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tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u7cfb<\/span>\u5728\u7b49\u7d1a\u8207\u8077\u80fd\u4e0a\u6709\u8457\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u8207\u4e00\u4e9b\u8f03\u65e9\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6697\u793a\u4e0d\u540c,\u9019\u500b<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u67d0\u4e00\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u795e\u7947\u7684\u7e3d\u7a31\u3002\" 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u540d\u7a31\u8207\u8a5e\u6e90<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u827e\u5854\u4e4b\u540d\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u54c8\u8fea\u65af\u6709\u89aa\u7de3\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u4e0a\u666e\u904d\u8a8d\u70ba,\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e\u8a9e\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u5f9e\u5e0c\u81d8\u8a9e\u501f\u7528\u800c\u4f86\u3002\u7570\u9ad4\u5f62\u5f0f\u827e\u4f0a\u5854(Eita)\u540c\u6a23\u6709\u53f2\u6599\u8a18\u8f09\u3002\u8d6b\u723e\u7a46\u7279\u00b7\u91cc\u514b\u65af(Helmut Rix)\u6240\u7de8\u7684\u300a\u5c0f\u7248\u672c\u300b(<em>Editio Minor<\/em>)\u8a18\u9304\u4e86\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u9298\u6587\u8b49\u64da\u3002<\/p><p>\u827e\u5854\u6709\u6642\u4e5f\u4ee5\u300c\u827e\u5854\u00b7\u5716\u5eab\u67e5\u300d(Aita Tuchulcha)\u9019\u4e00\u7a31\u865f\u51fa\u73fe,\u6697\u793a\u4ed6\u8207<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u5177\u6709\u6709\u5bb3\u6216\u77db\u76fe\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u9748\u6027\u5b58\u5728\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u60e1\u9748<\/span>\u5716\u5eab\u67e5(Tuchulcha)\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u806f\u7e6b\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u95dc\u806f\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u4e0a\u9817\u5177\u610f\u7fa9:\u5b83\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e\u51a5\u754c<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u95dc\u65bc\u67d0\u4e00\u5b97\u6559\u4e4b\u795e\u8207\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u6559\u7fa9\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5b78<\/span>\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u4e00\u5957\u7dca\u5bc6\u4ea4\u7e54\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u7db2\u7d61\u3002<\/p><p>\u827e\u5854\u4e4b\u540d\u53ca\u5176\u7570\u9ad4\u827e\u4f0a\u5854\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00,\u5728\u8a9e\u7cfb\u5206\u985e\u4e0a\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5b64\u7acb\u8a9e\u8a00,\u6216\u53ef\u6b78\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u5047\u8a2d\u6027\u7684\u300c\u7279\u723e\u585e\u5c3c\u8a9e\u300d(tyrsenisch)\u8a9e\u65cf,\u8a72\u8a9e\u65cf\u53ef\u80fd\u9084\u5305\u62ec\u840a\u59c6\u8afe\u65af\u8a9e\u8207\u96f7\u63d0\u4e9e\u8a9e\u3002\u81ea19\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4f86,\u9019\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u7684\u89e3\u8b80\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8ab2\u984c\u3002<\/p><p>\u827e\u5854\u53ca\u5176\u7570\u9ad4\u827e\u4f0a\u5854\u7684\u9298\u6587\u8b49\u64da\u898b\u65bc\u8d6b\u723e\u7a46\u7279\u00b7\u91cc\u514b\u65af\u6240\u7de8\u7684\u300a\u5c0f\u7248\u672c\u300b,\u9019\u662f\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e\u8a9e\u8a9e\u6599\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u5f59\u7de8\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u5f59\u7de8\u5982\u4eca\u5df2\u7531\u300a\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e\u8a9e\u8a5e\u5eab\u300b(Thesaurus Linguae Etruscae)\u8207\u7dda\u4e0a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eabETP(\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e\u6587\u672c\u9805\u76ee,Etruscan Texts Project)\u52a0\u4ee5\u64f4\u5145\u3002<\/p><p>\u827e\u5854\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e\u51a5\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d,\u4e5f\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e\u4eba\u8d77\u6e90\u9019\u4e00\u5c1a\u672a\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5e0c\u7f85\u591a\u5fb7(Herodot)\u5c07\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u8ffd\u6eaf\u81f3\u5442\u5e95\u4e9e,\u800c\u54c8\u5229\u5361\u7d0d\u7d22\u65af\u7684\u72c4\u5967\u5c3c\u4fee\u65af(Dionysios von