{"id":163454,"date":"2026-09-05T11:23:30","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T11:23:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=163454"},"modified":"2026-09-05T11:41:29","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T11:41:29","slug":"sethlans-etruskischer-gott-der-schmiede","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/zh-hant\/sethlans-etruskischer-gott-der-schmiede\/","title":{"rendered":"\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\uff08Sethlans\uff09\uff0d\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e\u935b\u9020\u8207\u706b\u4e4b\u795e"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"163454\" class=\"elementor elementor-163454 elementor-2612 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" 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elementor-size-default\">\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\uff08Sethlans\uff09\uff0d\u706b\u3001\u935b\u9020\u6280\u85dd\u8207\u5de5\u85dd\u4e4b\u795e<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\uff08Sethlans\uff09\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e\uff08etruskisch\uff09\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\u662f\u935b\u9020\u6280\u85dd\u3001\u706b\u8207\u5de5\u85dd\u4e4b\u795e\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u8d6b\u83f2\u65af\u6258\u65af\uff08Hephaistos\uff09\u8207\u7f85\u99ac\u7684\u4f0f\u723e\u574e\u52aa\u65af\uff08Vulcanus\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7368\u7279\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\u3002\u672c\u7bc7\u4ecb\u7d39\u4ed6\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" 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data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af(Sethlans)\u662f\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e(Etruscan)\u842c\u795e\u6bbf\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u795e\u7947\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u9435\u5320\u3001\u9752\u9285\u9444\u9020\u5de5\u3001\u9676\u5320\u4ee5\u53ca\u6240\u6709\u4ee5\u706b\u70ba\u696d\u7684\u5de5\u5320\u7684\u5b88\u8b77\u795e\u3002\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u9752\u9285\u5de5\u85dd\u4e2d\u2014\u2014\u9019\u9805\u5de5\u85dd\u5728<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5e0c\u81d8\u8207\u7f85\u99ac\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6642\u4ee3,\u7d04\u516c\u5143\u524d800\u5e74\u81f3\u516c\u5143600\u5e74\" tabindex=\"0\">\u53e4\u5178\u6642\u4ee3<\/span>\u5c6c\u65bc\u6700\u9ad8\u6c34\u6e96\u7684\u751f\u7522\u6210\u5c31\u4e4b\u4e00\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u7684\u5b88\u8b77\u5c24\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p><p>\u62c9\u91cc\u85a9\u00b7\u90a6\u51e1\u7279(Larissa Bonfante)\u5728\u300a\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u9752\u9285\u5668\u300b(Etruscan Bronzes)\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\u95e1\u8ff0\u4e86\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u8207\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u9752\u9285\u5de5\u85dd\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u3002\u8b93-\u52d2\u5167\u00b7\u96c5\u8afe(Jean-Rene Jannot)\u8207\u5357\u5e0c\u00b7\u6e6f\u59c6\u68ee\u00b7\u5fb7\u00b7\u683c\u9b6f\u8499\u5fb7(Nancy Thomson de Grummond)\u4e5f\u5728\u5176\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u7814\u7a76\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u8ad6\u53ca\u6b64\u795e\u3002<\/p><p>\u8eab\u70ba\u9435\u5320\u8207\u706b\u795e,\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u6240\u5c6c\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u9b45\u529b,\u5728\u65bc\u5176\u4ecb\u65bc\u5e0c\u81d8\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u4e16\u754c\u8207\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u7f85\u99ac\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u50b3\u7d71\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u7368\u7acb\u81ea\u6210\u4e00\u9ad4,\u4e43\u662f\u99ac\u897f\u83ab\u00b7\u5e15\u6d1b\u8482\u8afe(Massimo Pallottino)\u3001\u96c5\u514b\u00b7\u5384\u723e\u8ca2(Jacques Heurgon)\u3001\u897f\u6bd4\u723e\u00b7\u6d77\u6069\u65af(Sybille Haynes)\u3001\u6bdb\u7f85\u00b7\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u6cd5\u5c3c(Mauro Cristofani)\u8207\u55ac\u51e1\u5c3c\u00b7\u79d1\u9686\u7d0d(Giovanni Colonna)\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u7684\u7d50\u6676\u3002<\/p><p>\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u4f5c\u70ba\u8207\u706b\u76f8\u95dc\u5de5\u85dd\u7684\u660e\u78ba\u5b88\u8b77\u795e,\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5c0d\u67d0\u4e00\u5b97\u6559\u4e4b\u795e\u660e\u8207\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5b78<\/span>\u64c1\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7d50\u69cb\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u968e\u5c64\u8207\u8077\u80fd\u5206\u660e\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u67d0\u4e00\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u5168\u90e8\u795e\u7947\u7684\u7e3d\u7a31\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u842c\u795e\u6bbf<\/span>\u9ad4\u7cfb\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u90a3\u7a2e\u5c07\u5176\u8996\u70ba\u300c\u795e\u79d8\u300d\u6216\u300c\u7570\u8cea\u300d\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u4e26\u4e0d\u6e96\u78ba;\u9019\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\u4e00\u7a2e\u81ea\u6210\u4e00\u683c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/p><p>\u5f9e\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u8eab\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u695a\u770b\u51fa\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u89d2\u8272:\u4ed6\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u7279\u5fb5\u878d\u5408\u4e86\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u555f\u767c\u8207\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7368\u7279\u9762\u8c8c,\u4e26\u6301\u7e8c\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u7f85\u99ac\u5b97\u6559\u3002\u5728\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u4e0a,\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u6b63\u8655\u65bc\u5e0c\u81d8\u5f71\u97ff\u8207\u65b0\u8208\u7f85\u99ac\u5b97\u6559\u4e4b\u9593,\u9019\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f6e\u683c\u5916\u5f15\u767c\u5b78\u8853\u8208\u8da3\u3002<\/p><p>\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u904e\u53bb\u5e7e\u4e4e\u7e3d\u662f\u88ab\u8a6e\u91cb\u70ba\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7248\u7684\u8d6b\u83f2\u65af\u6258\u65af(Hephaistos)\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6c11\u65cf\u5b78\u7814\u7a76,\u5df2\u5c07\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u8a55\u50f9\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u81ea\u6210\u4e00\u9ad4\u3001\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u4e0a\u7368\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u9ad4\u7cfb,\u4e26\u4ee5\u66f4\u7d30\u7dfb\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u5148\u524d\u5c07\u5176\u8996\u70ba\u5e0c\u81d8\u5b97\u6559\u300c\u884d\u751f\u7269\u300d\u7684\u50be\u5411\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u540d\u7a31\u8207\u8a5e\u6e90<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af(Sethlans)\u4e4b\u540d\u898b\u65bc\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u93e1\u5b50\u8207\u9298\u6587\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u5176\u78ba\u5207\u7684\u8a5e\u6e90\u610f\u7fa9\u5c1a\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u91cd\u5efa\u3002\u8d6b\u723e\u7a46\u7279\u00b7\u91cc\u514b\u65af(Helmut