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tabindex=\"0\">\u5949\u737b<\/span>\u7d66\u4ed6\u8207\u4ed6\u7684\u5148\u7956\u3002\u5728\u5c3c\u666e\u723e\uff08Nippur\uff09\u8207\u5df4\u6bd4\u502b\uff08Babylon\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u4e5f\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u5492\u8a9e\u6587\u672c\u8207\u54c0\u60bc\u79ae\u6587\u4e2d\u88ab\u547c\u559a\u3002\u4ed6\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u5728\u4e16\u9593\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7121\u5f62\u5b58\u5728\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u9748\u9b42<\/span>\u5728\u5360\u535c\u5be6\u8e10\u4e2d\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u7279\u5225\u5f37\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u64da\u4fe1\u4ed6\u66fe\u5169\u5ea6\u9032\u5165\u5730\u4e0b\u4e16\u754c\uff1a\u4e00\u6b21\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u627e\u56de\u6069\u57fa\u675c\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u6b21\u5247\u662f\u5728\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u6b7b\u5f8c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u65b0\u4e9e\u8ff0\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u8072\u671b\u4f9d\u7136\u4e0d\u6e1b\uff0c\u4f46\u796d\u7940\u5c64\u9762\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\u9010\u6f38\u6d88\u901d\u3002\u5049\u5927\u7684\u85cf\u66f8\u738b\u4e9e\u8ff0\u5df4\u5c3c\u62d4\uff08Aschurbanipal\uff09\u66fe\u5c07\u300a\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u53f2\u8a69\u300b\u7684\u591a\u4efd\u6284\u672c\u6536\u85cf\u65bc\u4ed6\u7684\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u4e2d\u3002<\/p><p>\u73fe\u5b58\u6ce5\u677f\u4e2d\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u51fa\u81ea\u9019\u5ea7\u4f4d\u65bc\u5c3c\u5c3c\u5fae\uff08Niniveh\uff09\u7684\u738b\u5bb6\u85cf\u66f8\u3002\u5728\u8d6b\u68af\u4eba\u7684\u9996\u90fd\u54c8\u5716\u6c99\uff08Hattusha\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u66fe\u88fd\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e00\u4efd\u8d6b\u68af\u8a9e\u8b6f\u672c\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u9019\u4e00\u984c\u6750\u66fe\u5ee3\u6cdb\u8de8\u570b\u6d41\u50b3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5230\u4e86\u65b0\u5df4\u6bd4\u502b\u8207\u585e\u7409\u53e4\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u6587\u5b78\u50b3\u7d71\u9010\u6f38\u6de1\u53bb\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u7336\u592a-\u963f\u62c9\u7c73\u8a9e\u8207\u6558\u5229\u4e9e\u8a9e\u7684\u6587\u737b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ecd\u53ef\u767c\u73fe\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u984c\u6750\u7684\u8e64\u8de1\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u88ab\u8f49\u5ac1\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u82f1\u96c4\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u76f4\u63a5\u50b3\u7d71\u76f4\u5230\u516c\u51431\u4e16\u7d00\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u9054\u7c73\u4e9e\u66f8\u5beb\u6587\u5316\u5fb9\u5e95\u6e6e\u6c92\u5f8c\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u7d42\u7d50\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-722db8b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"722db8b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9000838 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9000838\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u91cd\u8981\u795e\u8a71<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1285d50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1285d50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u6587\u737b\u662f\u5341\u4e8c\u584a\u6ce5\u677f\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u7248\u300a\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u53f2\u8a69\u300b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u81f3\u4e8c\u584a\u6ce5\u677f\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5e74\u8f15\u800c\u5c08\u6a6b\u7684\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0,\u4ee5\u53ca\u5973\u795e\u963f\u9b6f\u9b6f(Aruru)\u5275\u9020\u6069\u57fa\u90fd(Enkidu)\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u5169\u4f4d\u82f1\u96c4\u76f8\u9047\u3001\u6c7a\u9b25,\u96a8\u5f8c\u7d50\u70ba\u646f\u53cb,\u9019\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u4e0a\u6975\u70ba\u7279\u6b8a,\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5c07\u57ce\u5e02\u8207\u8349\u539f\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5178\u578b\u5c0d\u7acb\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u4e00\u6bb5\u60c5\u8abc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u81f3\u4e94\u584a\u6ce5\u677f\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u524d\u5f80\u96ea\u677e\u6797\u7684\u65c5\u7a0b,\u4ee5\u53ca\u8207\u68ee\u6797\u5b88\u8b77\u8005\u80e1\u59c6\u5df4\u5df4(Humbaba)\u7684\u6230\u9b25\u3002\u9019\u6bb5\u60c5\u7bc0\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u4e0a\u683c\u5916\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee,\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5c07\u5b87\u5b99\u5730\u7406\u89c0\u8207\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u6728\u6750\u8cbf\u6613\u7d50\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u9ece\u5df4\u5ae9\u7684\u96ea\u677e\u63a1\u4f10\u662f\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u9054\u7c73\u4e9e\u8af8\u738b\