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Painting\u300b\uff081986\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u6587\u72481985\u5e74\uff09\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u4ed6\u5728\u5893\u846c\u7e6a\u756b\u50b3\u7d71\u4e2d\u5716\u50cf\u5b78\u8108\u7d61\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/p><p>\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u5361\u502b\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u5c07\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5e0c\u81d8\uff0d\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u8207\u610f\u5927\u5229\uff0d\u7f85\u99ac\u5169\u5927\u50b3\u7d71\u4e4b\u9593\u626e\u6f14\u8457\u4e2d\u4ecb\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7279\u8cea\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u5728\u4eca\u65e5\u6e05\u695a\u5448\u73fe\uff0c\u5f97\u529b\u65bc\u99ac\u897f\u83ab\u00b7\u5e15\u6d1b\u63d0\u8afe\u3001\u96c5\u514b\u00b7\u5384\u723e\u8ca2\uff08Jacques Heurgon\uff09\u3001\u897f\u6bd4\u723e\u00b7\u6d77\u6069\u65af\uff08Sybille Haynes\uff09\u3001\u6bdb\u7f85\u00b7\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u6cd5\u5c3c\uff08Mauro Cristofani\uff09\u8207\u55ac\u51e1\u5c3c\u00b7\u79d1\u9686\u7d0d\uff08Giovanni Colonna\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4f7f\u9019\u500b\u81ea\u6210\u4e00\u9ad4\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u3002<\/p><p>\u5361\u502b\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u672b\u4e16\u8ad6\u4e2d\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u5957<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5c0d\u67d0\u4e00\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\u795e\u660e\u8207\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u6027\u6559\u7fa9\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5b78<\/span>\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u6e05\u695a\u5283\u5206\u7684\u7b49\u7d1a\u8207\u8077\u80fd\u5206\u914d\u3002\u8f03\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5e38\u5c07\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u67d0\u4e00\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u8af8\u795e\u7684\u7e3d\u548c\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u7cfb\uff08Pantheon\uff09<\/span>\u63cf\u7e6a\u6210\u300c\u795e\u79d8\u300d\u6216\u300c\u7570\u8cea\u300d\uff1b\u4f46\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u7368\u7acb\u5f62\u614b\uff0c\u6709\u8457\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u5361\u502b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5730\u4f4d\u683c\u5916\u6e05\u6670\u53ef\u898b\uff1a\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u501f\u81ea\u5e0c\u81d8\u8a9e\uff0c\u5176\u5f62\u8c61\u5247\u6301\u7e8c\u5f71\u97ff\u7f85\u99ac\u4eba\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u65bc\u5e0c\u81d8\u5f71\u97ff\u8207\u65b0\u8208\u7684\u7f85\u99ac\u5b97\u6559\u4e4b\u9593\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u4e2d\u4ecb\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u9019\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u5b78\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u50f9\u503c\u3002<\/p><p>\u8f03\u65e9\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u628a\u5361\u502b\u89e3\u8b80\u70ba\u5e0c\u81d8\u5361\u620e\uff08Charon\uff09\u7684\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u8b8a\u9ad4\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6c11\u65cf\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u5247\u5c07\u6574\u9ad4\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u81ea\u6210\u4e00\u9ad4\u3001\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u4e0a\u7368\u7acb\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u66f4\u7d30\u7dfb\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u5c07\u5176\u55ae\u7d14\u8996\u70ba\u5e0c\u81d8\u5b97\u6559\u5206\u652f\u7684\u50be\u5411\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u540d\u7a31\u8207\u8a5e\u6e90<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u5361\u502b\uff08Charun\uff09\u4e4b\u540d\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8\u8a9e\u7684\u5361\u620e\uff08Charon\uff09\u6709\u6df5\u6e90\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u4e0a\u666e\u904d\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u8a9e\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u501f\u81ea\u5e0c\u81d8\u8a9e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u50b3\u7d71\u5c0d\u5176\u6027\u683c\u8207\u8077\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e86\u76f8\u7576\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u7684\u6539\u9020\uff1a\u5361\u502b\u4e26\u975e\u51a5\u738b\u54c8\u5f97\u65af\uff08Hades\uff09\u7684\u64fa\u6e21\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u624b\u6301\u9435\u939a\u3001\u6709\u6642\u4f34\u96a8\u86c7\u7684\u7368\u7acb<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u5177\u6709\u6709\u5bb3\u6216\u77db\u76fe\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u6027\u5b58\u5728\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u60e1\u9b54<\/span>\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u9298\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u5893\u846c\u58c1\u756b\uff08\u5854\u723e\u594e\u5c3c\u4e9e\u3014Tarquinia\u3015\u3001\u70cf\u723e\u5947\u3014Vulci\u3015\u3001\u5967\u723e\u7dad\u8036\u6258\u3014Orvieto\u3015\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u9aa8\u7070\u7f48\uff08\u6c83\u723e\u6cf0\u62c9\u3014Volterra\u3015\u3001\u57fa\u70cf\u897f\u3014Chiusi\u3015\u3001\u4f69\u9b6f\u8cc8\u3014Perugia\u3015\uff09\u4e0a\u3002\u8d6b\u723e\u7a46\u7279\u00b7\u91cc\u514b\u65af\uff08Helmut Rix\uff09\u7684\u300aEditio Minor\u300b\u8a18\u9304\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u6587\u737b\u8b49\u64da\u3002<\/p><p>\u5361\u502b\u4e4b\u540d\u4ee5\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u6587\u5b57\u6d41\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00\u672c\u8eab\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5728\u8a9e\u7cfb\u4e0a\u5b64\u7acb\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5145\u5176\u91cf\u5c6c\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u5047\u8a2d\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u7279\u723e\u585e\u5c3c\u300d\u8a9e\u7cfb\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u9084\u5305\u62ec\u840a\u59c6\u8afe\u65af\u8a9e\uff08Lemnisch\uff09\u8207\u96f7\u8482\u4e9e\u8a9e\uff08Raetisch\uff09\u3002\u7834\u89e3\u9019\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u81ea19\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4f86\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5b78\u754c\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u8ab2\u984c\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p><p>\u5361\u502b\u5728\u5893\u846c\u58c1\u756b\u8207\u9aa8\u7070\u7f48\u4e0a\u7684\u9298\u6587\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u6536\u9304\u65bc\u8d6b\u723e\u7a46\u7279\u00b7\u91cc\u514b\u65af\u7684\u300aEditio Minor\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u8a9e\u8a9e\u6599\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u5f59\u7de8\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u66f4\u6709\u300a\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u8a9e\u8a5e\u5eab\u300b\uff08Thesaurus Linguae Etruscae\uff09\u53ca\u7dda\u4e0a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eabETP\uff08Etruscan Texts