Rix)\u7684\u300a\u5c0f\u8f2f\u672c\u300b(Editio Minor)\u8a18\u9304\u4e86\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6587\u737b\u8b49\u64da\u3002<\/p><p>\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u4e5f\u4ee5\u82e5\u5e72\u5225\u7a31\u51fa\u73fe,\u9019\u4e9b\u5225\u7a31\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6a19\u660e\u4e86\u4ed6\u5728\u5de5\u85dd\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8077\u80fd\u3002\u5b78\u754c\u66fe\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5176\u540d\u662f\u5426\u8207\u5317\u975e\u7684\u98a8\u66b4\u795e\u585e\u7279(Seth)\u6709\u95dc,\u4f46\u5c1a\u7121\u5b9a\u8ad6\u3002\u8f03\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u662f,\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u8a9e\u8a5e\u6e90\u3002<\/p><p>\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u4e4b\u540d\u96d6\u6709\u9298\u6587\u4f50\u8b49,\u4f46\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u8a9e\u672c\u8eab\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u8a9e\u7cfb\u4e0a\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00,\u6216\u5c6c\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u88ab\u63a8\u6e2c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u300c\u5716\u723e\u585e\u5c3c\u8a9e\u65cf\u300d(&#8220;tyrsenisch&#8221;)\u7684\u4e00\u652f,\u840a\u59c6\u8afe\u65af\u8a9e(Lemnisch)\u8207\u62c9\u57c3\u63d0\u4e9e\u8a9e(Raetisch)\u6216\u8a31\u4e5f\u5c6c\u65bc\u6b64\u8a9e\u65cf\u3002\u81ea19\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4f86,\u5b78\u754c\u4e00\u76f4\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u89e3\u8b80\u9019\u4e9b\u6587\u672c,\u4f46\u81f3\u4eca\u672a\u80fd\u5fb9\u5e95\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p><p>\u6709\u95dc\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u4e4b\u540d\u5728\u93e1\u5b50\u8207\u9298\u6587\u4e0a\u7684\u8b49\u64da,\u5747\u6536\u9304\u65bc\u8d6b\u723e\u7a46\u7279\u00b7\u91cc\u514b\u65af\u7684\u300a\u5c0f\u8f2f\u672c\u300b(Editio Minor)\u4e4b\u4e2d,\u9019\u662f\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u8a9e\u6587\u737b\u8a9e\u6599\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u6027\u9298\u6587\u5f59\u7de8\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u53e6\u6709\u300a\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u8a9e\u8a5e\u5eab\u300b(Thesaurus Linguae Etruscae)\u4ee5\u53ca\u7dda\u4e0a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eabETP(\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u6587\u672c\u8a08\u756b,Etruscan Texts Project)\u53ef\u4f9b\u67e5\u95b1\u3002<\/p><p>\u95dc\u65bc\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u8a5e\u6e90\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6,\u8207\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u8d77\u6e90\u9019\u4e00\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u554f\u984c\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u95dc\u3002\u5e0c\u7f85\u591a\u5fb7(Herodot)\u6307\u5176\u8d77\u6e90\u65bc\u5442\u5e95\u4e9e(Lydien),\u800c\u54c8\u5229\u5361\u7d0d\u7d22\u65af\u7684\u72c4\u5967\u5c3c\u4fee\u65af(Dionysios von Halikarnass)\u5247\u4e3b\u5f35\u5176\u70ba\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u672c\u571f\u8d77\u6e90\u3002\u9019\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\u610f\u7fa9\u91cd\u5927,\u56e0\u70ba\u8207\u5c0f\u4e9e\u7d30\u4e9e\u8af8\u5d07\u62dc\u4e4b\u9593\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u6b63\u7e6b\u65bc\u6b64\u3002<\/p><p>\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u8207\u9298\u6587\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7d50\u5408,\u5982\u4eca\u4e5f\u6df1\u6df1\u5f71\u97ff\u8457\u50cf\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u9019\u985e\u795e\u540d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002ETP(\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u6587\u672c\u8a08\u756b)\u4e2d\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u6587\u672c\u7684\u6578\u4f4d\u7248\u672c,\u5927\u5927\u4fc3\u9032\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f03\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u9032\u884c;\u746a\u9e97-\u6d1b\u6717\u7d72\u00b7\u54c8\u514b(Marie-Laurence Haack)\u8207\u6587\u68ee\u00b7\u82e5\u5229\u97cb(Vincent Jolivet)\u5728\u6b64\u9818\u57df\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u958b\u5275\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u63cf\u8ff0\u8207\u5716\u50cf\u5b78<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af(Sethlans)\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u85dd\u8853\u4e2d\u88ab\u63cf\u7e6a\u6210\u4e00\u4f4d\u7559\u9b0d\u9b1a\u7684\u7537\u5b50,\u624b\u6301\u5de5\u5177\u2014\u2014\u939a\u5b50\u3001\u9257\u5b50\u3001\u98a8\u7bb1\u3002\u6709\u6642\u4ed6\u88ab\u63cf\u7e6a\u6210\u8ddb\u8db3\u7684\u5f62\u8c61,\u9019\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u627f\u8972\u81ea\u5e0c\u81d8\u8d6b\u83f2\u65af\u6258\u65af(Hephaistos)\u50b3\u7d71(\u8d6b\u83f2\u65af\u6258\u65af\u88ab\u5b99\u65af\u5f9e\u5967\u6797\u5339\u65af\u5c71\u4e0a\u6454\u4e0b,\u81ea\u6b64\u8ddb\u8db3)\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u93e1\u5b50\u4e0a(\u516c\u5143\u524d4\/3\u4e16\u7d00)\u53ef\u898b\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u51fa\u73fe\u65bc\u795e\u8a71\u5834\u666f\u4e2d,\u5e38\u4f34\u6709\u9298\u6587\u8aaa\u660e\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u5834\u666f\u63cf\u7e6a\u4ed6\u5728\u58a8\u723e\u5a03(Menrva)\u5f9e\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e(Tinia)\u982d\u4e2d\u8a95\u751f\u6642\u64d4\u4efb\u52a9\u7522\u8005\u2014\u2014\u9019\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8\u795e\u8a71\u4e2d\u8d6b\u83f2\u65af\u6258\u65af\u5728\u96c5\u5178\u5a1c\u8a95\u751f\u6642\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u76f4\u63a5\u547c\u61c9\u3002<\/p><p>\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u4e3b\u8981\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u93e1\u5b50\u4e0a,\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u5c6c\u65bc\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u900f\u904e\u93e1\u5b50\u3001\u9676\u74f6\u3001\u5893\u846c\u7e6a\u756b\u548c\u9752\u9285\u5668\u6240\u50b3\u627f\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u3001\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u4e0a\u5167\u5bb9\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u907a\u5b58\u3002\u62c9\u9e97\u838e\u00b7\u90a6\u51e1\u7279(Larissa