Halikarnass)\u5247\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u672c\u571f\u5c45\u6c11\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u554f\u984c\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u6027,\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e\u5b97\u6559\u8207\u5c0f\u4e9e\u7d30\u4e9e\u5d07\u62dc\u4e4b\u9593\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u3002<\/p><p>\u5982\u4eca,\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u8207\u9298\u6587\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8cf4,\u800cETP(\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e\u6587\u672c\u9805\u76ee)\u4e2d\u7684\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e\u6587\u672c\u6578\u4f4d\u7248\u672c,\u5247\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u6bd4\u5c0d\u76f8\u95dc\u8b49\u64da,\u5305\u62ec\u827e\u5854\u8207\u827e\u4f0a\u5854\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u540d\u7a31\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u746a\u9e97-\u52de\u502b\u65af\u00b7\u54c8\u514b(Marie-Laurence Haack)\u8207\u6587\u68ee\u00b7\u55ac\u5229\u97cb(Vincent Jolivet)\u662f\u9019\u4e00\u9818\u57df\u5177\u6709\u958b\u5275\u6027\u8ca2\u737b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u63cf\u8ff0\u8207\u5716\u50cf\u5b78<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u963f\u4f0a\u5854(Aita)\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u85dd\u8853\u4e2d\u88ab\u63cf\u7e6a\u70ba\u4e00\u4f4d\u7559\u8457\u9b0d\u9b1a\u3001\u6c23\u5ea6\u5a01\u56b4\u7684\u7537\u6027\u5f62\u8c61,\u5e38\u6234\u8457\u72fc\u76ae\u5e3d(\u54c8\u5f97\u65af\u5e3d)\u6216\u624b\u6301\u6b0a\u6756\u3002\u72fc\u76ae\u5e3d\u662f\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7279\u6709\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u5143\u7d20,\u5728\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u54c8\u5f97\u65af\u5f62\u8c61\u4e2d\u4e26\u7121\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u4f8b\u8b49\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u5893\u5ba4\u58c1\u756b\u4e2d(\u5854\u723e\u594e\u5c3c\u4e9e(Tarquinia)\u7684\u300c\u5730\u7344\u4e4b\u5893\u300d(Tomba dell&#8217;Orco)),\u963f\u4f0a\u5854\u8207\u5176\u914d\u5076\u4f69\u723e\u897f\u666e\u5167(Persipnei)\u4e00\u540c\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u4ee4\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5834\u666f\u4e2d\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5716\u50cf\u662f\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u672b\u4e16\u8ad6\u6700\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u898b\u8b49\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p><p>\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u5967\u6797\u5339\u65af\u8af8\u795e,\u963f\u4f0a\u5854\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u85dd\u8853\u4e2d\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u8b49\u64da\u8f03\u70ba\u7a00\u5c11,\u4f46\u6b63\u56e0\u5982\u6b64\u66f4\u80fd\u986f\u73fe\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5716\u50cf\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u8c50\u5bcc\u6027,\u800c\u93e1\u5b50\u3001\u9676\u74f6\u3001\u5893\u5ba4\u58c1\u756b\u8207\u9752\u9285\u5668\u6b63\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u3002\u62c9\u91cc\u85a9\u00b7\u90a6\u8303\u7279(Larissa Bonfante)\u66fe\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8a55\u50f9\u9019\u5957\u5716\u50cf\u8a9e\u8a00,\u5c07\u5176\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u5957\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u50b3\u7d71,\u800c\u975e\u50c5\u662f\u884d\u751f\u81ea\u4ed6\u8005\u3002<\/p><p>\u963f\u4f0a\u5854\u662f\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5893\u5ba4\u58c1\u756b\u4e2d\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u4e4b\u4e00,\u800c\u5854\u723e\u594e\u5c3c\u4e9e\u3001\u5207\u723e\u97cb\u6cf0\u91cc(Cerveteri)\u8207\u6b66\u723e\u5947(Vulci)\u4e09\u5730\u7684\u5893\u5ba4\u58c1\u756b,\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u8207\u672b\u4e16\u8ad6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7b49\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\u3002\u756b\u4e2d\u7684\u5bb4\u98f2\u3001\u821e\u8e48\u8207\u97f3\u6a02\u5834\u666f,\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u7a2e\u795e\u8a71\u60c5\u7bc0,\u90fd\u5c07\u4f86\u4e16\u63cf\u7e6a\u70ba\u73fe\u4e16\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5ef6\u7e8c\u3002<\/p><p>\u963f\u4f0a\u5854\u5e38\u8207\u4f69\u723e\u897f\u666e\u5167\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u51a5\u754c\u5f62\u8c61\u4e00\u540c\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u5716\u50cf\u4e2d,\u9019\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u7814\u7a76\u5716\u50cf\u5167\u5bb9\u53ca\u5176\u610f\u6db5\u7684\u5b78\u554f\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5716\u50cf\u5b78(Ikonografie)<\/span>\u5c0d\u591a\u4eba\u7269\u5834\u666f\u3001\u6558\u4e8b\u95dc\u806f\u8207\u8c61\u5fb5\u6fc3\u7e2e\u7684\u504f\u597d\u3002\u9019\u5957\u5716\u50cf\u8a9e\u8a00\u6b63\u662f\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u5716\u50cf\u5b78\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002<\/p><p>\u963f\u4f0a\u5854\u6703\u8207\u4f69\u723e\u897f\u666e\u5167\u4ee5\u53ca\u5716\u5eab\u723e\u6070(Tuchulcha)\u7b49\u60e1\u9748\u4e00\u540c\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u5834\u666f\u4e2d,\u9019