Project\uff09\u52a0\u4ee5\u88dc\u5145\u3002<\/p><p>\u5361\u502b\u9019\u500b\u501f\u81ea\u5e0c\u81d8\u8a9e\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u4e5f\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u8d77\u6e90\u9019\u500b\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\u8b70\u984c\u3002\u5e0c\u7f85\u591a\u5fb7\uff08Herodot\uff09\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u6e90\u81ea\u5442\u5e95\u4e9e\uff08Lydien\uff09\uff0c\u54c8\u5229\u5361\u7d0d\u7d22\u65af\u7684\u72c4\u5967\u5c3c\u4fee\u65af\uff08Dionysios von Halikarnass\uff09\u5247\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u610f\u5927\u5229\u672c\u571f\u5c45\u6c11\u3002\u9019\u5834\u722d\u8ad6\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u4e0a\u610f\u7fa9\u91cd\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u8207\u5c0f\u4e9e\u7d30\u4e9e\u5d07\u62dc\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u95dc\u806f\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p><p>\u5982\u4eca\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u8207\u7891\u9298\u5b78\u5bc6\u5207\u5408\u4f5c\uff0cETP\uff08Etruscan Texts Project\uff09\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u6587\u672c\u7684\u6578\u4f4d\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u65b9\u4fbf\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f03\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5c0d\u5361\u502b\u5404\u7a2e\u9298\u6587\u984c\u8fad\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u3002\u746a\u9e97\uff0d\u52de\u502b\u65af\u00b7\u54c8\u514b\uff08Marie-Laurence Haack\uff09\u8207\u6a0a\u5c1a\u00b7\u82e5\u5229\u97cb\uff08Vincent Jolivet\uff09\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u9818\u57df\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u958b\u5275\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u63cf\u8ff0\u8207\u5716\u50cf\u5b78<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u67e5\u9686\uff08Charun\uff09\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\uff08Etruscan\uff09\u85dd\u8853\u4e2d\u88ab\u63cf\u7e6a\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u4ee4\u4eba\u754f\u61fc\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u5177\u6709\u5bb3\u6027\u6216\u77db\u76fe\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u6027\u5b58\u5728\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u60e1\u9b54<\/span>\uff1a\u7559\u8457\u9b0d\u9b1a\u3001\u8033\u6735\u78a9\u5927\u3001\u9f3b\u5b50\u6b6a\u659c\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u5e36\u6709\u7fc5\u8180\uff0c\u4e26\u7e3d\u662f\u624b\u6301\u4e00\u628a\u5927\u9435\u939a\u3002\u5176\u914d\u8272\u591a\u70ba\u68d5\u7070\u8272\uff0c\u8c61\u5fb5\u8457\u9670\u9593\u7684\u8272\u8abf\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u5893\u5ba4\u58c1\u756b\uff08\u5854\u723e\u594e\u5c3c\u4e9e\u3014Tarquinia\u3015\u7684\u5361\u9f8d\u5893\u3014Tomba dei Carontes\u3015\uff0c\u7d04\u516c\u5143\u524d4\/3\u4e16\u7d00\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u67e5\u9686\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u9670\u9593\u4e4b\u9580\u524d\u7684\u9707\u64bc\u5834\u666f\u4e2d\u3002\u6709\u6642\u756b\u9762\u4e2d\u51fa\u73fe\u591a\u500b\u67e5\u9686\u60e1\u9b54\uff0c\u300c\u67e5\u9686\u00b7\u5b54\u5eab\u5229\u65af\u300d\uff08Charun Chunchulis\uff09\u3001\u300c\u67e5\u9686\u00b7\u80e1\u8328\u300d\uff08Charun Huths\uff09\u7b49\u5225\u7a31\u7686\u6709\u6587\u737b\u8a18\u8f09\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u591a\u91cd\u540d\u865f\u6697\u793a\u8457\u5404\u5177\u5340\u5225\u7684\u8077\u80fd\u3002<\/p><p>\u7531\u65bc\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u95dc\u65bc\u67e5\u9686\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u6587\u672c\u7559\u5b58\uff0c\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u85dd\u8853\u4fbf\u6210\u70ba\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u93e1\u5b50\u3001\u9676\u74f6\u3001\u5893\u5ba4\u58c1\u756b\u548c\u9752\u9285\u5668\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u5176\u8a8d\u8b58\u7684\u7d55\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5167\u5bb9\u3002\u62c9\u91cc\u85a9\u00b7\u90a6\u8303\u7279\uff08Larissa Bonfante\uff09\u5728\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5c07\u9019\u7a2e\u5716\u50cf\u8a9e\u8a00\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u52a0\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u50c5\u662f\u6d3e\u751f\u4e4b\u7269\u3002<\/p><p>\u67e5\u9686\u4e3b\u8981\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u5893\u5ba4\u58c1\u756b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u58c1\u756b\u5728\u5854\u723e\u594e\u5c3c\u4e9e\u3001\u5207\u723e\u97cb\u6cf0\u91cc\uff08Cerveteri\uff09\u548c\u6b66\u723e\u5947\uff08Vulci\uff09\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u8207\u672b\u4e16\u89c0\u5ff5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7b49\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5bb4\u98f2\u3001\u821e\u8e48\u3001\u97f3\u6a02\u5834\u666f\u4ee5\u53ca\u795e\u8a71\u60c5\u7bc0\uff0c\u5c07\u4f86\u4e16\u63cf\u7e6a\u70ba\u73fe\u4e16\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5ef6\u7e8c\u3002<\/p><p>\u67e5\u9686\u5e38\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u591a\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u5834\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u55ae\u7368\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8207\u51e1\u7279\uff08Vanth\uff09\u4e00\u540c\u7ad9\u5728\u9670\u9593\u4e4b\u9580\u524d\u3002\u9019\u9ad4\u73fe\u4e86\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u7814\u7a76\u5716\u50cf\u5167\u5bb9\u53ca\u5176\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u5b78\u554f\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5716\u50cf\u5b78<\/span>\u7684\u4e00\u9805\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5fb5\uff1a\u504f\u597d\u591a\u4eba\u7269\u69cb\u5716\u3001\u6558\u4e8b\u6027\u95dc\u806f\u8207\u8c61\u5fb5\u6027\u6fc3\u7e2e\uff0c\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u5716\u50cf\u5b78\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002<\/p><p>\u67e5\u9686\u7684\u984c\u9298\uff0c\u5982\u300c\u67e5\u9686\u00b7\u5b54\u5eab\u5229\u65af\u300d\u6216\u300c\u67e5\u9686\u00b7\u80e1\u8328\u300d\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5716\u50cf\u85dd\u8853\u904b\u4f5c\u4e4b\u7dca\u5bc6\uff1a\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u9762\u93e1\u5b50\u6216\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u9676\u74f6\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u6642\u5448\u73fe\u591a\u91cd\u795e\u8a71\u95dc\u806f\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u6558\u4e8b\u4e0a\u7684\u6fc3\u7e2e\u8981\u6c42\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u9032\u884c\u7d30\u7dfb\u7684\u8a9e\u5883\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u67e5\u9686\u8207\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u672b\u4e16\u89c0<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u67e5\u9686\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u8907\u96dc\u672b\u4e16\u89c0\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u5893\u5ba4\u58c1\u756b\u548c\u77f3\u68fa\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e38\u88ab\u63cf\u7e6a\u5728\u9670\u9593\u4e4b\u9580\u524d\uff0c\u8fce\u63a5\u5230\u4f86\u7684\u4ea1\u9748\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u9435\u939a\u8c61\u5fb5\u6027\u5730\u6a19\u793a\u8457\u751f\u8207\u6b7b\u7684\u5206\u754c\u3002<\/p><p>\u8b93-\u52d2\u5167\u00b7\u63da\u8afe\uff08Jean-Rene