Bonfante)\u5728\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5c07\u9019\u7a2e\u5716\u50cf\u8a9e\u8a00\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u52a0\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a,\u800c\u975e\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u884d\u751f\u4e4b\u7269\u3002<\/p><p>\u96d6\u7136\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u4e3b\u8981\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u93e1\u5b50\u4e0a,\u4f46\u5854\u723e\u594e\u5c3c\u4e9e(Tarquinia)\u3001\u5207\u723e\u97cb\u6cf0\u91cc(Cerveteri)\u548c\u6b66\u723e\u5947(Vulci)\u7684\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5893\u846c\u7e6a\u756b\u4ecd\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u8207\u6b7b\u5f8c\u89c0\u5ff5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7b49\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5bb4\u98f2\u3001\u821e\u8e48\u8207\u97f3\u6a02\u5834\u666f\u4ee5\u53ca\u795e\u8a71\u60c5\u7bc0,\u5c55\u73fe\u51fa\u4f86\u4e16\u4f5c\u70ba\u751f\u547d\u5ef6\u7e8c\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002<\/p><p>\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u5728\u93e1\u5b50\u4e0a\u901a\u5e38\u51fa\u73fe\u65bc\u5834\u666f\u5f0f\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d,\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u58a8\u723e\u5a03\u8a95\u751f\u7684\u5834\u666f\u88e1,\u7531\u6b64\u878d\u5165\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u95dc\u65bc\u5716\u50cf\u5167\u5bb9\u53ca\u5176\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u5b78\u8aaa\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5716\u50cf\u5b78<\/span>\u4e4b\u4e2d,\u9019\u7a2e\u5716\u50cf\u5b78\u504f\u597d\u591a\u4eba\u7269\u5834\u666f\u3001\u6558\u4e8b\u95dc\u806f\u8207\u8c61\u5fb5\u6027\u6fc3\u7e2e\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5716\u50cf\u8a9e\u8a00\u6b63\u662f\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u5716\u50cf\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002<\/p><p>\u63cf\u7e6a\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u7684\u93e1\u5b50\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u72f9\u5c0f\u7a7a\u9593\u5167\u7d50\u5408\u591a\u91cd\u795e\u8a71\u95dc\u806f,\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5716\u50cf\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u7279\u5fb5:\u55ae\u4e00\u4f5c\u54c1\u53ef\u540c\u6642\u627f\u8f09\u773e\u591a\u6697\u793a\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u6558\u4e8b\u4e0a\u7684\u6fc3\u7e2e\u8981\u6c42\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u9032\u884c\u7d30\u7dfb\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u795e\u8a71\u6558\u4e8b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u95dc\u65bc\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af(Sethlans)\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u5927\u591a\u4f9d\u5faa\u5e0c\u81d8\u539f\u578b,\u540c\u6642\u5e36\u6709\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7279\u8272\u3002\u58a8\u723e\u5a03(Menrva)\u7684\u8a95\u751f\u3001\u963f\u8299\u7f85\u72c4\u5fd2\u8207\u8d6b\u83f2\u65af\u6258\u65af\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2,\u4ee5\u53ca\u70ba\u795e\u660e\u6253\u9020\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u935b\u9020\u5de5\u4f5c,\u90fd\u53ef\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5716\u50cf\u85dd\u8853\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u8b49\u64da\u3002<\/p><p>\u7279\u5c6c\u65bc\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u5247\u8b49\u64da\u8f03\u5c11\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u93e1\u5b50\u4e0a,\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u51fa\u73fe\u65bc\u6c92\u6709\u5e0c\u81d8\u539f\u578b\u7684\u5834\u666f\u4e2d\u2014\u2014\u9019\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u50b3\u7d71\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6539\u7de8\u6216\u539f\u5275\u3002<\/p><p>\u95dc\u65bc\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u6210\u6587\u7684\u795e\u8a71,\u56e0\u70ba\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4e00\u500b\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u6d41\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u8af8\u795e\u6558\u4e8b\u7684\u7e3d\u7a31\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u8a71\u5b78<\/span>\u4e26\u4e0d\u50cf\u5e0c\u81d8\u6216\u7f85\u99ac\u90a3\u6a23\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6574\u64b0\u5beb\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u6587\u672c\u50b3\u4e16\u3002\u5b83\u5fc5\u9808\u5f9e\u5716\u50cf\u8cc7\u6599\u3001\u9298\u6587\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e0c\u81d8\u7f85\u99ac\u7684\u9593\u63a5\u6587\u737b\u4e2d\u63a8\u6572\u91cd\u5efa,\u9019\u9700\u8981\u7279\u5225\u8b39\u614e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p><p>\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u8d6b\u83f2\u65af\u6258\u65af\u95dc\u4fc2\u5bc6\u5207,\u6e05\u695a\u5c55\u73fe\u51fa\u5169\u7a2e\u795e\u8a71\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e4b\u9593\u5c64\u6b21\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u3002\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u63a1\u7d0d\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u95dc\u65bc\u963f\u57fa\u91cc\u65af(Achilleus)\u3001\u5967\u5fb7\u4fee\u65af(Odysseus)\u6216\u4f0a\u5e95\u5e15\u65af(\u00d6dipus)\u7684\u5e0c\u81d8\u795e\u8a71,\u540c\u6642\u8ce6\u4e88\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7279\u8272\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u6539\u7de8\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u662f\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002<\/p><p>\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u93e1\u5b50\u4e0a\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u795e\u660e\u5171\u540c\u51fa\u73fe,\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u58a8\u723e\u5a03\u8a95\u751f\u6642\u64d4\u4efb\u52a9\u7522\u8005\u3002\u9019\u9ad4\u73fe\u51fa\u300c\u773e\u795e\u6703\u8b70\u300d(consensus deorum)\u9019\u4e00\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u95dc\u65bc\u795e\u660e\u53ca\u67d0\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u6027\u5b78\u8aaa\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5b78<\/span>\u7684\u5178\u578b\u5143\u7d20:\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e(Tinia)\u4e26\u975e\u7368\u81ea\u884c\u4e8b,\u800c\u662f\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u795e\u660e\u5546\u8b70\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u7279\u6b8a\u4e4b\u8655\u3002<\/p><p>\u5c0d\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u800c\u8a00\u540c\u6a23\u9069\u7528\u7684\u662f:\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u795e\u8a71\u50b3\u7d71\u4e26\u975e\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6574\u5c01\u9589\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u5f62\u5f0f\u6d41\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86,\u800c\u662f\u5fc5\u9808\u5f9e\u5716\u50cf\u5834\u666f\u3001\u9298\u6587\u8207\u9593\u63a5\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u91cd\u5efa\u3002\u4e00\u7a2e\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c07\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u9298\u6587\u8aaa\u660e\u3001\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u539f\u578b\u8207\u8108\u7d61\u6027\u89e3\u8b80\u76f8\u4e92\u7d50\u5408,\u9019\u9700