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u6d3b\u52d5,\u53f2\u8a69\u5247\u70ba\u5176\u8ce6\u4e88\u795e\u8a71\u4e0a\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u516d\u81f3\u516b\u584a\u6ce5\u677f\u5305\u542b\u8207\u4f0a\u7d72\u5854(Ischtar)\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u60c5\u7bc0\u3001\u6bba\u6b7b\u5929\u725b,\u4ee5\u53ca\u6069\u57fa\u90fd\u4e4b\u6b7b\u3002\u6b64\u8655\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u6700\u70ba\u5bc6\u96c6\u3002<\/p><p>\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u62d2\u7d55\u5a36\u4f0a\u7d72\u5854\u70ba\u59bb,\u4e26\u5217\u8209\u9019\u4f4d\u5973\u795e\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u60c5\u4eba,\u9019\u662f\u5c0d\u4e00\u4f4d\u5f37\u5927<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\u88ab\u5d07\u62dc\u70ba\u795e\u8056\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u660e<\/span>\u7f55\u898b\u7684\u516c\u7136\u6297\u8faf\u3002\u773e\u795e\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8b93\u6069\u57fa\u90fd\u6b7b\u53bb\u4f5c\u70ba\u56de\u61c9,\u9019\u4e00\u60c5\u7bc0\u8ce6\u4e88\u6558\u4e8b\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u795e\u5b78\u610f\u6db5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e5d\u81f3\u5341\u4e00\u584a\u6ce5\u677f\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u63cf\u5beb\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u7684\u7d55\u671b\u4e4b\u65c5\u3002\u4ed6\u7a7f\u8d8a\u592a\u967d\u795e\u7684\u96a7\u9053,\u6e21\u904e\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e4b\u6c34,\u62b5\u9054\u70cf\u7279\u90a3\u76ae\u4ec0\u63d0\u59c6(Utnapischtim)\u90a3\u88e1,\u4e26\u807d\u805e\u4e86\u6d2a\u6c34\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002<\/p><p>\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u584a\u6ce5\u677f\u8a73\u7d30\u8a18\u8f09\u4e86\u6d2a\u6c34\u4e8b\u4ef6,\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u5c24\u70ba\u91cd\u8981,\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u8207\u300a\u8056\u7d93\u300b\u5927\u6d2a\u6c34\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u5e73\u884c\u6587\u672c,\u4e26\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u95dc\u65bc\u6469\u897f\u4e94\u7d93\u6587\u5b78\u6e90\u6d41\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u584a\u6ce5\u677f\u662f\u5f8c\u4f86\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u5167\u5bb9,\u63cf\u8ff0\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u54c0\u60bc\u6069\u57fa\u90fd,\u4ee5\u53ca\u6069\u57fa\u90fd\u4e4b\u9748\u9b42\u5f9e\u9670\u9593\u6b78\u4f86\u7684\u60c5\u666f\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u8607\u7f8e\u8a69\u7bc7\u300a\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u3001\u6069\u57fa\u90fd\u8207\u9670\u9593\u300b\u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f,\u8207\u6a19\u6e96\u7248\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u67b6\u69cb\u4e26\u4e0d\u76f8\u5408,\u56e0\u6b64\u5b78\u754c\u8996\u5176\u70ba\u9644\u9304\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8302448 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8302448\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aae4bfc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"aae4bfc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u842c\u795e\u6bbf\u4e2d\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8cbbfd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8cbbfd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u4f5c\u70ba\u6b77\u53f2\u4eba\u7269,\u56b4\u683c\u4f86\u8aaa\u4e26\u4e0d\u5c6c\u65bc\u795e\u7cfb,\u4f46\u6b7b\u5f8c\u4ed6\u88ab\u5c0a\u70ba\u534a\u795e,\u4e26\u88ab\u5949\u70ba\u9670\u9593\u7684\u5be9\u5224\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u6bcd\u89aa\u5be7\u677e(Ninsun)\u662f\u667a\u6167\u8207\u755c\u7267\u5973\u795e,\u5c6c\u65bc\u70cf\u9b6f\u514b(Uruk)\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u67d0\u4e00\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u795e\u660e\u7684\u7e3d\u9ad4\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u7cfb<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u89aa\u76e7\u52a0\u723e\u73ed\u9054(Lugalbanda)\u662f\u70cf\u9b6f\u514b\u738b\u5ea7\u4e0a\u4e00\u4f4d\u88ab\u795e\u5316\u7684\u524d\u4efb\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u7684\u5925\u4f34\u6069\u57fa\u90fd\u4e26\u4e0d\u88ab\u8996\u70ba<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\u88ab\u5d07\u62dc\u70ba\u795e\u8056\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u660e<\/span>,\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u91ce\u751f\u7684\u5275\u9020\u4e4b\u8eab,\u6b7b\u5f8c\u9032\u5165\u57c3\u5217\u4ec0\u57fa\u8fe6\u52d2(Ereschkigal)\u7684\u9818\u57df\u3002\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u8207\u70cf\u9b6f\u514b\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u5973\u795e\u4f0a\u5357\u5a1c(Ischtar,\u53c8\u7a31\u4f0a\u7d72\u5854)\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u885d\u7a81\u6027\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2;\u8207\u592a\u967d\u795e\u517c\u53f8\u6cd5\u4e4b\u795e\u6c99\u746a\u4ec0(Shamash)\u4e4b\u9593\u5247\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5e87\u8b77\u95dc\u4fc2,\u56e0\u70ba\u6c99\u746a\u4ec0\u5728\u6230\u9b25\u4efb\u52d9\u4e2d\u5c0d\u4ed6\u76f8\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u8207\u70cf\u7279\u90a3\u76ae\u4ec0\u63d0\u59c6\u53ca\u5176\u59bb\u5b50\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