\u5df2\u5145\u5206\u8aaa\u660e\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5716\u50cf\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u6fc3\u7e2e\u7279\u6027:\u4e00\u9762\u93e1\u5b50\u6216\u4e00\u500b\u9676\u74f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u6642\u5305\u542b\u591a\u91cd\u795e\u8a71\u95dc\u806f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64,\u5b78\u754c\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u9019\u4e9b\u5716\u50cf\u6642,\u5fc5\u9808\u8b39\u614e\u5730\u7d50\u5408\u8a9e\u5883\u4f86\u89e3\u8b80\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u963f\u4f0a\u5854(Aita)\u8207\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u672b\u4e16\u8ad6<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u963f\u4f0a\u5854\u7d71\u6cbb\u8457\u51a5\u754c,\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u4e2d,\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7d50\u69cb\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u6b7b\u8005\u6b7b\u5f8c\u9032\u5165\u963f\u4f0a\u5854\u7684\u570b\u5ea6,\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u904e\u8457\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f71\u5b50\u822c\u7684\u5b58\u5728,\u4f46\u9019\u7a2e\u5b58\u5728\u4e26\u4e0d\u50cf\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u54c8\u5f97\u65af\u51a5\u754c\u90a3\u6a23\u5e36\u6709\u8ca0\u9762\u610f\u6db5\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u5893\u5ba4\u58c1\u756b\u63cf\u7e6a\u6b7b\u8005\u5bb4\u98f2\u3001\u821e\u8e48\u3001\u4ea4\u8ac7\u7684\u5834\u666f,\u5448\u73fe\u51fa\u4e00\u5e45\u76f8\u7576\u6109\u6085\u7684\u4f86\u4e16\u5716\u50cf\u3002<\/p><p>\u9019\u7a2e\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u672b\u4e16\u8ad6\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u4e0a\u9817\u503c\u5f97\u95dc\u6ce8,\u4e5f\u4f7f\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u50b3\u7d71\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8\u50b3\u7d71\u6709\u6240\u5340\u5225\u3002\u8b93\u8afe(Jannot)\u5728\u300a\u53e4\u4ee3\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u300b(<em>Religion in Ancient Etruria<\/em>)\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\u5df2\u95e1\u660e\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u5dee\u7570\u3002<\/p><p>\u76ee\u524d\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u6d41\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86\u95dc\u65bc\u963f\u4f0a\u5854\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6558\u4e8b,\u56e0\u70ba\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4e00\u500b\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u6d41\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u6240\u6709\u795e\u7947\u6558\u4e8b\u7684\u7e3d\u7a31\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u8a71(Mythologie)<\/span>\u4e26\u4e0d\u50cf\u5e0c\u81d8\u6216\u7f85\u99ac\u795e\u8a71\u90a3\u6a23\u64c1\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5b83\u5fc5\u9808\u5f9e\u5716\u50cf\u8cc7\u6599\u3001\u9298\u6587\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e0c\u81d8\u7f85\u99ac\u7684\u4e8c\u624b\u8a18\u8f09\u4e2d\u91cd\u5efa,\u9019\u9700\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8b39\u614e\u3002<\/p><p>\u963f\u4f0a\u5854\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u54c8\u5f97\u65af\u6709\u89aa\u7de3\u95dc\u4fc2,\u9019\u4e5f\u9ad4\u73fe\u4e86\u5169\u5957\u795e\u8a71\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e4b\u9593\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u95dc\u65bc\u963f\u57fa\u91cc\u65af(Achilleus)\u3001\u5967\u5fb7\u4fee\u65af(Odysseus)\u6216\u4f0a\u5e95\u5e15\u65af(\u00d6dipus)\u7684\u5e0c\u81d8\u984c\u6750,\u4f46\u8ce6\u4e88\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u6539\u7de8\u904e\u7a0b\u662f\u5b78\u754c\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002<\/p><p>\u963f\u4f0a\u5854\u7d71\u8f44\u8457\u51a5\u754c\u60e1\u9748\u5361\u9f8d(Charun)\u3001\u842c\u7279(Vanth)\u8207\u5716\u5eab\u723e\u6070,\u4f46\u5176\u884c\u4e8b\u4ecd\u9075\u5faa\u4e00\u500b\u666e\u904d\u9069\u7528\u7684\u795e\u5b78\u6a21\u5f0f:\u773e\u795e\u8b70\u6703(consensus deorum)\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e(Tinia)\u4e5f\u6703\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u795e\u7947\u5546\u8b70,\u800c\u975e\u7368\u81ea\u884c\u4e8b\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u7368\u7279\u4e4b\u8655\u3002<\/p><p>\u963f\u4f0a\u5854\u5728\u4f86\u4e16\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d,\u53ea\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u9593\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f\u63a8\u77e5,\u56e0\u70ba\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u795e\u8a71\u50b3\u7d71\u4e26\u975e\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6574\u6558\u4e8b\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6d41\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86,\u800