\u8981\u7d30\u7dfb\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u8207\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u624b\u5de5\u85dd\u50b3\u7d71<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u624b\u5de5\u85dd\u6587\u5316\u5728<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5e0c\u81d8\u8207\u7f85\u99ac\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6642\u4ee3,\u7d04\u516c\u5143\u524d800\u5e74\u81f3\u516c\u5143600\u5e74\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u53e4\u4ee3<\/span>\u4eab\u6709\u5d07\u9ad8\u8072\u671b\u3002\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u9752\u9285\u5668\u3001\u9676\u5668\u4ee5\u53ca\u91d1\u9280\u5668\u5728\u6574\u500b\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u8207\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5730\u5340\u90fd\u6709\u4ea4\u6613\u6d41\u901a\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u767c\u9054\u7684\u624b\u5de5\u85dd\u50b3\u7d71\u5728\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af(Sethlans)\u8eab\u4e0a\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u5176\u5b97\u6559\u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u3002<\/p><p>\u5de5\u5320\u5011\u5c07\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u5949\u70ba\u5b88\u8b77\u795e,\u5411\u4ed6\u737b\u4e0a<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u737b\u7d66\u795e\u660e\u7684\u79ae\u7269,\u7528\u4ee5\u8868\u9054\u611f\u8b1d\u3001\u7948\u6c42\u6216\u5d07\u656c\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u796d\u54c1<\/span>,\u4e26\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5de5\u574a\u4e2d\u8a2d\u7acb\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u7684\u50cf\u3002\u5b97\u6559\u8207\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u5728\u6b64\u6e05\u6670\u53ef\u898b\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u7684\u5360\u535c\u9ad4\u7cfb\u2014\u2014\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b78\u8aaa(Disciplina Etrusca)\u2014\u2014\u7d50\u5408\u4e86\u5167\u81df\u5360\u535c(haruspicina)\u3001\u96f7\u96fb\u5360\u535c(fulguratio)\u8207\u98db\u9ce5\u5360\u535c(auspicia)\u3002\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u5c07\u5176\u50b3\u6388\u7d66\u7f85\u99ac\u4eba,\u5728\u7f85\u99ac\u76f4\u81f3\u516c\u51434\u4e16\u7d00\u4ecd\u70ba\u6d3b\u8e8d\u7684\u5be6\u8e10;\u897f\u585e\u7f85(Cicero)\u8207\u585e\u5167\u5361(Seneca)\u90fd\u5c0d\u6b64\u6709\u8a73\u76e1\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b78\u8aaa\u7684\u50b3\u627f\u662f\u5728\u5c08\u9580\u7684\u796d\u53f8\u5b78\u6821\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u7684,\u4f9d\u64da\u7684\u662f\u300a\u79ae\u5100\u4e4b\u66f8\u300b(Libri Rituales)\u3001\u300a\u5167\u81df\u5360\u535c\u4e4b\u66f8\u300b(Libri Haruspicini)\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a\u96f7\u96fb\u4e4b\u66f8\u300b(Libri Fulgurales)\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u5df2\u7d93\u5931\u50b3,\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u897f\u585e\u7f85\u3001\u8cbb\u65af\u5716\u65af(Festus)\u8207\u99ac\u514b\u7f85\u6bd4\u70cf\u65af(Macrobius)\u7684\u5f15\u8ff0\u90e8\u5206\u52a0\u4ee5\u91cd\u5efa\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5c0d\u67d0\u795e\u660e\u6216\u795e\u8056\u5f62\u8c61\u6240\u9032\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u5b97\u6559\u5d07\u656c\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u7e3d\u7a31\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5d07\u62dc<\/span>\u5177\u6709\u9bae\u660e\u7684\u57ce\u90a6\u5730\u57df\u6027\u3002\u7dad\u4f0a(Veji)\u2014\u2014\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u6b66\u723e\u5361(Vulca)\u7684\u51fa\u8eab\u5730,\u4e5f\u8207\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u5b88\u8b77\u4e0b\u7684\u9752\u9285\u85dd\u8853\u76f8\u95dc\u2014\u2014\u64c1\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5d07\u62dc,\u5854\u723e\u594e\u5c3c\u4e9e(Tarquinia)\u3001\u5207\u723e(Caere)\u3001\u6b66\u723e\u5947(Vulci)\u3001\u514b\u76e7\u897f\u59c6(Clusium)\u3001\u6c83\u723e\u897f\u5c3c\u4f0a(Volsinii)\u3001\u79d1\u723e\u6258\u7d0d(Cortona)\u3001\u4f69\u9b6f\u8cc8(Perugia)\u3001\u963f\u96f7\u4f50(Arezzo)\u3001\u6c83\u723e\u6cf0\u62c9(Volterra)\u3001\u6ce2\u666e\u6d1b\u5c3c\u4e9e(Populonia)\u8207\u7f85\u585e\u840a(Roselle)\u4ea6\u7136\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b78\u8aaa\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u9023\u8cab\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5360\u535c\u9ad4\u7cfb,\u5c6c\u65bc\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u5360\u535c\u5be6\u8e10\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5b83\u88ab\u7f85\u99ac\u4eba\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u5730\u627f\u8972,\u4e26\u4e00\u76f4\u5be6\u8e10\u81f3<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5e0c\u81d8\u8207\u7f85\u99ac\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6642\u4ee3,\u7d04\u516c\u5143\u524d800\u5e74\u81f3\u516c\u5143600\u5e74\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u53e4\u4ee3<\/span>\u665a\u671f,\u5c55\u73fe\u51fa\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u9817\u70ba\u986f\u8457\u7684\u5ef6\u7e8c\u6027\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u796d\u5100\u8207\u5100\u5f0f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af(Sethlans)\u5728\u5c08\u5c6c\u7684\u795e\u5edf\u8207\u796d\u7940\u5834\u6240\u53d7\u5230\u5d07\u62dc\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u51b6\u91d1\u696d\u767c\u9054\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u2014\u2014\u6ce2\u666e\u6d1b\u5c3c\u4e9e(Populonia)\u3001\u97cb\u5716\u6d1b\u5c3c\u4e9e(Vetulonia)\u3001\u6c83\u723e\u897f\u5c3c(Volsinii)\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5c0d\u67d0\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u6216\u795e\u8056\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5d07\u62dc\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u7e3d\u7a31\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5d07\u62dc<\/span>\u7279\u5225\u76db\u884c\u3002\u6ce2\u666e\u6d1b\u5c3c\u4e9e\u662f\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5730\u5340\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u51b6\u91d1\u57ce\u5e02,\u64c1\u6709\u4f86\u81ea\u5384\u723e\u5df4\u5cf6(Elba)\u7684\u9435\u7926\u958b\u63a1\u3002<\/p><p>\u796d\u5100\u5305\u62ec<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u737b\u7d66\u795e\u660e\u4ee5\u8868\u9054\u611f\u8b1d\u3001\u7948\u6c42\u6216\u5d07\u656c\u7684\u4f9b\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u737b\u796d<\/span>(\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8461\u8404\u9152\u3001\u9eb5\u5305\u53ca\u5c0f\u578b\u9752\u9285\u96d5\u50cf)\u3001\u7948\u79b1\u53ca\u4f5c\u574a\u5100\u5f0f\u3002\u958b\u8a2d\u65b0\u935b\u9020\u574a\u4e4b\u524d,\u4eba\u5011\u6703\u7948\u6c42\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u7684\u5e87\u8b77\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u7684\u795e\u5edf\u5efa\u7bc9\u7531\u9752\u9285\u9444\u9020\u5e2b\u8207\u5728\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u5e87\u8b77\u4e0b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5de5\u5320\u53c3\u8207\u5efa\u9020,\u9075\u5faa\u7368\u7279\u7684\u6258\u65af\u5361\u7d0d\u5f0f(Tuscanus)\u98a8\u683c,\u64c1\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u67f1\u5f0f,\u7dad\u7279\u9b6f\u5a01(Vitruv)\u5728\u300a\u5efa\u7bc9\u5341\u66f8\u300b(De