Jannot\uff09\u5c07\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u9670\u9593\u89c0\u5ff5\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u96d6\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u54c8\u8fea\u65af\uff08Hades\uff09\u89c0\u5ff5\u6709\u6240\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u537b\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5074\u91cd\u9ede\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u90a3\u5957\u9bae\u660e\u7684\u9670\u9593\u5716\u50cf\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u7279\u8272\u6240\u5728\u3002\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u986f\u7136\u5c07\u4f86\u4e16\u8a2d\u60f3\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u7d50\u69cb\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u500b\u60e1\u9b54\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002<\/p><p>\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8\u6216\u7f85\u99ac\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u67d0\u4e00\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u6d41\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u795e\u660e\u6558\u4e8b\u4e4b\u7e3d\u7a31\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u8a71<\/span>\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u795e\u8a71\u4e26\u672a\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u6587\u672c\u6d41\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u67e5\u9686\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u662f\u5f9e\u5716\u50cf\u8cc7\u6599\u3001\u9298\u6587\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e0c\u81d8\u7f85\u99ac\u7684\u4e8c\u6b21\u8a18\u8f09\u4e2d\u91cd\u5efa\u800c\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u9700\u8981\u7279\u5225\u8b39\u614e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u8655\u7406\u3002<\/p><p>\u67e5\u9686\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8\u5361\u9686\uff08Charon\uff09\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5169\u5957\u795e\u8a71\u9ad4\u7cfb\u8907\u96dc\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u8b49\uff1a\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u5927\u91cf\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u95dc\u65bc\u963f\u57fa\u91cc\u65af\uff08Achilleus\uff09\u3001\u5967\u5fb7\u4fee\u65af\uff08Odysseus\uff09\u6216\u4f0a\u5e95\u5e15\u65af\uff08\u00d6dipus\uff09\u7684\u5e0c\u81d8\u984c\u6750\uff0c\u537b\u8ce6\u4e88\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\u8207\u5074\u91cd\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u6539\u7de8\u662f\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002<\/p><p>\u67e5\u9686\u5728\u9670\u9593\u5e38\u8207\u51e1\u7279\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u60e1\u9b54\u5171\u540c\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u9bae\u5c11\u55ae\u7368\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u9019\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u7814\u7a76\u67d0\u4e00\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\u795e\u660e\u8207\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5b78\u554f\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5b78<\/span>\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u5178\u578b\u7684\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u5373\u773e\u795e\u6703\u8b70\uff08consensus deorum\uff09\uff1a\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff08Tinia\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u795e\u660e\u5546\u8b70\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7368\u81ea\u884c\u4e8b\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u7279\u6b8a\u4e4b\u8655\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u795e\u8a71\u50b3\u7d71\u4e26\u975e\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6574\u6558\u4e8b\u6d41\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86\uff1b\u67e5\u9686\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u5f9e\u5716\u50cf\u5834\u666f\u3001\u9298\u6587\u548c\u4e8c\u6b21\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u9010\u6b65\u89e3\u8b80\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u4e00\u7a2e\u884c\u4e4b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u7d50\u5408\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u984c\u9298\u3001\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u539f\u578b\u4ee5\u53ca\u8a9e\u5883\u89e3\u8b80\uff0c\u800c\u67e5\u9686\u773e\u591a\u7684\u5225\u7a31\u66f4\u8981\u6c42\u683c\u5916\u7d30\u7dfb\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u795e\u8a71\u6558\u4e8b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8\u8cc7\u6599\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u6d41\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u67e5\u9686\u6558\u4e8b\u3002\u6211\u5011\u6240\u77e5\u7684\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u90fd\u4f86\u81ea\u5716\u50cf\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u5728\u77f3\u68fa\uff08\u5854\u723e\u594e\u5c3c\u4e9e\u3001\u6c83\u723e\u6cf0\u62c9\u3014Volterra\u3015\uff09\u4e0a\uff0c\u67e5\u9686\u5e38\u88ab\u63cf\u7e6a\u65bc\u96e2\u5225\u5834\u666f\u4e2d\uff1a\u4ea1\u8005\u5411\u751f\u8005\u544a\u5225\uff0c\u67e5\u9686\u5247\u5c07\u4ed6\u5e36\u5f80\u9670\u9593\u3002<\/p><p>\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u5834\u666f\u63cf\u7e6a\u67e5\u9686\u6bba\u6b7b\u963f\u57fa\u91cc\u65af\uff08Achillei\uff09\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u795e\u8a71\u82f1\u96c4\u2014\u2014\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u6539\u7de8\u4e2d\uff0c\u67e5\u9686\u4e3b\u52d5\u4ecb\u5165\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u9019\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5728\u5e0c\u81d8\u50b3\u7d71\u4e2d\u54c8\u8fea\u65af\u751a\u5c11\u76f4\u63a5\u51fa\u624b\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u300c\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5360\u8853\u300d\uff08Disciplina Etrusca\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u7531\u81df\u535c\u8853\uff08haruspicina\uff09\u3001\u96f7\u5360\u8853\uff08fulguratio\uff09\u8207\u9ce5\u5360\u8853\uff08auspicia\uff09\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u5360\u535c\u9ad4\u7cfb\u3002\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u5c07\u5176\u50b3\u627f\u7d66\u7f85\u99ac\u4eba\uff0c\u8a72\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e00\u76f4\u6cbf\u7528\u81f3\u516c\u51434\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u4ecd\u662f\u6d3b\u8e8d\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\uff1b\u897f\u585e\u7f85\uff08Cicero\uff09\u8207\u585e\u5167\u5361\uff08Seneca\uff09\u90fd\u5c0d\u5176\u6709\u8a73\u76e1\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/p><p>\u300c\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5360\u8853\u300d\u662f\u5728\u5c08\u9580\u7684\u796d\u53f8\u5b78\u6821\u4e2d\u50b3\u6388\u7684\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6587\u737b\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u5100\u5f0f\u66f8\u300b\uff08Libri Rituales\uff09\u3001\u300a\u81df\u535c\u66f8\u300b\uff08Libri Haruspicini\uff09\u8207\u300a\u96f7\u5360\u66f8\u300b\uff08Libri