c\u5fc5\u9808\u5f9e\u5716\u50cf\u5834\u666f\u3001\u9298\u6587\u8207\u4e8c\u624b\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u91cd\u5efa\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d,\u4e00\u7a2e\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5,\u662f\u7d50\u5408\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u984c\u9298\u3001\u5e0c\u81d8\u5716\u50cf\u539f\u578b\u4ee5\u53ca\u8a9e\u5883\u89e3\u8b80\u4e09\u8005\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u795e\u8a71\u6558\u4e8b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u95dc\u65bc\u963f\u4f0a\u5854\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u5f80\u5f80\u627f\u8972\u5e0c\u81d8\u539f\u578b,\u4f46\u5e36\u6709\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5074\u91cd\u3002\u73ee\u8033\u585e\u798f\u6d85(Persephone)\u88ab\u52ab\u63a0\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u93e1\u5b50\u4e0a\u6709\u6240\u8a18\u8f09,\u5176\u4e2d\u4f69\u723e\u897f\u666e\u5167\u4ee5\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7248\u73ee\u8033\u585e\u798f\u6d85\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u51fa\u73fe,\u963f\u4f0a\u5854\u5247\u5c0d\u61c9\u54c8\u5f97\u65af\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u6539\u7de8\u65e2\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u5f71\u97ff,\u4e5f\u5c55\u73fe\u51fa\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7279\u8272\u3002<\/p><p>\u300c\u5730\u7344\u4e4b\u5893\u300d\u7684\u58c1\u756b\u5247\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u50b3\u7d71,\u756b\u4e2d\u963f\u4f0a\u5854\u8207\u4f69\u723e\u897f\u666e\u5167\u5728\u4f86\u4e16\u4e2d,\u8207\u773e\u591a\u795e\u7947\u5171\u540c\u51fa\u73fe\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u795e\u754c\u7fa4\u50cf\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u5834\u666f\u4e26\u7121\u5e0c\u81d8\u539f\u578b\u53ef\u5faa,\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5275\u4f5c\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5360\u535c\u8853(Disciplina Etrusca)\u662f\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u7684\u5360\u535c\u9ad4\u7cfb,\u5305\u62ec\u5167\u81df\u5360\u535c(haruspicina)\u3001\u9583\u96fb\u5360\u535c(fulguratio)\u8207\u89c0\u9ce5\u5360\u535c(auspicia)\u3002\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u5c07\u6b64\u9ad4\u7cfb\u50b3\u6388\u7d66\u7f85\u99ac\u4eba,\u7f85\u99ac\u4eba\u4e00\u76f4\u6cbf\u7528\u81f3\u897f\u51434\u4e16\u7d00;\u897f\u585e\u7f85(Cicero)\u8207\u585e\u5167\u5361(Seneca)\u90fd\u66fe\u5c0d\u5176\u8a73\u52a0\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5360\u535c\u8853\u662f\u5728\u5c08\u9580\u7684\u796d\u53f8\u5b78\u6821\u4e2d\u50b3\u6388\u7684,\u5176\u57fa\u790e\u6587\u737b\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u5100\u5f0f\u4e4b\u66f8\u300b(Libri Rituales)\u3001\u300a\u5167\u81df\u5360\u535c\u4e4b\u66f8\u300b(Libri Haruspicini)\u8207\u300a\u9583\u96fb\u5360\u535c\u4e4b\u66f8\u300b(Libri Fulgurales)\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6587\u737b\u672c\u8eab\u5df2\u7d93\u5931\u50b3,\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u897f\u585e\u7f85\u3001\u8cbb\u65af\u5716\u65af(Festus)\u8207\u99ac\u514b\u7f85\u6bd4\u70cf\u65af(Macrobius)\u7b49\u7f85\u99ac\u6587\u737b\u7684\u5f15\u7528,\u90e8\u5206\u5167\u5bb9\u4ecd\u53ef\u52a0\u4ee5\u91cd\u5efa\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5c0d\u67d0\u4f4d\u795e\u7947\u6216\u795e\u8056\u5f62\u8c61\u6240\u9032\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u5b97\u6559\u5d07\u62dc\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u7e3d\u7a31\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u796d\u7940\u6d3b\u52d5(Kult)<\/span>\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4ee5\u57ce\u5e02\u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d\u7d44\u7e54\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u90fd\u7dad\u8b77\u81ea\u5df1\u7368\u7279\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u796d\u7940\u8207\u5b97\u6559\u7279\u8272,\u4f8b\u5982\u5854\u723e\u594e\u5c3c\u4e9e\u3001\u51f1\u96f7(Caere)\u3001\u6b66\u723e\u5947\u3001\u7dad\u4f0a(Veji)\u3001\u514b\u76e7\u897f\u59c6(Clusium)\u3001\u6c83\u723e\u897f\u5c3c(Volsinii)\u3001\u79d1\u723e\u6258\u7d0d(Cortona)\u3001\u4f69\u9b6f\u8cc8(Perugia)\u3001\u963f\u96f7\u4f50(Arezzo)\u3001\u6c83\u723e\u7279\u62c9(Volterra)\u3001\u6ce2\u666e\u6d1b\u5c3c\u4e9e(Populonia)\u8207\u7f85\u585e\u840a(Roselle),\u800c\u963f\u4f0a\u5854\u7684\u570b\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4ee5\u5716\u50cf\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5893\u7a74\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u5957\u5b8c\u6574\u800c\u5c01\u9589\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5360\u535c\u9ad4\u7cfb,\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5360\u535c\u8853\u5c6c\u65bc\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u5360\u535c\u5be6\u8