Architectura)\u4e2d\u5c0d\u6b64\u6709\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5176\u5e73\u9762\u5716\u5f37\u8abf\u5167\u6bbf(Cella)\u8207\u5bec\u95ca\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u9580\u5eca,\u56e0\u800c\u660e\u986f\u6709\u5225\u65bc\u5e0c\u81d8\u7bc4\u4f8b\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u7528\u65bc\u5d07\u62dc\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5edf<\/span>\u5f80\u5f80\u898f\u6a21\u5b8f\u5049\u3002\u7f85\u99ac\u5361\u76ae\u6258\u5229\u6b50\u5c71(Capitolium)\u4e0a\u7684\u6731\u5e87\u7279<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u7528\u65bc\u5d07\u62dc\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5edf<\/span>\u7531\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u8207\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u8208\u5efa,\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u7dad\u4f0a(Veji)\u7684\u6c83\u723e\u5361(Vulca),\u5176\u4f5c\u54c1\u9ad4\u73fe\u4e86\u5728\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u5e87\u8b77\u4e0b\u8207\u706b\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5de5\u85dd;\u8a72\u5efa\u7bc9\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u65e9\u671f\u7f85\u99ac\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u898b\u8b49\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u806f\u76df\u7684\u5341\u4e8c\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u6bcf\u5e74\u5728\u6c83\u723e\u897f\u5c3c\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u8056\u5730(Fanum Voltumnae)\u96c6\u6703,\u5546\u8a0e\u5b97\u6559\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u4e8b\u52d9\u3002\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d(Voltumna)\u4f5c\u70ba\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u57ce\u90a6\u806f\u76df\u7684\u76df\u795e,\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u7528\u65bc\u5d07\u62dc\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5edf<\/span>\u5e38\u5efa\u65bc\u51dd\u7070\u5ca9\u5730\u57fa\u4e4b\u4e0a,\u4e0a\u90e8\u7d50\u69cb\u70ba\u6728\u9020,\u4e26\u4ee5\u9676\u74e6\u88dd\u98fe\u3002\u7dad\u4f0a\u51fa\u571f\u7684\u8457\u540d\u963f\u6ce2\u7f85\u96d5\u50cf\u51fa\u81ea\u6c83\u723e\u5361\u4e4b\u624b,\u5176\u4f5c\u54c1\u540c\u5c6c\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u5e87\u8b77\u4e0b\u8207\u706b\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5de5\u85dd,\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u9019\u4e00\u50b3\u7d71\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u8207\u5b97\u6559\u898b\u8b49\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u8b77\u8eab\u50b3\u7d71<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u5728\u8b77\u8eab\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d,\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u4e3b\u8981\u53d7\u5230\u5de5\u5320\u7684\u7948\u6c42\u3002\u51e1\u662f\u8207\u706b\u5171\u4e8b\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u6216\u5f9e\u4e8b\u6280\u8853\u8981\u6c42\u8f03\u9ad8\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba,\u90fd\u6703\u6c42\u52a9\u65bc\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u505a\u6cd5\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u4e0a\u9817\u5177\u610f\u7fa9:\u5b83\u986f\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u5982\u4f55\u5c07\u6280\u8853\u8207\u5de5\u85dd\u5be6\u8e10\u7d0d\u5165\u5b97\u6559\u6846\u67b6\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p><p>\u4eba\u5011\u4ee5<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u9a45\u90aa\u8f9f\u51f6:\u6307\u65e8\u5728\u963b\u64cb\u6709\u5bb3\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u7b26\u865f\u8207\u7269\u54c1\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u8f9f\u90aa<\/span>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7948\u6c42\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u9632\u7bc4\u706b\u707d\u5371\u96aa\u3002\u5de5\u5320\u8207\u624b\u5de5\u696d\u805a\u96c6\u5340\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u795e\u9f95\u4e2d,\u5e38\u898b\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u7684\u5c0f\u96d5\u50cf\u3002<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u8b77\u8eab\u7fd2\u4fd7\u5305\u542b\u773e\u591a\u8f9f\u90aa\u7b26\u865f:\u967d\u5177\u8b77\u8eab\u7b26\u3001\u86c7\u9aee\u5973\u602a(Gorgoneion)\u5716\u50cf\u3001\u773c\u5f62\u7b26\u865f\u3001\u8b77\u8eab\u7403(Bullae)\u4ee5\u53ca\u7279\u5b9a\u5492\u8a9e\u3002\u62c9\u91cc\u85a9\u00b7\u90a6\u8303\u7279(Larissa Bonfante)\u5728\u300a\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4e4b\u93e1\u300b(Etruscan Mirrors,1980\u5e74\u8d77)\u4e2d\u5c0d\u5176\u5716\u50cf\u8a9e\u8a00\u4f5c\u4e86\u8a73\u76e1\u8003\u5bdf\u3002<\/span><\/p><p>\u8af8\u5982\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u4e4b\u773c(Auge des Tinia)\u3001\u967d\u5177\u8b77\u8eab\u7b26\u8207\u86c7\u9aee\u5973\u602a\u5716\u50cf\u7b49\u8f9f\u90aa\u7b26\u865f,\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u5341\u5206\u666e\u904d\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u88dd\u98fe<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u7528\u65bc\u5d07\u62dc\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5edf<\/span>\u3001\u5893\u7a74\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u795e\u9f95\u53ca\u500b\u4eba\u7269\u54c1;\u7f85\u99ac\u53ca\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5730\u5340\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u666e\u904d\u6d41\u50b3\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u89c0\u5ff5\u8207\u7fd2\u4fd7\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u6c11\u9593\u4fe1\u4ef0<\/span>\u5ef6\u7e8c\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u505a\u6cd5\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u8a9e\u5883\u4e2d,\u8b77\u8eab\u7fd2\u4fd7\u8207\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u6559\u7fa9(Disciplina Etrusca)\u7dca\u5bc6\u76f8\u9023\u3002\u5728\u5efa\u57ce\u3001\u51fa\u5f81\u6216\u5efa\u5c4b\u7b49\u91cd\u5927\u884c\u52d5\u4e4b\u524d,\u4eba\u5011\u6703\u5fb5\u8a62\u5360\u535c\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d,\u8b77\u8eab\u50b3\u7d71\u8207\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u6559\u7fa9\u5bc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u3002\u8209\u884c\u8b77\u8eab\u5100\u5f0f\u7684\u4eba\u5f80\u5f80\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u6703\u8acb\u6559\u5360\u5167\u81df\u5e2b(Haruspex)\u6216\u5360\u9ce5\u5e2b(Augur)\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u6027\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u9817\u5177\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u795e\u8a71<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u5728\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u8d6b\u83f2\u65af\u6258\u65af(Hephaistos)\u8207\u7f85\u99ac\u7684\u4f0f\u723e\u574e\u52aa\u65af(Vulcanus)\u3002\u5f9e\u5b97\u6559\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b,\u4ed6\u9084\u53ef\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u935b\u9020\u795e\u76f8\u806f\u7e6b:\u57c3\u53ca\u7684\u666e\u5854(Ptah)\u3001\u5420\u9640\u7684\u7279\u74e6\u897f\u7279\u91cc(Tvashtri)\u3001\u82ac\u862d\u7684\u7dad\u90a3\u83ab\u4f9d\u5be7(Vainamoinen,\u5728\u935b\u9020\u795e\u8077\u80fd\u4e0a)\u4ee5\u53ca\u51f1\u723e\u7279\u7684\u9ad8\u5e03\u7d10(Goibniu)\u3002<\/p><p>\u8ddb\u8db3\u935b\u9020\u795e\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u4e0a\u9817\u5177\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u7c73\u723e\u6070\u00b7\u4f0a\u5229\u4e9e\u5fb7(Mircea