Fulgurales\uff09\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6587\u737b\u5df2\u7d93\u5931\u50b3\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u7f85\u99ac\u6587\u737b\u4e2d\u7684\u5f15\u6587\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u897f\u585e\u7f85\u3001\u8cbb\u65af\u5716\u65af\uff08Festus\uff09\u8207\u99ac\u514b\u7f85\u6bd4\u70cf\u65af\uff08Macrobius\uff09\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u52a0\u4ee5\u91cd\u5efa\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5c0d\u67d0\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u6216\u795e\u8056\u5b58\u5728\u6240\u9032\u884c\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5b97\u6559\u656c\u62dc\u884c\u70ba\u4e4b\u7e3d\u7a31\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u796d\u7940<\/span>\u8207\u5404\u500b\u57ce\u90a6\u7dca\u5bc6\u76f8\u9023\u3002\u5854\u723e\u594e\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u67e5\u9686\u5728\u5893\u5ba4\u58c1\u756b\u4e2d\u683c\u5916\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u64c1\u6709\u5176\u7368\u7279\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u796d\u7940\u8207\u5b97\u6559\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5207\u96f7\uff08Caere\uff09\u3001\u6b66\u723e\u5947\u3001\u7dad\u4f0a\uff08Veji\uff09\u3001\u514b\u76e7\u897f\u59c6\uff08Clusium\uff09\u3001\u6c83\u723e\u897f\u5c3c\u4f0a\uff08Volsinii\uff09\u3001\u79d1\u723e\u6258\u7d0d\uff08Cortona\uff09\u3001\u4f69\u9b6f\u8cc8\uff08Perugia\uff09\u3001\u963f\u96f7\u4f50\uff08Arezzo\uff09\u3001\u6c83\u723e\u6cf0\u62c9\u3001\u6ce2\u666e\u6d1b\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff08Populonia\uff09\u8207\u7f85\u585e\u840a\uff08Roselle\uff09\u4e00\u6a23\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u5957\u878d\u8cab\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5360\u535c\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u300c\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5360\u8853\u300d\u662f\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u5360\u535c\u5be6\u8e10\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u7f85\u99ac\u4eba\u7cfb\u7d71\u5730\u627f\u8972\u4e86\u9019\u5957\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e26\u4f7f\u5176\u4e00\u76f4\u6cbf\u7528\u81f3<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5e0c\u81d8\u8207\u7f85\u99ac\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u7d04\u516c\u5143\u524d800\u5e74\u81f3\u516c\u5143600\u5e74\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u53e4\u4ee3\u665a\u671f<\/span>\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u9817\u70ba\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u5ef6\u7e8c\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u5ef6\u7e8c\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u6b7b\u4ea1\u53ca\u5176\u5f15\u5c0e\u8005\uff08\u5982\u67e5\u9686\uff09\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e5f\u6301\u7e8c\u767c\u63ee\u8457\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u796d\u5100\u8207\u5100\u5f0f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u5361\u502b(Charun)\u4e26\u975e\u4ee5\u5967\u6797\u5339\u65af\u773e\u795e(Atua)\u90a3\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d7\u5230\u300c\u5d07\u62dc\u300d\u3002\u4ed6\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5c0d\u67d0\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u6216\u795e\u8056\u5b58\u5728\u6240\u9032\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u5b97\u6559\u5d07\u656c\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u7e3d\u7a31\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u796d\u5100<\/span>\u4e3b\u8981\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u846c\u79ae\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d:\u55aa\u79ae\u4e0a\u6703\u8aa6\u5ff5\u8207\u5361\u502b\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u795d\u79b1\u8a5e,\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u6b7b\u4ea1,\u4e26\u78ba\u4fdd\u4ea1\u8005\u5b89\u5168\u88ab\u5f15\u6e21\u81f3\u9670\u9593\u3002<\/p><p>\u77f3\u68fa\u8207\u9aa8\u7070\u7f48\u4e0a\u5e38\u88dd\u98fe\u6709\u5361\u502b\u7684\u5716\u50cf,\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u5c0d\u4ea1\u8005\u7684\u300c\u8b77\u9001\u300d\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u7fd2\u4fd7\u6b77\u7d93\u6578\u767e\u5e74,\u8db3\u898b\u5361\u502b\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u846c\u846c\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u7528\u65bc\u796d\u62dc\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5edf<\/span>\u5c55\u73fe\u51fa\u7368\u7279\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u98a8\u683c:\u5854\u65af\u574e\u67f1\u5f0f(Tuscanus)\u81ea\u6210\u4e00\u5957\u67f1\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71,\u7dad\u7279\u9b6f\u5a01(Vitruv)\u5728\u300a\u5efa\u7bc9\u5341\u66f8\u300b(De Architectura)\u4e2d\u5c0d\u6b64\u6709\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u9019\u985e\u795e\u5edf\u7684\u5e73\u9762\u5e03\u5c40\u5f37\u8abf\u5167\u6bbf(Cella)\u8207\u5bec\u95ca\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u9580\u5eca,\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8\u795e\u5edf\u539f\u578b\u6709\u660e\u986f\u5340\u5225\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u7528\u65bc\u796d\u62dc\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5edf<\/span>\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5b8f\u5049\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u3002\u7f85\u99ac\u5361\u6bd4\u6258\u5229\u6b50\u5c71\u4e0a\u7684\u6731\u5e87\u7279(Iuppiter)<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u7528\u65bc\u796d\u62dc\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5edf<\/span>,\u4fbf\u662f\u7531\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u8207\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u6240\u5efa\u9020,\u5176\u4e2d\u7dad\u4f0a\u57ce(Veji)\u7684\u6c83\u723e\u5361(Vulca)\u5c24\u70ba\u95dc\u9375,\u6b64\u5edf\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u7f85\u99ac\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u898b\u8b49\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5341\u4e8c\u57ce\u540c\u76df\u6bcf\u5e74\u6703\u5728\u6c83\u897f\u5c3c(Volsinii)\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6c83\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u8056\u5730(Fanum Voltumnae)\u96c6\u6703,\u5546\u8a0e\u5b97\u6559\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u4e8b\u52d9\u3002\u6c83\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d(Voltumna)\u662f\u9019\u500b\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u57ce\u90a6\u806f\u76df\u7684\u76df\u7d04\u4e4b\u795e,\u64c1\u6709\u8d85\u8d8a\u500b\u5225\u57ce\u90a6\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u8b77\u8eab\u50b3\u7d71\u8207\u8f9f\u90aa\u7fd2\u4fd7<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u4eba\u5011\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u5728\u7948\u6c42\u4fdd\u8b77\u6642\u547c\u6c42\u5361\u502b(Charun),\u4ed6\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u4eba\u5011\u60f3\u8981\u8eb2\u907f\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002\u907f\u90aa\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u65e8\u5728\u9632\u6b62\u4ed6\u904e\u65e9\u73fe\u8eab:\u5065\u5eb7\u7948\u798f\u5100\u5f0f\u3001\u5c0d\u6297\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u8b77\u8eab\u5492\u8a9e,\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\u64fa\u653e\u8b77\u8eab\u7269\u54c1\u3002<\/p><p>\u7136\u800c\u5728\u846c\u79ae\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d,\u5361\u502b\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8ce6\u4e88\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u547c\u6c42,\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5f15\u6e21\u4ea1\u8005\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u966a\u4f34\u8005,\u800c\u975e\u4ee4\u4eba\u6050\u61fc\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u77db\u76fe\u614b\u5ea6\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u4e0a\u9817\u5177\u7814\u7a76\u50f9\u503c\u3002<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u8b77\u8eab\u7fd2\u4fd7\u64c1\u6709\u70ba\u6578\u773e\u591a\u7684\u907f\u90aa\u5668\u7269:\u967d\u5177\u8b77\u8eab\u7b26\u3001\u86c7\u9aee\u5973\u5996(Gorgoneion)\u5716\u50cf\u3001\u773c\u5f62\u7b26\u865f\u3001\u5713\u5f62\u8b77\u8eab\u76d2(Bullae)\u4ee5\u53ca\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5492\u8a9e\u3002\u62c9\u91cc\u85a9\u00b7\u90a6\u51e1\u7279(Larissa