e10\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u7f85\u99ac\u4eba\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\u5730\u627f\u8972\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u9ad4\u7cfb,\u4e26\u5c07\u5176\u5ef6\u7e8c\u65bd\u884c\u81f3<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5e0c\u81d8\u8207\u7f85\u99ac\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6642\u4ee3,\u7d04\u81ea\u897f\u5143\u524d800\u5e74\u81f3\u897f\u5143600\u5e74\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u53e4\u4ee3(Antike)<\/span>\u665a\u671f,\u9019\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u5ef6\u7e8c\u6027\u73fe\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u796d\u5100\u8207\u5100\u5f0f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u963f\u4f0a\u5854\uff08Aita\uff09\u5982\u540c\u6240\u6709\u5730\u5e9c\u795e\u7947\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u5728\u516c\u958b\u7684\u795e\u5edf\u4e2d\u53d7\u4eba\u4f9b\u5949\u3002\u7942\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5c0d\u67d0\u4e00\u795e\u7947\u6216\u795e\u8056\u4eba\u7269\u6240\u9032\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u5b97\u6559\u5d07\u62dc\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u7e3d\u7a31\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5d07\u62dc<\/span>\u4e3b\u8981\u6d3b\u8e8d\u65bc\u5893\u846c\u9818\u57df\uff1a\u55aa\u846c\u5100\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6703\u8aa6\u5ff5\u963f\u4f0a\u5854\u5492\u8a9e\uff0c\u963f\u4f0a\u5854\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u4e5f\u88dd\u98fe\u8457\u5893\u5ba4\u8207\u77f3\u68fa\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u7279\u6709\u7684\u5100\u5f0f\u5305\u62ec\u5411\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u901a\u5f80\u5730\u5e9c\u5165\u53e3\u7684\u4e95\u6cc9\u737b\u796d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u5893\u4e2d\u653e\u5165\u7279\u5b9a\u7269\u54c1\u4f5c\u70ba\u737b\u7d66\u963f\u4f0a\u5854\u7684\u79ae\u7269\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u7528\u65bc\u4f9b\u5949\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u7947\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5edf<\/span>\u5728\u5efa\u7bc9\u4e0a\u7368\u5177\u4e00\u683c\uff1a\u6258\u65af\u574e\u67f1\u5f0f\uff08Tuscanus-Stil\uff09\u81ea\u6210\u4e00\u5957\u67f1\u5f0f\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u7dad\u7279\u9b6f\u5a01\uff08Vitruv\uff09\u5728\u5176\u300a\u5efa\u7bc9\u5341\u66f8\u300b\uff08De Architectura\uff09\u4e2d\u5c0d\u6b64\u6709\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5176\u5e73\u9762\u683c\u5c40\u7279\u5225\u5f37\u8abf\u5167\u6bbf\uff08Cella\uff09\u8207\u5bec\u95ca\u7684\u524d\u5eca\uff0c\u9019\u4f7f\u5176\u660e\u986f\u6709\u5225\u65bc\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u539f\u578b\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u7528\u65bc\u4f9b\u5949\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u7947\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5edf<\/span>\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5b8f\u5049\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u3002\u4f4d\u65bc\u7f85\u99ac\u5361\u76ae\u6258\u5229\u6b50\u5c71\uff08Capitolium\uff09\u4e0a\u7684\u6731\u5e87\u7279\uff08Iuppiter\uff09<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u7528\u65bc\u4f9b\u5949\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u7947\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5edf<\/span>\uff0c\u7531\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u8207\u5de5\u5320\u8208\u5efa\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u51fa\u81ea\u7dad\u4f0a\uff08Veji\uff09\u7684\u6b66\u723e\u5361\uff08Vulca\uff09\u4e4b\u624b\uff0c\u898b\u8b49\u4e86\u65e9\u671f\u7f85\u99ac\u4e2d\u7684\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u806f\u76df\u7531\u5341\u4e8c\u500b\u57ce\u90a6\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u65bc\u6c83\u723e\u897f\u5c3c\uff08Volsinii\uff09\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u8056\u5730\uff08Fanum Voltumnae\uff09\u8209\u884c\u5b97\u6559\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u96c6\u6703\u3002\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\uff08Voltumna\uff09\u662f\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u57ce\u90a6\u806f\u76df\u7684\u5b88\u8b77\u795e\uff0c\u64c1\u6709\u8d85\u8d8a\u5176\u4ed6\u795e\u7947\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u7528\u65bc\u4f9b\u5949\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u7947\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5edf<\/span>\u591a\u5efa\u65bc\u51dd\u7070\u5ca9\u5730\u57fa\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0a\u90e8\u7d50\u69cb\u4ee5\u6728\u6750\u69cb\u7bc9\uff0c\u4e26\u98fe\u6709\u9676\u571f\u88dd\u98fe\u3002\u6b66\u723e\u5361\u4e4b\u624b\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u7dad\u4f0a\u963f\u6ce2\u7