2,\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u76e1\u982d\u7684\u76f8\u9047\u4e4b\u4e0a;\u8207\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e4b\u6c34\u65c1\u7684\u5973\u9152\u9928\u4e3b\u897f\u675c\u91cc(Siduri)\u7684\u76f8\u9047,\u5247\u5e36\u4f86\u4e00\u5834\u95dc\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u54f2\u7406\u6559\u8aa8\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u76f8\u9047\u5efa\u69cb\u51fa\u4e00\u5e45\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u795e\u5b78\u666f\u8c61,\u4f7f\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u9010\u6f38\u6210\u70ba\u8b80\u8005\u7684\u5c0e\u5e2b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u8207\u5176\u6bcd\u89aa\u5be7\u677e\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5be7\u677e\u4e4b\u540d\u610f\u70ba\u300c\u91ce\u725b\u4e4b\u4e3b\u6bcd\u300d,\u662f\u70cf\u9b6f\u514b\u57ce\u7684\u5973\u795e,\u5728\u53f2\u8a69\u4e2d\u88ab\u63cf\u7e6a\u70ba\u9019\u4f4d\u82f1\u96c4\u7684\u9867\u554f\u8207\u89e3\u5922\u8005\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u584a\u6ce5\u677f\u4e2d,\u5979\u70ba\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u89e3\u5922,\u5922\u4e2d\u6069\u57fa\u90fd\u4ee5\u672a\u4f86\u53cb\u4eba\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u795e\u8056\u6bcd\u89aa\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u5143\u7d20,\u5728\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u9054\u7c73\u4e9e\u5176\u4ed6\u82f1\u96c4\u53f2\u8a69\u4e2d\u4ea6\u6709\u51fa\u73fe,\u4f8b\u5982\u76e7\u52a0\u723e\u73ed\u9054\u8207\u57c3\u5854\u7d0d(Etana)\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u89aa\u76e7\u52a0\u723e\u73ed\u9054\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u82f1\u96c4\u4eba\u7269,\u6709\u5169\u7bc7\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u8607\u7f8e\u6558\u4e8b\u4ee5\u4ed6\u70ba\u4e3b\u89d2\u3002\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u2014\u76e7\u52a0\u723e\u73ed\u9054\u2014\u5be7\u677e\u9019\u4e00\u795e\u7cfb\u8840\u7d71,\u5c07\u70cf\u9b6f\u514b\u57ce\u8207\u4e00\u500b\u5ef6\u7e8c\u4e09\u4ee3\u7684\u795e\u8056\u738b\u5ba4\u4e16\u7cfb\u9023\u7d50\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u4e16\u7cfb\u88ab\u8f09\u5165\u300a\u8607\u7f8e\u738b\u8868\u300b,\u8ce6\u4e88\u70cf\u9b6f\u514b\u57ce\u8d85\u8d8a\u55ae\u7d14\u57ce\u5e02\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u795e\u5b78\u5c0a\u56b4\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32f1d5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"32f1d5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c880a2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c880a2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u63a5\u53d7\u8207\u5f71\u97ff<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1467b6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1467b6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u300a\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u53f2\u8a69\u300b\u65bc1872\u5e74\u7531\u55ac\u6cbb\u00b7\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af(George Smith)\u5728\u5927\u82f1\u535a\u7269\u9928\u91cb\u8b80\u6210\u529f,\u7531\u6b64\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u6d2a\u6c34\u6ce5\u677f\u8f5f\u52d5\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u767c\u73fe\u3002\u6b64\u5f8c\u8a72\u53f2\u8a69\u5df2\u88ab\u8b6f\u6210\u6578\u5341\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00,\u4e26\u4ee5\u591a\u7a2e\u7248\u672c\u554f\u4e16\u3002<\/p><p>\u840a\u7d0d\u00b7\u746a\u5229\u4e9e\u00b7\u91cc\u723e\u514b(Reiner Maria Rilke)\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u300c\u4eba\u985e\u6587\u5b78\u6700\u5049\u5927\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e4b\u4e00\u300d,\u5361\u723e\u00b7\u53e4\u65af\u5854\u592b\u00b7\u69ae\u683c(Carl Gustav Jung)\u5247\u5f9e\u539f\u578b\u89d2\u5ea6\u5c07\u5176\u89e3\u8b80\u70ba\u610f\u8b58\u81ea\u6211\u901a\u5f80\u9748\u9b42\u6df1\u8655\u7684\u65c5\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u6587\u5b78\u4e2d,\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u85dd\u8853\u6216\u6558\u4e8b\u4e2d\u53cd\u8986\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u5143\u7d20\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u6bcd\u984c<\/span>\u88ab\u591a\u6b21\u63a1\u7528,\u4f8b\u5982\u6f22\u65af\u00b7\u4ea8\u5c3c\u00b7\u63da(Hans Henny Jahnn)\u3001\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u683c\u502b\u8fea(Stephan Grundy)\u3001\u7f85\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u897f\u723e\u5f17\u4f2f\u683c(Robert Silverberg)\u8207\u55ac\u5b89\u00b7\u502b\u6566(Joan London)\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u4f5c\u66f2\u5bb6\u535a\u80e1\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u00b7\u99ac\u723e\u8482\u52aa(Bohuslav Martinu)\u5275\u4f5c\u4e86\u300a\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u53f2\u8a69\u300b(The Epic of