Eliade)\u5728\u300a\u935b\u7210\u8207\u7194\u7210\u300b(<em>The Forge and the Crucible<\/em>,1956)\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\u5c0d\u6b64\u50b3\u7d71\u4f5c\u4e86\u7cfb\u7d71\u7814\u7a76,\u6307\u51fa\u8ddb\u8db3\u5f80\u5f80\u6e90\u81ea\u935b\u9020\u884c\u696d\u5165\u6703\u5100\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5165\u884c\u6bcd\u984c\u3002<\/p><p>\u7f85\u99ac\u5f0f\u8a6e\u91cb(interpretatio Romana)\u4ee5\u7f85\u99ac\u540d\u865f\u6539\u5beb\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u8af8\u795e:\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e(Tinia)\u88ab\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u6731\u5e87\u7279(Iupiter),\u70cf\u5c3c(Uni)\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u6731\u8afe(Iuno),\u9580\u723e\u74e6(Menrva)\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u5bc6\u6d85\u74e6(Minerva)\u3002\u9019\u985e\u7b49\u540c\u95dc\u4fc2\u5927\u591a\u662f\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u7684;\u8fd1\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u63a2\u8a0e\u7a76\u7adf\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u7368\u7279\u4e4b\u8655\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u8207\u5b89\u7d0d\u6258\u5229\u4e9e\u3001\u8153\u5c3c\u57fa\u53ca\u8fd1\u6771\u8af8\u50b3\u7d71\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u773e\u591a\u4ea4\u6703\u9ede\u3002\u76ae\u723e\u5409\u9298\u677f(Pyrgi-Tafeln)\u8b49\u5be6\u4e86\u8153\u5c3c\u57fa\u4eba\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4f5c\u7528;\u9019\u7a2e\u8de8\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u7684\u7db2\u7d61\u95dc\u4fc2\u662f\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u3002<\/p><p>\u5f9e\u5b97\u6559\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b,\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5c0d\u67d0\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u6216\u795e\u8056\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5d07\u62dc\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u7e3d\u7a31\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5d07\u62dc<\/span>\u5c6c\u65bc\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5b97\u6559\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206,\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8\u3001\u8153\u5c3c\u57fa\u3001\u57c3\u53ca\u3001\u5b89\u7d0d\u6258\u5229\u4e9e\u53ca\u62c9\u4e01\u59c6(Latium)\u5747\u6709\u806f\u7e6b\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u7db2\u7d61\u95dc\u4fc2\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u3002<\/p><p>\u5f9e\u5b97\u6559\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b,\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u8207\u773e\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u50b3\u7d71\u6709\u6240\u63a5\u89f8,\u4f46\u5b83\u81ea\u6210\u4e00\u9ad4,\u4e26\u975e\u50c5\u662f\u6df7\u5408\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u7368\u7acb\u6027\u6b63\u662f\u8fd1\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u73fe\u4ee3\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u767c\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u7576\u4ee3\u7814\u7a76<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\uff08Sethlans\uff09\u7814\u7a76\u5f97\u76ca\u65bc\u5c0d\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\uff08etruskisch\uff09\u5de5\u5320\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8a0e\u3002\u62c9\u91cc\u85a9\u00b7\u90a6\u51e1\u7279\uff08Larissa Bonfante\uff09\u3001\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u8d6b\u723e\u59c6\u00b7\u666e\u62c9\u6c38\uff08Friedhelm Prayon\uff09\u8207\u5b89\u5fb7\u70c8\u4e9e\u00b7\u5361\u7c73\u5229\uff08Andrea Camilli\uff09\u7686\u5c0d\u6b64\u505a\u51fa\u91cd\u8981\u8ca2\u737b\u3002<\/p><p>\u76f8\u95dc\u7814\u7a76\u5c07\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u5de5\u574a<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u900f\u904e\u7269\u8cea\u907a\u5b58\u7814\u7a76\u904e\u5f80\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u8003\u53e4\u5b78<\/span>\u8207\u6280\u8853\u53f2\u7d50\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u8de8\u5b78\u79d1\u8996\u89d2\u958b\u555f\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\u3002<\/p><p>\u5982\u4eca\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u570b\u969b\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7126\u9ede\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5305\u62ec\u4f5b\u7f85\u502b\u65af\u5927\u5b78\u3001\u7f85\u99ac\u7b2c\u4e00\u5927\u5b78\uff08Sapienza\uff09\u3001\u6bd4\u85a9\u5927\u5b78\u3001\u5716\u8cd3\u6839\u5927\u5b78\u8207\u666e\u6797\u65af\u9813\u5927\u5b78\uff1b\u6bcf\u5e74\u90fd\u6709\u591a\u5834\u570b\u969b\u5b78\u8853\u6703\u8b70\u63a2\u8a0e\u9019\u4e00\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5c64\u9762\u3002<\/p><p>\u6578\u4f4d\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u4eca\u4e3b\u5c0e\u8457\u6709\u95dc\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u570b\u969b\u7814\u7a76\u9805\u76ee\uff1a\u795e\u5edf\u8207\u5893\u7a74\u7684\u4e09\u7dad\u6383\u63cf\u3001\u9298\u6587\u8207\u5716\u50cf\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u805a\u843d\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u5730\u7406\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7cfb\u7d71\uff08GIS\uff09\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u7686\u5e36\u4f86\u65b0\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\u3002<\/p><p>\u7576\u524d\u7684\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u900f\u904e\u5c55\u89bd\u5411\u5927\u773e\u50b3\u64ad\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u68b5\u8482\u5ca1\u535a\u7269\u9928\u3001\u6731\u5229\u4e9e\u5225\u5885\u570b\u5bb6\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u535a\u7269\u9928\uff08Museo Nazionale Etrusco di Villa Giulia\uff09\u8207\u6ce2\u58eb\u9813\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\uff08Boston Museum of Fine Arts\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u9084\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u76f8\u95dc\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\u8207\u7814\u7a76\u73fe\u6cc1<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u6709\u95dc\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u7814\u7a76\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u662f\u5e36\u6709\u9298\u6587\u7684\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u9752\u9285\u93e1\u3001\u4f86\u81ea\u624b\u5de5\u696d\u5340\uff08\u6ce2\u666e\u6d1b\u5c3c\u4e9e\u3014Populonia\u3015\u3001\u97cb\u5716\u6d1b\u5c3c\u4e9e\u3014Vetulonia\u3015\uff09\u7684\u8003\u53e4\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u9298\u6587\u3002\u8d6b\u723e\u7a46\u7279\u00b7\u91cc\u514b\u65af\uff08Helmut