f85\uff08Apollon\uff09\u96d5\u50cf\uff0c\u662f\u9019\u4e00\u50b3\u7d71\u4e2d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u8207\u5b97\u6559\u898b\u8b49\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u8b77\u8eab\u50b3\u7d71<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u963f\u4f0a\u5854\u5728\u5b88\u8b77\u8a9e\u5883\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5728\u54c0\u60bc\u8207\u55aa\u846c\u5834\u5408\u4e2d\u88ab\u7948\u6c42\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002\u8207\u5967\u6797\u5339\u65af\u773e\u795e\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u7942\u4e26\u975e\u7a4d\u6975\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u5b88\u8b77\u795e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u53d7\u4eba\u656c\u754f\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u61c9\u907f\u514d\u904e\u65e9\u9032\u5165\u5176\u9818\u57df\u3002<\/p><p>\u9a45\u90aa\u907f\u51f6\u7684\u4f5c\u6cd5\u65e8\u5728\u9632\u6b62\u904e\u65e9\u300c\u5954\u8d74\u5730\u5e9c\u300d\uff1a\u5305\u62ec\u5065\u5eb7\u7948\u798f\u5100\u5f0f\u3001\u9632\u8b77\u5492\u8a9e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f69\u6234\u7279\u5b9a\u8b77\u8eab\u7b26\u3002<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u8b77\u8eab\u50b3\u7d71\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u9a45\u90aa\u907f\u51f6\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\u7b26\u865f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u967d\u5177\u8b77\u8eab\u7b26\u3001\u86c7\u9aee\u5973\u5996\uff08Gorgoneion\uff09\u5716\u50cf\u3001\u773c\u5f62\u7b26\u865f\u3001\u7403\u5f62\u8b77\u8eab\u7b26\uff08Bullae\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u7279\u5b9a\u5492\u8a9e\u3002\u62c9\u91cc\u85a9\u00b7\u90a6\u51e1\u7279\uff08Larissa Bonfante\uff09\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4e4b\u93e1\u300b\uff08Etruscan Mirrors\uff0c1980\u5e74\u8d77\uff09\u4e2d\u5c0d\u5176\u5716\u50cf\u8a9e\u8a00\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/p><p>\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u4e4b\u773c\uff08Auge des Tinia\uff09\u3001\u967d\u5177\u8b77\u8eab\u7b26\u4ee5\u53ca\u86c7\u9aee\u5973\u5996\u5716\u50cf\u7b49\u9a45\u90aa\u7b26\u865f\u6975\u70ba\u666e\u904d\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u88dd\u98fe\u8457<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u7528\u65bc\u4f9b\u5949\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u7947\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5edf<\/span>\u3001\u5893\u846c\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u795e\u9f95\u4ee5\u53ca\u500b\u4eba\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e00\u50b3\u7d71\u5728\u7f85\u99ac\u53ca\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5730\u5340\u7684\u6c11\u9593\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e2d\u5f97\u4ee5\u5ef6\u7e8c\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u8a9e\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u9632\u8b77\u4f5c\u6cd5\u8207\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u6559\u7fa9\uff08Disciplina Etrusca\uff09\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u9023\u3002\u5728\u63a1\u53d6\u4efb\u4f55\u91cd\u5927\u884c\u52d5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5efa\u57ce\u3001\u51fa\u5f81\u6216\u5efa\u5c4b\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u90fd\u6703\u5148\u89c0\u5bdf\u5fb5\u5146\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\uff0c\u9632\u8b77\u50b3\u7d71\u8207\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u6559\u7fa9\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u95dc\u3002\u8209\u884c\u9632\u8b77\u5100\u5f0f\u7684\u4eba\u5f80\u5f80\u540c\u6642\u6703\u8acb\u6559\u5360\u535c\u5e2b\uff08Haruspex\uff09\u6216\u5360\u9ce5\u5b98\uff08Augur\uff09\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u4e0a\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5176\u7279\u5fb5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u795e\u8a71<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u963f\u4f0a\u5854\u5728\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u5c0d\u61c9\u65bc\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u54c8\u5f97\u65af\uff08Hades\uff09\u3001\u7f85\u99ac\u7684\u666e\u9b6f\u6258\uff08Pluto\uff09\u8207\u72c4\u65af\u795e\u7236\uff08Dis Pater\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u9054\u7c73\u4e9e\u7684\u5167\u723e\u683c\u723e\uff08Nergal\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u64c1\u6709\u4e00\u540d\u88ab\u52ab\u8d70\u59bb\u5b50\u7684\u7537\u6027\u5730\u5e9c\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u5728\u53e4\u4ee3\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5730\u5340\u76f8\u7576\u666e\u904d\u3002<\/p><p>\u5f9e\u5b97\u6559\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u5c0d\u4f86\u4e16\u6301\u6709\u300c\u6b63\u9762\u300d\u7684\u5074\u91cd\uff0c\u9019\u5728\u5e0c\u81d8\u50b3\u7d71\u4e2d\u8f03\u70ba\u7f55\u898b\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u5ff5\u6216\u8a31\u4ee5\u9593\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c0d\u5f8c\u4f86\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u300c\u5929\u5802\u300d\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u6709\u6240\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p><p>\u96a8\u8457\u7f85\u99ac\u5f0f\u8a6e\u91cb\uff08interpretatio