Gilgamesh),\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u70ba\u7368\u5531\u3001\u5408\u5531\u8207\u6a02\u5718\u800c\u4f5c\u7684\u6e05\u5531\u5287,\u65bc1958\u5e74\u5728\u5df4\u585e\u723e\u9996\u6f14\u3002\u9019\u4f4d\u82f1\u96c4\u4e5f\u4ee5\u591a\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u6f2b\u756b\u3001\u96fb\u5f71\u8207\u96fb\u73a9\u4e4b\u4e2d,\u5e38\u5e38\u8207\u53e4\u4ee3\u539f\u59cb\u7d20\u6750\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u767c\u63ee\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d,\u9019\u90e8\u53f2\u8a69\u5728\u82f1\u96c4\u3001\u6b7b\u4ea1\u8207\u5927\u6d2a\u6c34\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4f54\u6709\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u81ea\u5176\u767c\u73fe\u4ee5\u4f86,\u8207\u300a\u8056\u7d93\u00b7\u5275\u4e16\u8a18\u300b\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u8655\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u795e\u5b78\u8207\u5b78\u8853\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u8b70\u984c\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u9019\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u97ff,\u9084\u662f\u5171\u540c\u8d77\u6e90\u6240\u81f4,\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d,\u300a\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u53f2\u8a69\u300b\u6839\u672c\u6027\u5730\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u95dc\u65bc\u300a\u8056\u7d93\u300b\u5927\u6d2a\u6c34\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002\u8d6b\u723e\u66fc\u00b7\u8ca2\u514b\u723e(Hermann Gunkel)\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u5275\u4e16\u8a18\u300b(1901\u5e74)\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u8ad6\u9ede,\u8a8d\u70ba\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u9054\u7c73\u4e9e\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u5728\u8a9e\u8a00\u8207\u6bcd\u984c\u4e0a\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u300a\u8056\u7d93\u300b\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u3002<\/span><\/p><p>\u9019\u4e00\u8ad6\u9ede\u5f8c\u4f86\u88ab\u514b\u52de\u65af\u00b7\u97cb\u65af\u7279\u66fc(Claus Westermann)\u63a1\u7d0d\u65bc\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u300a\u5275\u4e16\u8a18\u300b\u8a3b\u91cb\u4e2d,\u5982\u4eca\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u5b78\u754c\u5171\u8b58\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u9019\u7a2e\u5f71\u97ff\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u900f\u904e\u5df4\u6bd4\u502b\u4e4b\u56da\u76f4\u63a5\u50b3\u64ad,\u9084\u662f\u900f\u904e\u8fd1\u6771\u5730\u5340\u7684\u53e3\u50b3\u50b3\u7d71\u9593\u63a5\u50b3\u627f,\u5247\u4ecd\u6709\u722d\u8b70\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u6587\u5b78\u4e2d,\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u300c\u5931\u53bb\u646f\u53cb\u5f8c\u5c0b\u627e\u751f\u547d\u610f\u7fa9\u300d\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\u7b26\u78bc\u3002<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u6d77\u59c6(Stefan Heym)\u7684\u300a\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u4e4b\u66f8\u300b(1972\u5e74)\u3001\u55ac\u5b89\u00b7\u502b\u6566\u7684\u300a\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u300b(2001\u5e74)\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f85\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u897f\u723e\u5f17\u4f2f\u683c\u7684\u5c0f\u8aaa\u300a\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u738b\u300b(1984\u5e74)\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u6539\u7de8\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u5728\u96fb\u5f71\u65b9\u9762,\u5b89\u5fb7\u70c8\u00b7\u5854\u53ef\u592b\u65af\u57fa(Andrei Tarkovskij)\u7684\u300a\u6f5b\u884c\u8005\u300b(Stalker,1979\u5e74)\u6df1\u53d7\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u6bcd\u984c\u7684\u5f71\u97ff,\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u5728\u7b46\u8a18\u4e2d\u4e5f\u660e\u78ba\u63d0\u53ca\u6b64\u9ede\u3002<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3751e1a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3751e1a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ede18c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ede18c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u5b97\u6559\u5b78\u8108\u7d61\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a1cbef3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a1cbef3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u5b89\u5fb7\u9b6f\u00b7\u55ac\u6cbb(Andrew George)\u5728\u5176\u6821\u52d8\u7248\u300a\u5df4\u6bd4\u502b\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u53f2\u8a69\u300b\uff08The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic\uff09\u4e2d\u91cd\u5efa\u4e86\u624b\u6284\u672c\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u6b64\u53f2\u8a69\u7f6e\u65bc\u53e4\u4ee3\u8fd1\u6771\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e0b\u52a0\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u8a72\u9818\u57df\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c0d\u9019\u4e00\u984c\u6750\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u7406\u89e3\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u65af\u7279\u51e1\u00b7\u6bdb\u723e\uff08Stefan Maul\uff09\u5247\u5728\u591a\u7bc7\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u6b64\u53f2\u8a69\u4e2d\u5deb\u8853\u8207\u5100\u5f0f\u5c64\u9762\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7d22\u57fa\u723e\u5fb7\u00b7\u96c5\u5404\u5e03\u68ee\uff08Thorkild Jacobsen\uff09\u8a8d\u70ba\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u984c\u6750\u662f\u53e4\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u9054\u7c73\u4e9e\u5c0d\u6b7b\u4ea1\u8207\u81e8\u7d42\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u53cd\u601d\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u90e8\u53f2\u8a69\u4e26\u975e\u55ae\u7d14\u7684\u82f1\u96c4\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u5834\u95dc\u65bc\u6709\u9650\u6027\u7684\u795e\u5b78\u601d\u8fa8\u3002\u8b93\u00b7\u535a\u6cf0\u7f85\uff08Jean