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tabindex=\"0\">\u50b3\u627f<\/span>\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u4e0a\u683c\u5916\u5177\u6709\u53c3\u8003\u50f9\u503c\u3002<\/p><p>\u51e1\u65af\u9577\u6709\u7fbd\u7ffc\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u904e\u53bb\u66fe\u88ab\u8f15\u6613\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u5e0c\u81d8\u539f\u578b\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6c11\u65cf\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u5c07\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5c01\u9589\u4e14\u81ea\u6210\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u5148\u524d\u5c07\u5176\u8996\u70ba\u5e0c\u81d8\u5b97\u6559\u300c\u884d\u751f\u7269\u300d\u7684\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u6539\u4ee5\u66f4\u7cbe\u78ba\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u52a0\u4ee5\u5be9\u8996\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u540d\u7a31\u8207\u8a5e\u6e90<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u51e1\u65af\uff08Vanth\uff09\u4e4b\u540d\u898b\u65bc\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\uff08Etruscan\uff09\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u4f5c\u54c1\u8207\u9298\u6587\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u5176\u78ba\u5207\u7684\u8a5e\u6e90\u610f\u7fa9\u8fc4\u4eca\u5c1a\u672a\u8003\u8b49\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u8d6b\u723e\u7a46\u7279\u00b7\u91cc\u514b\u65af\uff08Helmut Rix\uff09\u7684\u300aEditio Minor\u300b\u8a18\u9304\u4e86\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u9298\u6587\u8b49\u64da\u3002<\/p><p>\u51e1\u65af\u6709\u6642\u4ee5\u8907\u6578\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u9019\u986f\u793a\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4f4d\u51e1\u65af\u5973\u9b54\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u67e5\u502b\uff08Charun\uff09\u4e5f\u6709\u591a\u4f4d\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u8907\u6578\u6027\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u4e0a\u9817\u5177\u7814\u7a76\u50f9\u503c\u3002<\/p><p>\u51e1\u65af\u4e4b\u540d\u96d6\u898b\u65bc\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5716\u50cf\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u4f46\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u8a9e\u7cfb\u4e0a\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u6216\u53ef\u80fd\u8207\u96f7\u59c6\u8afe\u65af\u8a9e\uff08Lemnian\uff09\u53ca\u96f7\u8482\u514b\u8a9e\uff08Raetic\uff09\u540c\u5c6c\u5047\u8a2d\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u6cf0\u723e\u68ee\u8a9e\u7cfb\u300d\uff08Tyrsenian\uff09\u3002\u81ea\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u5b78\u754c\u6301\u7e8c\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u89e3\u8b80\u9019\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u672a\u80fd\u5fb9\u5e95\u7834\u89e3\u3002<\/p><p>\u8d6b\u723e\u7a46\u7279\u00b7\u91cc\u514b\u65af\u7684\u300aEditio Minor\u300b\u662f\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u8a9e\u8a9e\u6599\u5eab\u6700\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u9298\u6587\u5f59\u7de8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e5f\u8a18\u9304\u4e86\u95dc\u65bc\u51e1\u65af\u7684\u9298\u6587\u8b49\u64da\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u300a\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u8a9e\u8a5e\u5178\u300b\uff08Thesaurus Linguae Etruscae\uff09\u8207\u7dda\u4e0a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eabETP\uff08\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u6587\u672c\u8a08\u756b\uff09\u5247\u4f5c\u70ba\u88dc\u5145\u8cc7\u6599\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u554f\u984c\u81f3\u4eca\u61f8\u800c\u672a\u6c7a\uff1a\u5e0c\u7f85\u591a\u5fb7\uff08Herodot\uff09\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u6e90\u81ea\u5442\u5e95\u4e9e\uff08Lydien\uff09\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u72c4\u5967\u5c3c\u4fee\u65af\u00b7\u54c8\u5229\u5361\u7d0d\u7d22\u65af\uff08Dionysios von Halikarnass\uff09\u5247\u4e3b\u5f35\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u672c\u571f\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u7406\u89e3\u51e1\u65af\u9019\u985e\u795e\u7947\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7531\u6b64\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u8207\u5c0f\u4e9e\u7d30\u4e9e\u5d07\u62dc\u4e4b\u9593\u53ef\u80fd\u95dc\u806f\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002<\/p><p>\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u8207\u9298\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7dca\u5bc6\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u51e1\u65af<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u77e5\u8b58\u8207\u6558\u4e8b\u4ee3\u4ee3\u76f8\u50b3\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u50b3\u627f<\/span>\u7684\u91d0\u6e05\uff1aETP\uff08\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u6587\u672c\u8a08\u756b\uff09\u4e2d\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u6587\u672c\u7684\u6578\u4f4d\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u8b93\u6bd4\u8f03\u7814\u7a76\u8b8a\u5f97\u660e\u986f\u5bb9\u6613\u8a31\u591a\u3002\u746a\u9e97-\u52de\u502b\u65af\u00b7\u54c8\u514b\uff08Marie-Laurence Haack\uff09\u8207\u6587\u68ee\u00b7\u7d04\u5229\u97cb\uff08Vincent Jolivet\uff09\u5728\u6b64\u9818\u57df\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u6307\u6a19\u6027\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u63cf\u8ff0\u8207\u5716\u50cf\u5b78<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u8303\u7279\uff08Vanth\uff09\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u85dd\u8853\u4e2d\u88ab\u63cf\u7e6a\u70ba\u6709\u7fc5\u8180\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u5e38\u6301\u706b\u70ac\u6216\u9470\u5319\u3002\u5979\u7684\u7fbd\u7ffc\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8\u5361\u9686\uff08Charon\uff09\u985e\u578b\u660e\u986f\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5979\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u5fa9\u4ec7\u5973\u795e\u5384\u91cc\u502a\u5384\u65af\uff08Erinyes\uff09\u6216\u611b\u795e\u5384\u6d1b\u65af\uff08Eros\uff09\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u8207\u9470\u5319\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u5247\u6307\u5411\u5979\u4f5c\u70ba\u51a5\u754c\u4e4b\u9580\u5b88\u8b77\u8005\u7684\u8077\u80fd\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u77f3\u68fa\u8207\u5893\u5ba4\u58c1\u756b\uff08\u5854\u723e\u594e\u5c3c\u4e9e\u7684\u7dad\u76ae\u7d0d\u52aa\u65af\u5893\u3014Tomba