Rix\uff09\u7684\u300a\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u9298\u6587\u5c0f\u8f2f\u300b\uff08<em>Editio Minor<\/em>\uff09\u532f\u7de8\u4e86\u76f8\u95dc\u9298\u6587\u6750\u6599\u3002<\/p><p>\u5c07\u5176\u7f6e\u65bc<a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/zh-hant\/etruscan-religion-haruspex-disciplina\/\">\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u53f2<\/a>\u6574\u9ad4\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u6df1\u5165\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u5728\u8207\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff08Tinia\uff09\u3001\u9580\u723e\u74e6\uff08Menrva\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u963f\u5716\u4e9e\uff08Atua\uff09\u8af8\u795e\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u7db2\u7d61\u4e2d\u61c9\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u95dc\u806f\u6027\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u4e0a\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p><p>\u6709\u95dc\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\u76f8\u7576\u591a\u5143\uff1a\u5305\u62ec\u8d6b\u723e\u7a46\u7279\u00b7\u91cc\u514b\u65af\u300a\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u9298\u6587\u5c0f\u8f2f\u300b\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u9298\u6587\u8b49\u64da\u3001\u8003\u53e4\u767c\u73fe\u3001\u5716\u50cf\u8cc7\u6599\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e8c\u6b21\u6587\u737b\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u591a\u5143\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u8981\u6c42\u63a1\u53d6\u8de8\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u5730\u7d50\u5408\u4e86\u8a9e\u6587\u5b78\u3001<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u900f\u904e\u7269\u8cea\u907a\u5b58\u7814\u7a76\u904e\u5f80\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u8003\u53e4\u5b78<\/span>\u3001<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f03\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u4e0d\u5e36\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7acb\u5834\u7814\u7a76\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5b97\u6559\u5b78<\/span>\u8207\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u9032\u884c\u6587\u737b\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u540c\u6642\u638c\u63e1\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8\u7f85\u99ac\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e8c\u6b21\u50b3\u8ff0\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u9019\u7a2e\u96d9\u91cd\u8996\u89d2\u8981\u6c42\u751a\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u65bc\u6070\u7576\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u91cd\u69cb\u800c\u8a00\u4ecd\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u3002<\/p><p>\u8981\u5c07\u5176\u6df1\u5165\u7f6e\u65bc\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u9808\u540c\u6642\u638c\u63e1\u9298\u6587\u3001\u8003\u53e4\u8207\u6587\u737b\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4e5f\u9808\u719f\u6089\u73fe\u4ee3<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f03\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u4e0d\u5e36\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7acb\u5834\u7814\u7a76\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5b97\u6559\u5b78<\/span>\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u591a\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u63a2\u8a0e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u7576\u4ee3\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u505a\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b0be0db e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2b0be0db\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp27aa6866 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp27aa6866\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u76ae\u4e9e\u7434\u5bdf\u9752\u9285\u809d\uff08Bronzeleber von Piacenza\uff09\u4e0a\u7684\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp272c8a3c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp272c8a3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b979ccf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2b979ccf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u7814\u7a76\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u795e\u754c\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u7814\u7a76\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u8cc7\u6599\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u76ae\u4e9e\u7434\u5bdf\u9752\u9285\u809d\u300d\uff08Bronzeleber von Piacenza\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u65bc1877\u5e74\u5728\u6ce2\u6cb3\u5e73\u539f\u51fa\u571f\u7684\u9752\u9285\u88fd\u7f8a\u809d\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p><p>\u9019\u4ef6\u6587\u7269\u73fe\u5b58\u65bc\u76ae\u4e9e\u7434\u5bdf\u5e02\u7acb\u535a\u7269\u9928\uff08Museo Civico\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u8868\u9762\u5206\u6210\u82e5\u5e72\u5340\u584a\uff0c\u908a\u7de3\u523b\u6709\u795e\u540d\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4f9b<em>haruspices<\/em>\uff08\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u89c0\u809d\u796d\u53f8\uff09\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u6216\u8f14\u52a9\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u796d\u53f8\u8a66\u5716\u5f9e\u737b\u796d\u7272\u755c\u809d\u81df\u7684\u5f62\u614b\u4e2d\u89e3\u8b80\u795e\u610f\u3002<\/p><p>\u9752\u9285\u809d\u4e0a\u51fa\u73fe\u4e00\u500b\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u5b78\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f<em>Cilens<\/em>\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e2d\u8207\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u76f8\u806f\u7e6b\uff1b\u4e0d\u904e\u500b\u5225\u5340\u584a\u7684\u78ba\u5207\u6b78\u5c6c\u8207\u91cb\u8b80\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8ab2\u984c\u3002<\/p><p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u4ef6\u6587\u7269\u5448\u73fe\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u5929\u7a7a\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u79e9\u5e8f\uff1a\u7279\u5b9a\u795e\u7947\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5929\u57df\uff0c\u800c\u796d\u7940\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u809d\u81df\u5fb5\u5146\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4fbf\u4f9d\u6b64\u79e9\u5e8f\u4f86\u5c0d\u61c9\u89e3\u8b80\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u706b\u8207\u935b\u9020\u4e4b\u795e\u7684\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7406\u61c9\u6709\u5176\u56fa\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p><p>\u9019\u4ef6\u9752\u9285\u809d\u5178\u578b\u5730\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b78\uff08Etruskologie\uff09\u5fc5\u9808\u4f9d\u8cf4\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u985e\u578b\u3002\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