Bonfante)\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u93e1\u5b50\u300b(Etruscan Mirrors,1980\u5e74\u8d77)\u4e2d,\u5df2\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u8b77\u8eab\u7b26\u865f\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u8a9e\u8a00\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u68b3\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/p><p>\u8af8\u5982\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u4e4b\u773c(Auge des Tinia)\u3001\u967d\u5177\u8b77\u8eab\u7b26\u8207\u86c7\u9aee\u5973\u5996\u7b49\u907f\u90aa\u7b26\u865f,\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u5341\u5206\u666e\u904d\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u88dd\u98fe\u8457<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u7528\u65bc\u796d\u62dc\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5edf<\/span>\u3001\u5893\u7a74\u3001\u5bb6\u4e2d\u795e\u9f95\u8207\u500b\u4eba\u7269\u54c1,\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u7fd2\u4fd7\u5f8c\u4f86\u4e5f\u5ef6\u7e8c\u5230\u7f85\u99ac\u53ca\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5730\u5340\u7684\u6c11\u9593\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e2d\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8108\u7d61\u88e1,\u8b77\u8eab\u7fd2\u4fd7\u8207\u300c\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u6559\u7fa9\u300d(Disciplina Etrusca)\u7dca\u5bc6\u76f8\u9023\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u5efa\u57ce\u3001\u51fa\u5f81\u9084\u662f\u5efa\u5c4b,\u4efb\u4f55\u91cd\u5927\u884c\u52d5\u4e4b\u524d,\u4eba\u5011\u90fd\u6703\u5148\u5c0b\u6c42\u5360\u535c\u7684\u6307\u5f15\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u795e\u8a71<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u5361\u502b(Charun)\u5728\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u5361\u9686(Charon,\u901a\u5f80\u9670\u9593\u7684\u64fa\u6e21\u8005),\u4f46\u5e36\u6709\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7279\u8272\u3002\u5c31\u5b97\u6559\u6bd4\u8f03\u800c\u8a00,\u4e5f\u53ef\u5c07\u4ed6\u8207\u57c3\u53ca\u7684\u5f15\u9b42\u4e4b\u795e\u963f\u52aa\u6bd4\u65af(Anubis)\u3001\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u795e\u8a71\u4e2d\u7684\u6d77\u723e(Hel)\u76f8\u95dc\u9b54\u7269,\u6216\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u9054\u7c73\u4e9e\u7684\u52a0\u62c9(Galla)\u9b54\u7269\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f03\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5361\u502b\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u7368\u7279\u4e4b\u8655,\u5728\u65bc\u5176\u9bae\u660e\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u8a9e\u8a00\u8207\u300c\u6301\u939a\u5f62\u8c61\u300d(Hammer-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u7814\u7a76\u5716\u50cf\u5167\u5bb9\u53ca\u5176\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u5b78\u554f\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5716\u50cf\u5b78<\/span>)\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u939a\u5b50\u8c61\u5fb5\u5728\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5176\u4ed6\u55aa\u846c\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u8f03\u70ba\u7f55\u898b,\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7368\u6709\u7684\u7279\u8272\u3002<\/p><p>\u900f\u904e\u300c\u7f85\u99ac\u5f0f\u8a6e\u91cb\u300d(interpretatio Romana),\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u795e\u660e\u88ab\u5957\u4e0a\u7f85\u99ac\u540d\u7a31:\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e(Tinia)\u8b8a\u6210\u6731\u5e87\u7279(Iupiter),\u70cf\u5c3c(Uni)\u8b8a\u6210\u6731\ufffd\u8afe(Iuno),\u9580\u723e\u74e6(Menrva)\u8b8a\u6210\u5bc6\u6d85\u74e6(Minerva)\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5c0d\u61c9\u5927\u591a\u662f\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u4e14\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684;\u8fd1\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u91d0\u6e05\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u539f\u6709\u7279\u8272\u4e2d\u54ea\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\u5f97\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7559\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u8207\u5b89\u7d0d\u6258\u5229\u4e9e\u3001\u8153\u5c3c\u57fa\u53ca\u8fd1\u6771\u50b3\u7d71\u6709\u8457\u8af8\u591a\u63a5\u89f8\u9ede\u3002\u76ae\u723e\u5409\u91d1\u677f(Pyrgi-Tafeln)\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u8153\u5c3c\u57fa\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4f5c\u7528,\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u8de8\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u7684\u7db2\u7d61\u9023\u7d50,\u6b63\u662f\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p><p>\u5c31\u5b97\u6559\u6bd4\u8f03\u800c\u8a00,\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5c0d\u67d0\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u6216\u795e\u8056\u5b58\u5728\u6240\u9032\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u5b97\u6559\u5d07\u656c\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u7e3d\u7a31\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u796d\u5100<\/span>\u5c6c\u65bc\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5b97\u6559\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206,\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8\u3001\u8153\u5c3c\u57fa\u3001\u57c3\u53ca\u3001\u5b89\u7d0d\u6258\u5229\u4e9e\u53ca\u62c9\u4e01\u59c6\u5730\u5340\u7686\u6709\u95dc\u806f\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u7db2\u7d61\u9023\u7d50\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u7576\u4ee3\u7814\u7a76<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4f86,\u5361\u502b(Charun)\u7814\u7a76\u5f97\u76ca\u65bc\u65b0\u7684\u8003\u53e4\u767c\u6398,\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u77f3\u68fa\u8207\u5893\u5ba4\u58c1\u756b\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u65af\u5766\u683c\u62c9\u4f2f(Stephan Steingr\u00e4ber)\u3001\u827e\u8389\u5361\u00b7\u897f\u8499(Erika Simon)\u8207\u79d1\u59ae\u8389\u4e9e\u00b7\u97cb\u4f2f-\u96f7\u66fc(Cornelia