Bott\u00e9ro\uff09\u5247\u5f37\u8abf\u6b64\u6587\u672c\u7684\u793e\u6703\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u66f8\u540f\u5b78\u5f92\u7684\u6559\u5ba4\u4e2d\u88ab\u6284\u5beb\u50b3\u7fd2\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6210\u70ba\u53e4\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u9054\u7c73\u4e9e\u7cbe\u82f1\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u59ae\u00b7\u9054\u5229\uff08Stephanie Dalley\uff09\u8207\u5a01\u723e\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u00b7\u862d\u4f2f\u7279\uff08Wilfred Lambert\uff09\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u8b6f\u672c\u8207\u6ce8\u91cb\uff0c\u4f7f\u9019\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u5f97\u4ee5\u70ba\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u8b80\u8005\u6240\u77e5\u3002\u74e6\u723e\u7279\u00b7\u85a9\u62c9\u4f2f\u683c\uff08Walther Sallaberger\uff09\u5247\u91cd\u5efa\u4e86\u5176\u53e4\u8607\u7f8e\u524d\u8eab\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u5b78\u754c\u666e\u904d\u5c07\u300a\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u53f2\u8a69\u300b\u8996\u70ba\u53e4\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u9054\u7c73\u4e9e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6587\u660e\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u898b\u8b49\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u63a2\u8a0e\u65e9\u671f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6587\u660e\u5982\u4f55\u601d\u8003\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3001\u53cb\u8abc\u8207\u540d\u8072\u554f\u984c\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u6587\u672c\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4d2adc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d4d2adc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d1926c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9d1926c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u6a19\u6e96\u7248\u672c\u8207\u8f9b\u96f7\u5947\u70cf\u5c3c\u5c3c<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf00aa0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cf00aa0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u300a\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u53f2\u8a69\u300b\u5728\u6587\u5b78\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u70ba\u4eba\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u6a19\u6e96\u7248\u300d\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5171\u5341\u4e8c\u584a\u6ce5\u7248\u3001\u4ee5\u963f\u5361\u5fb7\u8a9e\u5beb\u6210\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u65bc\u516c\u5143\u524d\u4e8c\u5343\u5e74\u4e2d\u671f\u4ee5\u300cSha naqba imuru\u300d\uff08\u610f\u70ba\u300c\u770b\u76e1\u842c\u4e8b\u4e4b\u4eba\u300d\uff09\u4e4b\u540d\u88ab\u7de8\u8a02\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5e0c\u81d8\u8207\u7f85\u99ac\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u7d04\u516c\u5143\u524d800\u5e74\u81f3\u516c\u5143600\u5e74\" tabindex=\"0\">\u53e4\u5178\u6642\u4ee3<\/span>\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u5c07\u6b64\u6587\u672c\u7684\u7de8\u8a02\u6b78\u529f\u65bc\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u70ba\u8f9b\u96f7\u5947\u70cf\u5c3c\u5c3c\uff08Sin-leqi-unninni\uff09\u7684\u5df4\u6bd4\u502b\u5b78\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5492\u8853\u5e2b\u8207\u66f8\u540f\uff0c\u64da\u63a8\u6e2c\u6d3b\u8e8d\u65bc\u4e2d\u5df4\u6bd4\u502b\u6642\u671f\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d12\u4e16\u7d00\uff09\u3002<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u5c3c\u5c3c\u5fae\u51fa\u571f\u7684\u66f8\u540f\u540d\u9304\u4e2d\uff0c\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u7de8\u7e82\u8af8\u6ce5\u7248\u4e4b\u4eba\u300d\u3002\u5b89\u5fb7\u9b6f\u00b7\u55ac\u6cbb\uff08Andrew George\uff09\u5728\u5176\u5de8\u8457\u300a\u5df4\u6bd4\u502b\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u53f2\u8a69\u300b\uff08The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic\uff0c\u725b\u6d25\uff0c2003\u5e74\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d30\u7dfb\u91cd\u5efa\u4e86\u6587\u672c\u7684\u6d41\u50b3\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u7167\u6821\u52d8\u4e86\u4f86\u81ea\u5c3c\u5c3c\u5fae\u3001\u8607\u723e\u5766\u6cf0\u4f69\u3001\u5df4\u6bd4\u502b\u3001\u70cf\u9b6f\u514b\u53ca\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u9054\u7c73\u4e9e\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u5340\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6a19\u6e96\u7248\u5171\u5206\u70ba\u5341\u4e8c\u584a\u6ce5\u7248\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u81f3\u7b2c\u4e8c\u584a\u6ce5\u7248\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u6069\u57fa\u675c\uff08Enkidu\uff09\u7684\u5275\u9020\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u8207\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u7684\u76f8\u9047\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u81f3\u7b2c\u4e94\u584a\u6ce5\u7248\u63cf\u5beb\u4e86\u524d\u5f80\u96ea\u677e\u6797\u7684\u65c5\u7a0b\u8207\u64ca\u6557\u80e1\u59c6\u5df4\u5df4\uff08Humbaba\uff09\u7684\u6230\u9b25\u3002\u7b2c\u516d\u584a\u6ce5\u7248\u8a18\u8ff0\u4e86\u8207\u4f0a\u7d72\u5854\uff08Ishtar\uff09\u7684\u76f8\u9047\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bba