{"id":163448,"date":"2026-09-05T11:23:27","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T11:23:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=163448"},"modified":"2026-09-05T11:41:12","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T11:41:12","slug":"voltumna-bundesgott-etruskischer-staatenbund","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/zh-hant\/voltumna-bundesgott-etruskischer-staatenbund\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\uff08Voltumna\uff09\u2014\u2014\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u57ce\u90a6\u806f\u76df\u7684\u76df\u7d04\u4e4b\u795e"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"163448\" class=\"elementor elementor-163448 elementor-2607 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" 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tabindex=\"0\">\u5b97\u6559\u5b78<\/span>\u7279\u5225\u5177\u6709\u555f\u767c\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5728\u5e0c\u81d8\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u4e16\u754c\u8207\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u7f85\u99ac\u50b3\u7d71\u4e4b\u9593\u767c\u63ee\u4e86\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u99ac\u897f\u83ab\u00b7\u5e15\u6d1b\u8482\u8afe\u3001\u96c5\u514b\u00b7\u65bc\u723e\u5ca1\uff08Jacques Heurgon\uff09\u3001\u897f\u6bd4\u723e\u00b7\u6d77\u6069\u65af\uff08Sybille Haynes\uff09\u3001\u6bdb\u7f85\u00b7\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u6cd5\u5c3c\u8207\u55ac\u51e1\u5c3c\u00b7\u79d1\u9686\u7d0d\uff08Giovanni Colonna\uff09\u70ba\u6b64\u7814\u7a76\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4f7f\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u9019\u4e00\u7368\u7acb\u5b97\u6559\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u7814\u7a76\u67d0\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\u795e\u660e\u89c0\u5ff5\u8207\u4fe1\u4ef0\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u5b78\u554f\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5b78<\/span>\u64c1\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5c64\u7d1a\u5206\u660e\u3001\u8077\u80fd\u5206\u914d\u6e05\u6670\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u67d0\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u795e\u660e\u7684\u7e3d\u7a31\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u842c\u795e\u6bbf<\/span>\uff0c\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u4f54\u6709\u7531\u653f\u6cbb\u8207\u5b97\u6559\u5171\u540c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u7368\u7279\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u5e38\u5c07\u9019\u4e00\u9ad4\u7cfb\u8996\u70ba\u795e\u79d8\u96e3\u89e3\u6216\u7570\u4e4e\u5c0b\u5e38\uff0c\u800c\u4eca\u65e5\u5b78\u754c\u5247\u8996\u5176\u70ba\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\u4e00\u7a2e\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u66fe\u5728\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u8207\u9010\u6f38\u6210\u5f62\u7684\u7f85\u99ac\u5b97\u6559\u4e4b\u9593\u626e\u6f14\u4e2d\u4ecb\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u9019\u4f4d\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u67d0\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\u53d7\u5d07\u62dc\u3001\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u795e\u8056\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u660e<\/span>\u5728\u7f85\u99ac\u7684\u7dad\u5716\u7a46\u52aa\u65af\uff08Vertumnus\uff09\u8eab\u4e0a\u5ef6\u7e8c\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u4e2d\u4ecb\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u8b49\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u5b78\u4e0a\u683c\u5916\u5f15\u4eba\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002<\/p><p>\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6c11\u65cf\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u5c07\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u81ea\u6210\u4e00\u9ad4\u3001\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u7368\u7acb\u6027\u7684\u9ad4\u7cfb\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u90a3\u7a2e\u5c07\u5176\u50c5\u50c5\u8996\u70ba\u5e0c\u81d8\u5b97