Weber-Lehmann)\u7686\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u8ca2\u737b\u3002<\/p><p>\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5bc6\u5207\u63a2\u8a0e\u5e0c\u81d8\u5361\u9686(Charon)\u50b3\u7d71\u8207\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5361\u502b\u7368\u7acb\u6027\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u5716\u50cf\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u7570,\u662f\u8b49\u660e\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7368\u7279\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u8b49\u64da\u3002<\/p><p>\u5982\u4eca\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u5728\u570b\u969b\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5305\u62ec\u4f5b\u7f85\u502b\u65af\u5927\u5b78\u3001\u7f85\u99ac\u667a\u6167\u5927\u5b78(Sapienza)\u3001\u6bd4\u85a9\u5927\u5b78\u3001\u5716\u8cd3\u6839\u5927\u5b78\u8207\u666e\u6797\u65af\u9813\u5927\u5b78,\u6bcf\u5e74\u90fd\u6709\u591a\u5834\u570b\u969b\u6703\u8b70\u805a\u7126\u65bc\u9019\u9580\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5404\u500b\u9762\u5411\u3002<\/p><p>\u7576\u4eca\u91dd\u5c0d\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u570b\u969b\u7814\u7a76\u9805\u76ee,\u5df2\u63a1\u7528\u6578\u4f4d\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5:\u5c0d\u795e\u5edf\u8207\u5893\u7a74\u9032\u884c\u4e09\u7dad\u6383\u63cf\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u9298\u6587\u8207\u5716\u50cf\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab,\u4ee5\u53ca\u904b\u7528\u5730\u7406\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7cfb\u7d71(GIS)\u5206\u6790\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u805a\u843d\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u70ba\u7814\u7a76\u958b\u555f\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\u9014\u5f91\u3002<\/p><p>\u7576\u4eca\u7684\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c,\u900f\u904e\u5c55\u89bd\u5411\u5927\u773e\u50b3\u64ad,\u4f8b\u5982\u68b5\u8482\u5ca1\u535a\u7269\u9928\u3001\u6731\u8389\u4e9e\u5225\u5885\u570b\u7acb\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u535a\u7269\u9928(Museo Nazionale Etrusco di Villa Giulia)\u8207\u6ce2\u58eb\u9813\u7f8e\u8853\u9928(Boston Museum of Fine Arts),\u4e26\u85c9\u7531\u5927\u91cf\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u5ee3\u6cdb\u50b3\u64ad\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\u8207\u7814\u7a76\u73fe\u6cc1<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u5361\u502b\u7814\u7a76\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u662f\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5893\u846c\u58c1\u756b\uff08\u5854\u723e\u594e\u5c3c\u4e9e\u3001\u70cf\u723e\u5947\u3001\u5967\u723e\u7dad\u8036\u6258\uff09\u3001\u77f3\u68fa\uff08\u6c83\u723e\u6cf0\u62c9\u3001\u57fa\u70cf\u897f\u3001\u4f69\u9b6f\u8cc8\uff09\u3001\u9aa8\u7070\u7f48\u4ee5\u53ca\u9298\u6587\u3002\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u65bd\u6cf0\u56e0\u683c\u96f7\u4f2f\uff08Stephan Steingr\u00e4ber\uff09\u7684\u300aEtruscan Painting\u300b\u662f\u5893\u846c\u7e6a\u756b\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u8457\u4f5c\u3002<\/p><p>\u5c07\u5361\u502b\u7f6e\u65bc\u6574\u9ad4<a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/zh-hant\/etruscan-religion-haruspex-disciplina\/\">\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u53f2<\/a>\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u4f5c\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8a0e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u5361\u502b\u5982\u4f55\u8207\u51e1\u65af\uff08Vanth\uff09\u3001\u827e\u5854\uff08Aita\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u51a5\u754c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u7db2\u7d61\u4e2d\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u95dc\u806f\u6027\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u4e0a\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p><p>\u6709\u95dc\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\u76f8\u7576\u591a\u5143\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8d6b\u723e\u7a46\u7279\u00b7\u91cc\u514b\u65af\u7684\u300aEditio Minor\u300b\u4e00\u985e\u7684\u7891\u9298\u8b49\u64da\u3001\u8003\u53e4\u767c\u73fe\u3001\u5716\u50cf\u8cc7\u6599\u8207\u4e8c\u624b\u6587\u737b\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u8de8\u5b78\u79d1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u5c07\u8a9e\u6587\u5b78\u3001<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u900f\u904e\u7269\u8cea\u907a\u5b58\u7814\u7a76\u904e\u53bb\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u8003\u53e4\u5b78<\/span>\u3001<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f03\u65b9\u5f0f\u7814\u7a76\u5404\u7a2e\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5b97\u6559\u5b78<\/span>\u8207\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7cfb\u7d71\u5730\u7d50\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\u3002<\/p><p>\u82e5\u8981\u5c0d\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u9032\u884c\u8cc7\u6599\u8003\u8b49\u5f0f\u7684\u63a2\u7a76\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u540c\u6642\u638c\u63e1\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e0c\u81d8\uff0d\u7f85\u99ac\u7684\u4e8c\u624b\u50b3\u4e16\u6587\u737b\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u96d9\u91cd\u8996\u89d2\u8981\u6c42\u9817\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u65bc\u6070\u7576\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u91cd\u5efa\u800c\u8a00\u537b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u3002<\/p><p>\u5c0d\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u4f5c\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8a0e\uff0c\u9808\u4ee5\u638c\u63e1\u7891\u9298\u3001\u8003\u53e4\u8207\u6587\u737b\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u73fe\u4ee3<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f03\u65b9\u5f0f\u7814\u7a76\u5404\u7a2e\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5b97\u6559\u5b78<\/span>\u70ba\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u591a\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u63a2\u8a0e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5b78\u754c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u505a\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2f309a89 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2f309a89\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2de4f00c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2de4f00c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u5854\u723e\u594e\u5c3c\u4e9e\u8207\u6b66\u723e\u5947\u5893\u846c\u58c1\u756b\u4e2d\u7684\u5361\u502b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c2bd5bf e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2c2bd5bf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp20d29714 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp20d29714\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u95dc\u65bc\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u6b7b\u4ea1\u60e1\u9b54\u5361\u502b(Charun)\u6700\u751f\u52d5\u7684\u8b49\u64da,\u4f86\u81ea\u7e6a\u6709\u58c1\u756b\u7684\u5893\u846c\u5efa\u7bc9,\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5854\u723e\u594e\u5c3c\u4e9e(Tarquinia)\u8207\u6b66\u723e\u5947(Vulci)\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u5854\u723e\u594e\u5c3c\u4e9e\u7684\u300c\u5730\u7344\u4e4b\u5893\u300d(Tomba