dei Vipinana\u3015\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u8303\u7279\u51fa\u73fe\u65bc\u773e\u591a\u5834\u666f\u3002\u5979\u7684\u8863\u888d\u5e38\u662f\u77ed\u675f\u8170\u5f0f\uff0c\u6697\u793a\u884c\u52d5\u81ea\u5982\u3002\u62c9\u91cc\u85a9\u00b7\u90a6\u8303\u7279\uff08Larissa Bonfante\uff09\u66fe\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u7814\u7a76\u5716\u50cf\u5167\u5bb9\u53ca\u5176\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u5b78\u554f\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5716\u50cf\u5b78<\/span>\u9032\u884c\u904e\u8a73\u7d30\u8003\u5bdf\u3002<\/p><p>\u8303\u7279\u4e3b\u8981\u900f\u904e\u5716\u50cf\u8cc7\u6599\u70ba\u4eba\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u800c\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u85dd\u8853\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u4e0a\u986f\u5f97\u6975\u70ba\u8c50\u5bcc\uff1a\u93e1\u5b50\u3001\u9676\u74f6\u3001\u5893\u5ba4\u58c1\u756b\u8207\u9752\u9285\u5668\u69cb\u6210\u4e3b\u8981\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\u3002\u62c9\u91cc\u85a9\u00b7\u90a6\u8303\u7279\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5c07\u9019\u7a2e\u5716\u50cf\u8a9e\u8a00\u8996\u70ba\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u52a0\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u50c5\u662f\u5e0c\u81d8\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u5206\u652f\u3002<\/p><p>\u8303\u7279\u983b\u7e41\u51fa\u73fe\u65bc\u5854\u723e\u594e\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff08Tarquinia\uff09\u3001\u5207\u723e\u97cb\u6cf0\u91cc\uff08Cerveteri\uff09\u8207\u6b66\u723e\u5947\uff08Vulci\uff09\u7684\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5893\u5ba4\u58c1\u756b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u58c1\u756b\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u8207\u672b\u4e16\u8ad6\u7684\u4e00\u6d41\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u58c1\u756b\u4e2d\u7684\u5bb4\u98f2\u3001\u821e\u8e48\u3001\u97f3\u6a02\u5834\u666f\u4ee5\u53ca\u795e\u8a71\u60c5\u7bc0\uff0c\u5c07\u4f86\u4e16\u63cf\u7e6a\u70ba\u73fe\u4e16\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5ef6\u7e8c\u3002<\/p><p>\u8303\u7279\u5e38\u8207\u5361\u9686\uff08Charun\uff09\u4e00\u540c\u51fa\u73fe\u65bc\u9001\u846c\u5834\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u7814\u7a76\u5716\u50cf\u5167\u5bb9\u53ca\u5176\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u5b78\u554f\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5716\u50cf\u5b78<\/span>\u504f\u597d\u591a\u4eba\u7269\u5834\u666f\u3001\u6558\u4e8b\u95dc\u806f\u8207\u8c61\u5fb5\u6027\u51dd\u7e2e\u7684\u50be\u5411\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5716\u50cf\u8a9e\u8a00\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u5716\u50cf\u5b78\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7368\u7acb\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u3002<\/p><p>\u8303\u7279\u6709\u6642\u4ee5\u8907\u6578\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u4e26\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7269\u4e26\u5217\uff0c\u9019\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5716\u50cf\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff1a\u4e00\u9762\u93e1\u5b50\u6216\u4e00\u500b\u9676\u74f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u6642\u627f\u8f09\u591a\u500b\u795e\u8a71\u95dc\u806f\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u51dd\u7e2e\u8feb\u4f7f\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5fc5\u9808\u9032\u884c\u7d30\u7dfb\u7684\u8a9e\u5883\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u672b\u4e16\u8ad6\u4e2d\u7684\u8303\u7279<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u8303\u7279\u662f\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u8907\u96dc\u51a5\u754c\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5979\u5f15\u9818\u4ea1\u8005\u524d\u5f80\u51a5\u754c\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u7368\u81ea\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u5e38\u8207\u5361\u9686\u540c\u884c\u3002\u5979\u7684\u8077\u80fd\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u300c\u547d\u904b\u4f7f\u8005\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e3b\u52d5\u65bd\u884c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e4b\u4eba\uff1a\u6642\u5019\u4e00\u5230\uff0c\u5979\u4fbf\u524d\u4f86\u5f15\u9818\u3002<\/p><p>\u8b93-\u52d2\u5167\u00b7\u96c5\u8afe\uff08Jean-Rene Jannot\uff09\u5c07\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u51a5\u754c\u89c0\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u7d50\u69cb\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5404\u7a2e\u9b54\u9748\u8077\u80fd\u5206\u914d\u660e\u78ba\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u8303\u7279\u662f\u5973\u6027\u5f15\u9818\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u5361\u9686\u5247\u662f\u7537\u6027\u57f7\u884c\u8005\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4e00\u500b\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u6d41\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u795e\u8a71\u6558\u4e8b\u7e3d\u9ad4\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u8a71\u5b78<\/span>\u4e26\u4e0d\u50cf\u5e0c\u81d8\u548c\u7f85\u99ac\u50b3\u7d71\u90a3\u6a23\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6574\u6210\u5f62\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u6587\u672c\u6d41\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002\u8303\u7279\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