\u6559\u884d\u751f\u7269\u7684\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u5df2\u88ab\u66f4\u70ba\u7d30\u7dfb\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u8b93\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u66f4\u52a0\u6df1\u5165\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u540d\u7a31\u8207\u8a5e\u6e90<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u8a9e\u540d\u7a31\u7dad\u723e\u5854\uff08Veltha\uff09\u6216\u7dad\u723e\u5716\u5167\uff08Velthune\uff09\u5728\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u4e2d\u8b6f\u4f5c\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\uff08Voltumna\uff09\u6216\u7dad\u5716\u7a46\u52aa\u65af\uff08Vertumnus\uff09\u3002\u5176\u8a5e\u6e90\u5c1a\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\uff0c\u5404\u7a2e\u8aaa\u6cd5\u5f9e\u300c\u6210\u9577\u8005\u300d\uff08\u8207 vertere\u300c\u8f49\u8b8a\u300d\u76f8\u95dc\uff09\u5230\u300c\u8b8a\u5316\u8005\u300d\u4e0d\u4e00\u800c\u8db3\u3002\u5b78\u754c\u4e5f\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5176\u8207\u690d\u7269\u5b63\u7bc0\u6027\u8b8a\u5316\u4e4b\u9593\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u3002<\/p><p>\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u7dad\u5716\u7a46\u52aa\u65af\u5728\u7f85\u99ac\u88ab\u8a18\u8f09\u70ba\u8b8a\u5316\u8207\u690d\u7269\u4e4b\u795e\uff1b\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u5373\u70ba\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u7f85\u99ac<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u67d0\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\u53d7\u5d07\u62dc\u3001\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u795e\u8056\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u660e<\/span>\uff0c\u5b78\u754c\u4ecd\u6709\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u7f85\u99ac\u6587\u737b\uff0c\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u53f2\u6599\u5728\u6b64\u65b9\u9762\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u8a9e\u5728\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u4e0a\u7368\u7acb\u81ea\u6210\u4e00\u7cfb\uff0c\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5b64\u7acb\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u6216\u88ab\u5047\u8a2d\u6b78\u5165\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u63d0\u723e\u68ee\u8a9e\u7cfb\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u9084\u5305\u62ec\u5229\u59c6\u8afe\u65af\u8a9e\u8207\u96f7\u8482\u4e9e\u8a9e\u3002\u81ea19\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u5b78\u8005\u6301\u7e8c\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u89e3\u8b80\u76f8\u95dc\u6587\u737b\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u7834\u89e3\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u7dad\u723e\u5854\u6216\u7dad\u723e\u5716\u5167\u7b49\u540d\u7a31\u7684\u91cb\u8b80\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u8a9e\u6587\u8a9e\u6599\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u9298\u6587\u5f59\u7de8\uff0c\u662f\u8d6b\u723e\u7a46\u7279\u00b7\u91cc\u514b\u65af\uff08Helmut Rix\uff09\u6240\u7de8\u7684\u300a\u7cbe\u7c21\u7248\u9298\u6587\u96c6\u300b\uff08Editio Minor\uff09\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u53c8\u6709\u300a\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u8a9e\u8fad\u5178\u300b\uff08Thesaurus Linguae Etruscae\uff09\u8207\u7dda\u4e0a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u300c\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u6587\u672c\u8a08\u756b\u300d\uff08ETP, Etruscan Texts Project\uff09\u52a0\u4ee5\u88dc\u5145\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ea6\u53ef\u67e5\u5f97\u8207\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002<\/p><p>\u65e9\u5728<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5e0c\u81d8\u8207\u7f85\u99ac\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u7d04\u516c\u5143\u524d800\u5e74\u81f3\u516c\u5143600\u5e74\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u53e4\u5178\u6642\u4ee3<\/span>\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\u4fbf\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\uff1a\u5e0c\u7f85\u591a\u5fb7\uff08Herodot\uff09\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u6e90\u81ea\u5442\u5e95\u4e9e\uff0c\u800c\u54c8\u5229\u5361\u7d0d\u7d22\u65af\u7684\u72c4\u5967\u5c3c\u4fee\u65af\uff08Dionysios