Romana\uff09\u7684\u5c55\u958b\uff0c\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u8af8\u795e\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u7f85\u99ac\u540d\u7a31\uff1a\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff08Tinia\uff09\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u6731\u5e87\u7279\uff08Iupiter\uff09\uff0c\u70cf\u5c3c\uff08Uni\uff09\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u6731\u8afe\uff08Iuno\uff09\uff0c\u9580\u723e\u74e6\uff08Menrva\uff09\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u5bc6\u6d85\u74e6\uff08Minerva\uff09\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5c0d\u61c9\u591a\u662f\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u4e14\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\uff0c\u904e\u53bb\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u91d0\u6e05\u54ea\u4e9b\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7279\u6709\u7684\u6210\u5206\u5f97\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u8207\u5b89\u7d0d\u6258\u5229\u4e9e\u3001\u8153\u5c3c\u57fa\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd1\u6771\u50b3\u7d71\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u8af8\u591a\u806f\u7e6b\u3002\u76ae\u723e\u5409\u9298\u677f\uff08Pyrgi-Tafeln\uff09\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u8153\u5c3c\u57fa\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u8de8\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u7684\u7db2\u7d61\u95dc\u4fc2\u662f\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p><p>\u5f9e\u5b97\u6559\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5c0d\u67d0\u4e00\u795e\u7947\u6216\u795e\u8056\u4eba\u7269\u6240\u9032\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u5b97\u6559\u5d07\u62dc\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u7e3d\u7a31\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5d07\u62dc<\/span>\u878d\u5165\u4e86\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5b97\u6559\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8\u3001\u8153\u5c3c\u57fa\u3001\u57c3\u53ca\u3001\u5b89\u7d0d\u6258\u5229\u4e9e\u53ca\u62c9\u4e01\u59c6\u5730\u5340\u7686\u6709\u95dc\u806f\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u7db2\u7d61\u95dc\u4fc2\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u7576\u4ee3\u7814\u7a76<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u65b0\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u5893\u5ba4\u58c1\u756b\u8207\u77f3\u68fa\u7684\u6574\u7406\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u963f\u4f0a\u5854\u7814\u7a76\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u9032\u5c55\u3002\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u65bd\u6cf0\u56e0\u683c\u96f7\u4f2f\uff08Stephan Steingr\u00e4ber\uff09\u3001\u62c9\u91cc\u85a9\u00b7\u90a6\u51e1\u7279\uff08Larissa Bonfante\uff09\u8207\u79d1\u59ae\u8389\u4e9e\u00b7\u97cb\u4f2f\uff0d\u840a\u66fc\uff08Cornelia Weber-Lehmann\uff09\u7686\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u8ca2\u737b\u3002<\/p><p>\u7814\u7a76\u63a2\u8a0e\u5e0c\u81d8\u54c8\u5f97\u65af\u50b3\u7d71\u8207\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u963f\u4f0a\u5854\u7368\u7acb\u7279\u8272\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u5716\u50cf\u8207\u6558\u4e8b\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u662f\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7368\u7279\u98a8\u683c\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u8b49\u64da\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u5982\u4eca\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u9805\u570b\u969b\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8ab2\u984c\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5305\u62ec\u4f5b\u7f85\u502b\u65af\u5927\u5b78\u3001\u7f85\u99ac\u667a\u6167\u5927\u5b78\uff08Sapienza\uff09\u3001\u6bd4\u85a9\u5927\u5b78\u3001\u5716\u8cd3\u6839\u5927\u5b78\u8207\u666e\u6797\u65af\u9813\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u4e5f\u6709\u591a\u5834\u570b\u969b\u6703\u8b70\u805a\u7126\u65bc\u500b\u5225\u8b70\u984c\u3002<\/p><p>\u7576\u4eca\u91dd\u5c0d\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u570b\u969b\u7814\u7a76\u9805\u76ee\u63a1\u7528\u4e86\u6578\u4f4d\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u5c0d\u795e\u5edf\u8207\u5893\u846c\u9032\u884c\u4e09\u7dad\u6383\u63cf\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u9298\u6587\u8207\u5716\u50cf\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u904b\u7528\u5730\u7406\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7cfb\u7d71\uff08GIS\uff09\u5206\u6790\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u805a\u843d\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u958b\u555f\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p><p>\u7576\u4eca\u7684\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7814\u7a76\u900f\u904e\u5404\u985e\u5c55\u89bd\u89f8\u53ca\u5927\u773e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u68b5\u8482\u5ca1\u535a\u7269\u9928\u3001\u6731\u8389\u4e9e\u5225\u5885\u570b\u7acb\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u535a\u7269\u9928\uff08Museo