u53ea\u80fd\u5f9e\u5716\u50cf\u8cc7\u6599\u3001\u9298\u6587\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e0c\u81d8\u7f85\u99ac\u7684\u4e8c\u624b\u50b3\u8ff0\u7d9c\u5408\u5f97\u51fa\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u72c0\u6cc1\u8981\u6c42\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u683c\u5916\u8b39\u614e\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4e00\u500b\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u6d41\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u795e\u8a71\u6558\u4e8b\u7e3d\u9ad4\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u8a71\u5b78<\/span>\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u9817\u70ba\u8907\u96dc\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u95dc\u65bc\u963f\u57fa\u91cc\u65af\uff08Achilleus\uff09\u3001\u5967\u5fb7\u4fee\u65af\uff08Odysseus\uff09\u6216\u4f0a\u5e95\u5e15\u65af\uff08\u00d6dipus\uff09\u7684\u5e0c\u81d8\u795e\u8a71\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53c8\u5c0d\u5176\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u6539\u9020\u3002\u8303\u7279\u4e26\u7121\u78ba\u5207\u7684\u5e0c\u81d8\u5c0d\u61c9\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u6b63\u9ad4\u73fe\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u7368\u7279\u5851\u9020\uff1b\u9019\u7a2e\u6539\u7de8\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u8ab2\u984c\u3002<\/p><p>\u8303\u7279\u7d93\u5e38\u8207\u5361\u9686\u4e00\u540c\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u9019\u7b26\u5408\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u7814\u7a76\u795e\u8207\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5b78\u554f\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5b78<\/span>\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5fb5\uff1a\u773e\u795e\u8b70\u6703\uff08consensus deorum\uff09\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff08Tinia\uff09\u4e5f\u4e26\u975e\u7368\u65b7\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u795e\u7947\u5546\u8b70\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u4e0a\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u9805\u7279\u6b8a\u4e4b\u8655\u3002<\/p><p>\u7531\u65bc\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u7684\u795e\u8a71\u50b3\u7d71\u4e26\u975e\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6574\u6558\u4e8b\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6d41\u50b3\uff0c\u8303\u7279\u7684\u8077\u80fd\u540c\u6a23\u5fc5\u9808\u5f9e\u5716\u50cf\u5834\u666f\u3001\u9298\u6587\u8207\u4e8c\u624b\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u91cd\u5efa\u3002\u884c\u4e4b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u7d50\u5408\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u984c\u9298\u3001\u5e0c\u81d8\u5716\u50cf\u539f\u578b\u8207\u8a9e\u5883\u89e3\u8b80\uff0c\u9019\u9700\u8981\u7d30\u7dfb\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u795e\u8a71\u6558\u4e8b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u6709\u95dc\u8303\u7279\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u4e3b\u8981\u4ee5\u5716\u50cf\u5f62\u5f0f\u6d41\u50b3\u3002\u5728\u77f3\u68fa\u8207\u5893\u5ba4\u58c1\u756b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5979\u5e38\u51fa\u73fe\u65bc\u96e2\u5225\u5834\u666f\uff1a\u4ea1\u8005\u5411\u751f\u8005\u544a\u5225\uff0c\u8303\u7279\u5f15\u9818\u4ed6\u96e2\u53bb\u3002\u5728\u90e8\u5206\u5716\u50cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5979\u4ee5\u6c89\u601d\u7684\u59ff\u614b\u5750\u5728\u77f3\u982d\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u67d0\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u6642\u523b\u5230\u4f86\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u6539\u7de8\u5e0c\u81d8\u795e\u8a71\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8303\u7279\u6709\u6642\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u539f\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u5e0c\u81d8\u5c0d\u61c9\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5834\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u963f\u57fa\u91cc\u65af\u4e4b\u6b7b\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u52a0\u5165\uff0c\u6b63\u8a18\u9304\u4e86\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5360\u535c\u9ad4\u7cfb\u300cDisciplina Etrusca\u300d\u5305\u62ec\u5167\u81df\u5360\u535c\uff08haruspicina\uff09\u3001\u96f7\u96fb\u5360\u535c\uff08fulguratio\uff09\u8207\u98db\u9ce5\u5360\u535c\uff08auspicia\uff09\u3002\u9019\u5957\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7531\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u50b3\u7d66\u7f85\u99ac\u4eba\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u516c\u51434\u4e16\u7d00\u4ecd\u662f\u6d3b\u8e8d\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u4e26\u88ab\u897f\u585e\u7f85\uff08Cicero\uff09\u8207\u585e\u5167\u5361\uff08Seneca\uff09\u8a73\u76e1\u8a18\u8ff0\u3002<\/p><p>\u5c08\u9580\u7684\u796d\u53f8\u5b78\u6821\u8ca0\u8cac\u50b3\u6388\u300cDisciplina Etrusca\u300d\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6587\u737b\u662f\u300a\u5100\u898f\u4e4b\u66f8\u300b\uff08Libri Rituales\uff09\u3001\u300a\u5167\u81df\u5360\u535c\u4e4b\u66f8\u300b\uff08Libri Haruspicini\uff09\u8207\u300a\u96f7\u96fb\u5360\u535c\u4e4b\u66f8\u300b\uff08Libri