dell&#8217;Orco)\u4e2d,\u5176\u58c1\u756b\u7e6a\u88fd\u65bc\u516c\u5143\u524d4\u4e16\u7d00,\u5361\u502b\u591a\u6b21\u51fa\u73fe:\u5448\u73fe\u70ba\u9df9\u9264\u9f3b\u3001\u76ae\u819a\u7070\u767d\u6216\u5e36\u9752\u8272\u3001\u8033\u6735\u5c16\u7d30\u7684\u5f62\u8c61,\u624b\u6301\u6c89\u91cd\u7684\u9318\u5b50,\u9019\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u6a19\u8a8c\u6027\u6cd5\u5668\u3002\u65c1\u908a\u7684\u9298\u6587\u4ee5\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u6587\u5b57\u6a19\u660e\u4eba\u7269\u540d\u7a31,\u78ba\u8a8d\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u8eab\u5206\u3002<\/p><p>\u7279\u5225\u5177\u6709\u555f\u767c\u6027\u7684\u662f\u6b66\u723e\u5947\u7684\u300c\u5f17\u6717\u7d22\u74e6\u4e4b\u5893\u300d(Fran\u00e7ois-Tombe),\u540c\u6a23\u5c6c\u65bc\u516c\u5143\u524d4\u4e16\u7d00\u3002\u5893\u4e2d\u4e00\u5e45\u5834\u666f\u63cf\u7e6a\u963f\u57fa\u91cc\u65af(Achill)\u8655\u6c7a\u7279\u6d1b\u4f0a\u4fd8\u865c,\u5361\u502b\u4e5f\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u3002<\/p><p>\u5361\u502b\u4f5c\u70ba\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u4f34\u96a8\u8005\u7ad9\u5728\u4e8b\u4ef6\u65c1\u908a,\u81ea\u5df1\u4e26\u4e0d\u52d5\u624b,\u5f77\u5f7f\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u5834\u898b\u8b49\u4e26\u4fc3\u6210\u901a\u5f80\u5f7c\u5cb8\u7684\u904e\u6e21\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6b63\u662f\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5361\u502b\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u6240\u5728:\u4ed6\u662f\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u8005\u8207\u5f15\u5c0e\u8005,\u800c\u975e\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u9020\u6210\u8005\u3002<\/p><p>\u5361\u502b\u5e7e\u4e4e\u7e3d\u662f\u651c\u5e36\u7684\u90a3\u628a\u9318\u5b50,\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u754c\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89e3\u8b80\u3002\u4e00\u7a2e\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u8a8d\u70ba,\u9019\u4f4d<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u5177\u6709\u6709\u5bb3\u6216\u77db\u76fe\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u9748\u6027\u5b58\u5728\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u60e1\u9b54<\/span>\u662f\u7528\u5b83\u4f86\u300c\u5c01\u5370\u300d\u6216\u300c\u95dc\u9589\u300d\u5893\u7a74,\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u95dc\u9589\u751f\u547d\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5247\u8a8d\u70ba\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6b66\u5668\u6216\u7528\u65bc\u64ca\u6253\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u591a\u91cd\u542b\u7fa9\u6216\u8a31\u6b63\u662f\u6709\u610f\u70ba\u4e4b\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u5893\u846c\u58c1\u756b\u4e2d,\u5361\u502b\u7d93\u5e38\u8207\u51e1\u7279(Vanth)\u4e00\u540c\u51fa\u73fe,\u51e1\u7279\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6709\u7ffc\u7684\u5973\u6027\u51a5\u754c\u5f62\u8c61,\u901a\u5e38\u63cf\u7e6a\u5f97\u8f03\u70ba\u6eab\u548c\u53cb\u5584\u3002<\/p><p>\u5361\u502b\u8207\u51e1\u7279\u9019\u5c0d\u642d\u6a94\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u53cd\u8986\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u6a21\u5f0f,\u5c07\u6b7b\u4ea1\u5448\u73fe\u70ba\u7531\u5169\u7a2e\u4e92\u88dc\u529b\u91cf\u5171\u540c\u4f34\u96a8\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u4f86\u4e16\u89c0\u5ff5\u4e5f\u898b\u65bc\u9130\u8fd1\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/zh-hant\/etruscan-religion-haruspex-disciplina\/\">\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u6587\u5316<\/a>\u4e4b\u4e2d,\u4f46\u5361\u502b\u9019\u4e00\u5177\u9ad4\u5f62\u8c61\u5247\u662f\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7279\u6709\u7684\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ce4341f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2ce4341f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp235880bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp235880bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u5361\u502b\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u5361\u9686:\u4e00\u9805\u8b39\u614e\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp280ff0fc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp280ff0fc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp218a251a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp218a251a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u5361\u502b(Charun)\u9019\u500b\u540d\u5b57\u986f\u7136\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u64fa\u6e21\u4eba\u5361\u9686(Charon)\u6709\u95dc,\u65e9\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\u5730\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u501f\u7528\u3002\u7136\u800c\u7d30\u7a76\u4e4b\u4e0b,\u5169\u8005\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u5176\u5be6\u66f4\u70ba\u8907\u96dc,\u9019\u500b\u6848\u4f8b\u6b63\u597d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u8b66\u793a\u4e0d\u61c9\u8349\u7387\u5730\u5c07\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u300c\u5e0c\u81d8\u5316\u300d\u3002<\/p><p>\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u5361\u9686\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u64fa\u6e21\u4eba:\u4ed6\u7684\u8077\u8cac\u662f\u5c07\u4ea1\u9b42\u6e21\u904e\u963f\u523b\u620e\u6cb3(Acheron),\u70ba\u6b64\u6536\u53d6\u4e00\u679a\u6b50\u6ce2\u7f85\u65af(Obolos)\u4f5c\u70ba\u8239\u8cc7\u3002\u4ed6\u813e\u6c23\u66b4\u8e81,\u4f46\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u4ecd\u662f\u51a5\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u540d\u670d\u52d9\u8005\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b,\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u5361\u502b\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u64fa\u6e21\u4eba\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u5716\u50cf\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d,\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5212\u8239,\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6536\u53d6\u8239\u8cc7\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u624b\u6301\u9318\u5b50\u7684\u6050\u6016\u5f62\u8c61,\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u6b7b\u4ea1\u767c\u751f\u4e4b\u969b,\u8ca0\u8cac\u5f15\u5c0e\u6216\u5b88\u8b77\u4ea1\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5916\u8c8c\u5e36\u6709\u60e1\u9b54\u822c\u3001\u4ee4\u4eba\u754f\u61fc\u7684\u8089\u9ad4\u5a01\u8105\u611f,\u800c\u5361\u9686\u5247\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u63cf\u7e6a\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u5e74\u8001\u3001\u84ec\u982d\u57a2\u9762\u7684\u7537\u5b50\u3002<\/p><p>\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u662f,\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u5f9e\u5e0c\u81d8\u6587\u5316\u5708\u501f\u7528\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u540d\u5b57,\u537b\u5c07\u5176\u8207\u81ea\u8eab\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u70ba\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u672c\u571f\u51a5\u754c\u89c0\u5ff5\u7d50\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5361\u502b\u6709\u6642\u4ee5\u8907\u6578\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73fe,\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u591a\u500b\u300c\u5361\u502b\u300d\u4e26\u5b58,\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u4e5f\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u53cd\u99c1\u4e86\u55ae\u7d14\u8907\u88fd\u5e0c\u81d8\u55ae\u4e00\u4eba\u7269\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u3002<\/p><p>\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b78\u8005\u63a8\u6e2c,\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u5361\u502b\u80cc\u5f8c\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u4e00\u6574\u985e\u6b7b\u4ea1\u60e1\u9b54,\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u56e0\u501f\u7528\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u540d\u5b57\u800c\u88ab\u7279\u5225\u7a81\u986f\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u6bd4\u8f03\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8aaa\u660e,\u64c1\u6709\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u50cf\u5e0c\u81d8\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u795e\u7947,\u4e0d\u80fd\u8f15\u6613\u5730\u8207\u5176\u5e0c\u81d8\u540c\u540d\u8005\u7b49\u540c\u8996\u4e4b\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26a4771c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp26a4771c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp28059f35 