\u6b7b\u5929\u725b\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p><p>\u7b2c\u4e03\u584a\u6ce5\u7248\u8a18\u8f09\u4e86\u6069\u57fa\u675c\u4e4b\u6b7b\u8207\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u7684\u54c0\u615f\u3002\u7b2c\u516b\u81f3\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u584a\u6ce5\u7248\u6558\u8ff0\u4e86\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u5c0b\u6c42\u4e0d\u6b7b\u4e4b\u8eab\u7684\u6b77\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u8207\u70cf\u7279\u90a3\u5e87\u4ec0\u63d0\u59c6\uff08Utnapischtim\uff0c\u5373\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u9054\u7c73\u4e9e\u7248\u7684\u8afe\u4e9e\uff09\u7684\u76f8\u9047\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u6d2a\u6c34\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u3002\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u584a\u6ce5\u7248\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u8607\u7f8e\u8a9e\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u9644\u9304\u8f49\u8f09\u4e86\u300a\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u3001\u6069\u57fa\u675c\u8207\u5730\u5e9c\u300b\u7684\u7bc0\u9304\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u584a\u6ce5\u7248\u4e2d\u7684\u6d2a\u6c34\u6558\u4e8b\uff0c\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5b78\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u70cf\u7279\u90a3\u5e87\u4ec0\u63d0\u59c6\u5411\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u8b1b\u8ff0\uff0c\u6069\u57fa\uff08Enki\uff09\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u524d\u8b66\u544a\u4ed6\u5373\u5c07\u964d\u81e8\u7684\u5927\u6d2a\u6c34\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u795e\u6069\u5229\u52d2\uff08Enlil\uff09\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u964d\u4e0b\u7684\u61f2\u7f70\u3002\u70cf\u7279\u90a3\u5e87\u4ec0\u63d0\u59c6\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u8258\u65b9\u821f\uff0c\u5c07\u5bb6\u4eba\u3001\u842c\u7269\u751f\u9748\u8207\u77e5\u8b58\u4e00\u540c\u8f09\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\u800c\u5f97\u4ee5\u4fdd\u5168\u3002<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u6d2a\u6c34\u8086\u8650\u4e03\u5929\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u65b9\u821f\u505c\u9760\u5728\u5c3c\u897f\u723e\u5c71\uff08Nisir\uff09\u4e0a\uff0c\u773e\u795e\u96a8\u5f8c\u8cdc\u4e88\u70cf\u7279\u90a3\u5e87\u4ec0\u63d0\u59c6\u6c38\u751f\u3002\u9019\u6bb5\u6558\u4e8b\u65bc1872\u5e74\u9996\u5ea6\u7531\u55ac\u6cbb\u00b7\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\uff08George Smith\uff09\u5728\u5927\u82f1\u535a\u7269\u9928\u516c\u958b\u767c\u8868\uff0c\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u5b78\u754c\u8207\u795e\u5b78\u754c\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u9707\u52d5\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u6697\u793a\u8056\u7d93\u6d2a\u6c34\u6558\u4e8b\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5176\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u9054\u7c73\u4e9e\u7684\u539f\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bf92d0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6bf92d0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0f5377 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a0f5377\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u53e4\u5df4\u6bd4\u502b\u7248\u672c\u8207\u6bd4\u723e\u52a0\u7f8e\u65af\u6587\u672c<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a698770 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a698770\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u5728\u6a19\u6e96\u7248\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u500b\u6e90\u81ea\u516c\u5143\u524d18\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u53e4\u5df4\u6bd4\u502b\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u300c\u8cd3\u5915\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e9e\u6ce5\u7248\u300d\u8207\u300c\u8036\u9b6f\u6ce5\u7248\u300d\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u7686\u662f\u7531\u5b78\u9662\u5b78\u751f\u4f5c\u70ba\u6284\u5beb\u7df4\u7fd2\u800c\u6284\u9304\u7684\u3002<\/p><p>\u9019\u4e9b\u53e4\u5df4\u6bd4\u502b\u7248\u672c\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u6a19\u6e96\u7248\uff0c\u8a9e\u53e5\u8f03\u70ba\u7c21\u6f54\uff0c\u6558\u4e8b\u7bc0\u594f\u4e5f\u66f4\u70ba\u9748\u6d3b\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9084\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e9b\u6697\u793a\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u8207\u6069\u57fa\u675c\u95dc\u4fc2\u5713\u6eff\u6536\u5c3e\u7684\u8b8a\u7570\u7248\u672c\u3002\u300c\u8cd3\u5915\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e9e\u6ce5\u7248\u300d\u4ee5\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u4e4b\u6bcd\u5be7\u5b6b\uff08Ninsun\uff09\u5922\u4e2d\u9810\u8a00\u6069\u57fa\u675c\u964d\u751f\u7684\u5834\u666f\u958b\u5834\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e00\u60c5\u7bc0\u5728\u6a19\u6e96\u7248\u4e2d\u5247\u88ab\u5927\u5e45\u7c21\u5316\u5448\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u53e4\u5df4\u6bd4\u502b\u7248\u672c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9084\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u8607\u7f8e\u8a9e\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u4ee5\u300c\u6bd4\u723e\u52a0\u7f8e\u65af\u300d\uff08Bilgames\uff09\u4e4b\u540d\uff0c\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