Fulgurales\uff09\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5178\u7c4d\u539f\u672c\u4e26\u672a\u7559\u5b58\uff0c\u4f46\u900f\u904e\u897f\u585e\u7f85\u3001\u8cbb\u65af\u5716\u65af\uff08Festus\uff09\u8207\u99ac\u514b\u7f85\u6bd4\u70cf\u65af\uff08Macrobius\uff09\u7684\u5f15\u8ff0\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u5167\u5bb9\u5f97\u4ee5\u91cd\u5efa\u3002<\/p><p>\u57ce\u90a6\u7279\u6027\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u97ff\u8457\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5c0d\u795e\u7947\u6216\u795e\u8056\u4eba\u7269\u6240\u9032\u884c\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5d07\u62dc\u6d3b\u52d5\u7e3d\u9ad4\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5d07\u62dc<\/span>\uff1a\u8303\u7279\u983b\u7e41\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u5854\u723e\u594e\u5c3c\u4e9e\u5893\u846c\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u7576\u5730\u64c1\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7368\u7279\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5d07\u62dc\u8207\u5b97\u6559\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u5207\u723e\u97cb\u6cf0\u91cc\u3001\u6b66\u723e\u5947\u3001\u97cb\u4f0a\uff08Veji\uff09\u3001\u514b\u76e7\u897f\u59c6\uff08Clusium\uff09\u3001\u6c83\u723e\u897f\u5c3c\uff08Volsinii\uff09\u3001\u79d1\u723e\u6258\u7d0d\uff08Cortona\uff09\u3001\u4f69\u9b6f\u8cc8\uff08Perugia\uff09\u3001\u963f\u96f7\u4f50\uff08Arezzo\uff09\u3001\u6c83\u723e\u6cf0\u62c9\uff08Volterra\uff09\u3001\u6ce2\u666e\u6d1b\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff08Populonia\uff09\u8207\u7f85\u585e\u840a\uff08Roselle\uff09\u4ea6\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/p><p>\u300cDisciplina Etrusca\u300d\u69cb\u6210\u4e00\u5957\u878d\u8cab\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5360\u535c\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u582a\u7a31<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5e0c\u81d8\u8207\u7f85\u99ac\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u7d04\u516c\u5143\u524d800\u5e74\u81f3\u516c\u5143600\u5e74\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u53e4\u5178\u6642\u4ee3<\/span>\u9ad8\u5ea6\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u5360\u535c\u8853\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5b83\u88ab\u7f85\u99ac\u4eba\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u5730\u627f\u8972\uff0c\u4e26\u4e00\u76f4\u5ef6\u7e8c\u81f3<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5e0c\u81d8\u8207\u7f85\u99ac\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u7d04\u516c\u5143\u524d800\u5e74\u81f3\u516c\u5143600\u5e74\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u53e4\u5178\u6642\u4ee3<\/span>\u665a\u671f\u4ecd\u88ab\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u5c55\u73fe\u51fa\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u5ef6\u7e8c\u6027\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u796d\u5100\u8207\u5100\u5f0f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u51e1\u65af(Vanth)\u4e26\u4e0d\u50cf\u5967\u6797\u5339\u65af\u7684\u963f\u5716\u4e9e\uff08Atua\uff09\u795e\u90a3\u6a23\u88ab\u300e\u5d07\u62dc\u300f\uff0c\u5979\u8207\u67e5\u502b(Charun)\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u8207\u846c\u79ae\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8a9e\u5883\u4e2d\uff1a\u51e1\u65af\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u88dd\u98fe\u8457\u77f3\u68fa\u8207\u9aa8\u7070\u7f48,\u51e1\u65af\u7684\u5492\u8a9e\u53ef\u80fd\u66fe\u5728\u846c\u79ae\u5100\u5f0f\u4e2d\u88ab\u8aa6\u5ff5\u3002<\/p><p>\u5893\u846c\u4e2d\u96a8\u846c\u51e1\u65af\u5716\u50cf\u5177\u6709\u4ea4\u611f\u5deb\u8853\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u5b83\u61c9\u80fd\u5e6b\u52a9\u6b7b\u8005\u9806\u5229\u524d\u5f80\u5730\u4e0b\u4e16\u754c,\u4e26\u4f7f\u9019\u4f4d\u5973\u9b54\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5f97\u4ee5\u5f70\u986f\u3002<\/p><p>\u5f9e\u5efa\u7bc9\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b,\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e\u4eba\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u7528\u65bc\u656c\u62dc\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5edf<\/span>\u81ea\u6210\u4e00\u683c\uff1a\u5854\u65af\u574e\u5f0f\uff08Tuscanus\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u7a2e\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u67f1\u5f0f,\u7dad\u7279\u9b6f\u5a01\uff08Vitruv\uff09\u5728\u300a\u5efa\u7bc9\u5341\u66f8\u300b\uff08De Architectura\uff09\u4e2d\u5c0d\u6b64\u6709\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5176\u5e73\u9762\u5716\u51f8\u986f\u4e86\u6b63\u6bbf\uff08Cella\uff09\u8207\u5bec\u95ca\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u9580\u5eca,\u660e\u986f\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8\u7bc4\u5f0f\u6709\u5225\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u7528\u65bc\u656c\u62dc\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5edf<\/span>\u5e38\u5e38\u898f\u6a21\u5b8f\u5927\u3002\u7f85\u99ac\u65e9\u671f\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u898b\u8b49,\u9996\u63a8\u5361\u76ae\u6258\u5229\u6b50\u5c71\uff08Capitolium\uff09\u4e0a\u7684\u6731\u5e87\u7279\uff08Iuppiter\uff09<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u7528\u65bc\u656c\u62dc\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5edf<\/span>,\u6b64\u5edf\u7531\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u8207\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u6240\u5efa,\u5176\u4e2d\u4ee5\u4f86\u81ea\u7dad\u4f0a\uff08Veji\uff09\u7684\u4f0d\u723e\u5361\uff08Vulca\uff09\u6700\u70ba\u8457\u540d\u3002<\/p><p>\u6bcf\u5e74,\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e\u5341\u4e8c\u57ce\u806f\u76df\u90fd\u6703\u5728\u6c83\u723e\u897f\u5c3c\u4f0a\uff08Volsinii\uff09\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6c83\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u8056\u5730\uff08Fanum Voltumnae\uff09\u8209\u884c\u5b97\u6559\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u805a\u6703\u3002\u6c83\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\uff08Voltumna\uff09\u4f5c\u70ba\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e\u57ce\u90a6\u806f\u76df\u7684\u76df\u795e,\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u81f3\u9ad8\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u7528\u65bc\u656c\u62dc\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5edf<\/span>\u5e38\u5efa\u65bc\u51dd\u7070\u5ca9\u5730\u57fa\u4e4b\u4e0a,\u4e0a\u90e8\u7d50\u69cb\u70ba\u6728\u9020,\u4e26\u98fe\u6709\u9676\u571f\u88dd\u98fe\u3002\u7dad\u4f0a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u963f\u6ce2\u7f85\u96d5\u50cf\u5373\u70ba\u4f0d\u723e\u5361\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1,\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u9019\u4e00\u50b3\u7d71\u4e2d\u5efa\u7bc9