5957\u5b8c\u6574\u9023\u8cab\u7684\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u795e\u8a71\u6587\u737b\uff1b\u76f8\u95dc\u77e5\u8b58\u53ea\u80fd\u4f9d\u9760\u9298\u6587\u3001\u5716\u50cf\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u50cf\u9019\u4ef6\u796d\u7940\u5668\u7269\u4e4b\u985e\u7684\u7269\u8b49\u3002<\/p><p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u95dc\u65bc\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u5728\u795e\u754c\u4e2d\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u90fd\u53ea\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u96f6\u6563\u3001\u5f80\u5f80\u96e3\u4ee5\u89e3\u8b80\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u6240\u505a\u7684\u91cd\u69cb\u3002\u76ae\u4e9e\u7434\u5bdf\u9752\u9285\u809d\u6b63\u662f\u5c11\u6578\u80fd\u5920\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u8af8\u795e\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u6392\u5217\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5176\u500b\u5225\u89e3\u8b80\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u722d\u8b70\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2eb9f0e9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2eb9f0e9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c00c45e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2c00c45e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u8207\u97cb\u723e\u574e\u65af\uff08Velchans\uff09\uff1a\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u935b\u9020\u4e4b\u795e\u53ca\u5176\u8eab\u4efd\u8a8d\u5b9a<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c8a96c1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2c8a96c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp29d8a867 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp29d8a867\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u5c07\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u8d6b\u83f2\u65af\u6258\u65af\uff08Hephaistos\uff09\u8207\u7f85\u99ac\u7684\u4f0f\u723e\u574e\u52aa\u65af\uff08Vulcanus\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u5b78\u754c\u9817\u70ba\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u7a2e\u7b49\u540c\u4e5f\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u4e0a\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p><p>\u63d0\u53ca\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u8af8\u795e\u7684\u53e4\u4ee3\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u51fa\u81ea\u7f85\u99ac\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u7f85\u99ac\u4eba\u5f80\u5f80\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u5c07\u5916\u65cf\u795e\u7947\u5957\u5165\u5176\u719f\u6089\u7684\u7f85\u99ac\u6846\u67b6\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u6240\u8b02\u7684<em>\u89e3\u91cb\u6027\u5c0d\u61c9\uff08interpretatio\uff09<\/em>\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6df5\u6e90\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u63a9\u84cb\u4e86\u5169\u8005\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3002<\/p><p>\u652f\u6301\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u8eab\u70ba\u706b\u8207\u935b\u9020\u4e4b\u795e\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f86\u81ea\u5716\u50cf\u8b49\u64da\u3002\u5728\u516c\u5143\u524d\u56db\u4e16\u7d00\u8207\u4e09\u4e16\u7d00\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u9752\u9285\u93e1\u5716\u50cf\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\uff0c\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u5e36\u6709\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u6587\u5b57\u6a19\u6ce8\u795e\u540d\u7684\u5834\u666f\u3002<\/p><p>\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u93e1\u5b50\u4e0a\u523b\u756b\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u540d\u70ba\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u8207<em>\u9580\u723e\u74e6\uff08Menrva\uff09<\/em>\u5f9e<em>\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff08Tinia\uff09<\/em>\u982d\u4e2d\u8a95\u751f\u7684\u5834\u666f\u76f8\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5834\u666f\u53d6\u6750\u81ea\u5e0c\u81d8\u795e\u8a71\u4e2d\u96c5\u5178\u5a1c\u8a95\u751f\u7684\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u5373\u8d6b\u83f2\u65af\u6258\u65af\u5288\u958b\u982d\u9871\u7684\u60c5\u7bc0\u3002<\/p><p>\u6b64\u5916\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5373\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\u8207\u53e6\u4e00\u540d\u70ba<em>\u97cb\u723e\u574e\u65af\uff08Velchans\uff09<\/em>\u6216<em>\u97cb\u723e\u8d6b\uff08Velch\uff09<\/em>\u7684\u795e\u7947\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4e5f\u88ab\u8207\u706b\u6216\u935b\u9020\u9818\u57df\u76f8\u806f\u7e6b\u3002\u7a76\u7adf\u9019\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4f4d<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\u88ab\u5949\u70ba\u795e\u8056\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u7947<\/span>\u7684\u5169\u500b\u540d\u5b57\u3001\u662f\u5730\u5340\u6027\u7684\u8b8a\u9ad4\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u795e\u7947\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u5c1a\u7121\u5b9a\u8ad6\u3002<\/p><p>\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\u76f8\u7576\u5178\u578b\uff1a\u795e\u540d\u96d6\u6709\u8a18\u8f09\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u78ba\u5207\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\u8207\u8077\u80fd\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u80fd\u4f5c\u51fa\u5047\u8a2d\u6027\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u63cf\u7e6a\u585e\u7279\u862d\u65af\uff0c\u5b9c\u5c07\u5176\u8207\u8d6b\u83f2\u65af\u6258\u65af\u3001\u4f0f\u723e\u574e\u52aa\u65af\u7684\u7b49\u540c\u8996\u70ba\u5408\u7406\u4f46\u5c1a\u672a\u78ba\u8b49\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\uff08\u7cbe\u9078\uff09<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>\u62c9\u91cc\u85a9\u00b7\u90a6\u51e1\u7279(Larissa Bonfante):<em>Etruscan Bronzes<\/em><\/li><li>\u62c9\u91cc\u85a9\u00b7\u90a6\u51e1\u7279(Larissa Bonfante):<em>Etruscan Mythology<\/em>(2006)<\/li><li>\u8b93-\u52d2\u5167\u00b7\u96c5\u8afe(Jean-Rene Jannot):<em>Religion in Ancient Etruria<\/em>(2005)<\/li><li>\u7c73\u723e\u6070\u00b7\u4f0a\u5229\u4e9e\u5fb7(Mircea Eliade):<em>The Forge and the Crucible<\/em>(1956)<\/li><li>\u99ac\u897f\u83ab\u00b7\u5e15\u6d1b\u8482\u8afe(Massimo Pallottino):<em>Die Etrusker<\/em>(1942)<\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>\u8d6b\u723e\u7a46\u7279\u00b7\u91cc\u514b\u65af(Helmut Rix):<em>Etruscan Texts: Editio Minor<\/em>(1991)<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-sethlans e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-sethlans\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-sethlans-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-sethlans-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e(Etruscan)\u7684<em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4e00\u5247\u6d41\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u6558\u4e8b,\u8b1b\u8ff0\u8af8\u795e\u3001\u842c\u7269\u8d77\u6e90\u8207\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\" 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