u4e94\u7bc7\u5404\u81ea\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p><p>\u9019\u4e9b\u6bd4\u723e\u52a0\u7f8e\u65af\u6587\u672c\u5206\u5225\u662f\uff1a\u300a\u6bd4\u723e\u52a0\u7f8e\u65af\u8207\u963f\u4f3d\u300b\uff0c\u8b1b\u8ff0\u70cf\u9b6f\u514b\u906d\u9130\u90a6\u541b\u4e3b\u963f\u4f3d\u570d\u57ce\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff1b\u300a\u6bd4\u723e\u52a0\u7f8e\u65af\u8207\u80e1\u74e6\u74e6\u300b\uff0c\u5373\u5f8c\u4f86\u80e1\u59c6\u5df4\u5df4\u60c5\u7bc0\u7684\u524d\u8eab\uff1b\u300a\u6bd4\u723e\u52a0\u7f8e\u65af\u8207\u5929\u725b\u300b\uff1b\u300a\u6bd4\u723e\u52a0\u7f8e\u65af\u3001\u6069\u57fa\u675c\u8207\u5730\u5e9c\u300b\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a\u6bd4\u723e\u52a0\u7f8e\u65af\u4e4b\u6b7b\u300b\u3002<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u9019\u4e94\u7bc7\u8607\u7f8e\u8a9e\u6587\u672c\u6bd4\u963f\u5361\u5fb7\u8a9e\u50b3\u7d71\u66f4\u70ba\u53e4\u8001\uff0c\u5e74\u4ee3\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u81f3\u70cf\u723e\u7b2c\u4e09\u738b\u671d\u6642\u671f\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d21\u4e16\u7d00\uff09\u3002\u5b89\u5fb7\u9b6f\u00b7\u55ac\u6cbb\uff08Andrew George\uff09\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u53f2\u8a69\u300b\uff08The Epic of Gilgamesh\uff0c\u4f01\u9d5d\u7d93\u5178\u53e2\u66f8\uff0c1999\u5e74\uff09\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u9644\u82f1\u8b6f\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6821\u52d8\u672c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4efd\u7279\u5225\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\u662f\u300a\u6bd4\u723e\u52a0\u7f8e\u65af\u4e4b\u6b7b\u300b\uff0c\u8a72\u6587\u672c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u9019\u4f4d\u82f1\u96c4\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u8207\u846c\u79ae\u3002\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u5728\u5730\u5e9c\u4e2d\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u70ba\u5be9\u5224\u5b98\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u8077\u80fd\u5f8c\u4f86\u4e5f\u5728\u8af8\u591a\u5492\u8853\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u9ad4\u73fe\u3002<\/p><p>\u9019\u7a2e\u540c\u6642\u8eab\u70ba\u904e\u5f80\u82f1\u96c4\u8207\u4ea1\u8005\u5be9\u5224\u8005\u7684\u96d9\u91cd\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u662f\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u9054\u7c73\u4e9e\u82f1\u96c4\u4eba\u7269\u4e2d\u9817\u5177\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u69cb\u9020\u3002\u963f\u683c\u00b7\u97cb\u65af\u6ed5\u970d\u723e\u8328\uff08Aage Westenholz\uff09\u8207\u5b89\u6258\u842c\u00b7\u5361\u7dad\u5c3c\u5967\uff08Antoine Cavigneaux\uff09\u5728\u591a\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u6b64\u6587\u672c\u5c0d\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u9054\u7c73\u4e9e\u672b\u4e16\u89c0\u5ff5\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f6f9cf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7f6f9cf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93f2f72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"93f2f72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u7814\u7a76\u53f2\u8207\u5f71\u97ff\u8108\u7d61<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83b2656 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"83b2656\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u300a\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u53f2\u8a69\u300b\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u59cb\u65bc1853\u5e74\u970d\u723e\u59c6\u8332\u5fb7\u00b7\u62c9\u85a9\u59c6(Hormuzd Rassam)\u5728\u5c3c\u5c3c\u5fae\u4e9e\u8ff0\u5df4\u5c3c\u62d4\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u7684\u767c\u6398\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6ce5\u677f\u96a8\u5f8c\u88ab\u904b\u5f80\u5927\u82f1\u535a\u7269\u9928\uff0c\u7531\u55ac\u6cbb\u00b7\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af(George Smith)\u9032\u884c\u91cb\u8b80\u3002<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u4ed6\u65bc1872\u5e7412\u67083\u65e5\u5728\u8056\u7d93\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u6703\u767c\u8868\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u300a\u6d2a\u6c34\u7684\u8fe6\u52d2\u5e95\u8a18\u8ff0\u300b\uff08&#8221;The Chaldean Account of the Deluge&#8221;\uff09\u7531\u300a\u6bcf\u65e5\u96fb\u8a0a\u5831\u300b\uff08Daily Telegraph\uff09\u90e8\u5206\u8cc7\u52a9\uff0c\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e9e\u8ff0\u5b78\u7684\u958b\u7aef\u3002<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u96a8\u5f8c\u524d\u5f80\u5c3c\u5c3c\u5fae\uff0c\u65bc1873\u5e74\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u88dc\u5168\u8a72\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u6b98\u7247\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u5275\u4e16\u8a18\u7684\u8fe6\u52d2\u5e95\u8a18\u8ff0\u300b\uff08&#8221;The Chaldean Account of Genesis&#8221;\uff0c1876\u5e74\uff09\u4f7f\u9019\u90e8\u53f2\u8a69\u5f97\u4ee5\u5ee3\u70ba\u4eba\u77e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>\u73fe\u4ee3\u7248\u672c\u5927\u591a\u4f9d\u5faa\u5b89\u5fb7\u9b6f\u00b7\u55ac\u6cbb\uff08Andrew George\uff092003\u5e74\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4e26\u8f14\u4ee5\u4f86\u81ea\u8607\u723e\u5766\u6cf0\u4f69\uff08Sultantepe\uff0c\u7531\u5091\u5f17\u91cc\u00b7\u8482\u52a0\u4f0a\u3014Jeffrey