\u8207\u5b97\u6559\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u898b\u8b49\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u8b77\u8eab\u50b3\u7d71<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u51e1\u65af\uff08Vanth\uff09\u5728\u8b77\u8eab\u8a9e\u5883\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5728\u846c\u79ae\u8207\u54c0\u60bc\u5100\u5f0f\u4e2d\u88ab\u547c\u559a\u3002\u5979\u4e26\u975e\u6b63\u9762\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u300e\u5b88\u8b77\u8005\u300f,\u800c\u662f\u751f\u6b7b\u904e\u6e21\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u966a\u4f34\u8005\u3002<\/p><p>\u8207\u67e5\u502b\uff08Charun\uff09\u76f8\u6bd4,\u9632\u6b62\u51e1\u65af\u63d0\u65e9\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u8f9f\u90aa\u4f5c\u6cd5\u8a18\u8f09\u8f03\u5c11\u3002\u6574\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00,\u5979\u7d66\u4eba\u7684\u5a01\u8105\u611f\u8f03\u5f31,\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u7684\u547d\u904b\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e\u7684\u8b77\u8eab\u4f5c\u6cd5\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u8a31\u591a\u8f9f\u90aa\u8c61\u5fb5\uff1a\u967d\u5177\u8b77\u7b26\u3001\u86c7\u9aee\u5973\u5996\uff08Gorgoneion\uff09\u5716\u50cf\u3001\u773c\u775b\u7b26\u865f\u3001\u5713\u5f62\u8b77\u8eab\u7b26\uff08Bullae\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u7279\u5b9a\u5492\u8a9e\u3002\u62c9\u91cc\u85a9\u00b7\u90a6\u51e1\u7279\uff08Larissa Bonfante\uff09\u5728\u300a\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e\u93e1\u5b50\u300b\uff08Etruscan Mirrors\uff0c1980\u5e74\u8d77\uff09\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\u5c0d\u9019\u985e\u8b77\u8eab\u7b26\u865f\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u8a9e\u8a00\u6709\u6240\u95e1\u91cb\u3002<\/span><\/p><p>\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e\u6587\u5316\u4e2d,\u8482\u5c3c\u4e9e\u4e4b\u773c\uff08Auge des Tinia\uff09\u3001\u967d\u5177\u8b77\u7b26\u8207\u86c7\u9aee\u5973\u5996\u5716\u50cf\u7b49\u8f9f\u90aa\u8c61\u5fb5\u6975\u70ba\u666e\u904d\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u88dd\u98fe\u8457<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u7528\u65bc\u656c\u62dc\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5edf<\/span>\u3001\u5893\u846c\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u795e\u9f95\u8207\u500b\u4eba\u7269\u54c1;\u9019\u7a2e\u4f5c\u6cd5\u5f8c\u4f86\u5728\u7f85\u99ac\u53ca\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5730\u5340\u7684\u6c11\u9593\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e2d\u5ef6\u7e8c\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e\u7684\u8b77\u8eab\u4f5c\u6cd5\u8207\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e\u6559\u7fa9\uff08Disciplina Etrusca\uff09\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u95dc\u3002\u5728\u5efa\u57ce\u3001\u51fa\u5f81\u6216\u5efa\u5c4b\u7b49\u91cd\u5927\u4e8b\u52d9\u4e4b\u524d,\u4eba\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u9032\u884c\u5360\u535c\u8aee\u8a62\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d,\u8b77\u8eab\u50b3\u7d71\u8207\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e\u6559\u7fa9\u7dca\u5bc6\u76f8\u9023\u3002\u8209\u884c\u8b77\u8eab\u5100\u5f0f\u7684\u4eba,\u5f80\u5f80\u540c\u6642\u6703\u8acb\u4f86\u5360\u535c\u5e2b\uff08Haruspex\uff09\u6216\u5360\u9ce5\u5e2b\uff08Augur\uff09\u5354\u52a9\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u7684\u9023\u7d50\u662f\u5b78\u754c\u8a8d\u70ba\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u7279\u5fb5\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u795e\u8a71<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u5f9e\u5b97\u6559\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b,\u51e1\u65af\uff08Vanth\uff09\u53ef\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u5384\u91cc\u502a\u5384\u65af\uff08\u5fa9\u4ec7\u5973\u795e\uff0cErinyen\/Furien\uff09\u3001\u5317\u6b50\u7684\u83ef\u723e\u57fa\u9e97\uff08Walk\u00fcren\uff09\u3001\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u300e\u795e\u8056\u846c\u79ae\u300f\u50b3\u7d71,\u6216\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u9054\u57c3\u7d0d\uff08Daenas\uff09\u76f8\u63d0\u4e26\u8ad6\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5f62\u8c61\u5171\u540c\u4e4b\u8655\u5728\u65bc,\u5979\u5011\u90fd\u662f\u6b7b\u8005\u7684\u5973\u6027\u966a\u4f34\u8005\u6216\u547d\u904b\u4f7f\u8005\u3002<\/p><p>\u51e1\u65af\u7368\u5177\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e\u7279\u8272\u4e4b\u8655,\u5728\u65bc\u5979\u5c07\u7fc5\u8180\u3001\u706b\u70ac\uff08\u6216\u9470\u5319\uff09\u8207\u966a\u4f34\u8005\u8077\u80fd\u96c6\u65bc\u4e00\u8eab\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u51dd\u805a\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u4e0a\u662f\u7368\u4e00\u7121\u4e8c\u7684\u3002<\/p><p>\u300c\u7f85\u99ac\u5f0f\u8a6e\u91cb\u300d\uff08interpretatio Romana\uff09\u5c07\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e\u8af8\u795e\u51a0\u4ee5\u7f85\u99ac\u540d\u7a31\uff1a\u8482\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff08Tinia\uff09\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u6731\u5e87\u7279\uff08Iupiter\uff09\uff0c\u70cf\u5c3c\uff08Uni\uff09\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u6731\u8afe\uff08Iuno\uff09\uff0c\u9580\u723e\u74e6\uff08Menrva\uff09\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u5bc6\u6d85\u74e6\uff08Minerva\uff09\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5c0d\u61c9\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6709\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u7684,\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168,\u904e\u53bb\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u63a2\u8a0e\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e\u81ea\u8eab\u7279\u8272\u7a76\u7adf\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u3002<\/p><p>\u5b89\u7d0d\u6258\u5229\u4e9e\u3001\u8153\u5c3c\u57fa\u8207\u8fd1\u6771\u7684\u8af8\u591a\u50b3\u7d71\u8207\