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp28059f35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u5361\u9b6f(Charu)\u3001\u5716\u695a\u723e\u590f(Tuchulcha)\u8207\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u51a5\u754c\u7684\u6210\u54e1<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp23562a36 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp23562a36\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26c9a3e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp26c9a3e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u5361\u9f8d(Charun)\u662f\u51a5\u754c\u773e\u591a\u4eba\u7269\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206,\u5176\u78ba\u5207\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u79e9\u5e8f\u6211\u5011\u50c5\u80fd\u7565\u77e5\u8f2a\u5ed3,\u800c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u7d55\u975e\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba(Etrusker)\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4f86\u4e16\u60e1\u9748\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u8eab\u65c1\u9084\u6709\u51e1\u65af(Vanth),\u9019\u4f4d\u9577\u6709\u7fc5\u8180\u7684\u5f15\u6e21\u8005,\u5e38\u6301\u706b\u70ac\u6216\u86c7\u3002<\/p><p>\u6b64\u5916\u9084\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u5716\u8d6b\u723e\u6070(Tuchulcha),\u4e00\u500b\u683c\u5916\u4ee4\u4eba\u6050\u61fc\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4e00\u7a2e\u878d\u5408\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u751f\u7269\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u6df7\u5408\u751f\u7269<\/span>,\u9577\u8457\u9a62\u8033\u3001\u9df9\u5599\u548c\u86c7,\u4e3b\u8981\u898b\u65bc\u5854\u723e\u594e\u5c3c\u4e9e(Tarquinia)\u7684\u5967\u723e\u79d1\u5893(Tomba dell&#8217;Orco),\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u5b83\u5728\u51a5\u754c\u5a01\u5687\u5fd2\u4fee\u65af(Theseus)\u3002<\/p><p>\u9019\u5957\u5206\u5316\u7d30\u7dfb\u7684\u60e1\u9748\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u5b58\u5728,\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4f86\u4e16\u89c0\u5ff5\u5167\u90e8\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u7591\u554f\u3002\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4e00\u500b\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u6d41\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u795e\u8a71\u6558\u4e8b\u7684\u7e3d\u9ad4\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u8a71<\/span>\u4e0d\u540c,\u5f8c\u8005\u4ee5\u54c8\u8fea\u65af(Hades)\u3001\u6ce2\u745f\u82ac\u59ae(Persephone)\u53ca\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u5b8c\u5099\u7684\u795e\u8a71\u9ad4\u7cfb,\u69cb\u5efa\u51fa\u6558\u4e8b\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u4ea1\u9748\u4e16\u754c,\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u6587\u737b\u537b\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u7559\u4e0b\u9023\u8cab\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u3002<\/p><p>\u6211\u5011\u6240\u64c1\u6709\u7684,\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5716\u50cf:\u5893\u5ba4\u7246\u58c1\u3001\u77f3\u68fa\u8207\u9aa8\u7070\u7f48\u4e0a\u7684\u5834\u666f,\u914d\u4ee5\u7c21\u77ed\u7684\u9298\u6587\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ea\u80fd\u6975\u70ba\u8b39\u614e\u5730\u63a8\u6e2c\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u300c\u4f86\u4e16\u795e\u5b78\u300d\u3002<\/p><p>\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f,\u96a8\u8457\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u63a8\u9032,\u60e1\u9748\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u4f3c\u4e4e\u9010\u6f38\u589e\u52a0,\u5176\u63cf\u7e6a\u4e5f\u96a8\u6642\u9593\u6108\u767c\u9670\u6697\u3002\u5728\u5f8c\u671f\u968e\u6bb5,\u5927\u7d04\u5f9e\u516c\u5143\u524d4\u4e16\u7d00\u8d77,\u5145\u6eff\u5a01\u8105\u611f\u7684\u4f86\u4e16\u5716\u50cf\u983b\u7e41\u51fa\u73fe\u3002<\/p><p>\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b78\u8005\u5c07\u6b64\u8207\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u57ce\u90a6\u5728\u7f85\u99ac(Rom)\u58d3\u529b\u4e0b\u6240\u7d93\u6b77\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5371\u6a5f\u806f\u7e6b\u8d77\u4f86,\u63a8\u6e2c\u7576\u6642\u7030\u6f2b\u8457\u65e5\u76ca\u60b2\u89c0\u7684\u60c5\u7dd2\u3002<\/p><p>\u9019\u7a2e\u89e3\u8b80\u4ecd\u5c6c\u5047\u8aaa,\u56e0\u70ba\u5f9e\u5716\u50cf\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u5f88\u96e3\u63a8\u5c0e\u51fa\u60c5\u7dd2\u6c1b\u570d\u3002\u7136\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u662f,\u5361\u9f8d\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e2d\u59cb\u7d42\u4fdd\u6301\u8457\u6838\u5fc3\u4e14\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d:\u4ed6\u662f\u88ab\u63d0\u53ca\u6b21\u6578\u6700\u591a\u3001\u8eab\u4efd\u6700\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u6b7b\u4ea1\u60e1\u9748\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\uff08\u7cbe\u9078\uff09<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Stephan Steingr\u00e4ber: <em>Etruscan Painting<\/em> (1986)<\/li><li>Jean-Rene Jannot: <em>Religion in Ancient Etruria<\/em> (2005)<\/li><li>Larissa Bonfante: <em>Etruscan Mythology<\/em> (2006)<\/li><li>Massimo Pallottino: <em>Die Etrusker<\/em> (1942)<\/li><li>Erika Simon: <em>Die G\u00f6tter der R\u00f6mer und Etrusker<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>\u66f4\u591a\u6a19\u6e96\u6587\u737b\u8acb\u53c3\u898b<a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/zh-hant\/wenxian\/\">\u6587\u737b\u76ee\u9304<\/a>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-charun e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-charun\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-charun-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-charun-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4e00\u5247\u6d41\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u95dc\u65bc\u795e\u660e\u3001\u8d77\u6e90\u8207\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u8a71<\/span>\u4e2d,\u5361\u9f8d(Charun)\u624b\u6301\u939a\u5b50\u3001\u76ae\u819a\u5448\u85cd\u8272,\u5f15\u9818\u6b7b\u8005\u8d70\u5230\u51a5\u754c\u7684\u9580\u6abb\u524d;\u4ed6\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u4e16\u754c\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u5854\u723e\u594e\u5c3c\u4e9e(Tarquinia)\u3001\u57fa\u70cf\u897f(Chiusi)\u8207\u5967\u723e\u7dad\u8036\u6258(Orvieto)\u7684\u5893\u5ba4\u88dd\u98fe\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-charun-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-charun-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>\u76f8\u95dc\u95dc\u9375\u8a5e:\u5361\u9f8d \u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba \u6b7b\u4ea1\u60e1\u9748 \u939a\u5b50 \u5854\u723e\u594e\u5c3c\u4e9e \u5361\u9f8d\u5893(Tomba dei Carontes) \u51e1\u65af \u57c3\u5854(Aita)\u3002<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div 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