u5d29\u6f70\u5f8c\u85cf\u65cf\u8eab\u4efd\u91cd\u5efa\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e00aa18 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e00aa18\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59e7d49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"59e7d49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u8207\u4e2d\u9670\u6559\u6cd5<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4394f85 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4394f85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u6838\u5fc3\u652f\u67f1,\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u4e2d\u9670(Bardo)\u2014\u2014\u6b7b\u4ea1\u8207\u8f49\u751f\u4e4b\u9593\u904e\u6e21\u72c0\u614b\u2014\u2014\u7684\u6559\u6cd5\u3002\u300a\u4e2d\u9670\u805e\u6559\u5f97\u5ea6\u300b(Bardo Th\u00f6dol,\u897f\u65b9\u7a31\u70ba\u300a\u897f\u85cf\u5ea6\u4ea1\u7d93\u300b)\u76f8\u50b3\u70ba\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u7684\u4f0f\u85cf,\u7531\u5676\u746a\u6797\u5df4(Karma Lingpa)\u65bc14\u4e16\u7d00\u767c\u73fe\u3002<\/p><p>\u6b64\u6587\u672c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u516d\u7a2e\u4e2d\u9670\u968e\u6bb5,\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u968e\u6bb5\u4e2d,\u610f\u8b58\u4ecd\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u9081\u5411\u89e3\u812b\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u6b65\u9a5f\u3002<\/p><p>\u5e03\u840a\u6069\u00b7\u5eab\u74e6\u65af(Bryan Cuevas,\u300a\u897f\u85cf\u5ea6\u4ea1\u7d93\u7684\u96b1\u85cf\u6b77\u53f2\u300b\u3014The Hidden History of the Tibetan Book of the Dead\u3015,\u725b\u6d25,2003\u5e74)\u8a73\u7d30\u91cd\u5efa\u4e86\u6b64\u6587\u672c\u7684\u6b77\u53f2,\u4e26\u6307\u51fa\u8a72\u66f8\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u76f4\u5230\u6c83\u723e\u7279\u00b7Y\u00b7\u4f0a\u6587\u601d-\u6eab\u8328(Walter Y. Evans-Wentz,1927\u5e74)\u53ca\u5354\u52a9\u5176\u7ffb\u8b6f\u7684\u5361\u9f4a\u00b7\u9054\u74e6\u00b7\u6851\u5fb7\u666e(Kazi Dawa Samdup)\u4e4b\u4f5c\u554f\u4e16\u5f8c\u624d\u5ee3\u70ba\u4eba\u77e5\u3002<\/p><p>\u9019\u7a2e\u897f\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u4e5f\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u4e2d\u9670\u8a6e\u91cb\u50b3\u7d71,\u4e26\u4e0d\u7e3d\u662f\u8207\u50b3\u7d71\u4fee\u6cd5\u76f8\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-542e57d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"542e57d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02bd3e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"02bd3e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u4e94\u5927\u4f0f\u85cf\u738b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6707d89 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6707d89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u85cf\u50b3\u50b3\u7d71\u4e2d\u6709\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u4e94\u5927\u4f0f\u85cf\u738b\u300d(gter ston rgyal po lnga),\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f0f\u85cf\u767c\u73fe\u8005:\u5a18\u71b1\u00b7\u5c3c\u746a\u5a01\u8272(Nyangrel Nyima \u00d6zer,1124\u5e74\u81f31192\u5e74)\u3001\u53e4\u5982\u00b7\u79cb\u65fa(Guru Ch\u00f6wang,1212\u5e74\u81f31270\u5e74)\u3001\u591a\u5091\u6797\u5df4(Dorje Lingpa,1346\u5e74\u81f31405\u5e74)\u3001\u84ee\u82b1\u6797\u5df4(Padma Lingpa,1450\u5e74\u81f31521\u5e74)\u4ee5\u53ca\u8523\u63da\u00b7\u6b3d\u54f2\u65fa\u6ce2(Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo,1820\u5e74\u81f31892\u5e74)\u3002<\/p><p>\u4ed6\u5011\u5171\u540c\u91cd\u65b0\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u6578\u5343\u90e8\u6587\u672c\u8207\u4fee\u884c\u50b3\u627f\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u737b\u4e2d\u7684\u8a08\u6578\u65b9\u5f0f\u7565\u6709\u5dee\u7570,\u67d0\u4e9b\u6559\u6d3e\u9084\u6703\u52a0\u5165\u5176\u4ed6\u540d\u5b57,\u5982\u6851\u5091\u6797\u5df4(Sangye Lingpa)\u3001\u7136\u90a3\u6797\u5df4(Ratna Lingpa)\u6216\u5967\u91d1\u6797\u5df4(Orgyen Lingpa)\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u4f0f\u85cf\u5e2b\u7cfb\u8b5c\u4e26\u975e\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u4f7f\u5f92\u7e7c\u627f,\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u547d\u5b9a\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u767c\u73fe\u8005,\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u696d\u529b\u81ea\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u6642\u4ee3\u8d77\u4fbf\u6307\u5411\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u4f7f\u547d\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d745c7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0d745c7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-957a0b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"957a0b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u5e38\u898b\u554f\u984c<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d276cda elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d276cda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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