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e\u5b97\u6559\u591a\u6709\u4ea4\u6703\u3002\u8153\u5c3c\u57fa\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u95dc\u4fc2\u53ef\u898b\u65bc\u76ae\u723e\u5409\u91d1\u677f\uff08Pyrgi-Tafeln\uff09;\u9019\u7a2e\u8de8\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u7684\u7db2\u7d61\u806f\u7e6b,\u662f\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u3002<\/p><p>\u5f9e\u5b97\u6559\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u8996\u89d2\u770b,\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5c0d\u67d0\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u6216\u8056\u6f54\u5b58\u5728\u6240\u9032\u884c\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u656c\u62dc\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u7e3d\u7a31\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u796d\u7940\u6d3b\u52d5<\/span>\u53ef\u6b78\u5165\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5b97\u6559\u5bb6\u65cf,\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8\u3001\u8153\u5c3c\u57fa\u3001\u57c3\u53ca\u3001\u5b89\u7d0d\u6258\u5229\u4e9e\u53ca\u62c9\u4e01\u59c6\uff08Latium\uff09\u7686\u6709\u806f\u7e6b\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u7db2\u7d61\u95dc\u4fc2\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u7576\u4ee3\u7814\u7a76<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u904e\u53bb30\u5e74\u9593,\u51e1\u65af\uff08Vanth\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u85c9\u7531\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u5206\u6790\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e\u77f3\u68fa\u8207\u5893\u846c\u58c1\u756b\u800c\u53d6\u5f97\u9032\u5c55\u3002\u57c3\u91cc\u5361\u00b7\u897f\u8499\uff08Erika Simon\uff09\u3001\u79d1\u59ae\u8389\u4e9e\u00b7\u97cb\u4f2f-\u96f7\u66fc\uff08Cornelia Weber-Lehmann\uff09\u8207\u62c9\u91cc\u85a9\u00b7\u90a6\u51e1\u7279\uff08Larissa Bonfante\uff09\u90fd\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u8ca2\u737b\u3002<\/p><p>\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u5c0d\u51e1\u65af\u9019\u4e00\u5973\u6027\u547d\u904b\u5f62\u8c61\u9817\u611f\u8208\u8da3,\u56e0\u70ba\u5979\u4e26\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u50b3\u7d71\u300e\u6bcd\u89aa\u300f\u6216\u300e\u611b\u4eba\u300f\u7684\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u8996\u89d2\u958b\u555f\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u89e3\u8b80\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p><p>\u5982\u4eca,\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e\u5b97\u6559\u662f\u570b\u969b\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8ab2\u984c\u3002\u4f5b\u7f85\u502b\u65af\u5927\u5b78\u3001\u7f85\u99ac\u667a\u6167\u5927\u5b78\uff08Rom Sapienza\uff09\u3001\u6bd4\u85a9\u5927\u5b78\u3001\u5716\u8cd3\u6839\u5927\u5b78\u8207\u666e\u6797\u65af\u9813\u5927\u5b78\u90fd\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3;\u6bcf\u5e74\u90fd\u6709\u591a\u5834\u570b\u969b\u5b78\u8853\u6703\u8b70\u63a2\u8a0e\u9019\u4e00\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5404\u500b\u8b70\u984c\u3002<\/p><p>\u7576\u4eca\u91dd\u5c0d\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u570b\u969b\u7814\u7a76\u9805\u76ee\u5df2\u904b\u7528\u6578\u4f4d\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u5c0d\u795e\u5edf\u8207\u5893\u846c\u9032\u884c\u4e09\u7dad\u6383\u63cf,\u5efa\u7acb\u9298\u6587\u8207\u5716\u50cf\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab,\u4ee5\u53ca\u904b\u7528\u5730\u7406\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7cfb\u7d71\uff08GIS\uff09\u5206\u6790\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e\u7684\u805a\u843d\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/p><p>\u68b5\u8482\u5ca1\u535a\u7269\u9928\u3001\u6731\u8389\u4e9e\u5225\u5885\u570b\u5bb6\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e\u535a\u7269\u9928\uff08Museo Nazionale Etrusco di Villa Giulia\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u6ce2\u58eb\u9813\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\uff08Boston Museum of Fine Arts\uff09\u6240\u8209\u8fa6\u7684\u5c55\u89bd,\u9023\u540c\u773e\u591a\u76f8\u95dc\u51fa\u7248\u7269,\u90fd\u5c07\u7576\u4eca\u7684\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u574e\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u50b3\u64ad\u7d66\u5ee3\u5927\u516c\u773e\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\u8207\u7814\u7a76\u73fe\u6cc1<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u95dc\u65bc\u51e1\u65af\u7814\u7a76\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u662f\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u77f3\u68fa\uff08\u5854\u723e\u594e\u5c3c\u4e9e\u3014Tarquinia\u3015\u3001\u6c83\u723e\u6cf0\u62c9\u3014Volterra\u3015\u3001\u4e18\u897f\u3014Chiusi\u3015\uff09\u3001\u5893\u5ba4\u58c1\u756b\u3001\u9aa8\u7070\u7515\u4ee5\u53ca\u9298\u6587\u3002\u62c9\u91cc\u85a9\u00b7\u90a6\u82b3\u7279\uff08Larissa Bonfante\uff09\u7684\u300aEtruscan Mythology\u300b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6982\u89bd\u3002<\/p><p>\u82e5\u5c07\u51e1\u65af\u7f6e\u65bc\u6574\u500b<a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/zh-hant\/etruscan-religion-haruspex-disciplina\/\">\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u53f2<\/a>\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u505a\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8a0e\uff0c\u4fbf\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u51e1\u65af\u8207\u67e5\u502b\uff08Charun\uff09\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/zh-hant\/aita-etruscan-god-underworld\/\">\u827e\u5854<\/a>\uff08Aita\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u51a5\u754c\u795e\u7947\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u95dc\u806f\u6027\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u4e0a\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\u6975\u70ba\u591a\u5143\uff1a\u5f9e\u8d6b\u723e\u7a46\u7279\u00b7\u91cc\u514b\u65af\u7684\u300aEditio