Tigay\u3015\u65bc1982\u5e74\u767c\u8868\uff09\u3001\u70cf\u52a0\u91cc\u7279\uff08Ugarit\uff0c\u7531\u4e39\u5c3c\u723e\u00b7\u963f\u723e\u8afe\u3014Daniel Arnaud\u3015\u65bc2007\u5e74\u767c\u8868\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u54c8\u5716\u6c99\uff08Hattusha\uff0c\u535a\u963f\u8328\u67ef\u4f0a\u3014Bogazk\u00f6y\u3015\uff0c\u542b\u8d6b\u68af\u8a9e\u8207\u80e1\u91cc\u8a9e\u8b6f\u672c\uff09\u7684\u65b0\u767c\u73fe\u6750\u6599\u3002<\/span><\/p><p>\u9019\u4e9b\u8de8\u5730\u57df\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u9019\u90e8\u53f2\u8a69\u5728\u516c\u5143\u524d\u4e8c\u5343\u5e74\u9593\u4ee5\u591a\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00\u5728\u8fd1\u6771\u5404\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u6d41\u50b3\uff0c\u7bc4\u570d\u5f9e\u9ece\u51e1\u7279\u4e00\u76f4\u5ef6\u4f38\u81f3\u5b89\u7d0d\u6258\u5229\u4e9e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u5f71\u97ff\u53f2\u7bc4\u570d\u5ee3\u6cdb\u3002\u5728\u8056\u7d93\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u81ea\u55ac\u6cbb\u00b7\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u300a\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u300b\u8207\u5e0c\u4f2f\u4f86\u8056\u7d93\u4e4b\u9593\u5e73\u884c\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u3002\u6cd5\u862d\u514b\u00b7\u6469\u723e\u00b7\u514b\u7f85\u65af\uff08Frank Moore Cross\uff09\u3001\u7d04\u7ff0\u00b7\u6234\uff08John Day\uff09\u8207\u5967\u7279\u99ac\u723e\u00b7\u57fa\u723e\uff08Othmar Keel\uff09\u90fd\u66fe\u5728\u6d2a\u6c34\u6558\u4e8b\u3001\u300a\u7d04\u4f2f\u8a18\u300b\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a\u8a69\u7bc7\u300b\u4e2d\u8fa8\u8b58\u51fa\u300a\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u300b\u7d20\u6750\u7684\u75d5\u8de1\u3002<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u6587\u5b78\u4e2d\uff0c\u840a\u7d0d\u00b7\u746a\u5229\u4e9e\u00b7\u91cc\u723e\u514b\uff08Rainer Maria Rilke\uff0c\u65bc\u66f8\u4fe1\u4e2d\uff09\u3001\u8c6a\u723e\u8d6b\u00b7\u8def\u6613\u65af\u00b7\u535a\u723e\u8d6b\u65af\uff08Jorge Luis Borges\uff0c\u65bc\u5c0f\u8aaa\u4e2d\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u00b7\u7f85\u65af\uff08Philip Roth\uff0c\u65bc\u300a\u53cd\u751f\u6d3b\u300b\uff08&#8221;The Counterlife&#8221;\uff09\u4e2d\uff09\u90fd\u66fe\u5c0d\u9019\u90e8\u53f2\u8a69\u6709\u6240\u56de\u61c9\u3002\u963f\u723e\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u8212\u7279\uff08Albert Schott\uff09\u8207\u6c83\u723e\u592b\u62c9\u59c6\u00b7\u99ae\u00b7\u7d22\u767b\uff08Wolfram von Soden\uff09\u7684\u5fb7\u8a9e\u8b6f\u672c\uff08\u96f7\u514b\u62c9\u59c6\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1958\u5e74\uff09\u78ba\u7acb\u4e86\u9019\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u5728\u5fb7\u8a9e\u5730\u5340\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64ddfd6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"64ddfd6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d322b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2d322b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\u8207\u5ef6\u4f38\u95b1\u8b80<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2699353 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2699353\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5e0c\u81d8\u8207\u7f85\u99ac\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u7d04\u516c\u5143\u524d800\u5e74\u81f3\u516c\u5143600\u5e74\" tabindex=\"0\">\u53e4\u4ee3<\/span>\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u8607\u7f8e\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u8a69\u6b4c\uff08\u300a\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u8207\u80e1\u74e6\u74e6\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u8207\u5929\u725b\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u4e4b\u6b7b\u300b\uff09\u3001\u53e4\u5df4\u6bd4\u502b\u6b98\u7247\u3001\u5341\u4e8c\u584a\u6ce5\u677f\u7684\u300a\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u53f2\u8a69\u300b\u6a19\u6e96\u7248\u672c\u3001\u4f86\u81ea\u54c8\u5716\u6c99\u7684\u8d6b\u68af\u8a9e\u8b6f\u672c\u3001\u4e9e\u8ff0\u5df4\u5c3c\u62d4\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u7684\u5c3c\u5c3c\u5fae\u6ce5\u677f\u3002<\/p>\n<ul><li><span data-nosnippet>\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u737b\uff1a\u5b89\u5fb7\u9b6f\u00b7\u55ac\u6cbb\uff08Andrew George\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u5df4\u6bd4\u502b\u5409\u723e\u4f3d\u7f8e\u4ec0\u53f2\u8a69\u300b\uff08&#8221;The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic&#8221;\uff09\uff0c\u725b\u6d25\uff0c2003\u5e74\u3002<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>\u7d22\u57fa\u723e\u00b7\u96c5\u5404\u5e03\u68ee\uff08Thorkild Jacobsen\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u9ed1\u6697\u7684\u5bf6\u85cf\u300b\uff08&#8221;The Treasures of Darkness&#8221;\uff09\uff0c\u7d10\u9ed1\u6587\uff0c1976\u5e74\u3002<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>\u8b93\u00b7\u535a\u6cf0\u7f85\uff08Jean Bott\u00e9ro\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u9054\u7c73\u4e9e\uff1a\u66f8\u5beb\u3001\u601d\u8fa8\u8207\u773e\u795e\u300b\uff08&#8221;Mesopotamia: Writing, Reasoning, and the Gods&#8221;\uff09\uff0c\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\uff0c1992\u5e74\u3002<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>\u66f4\u591a\u6a19\u6e96\u8457\u4f5c\u53c3\u898b<a 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