Nazionale Etrusco di Villa Giulia\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u6ce2\u58eb\u9813\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\uff08Boston Museum of Fine Arts\uff09\u6240\u8209\u8fa6\u7684\u5c55\u89bd\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u4e5f\u900f\u904e\u5927\u91cf\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u5ee3\u70ba\u50b3\u64ad\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\u8207\u7814\u7a76\u73fe\u6cc1<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u963f\u4f0a\u5854\uff08Aita\uff09\u7814\u7a76\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\u5305\u62ec\u5854\u723e\u594e\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff08Tarquinia\uff09\u7684\u300c\u5730\u7344\u4e4b\u5893\u300d\uff08Tomba dell&#8217;Orco\uff09\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u5893\u5ba4\u58c1\u756b\u3001\u5e36\u6709\u9298\u6587\u7684\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\uff08Etruscan\uff09\u93e1\u5b50\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u985e\u7891\u9298\u3002\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u65af\u5766\u683c\u62c9\u4f2f\uff08Stephan Steingr\u00e4ber\uff09\u7684\u300aEtruscan Painting\u300b\u662f\u5893\u5ba4\u58c1\u756b\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u8457\u4f5c\u3002<\/p><p>\u5c07\u963f\u4f0a\u5854\u7f6e\u65bc\u6574\u500b<a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/zh-hant\/etruscan-religion-haruspex-disciplina\/\">\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u53f2<\/a>\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8a0e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5448\u73fe\u4ed6\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u51a5\u754c\u8af8\u795e\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u95dc\u806f\u6027\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p><p>\u6709\u95dc\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\u76f8\u7576\u591a\u5143\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8d6b\u723e\u7a46\u7279\u00b7\u91cc\u514b\u65af\uff08Helmut Rix\uff09\u7684\u300aEditio Minor\u300b\u7b49\u7891\u9298\u6587\u737b\u3001\u8003\u53e4\u767c\u73fe\u3001\u5716\u50cf\u8cc7\u6599\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e8c\u624b\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u737b\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u63a1\u53d6\u8de8\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1b\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u5730\u7d50\u5408\u4e86\u8a9e\u6587\u5b78\u3001<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u900f\u904e\u7269\u8cea\u907a\u5b58\u7814\u7a76\u904e\u5f80\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u8003\u53e4\u5b78<\/span>\u3001<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f03\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u4e0d\u6d89\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7acb\u5834\u7814\u7a76\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u3002\" 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\uff08\u7cbe\u9078\uff09<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-aita-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-aita-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Larissa Bonfante: <em>Etruscan Mythology<\/em> (2006)<\/li><li>Stephan Steingr\u00e4ber: <em>Etruscan Painting<\/em> (1986)<\/li><li>Jean-Rene Jannot: <em>Religion in Ancient Etruria<\/em> (2005)<\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Nancy Thomson de Grummond: <em>Etruscan Myth, Sacred History, and Legend<\/em> (2006)<\/span><\/li><li>Cornelia Weber-Lehmann:\u95dc\u65bc\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5893\u846c\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8ad6\u8457<\/li><\/ul>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>\u66f4\u591a\u6b0a\u5a01\u8457\u4f5c\u8acb\u53c3\u95b1<a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/zh-hant\/wenxian\/\">\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b<\/a>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-aita e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-aita\" data-element_type=\"container\" 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