Minor\u300b\u7b49\u9298\u6587\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u5230\u8003\u53e4\u767c\u73fe\u8207\u5716\u50cf\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u4e8c\u624b\u6587\u737b\uff0c\u7686\u6db5\u84cb\u5728\u5167\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u591a\u6e90\u4e26\u5b58\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u8981\u6c42\u8de8\u5b78\u79d1\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u5c07\u8a9e\u6587\u5b78\u3001<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u900f\u904e\u7269\u8cea\u907a\u5b58\u7814\u7a76\u904e\u53bb\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5b78\u554f\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u8003\u53e4\u5b78<\/span>\u3001<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f03\u65b9\u5f0f\u7814\u7a76\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u5b78\u554f\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5b97\u6559\u5b78<\/span>\u8207\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u5730\u7d50\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\u3002<\/p><p>\u5c0d\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u9032\u884c\u8cc7\u6599\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u65e2\u9700\u8981\u719f\u6089\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u5e0c\u81d8\u7f85\u99ac\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e8c\u624b\u50b3\u4e16\u6587\u737b\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u96d9\u91cd\u8996\u89d2\u96d6\u5177\u6311\u6230\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u65bc\u6070\u7576\u5730\u91cd\u5efa\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u800c\u8a00\u537b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u3002<\/p><p>\u82e5\u8981\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8a0e\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u719f\u6089\u9298\u6587\u3001\u8003\u53e4\u8207\u6587\u737b\u7b49\u5404\u985e\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u73fe\u4ee3<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f03\u65b9\u5f0f\u7814\u7a76\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u5b78\u554f\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5b97\u6559\u5b78<\/span>\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u591a\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u63a2\u8a0e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5df2\u662f\u5b78\u754c\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u505a\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c4ef1fa e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2c4ef1fa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp25c7ac94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp25c7ac94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u5854\u723e\u5947\u5c3c\u4e9e\u8207\u5967\u723e\u7dad\u8036\u6258\u5893\u5ba4\u58c1\u756b\u4e2d\u7684\u51e1\u7279\uff08Vanth\uff09<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2e7a473e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2e7a473e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2eda3d20 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2eda3d20\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u95dc\u65bc\u51e1\u7279\uff08Vanth\uff09\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53f2\u6599\u4e26\u975e\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\uff08Etruscan\uff09\u5893\u5ba4\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u85dd\u8853\u3002\u5728\u5854\u723e\u5947\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff08Tarquinia\uff09\u7684\u5f69\u7e6a\u5893\u5ba4\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u897f\u5143\u524d4\u4e16\u7d00\u7684<em>Tomba dell&#8217;Orco<\/em>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5967\u723e\u7dad\u8036\u6258\uff08Orvieto\uff09\u9644\u8fd1\u7684<em>Tomba 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href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/zh-hant\/charun-etruskischer-totendaemon\/\">\u5361\u9f8d\uff08Charun\uff09<\/a>\u4e00\u540c\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u56e0\u6b64\u69cb\u6210\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u51a5\u754c\u5716\u50cf\u5b78\u4e2d\u53cd\u8986\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u4e00\u5c0d\u642d\u6a94\u3002\u5728\u6230\u722d\u6216\u737b\u796d\u5834\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u70cf\u723e\u5947\uff08Vulci\uff09\u9644\u8fd1Tomba Fran\u00e7ois\u5893\u5ba4\u4e2d\u63cf\u7e6a\u7684\u7279\u6d1b\u4f0a\u4fd8\u865c\u88ab\u8655\u6b7b\u7684\u756b\u9762\uff0c\u51e1\u7279\u4e5f\u5728\u65c1\u898b\u8b49\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u5f9e\u5b78\u8853\u89d2\u5ea6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u51e1\u7279\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u5716\u50cf\u5fc5\u9808\u5f9e\u9019\u4e9b\u8003\u53e4<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u77e5\u8b58\u8207\u6558\u4e8b\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e16\u4ee3\u7684\u50b3\u627f\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u50b3\u627f<\/span>\u4e2d\u91cd\u5efa\u800c\u5f97\u3002\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u4e26\u672a\u7559\u4e0b\u5b8c\u6574\u6d41\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4e00\u500b\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u6d41\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u8af8\u795e\u6558\u4e8b\u7684\u7e3d\u9ad4\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u8a71<\/span>\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5893\u5ba4\u58c1\u756b\u9023\u540c\u6d6e\u96d5\u9aa8\u7070\u7f48\u8207\u93e1\u5b50\uff0c\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u95dc\u65bc\u9019\u4f4d\u5973\u795e\u6240\u80fd\u8a00\u8aaa\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u539f\u59cb\u53f2\u6599\u3002\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp24932bc4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp24932bc4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d38051c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2d38051c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u9298\u6587\u8b49\u64da\u8207\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u500b\u51e1\u7279\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u554f\u984c<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2e96bb04 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2e96bb04\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b1c1fdf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2b1c1fdf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u9664\u4e86\u5716\u50cf\u85dd\u8853\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9298\u6587\u4e5f\u8b49\u5be6\u4e86\u51e1\u65af\u4f5c\u70ba\u5177\u540d\u795e\u7947\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5728\u591a\u5ea7\u5893\u7a74\u4ee5\u53ca\u9752\u9285\u93e1\u4e0a\uff0c\u300cvan\u03b8\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u4ee5\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u6587\u5b57\u66f8\u5beb\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u6a19\u8a3b\u5728\u6240\u63cf\u7e6a\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u65c1\u908a\uff0c\u9019\u4f7f\u5f97\u5716\u50cf\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u8fa8\u8b58\u6709\u4e86\u5805\u5be6\u7684\u4f9d\u64da\u3002<\/p><p>\u9019\u4e9b\u9644\u52a0\u9298\u6587\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u4e0a\u6975\u70ba\u95dc\u9375\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u78ba\u947f\u7121\u7591\u5730\u5c07\u4e00\u4f4d\u5e36\u7ffc\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5f62\u8c61\u6307\u8a8d\u70ba\u51e1\u65af\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4ef0\u8cf4\u73fe\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\u3002<\/p><p>\u4e00\u500b\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u90e8\u5206\u5716\u50cf\u4e2d\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u591a\u4f4d\u5e36\u7ffc\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u5979\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u88ab\u6a19\u8a3b\u70ba\u51e1\u65af\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u4ee5\u7fa4\u9ad4\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73fe\u3002<\/p><p>\u9019\u4e00\u73fe\u8c61\u5728\u5b78\u754c\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff1a\u51e1\u65af\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u55ae\u4e00\u5973\u795e\u7684\u500b\u5225\u540d\u7a31\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u67d0\u4e00\u985e\u51a5\u754c\u795e\u7947\u7684\u7d71\u7a31\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u5e0c\u81d8\u8a9e\u4e2d\u6307\u7a31\u5fa9\u4ec7\u5973\u795e\uff08Erinyes\uff09\u7684\u8a5e\u5f59\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u6cdb\u6307\u4e00\u500b\u7fa4\u9ad4\u4e00\u6a23\u3002<\/p><p>\u73fe\u5b58\u6750\u6599\u7121\u6cd5\u7d66\u51fa\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff1b\u5b78\u754c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u82f1\u683c\u9e97\u00b7\u514b\u52de\u65af\u79d1\u666e\u592b\uff08Ingrid Krauskopf\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a\u53e4\u5178\u795e\u8a71\u5716\u50cf\u8fad\u5178\u300b\uff08Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u5c0d\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u90fd\u6301\u958b\u653e\u614b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p><p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u51e1\u65af\u6709\u6642\u6703\u5e36\u6709\u5225\u7a31\uff0c\u6216\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u795e\u7947\u7a31\u8b02\u4e26\u5217\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u9019\u986f\u793a\u7576\u6642\u5c0d\u51a5\u754c\u795e\u7947\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u66f4\u70ba\u7d30\u7dfb\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u8a9e\u76ee\u524d\u53ea\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u80fd\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5927\u591a\u6578\u9298\u6587\u90fd\u5341\u5206\u7c21\u77ed\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8b49\u64da\u4e2d\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u96e3\u4ee5\u89e3\u8b80\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u4e0a\u9762\u81e8\u96d9\u91cd\u9650\u5236\uff1a\u5716\u50cf\u6750\u6599\u8c50\u5bcc\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u7121\u8072\u7684\uff1b\u6587\u5b57\u8cc7\u6599\u7c21\u77ed\uff0c\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e0a\u5f80\u5f80\u4e5f\u7121\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u6790\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u95dc\u65bc\u51e1\u65af\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u90fd\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u5f9e\u9019\u5169\u689d\u6b98\u7f3a\u4e0d\u5168\u7684\u50b3\u627f\u7dda\u7d22\u4e2d\u6240\u505a\u7684\u91cd\u5efa\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div 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data-id=\"cp222c0f93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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de Grummond\uff09\u5728\u300aEtruscan Myth, Sacred History, and Legend\u300b\uff082006\uff09\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u5247\u5f37\u8abf\u5979\u6c89\u975c\u3001\u5f15\u5c0e\u8005\u822c\u7684\u6027\u683c\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u9192\u4e0d\u61c9\u672a\u7d93\u6aa2\u8996\u4fbf\u5c07\u5e0c\u81d8\u6216\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5957\u7528\u65bc\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u51a5\u754c\u89c0\u3002\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\uff08\u7cbe\u9078\uff09<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-vanth-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-vanth-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Larissa Bonfante: <em>Etruscan Mythology<\/em> (2006)<\/li><li>Stephan Steingr\u00e4ber: <em>Etruscan Painting<\/em> (1986)<\/li><li>Jean-Rene Jannot: <em>Religion in Ancient Etruria<\/em> (2005)<\/li><li>Erika Simon: <em>Die G\u00f6tter der R\u00f6mer und Etrusker<\/em><\/li><li>Cornelia Weber-Lehmann: 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