von Halikarnass\uff09\u5247\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u672c\u571f\u6c11\u65cf\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u554f\u984c\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u95dc\u4fc2\u5230\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u662f\u5426\u8207\u5c0f\u4e9e\u7d30\u4e9e\u7684\u796d\u7940\u5b58\u5728\u95dc\u806f\u3002<\/p><p>\u5982\u4eca\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u8207\u9298\u6587\u5b78\u7dca\u5bc6\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u6587\u672c\u8a08\u756b\uff08ETP, Etruscan Texts Project\uff09\u9019\u4e00\u6578\u4f4d\u6587\u737b\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5927\u5e45\u4fbf\u5229\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f03\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5c0d\u7dad\u723e\u5854\uff08Veltha\uff09\u7b49\u795e\u540d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u746a\u9e97-\u52de\u502b\u65af\u00b7\u54c8\u514b\uff08Marie-Laurence Haack\uff09\u8207\u6587\u68ee\u7279\u00b7\u55ac\u5229\u97cb\uff08Vincent Jolivet\uff09\u5728\u6b64\u9818\u57df\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u958b\u5275\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u63cf\u8ff0\u8207\u5716\u50cf\u5b78<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d(Voltumna)\u7684\u5716\u50cf<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u77e5\u8b58\u8207\u6558\u4e8b\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e16\u4ee3\u7684\u50b3\u905e\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u50b3\u627f<\/span>\u76f8\u5c0d\u7a00\u8584\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u9322\u5e63\u4e0a\u523b\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7537\u6027\u5f62\u8c61,\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5f62\u8c61\u6709\u6642\u5e36\u6709\u690d\u7269\u8c61\u5fb5,\u5982\u9ea5\u7a57\u3001\u82b1\u6735\u3001\u8461\u8404\u85e4,\u9019\u4f3c\u4e4e\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u4ed6\u4f5c\u70ba\u690d\u7269\u4e4b\u795e\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u7f85\u99ac,\u7dad\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u52aa\u65af(Vertumnus)\u56e0\u7dad\u5eab\u65af\u5716\u65af\u5eab\u65af(Vicus Tuscus)\u7684\u4e00\u5ea7\u8457\u540d\u96d5\u50cf\u800c\u5ee3\u70ba\u4eba\u77e5,\u96d5\u50cf\u5c07\u4ed6\u5448\u73fe\u70ba\u4e00\u4f4d\u884c\u8d70\u7684\u690d\u7269\u795e\u3002\u666e\u7f85\u4f69\u63d0\u70cf\u65af(Properz)\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u7f85\u99ac\u4f5c\u5bb6\u90fd\u66fe\u63d0\u53ca\u9019\u5ea7\u96d5\u50cf\u3002<\/p><p>\u5f9e\u5b97\u6559\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b,\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u85dd\u8853\u6975\u70ba\u8c50\u5bcc,\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u8b58\u9019\u4e00\u9818\u57df\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f86\u6e90\u3002\u93e1\u5b50\u3001\u9676\u74f6\u3001\u5893\u5ba4\u58c1\u756b\u8207\u9752\u9285\u5668\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6750\u6599,\u800c\u95dc\u65bc\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u672c\u8eab\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u77e5\u8b58\u8207\u6558\u4e8b\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e16\u4ee3\u7684\u50b3\u905e\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u50b3\u627f<\/span>\u5247\u76f8\u5c0d\u7a00\u5c11\u3002\u62c9\u91cc\u85a9\u00b7\u90a6\u51e1\u7279(Larissa Bonfante)\u5728\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5f37\u8abf,\u9019\u5957\u5716\u50cf\u8a9e\u8a00\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u50b3\u7d71,\u800c\u975e\u55ae\u7d14\u7684\u884d\u751f\u7269\u3002<\/p><p>\u5893\u5ba4\u58c1\u756b\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u8207\u672b\u4e16\u89c0\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7b49\u8cc7\u6599,\u4e3b\u8981\u4fdd\u5b58\u65bc\u5854\u723e\u594e\u5c3c\u4e9e(Tarquinia)\u3001\u5207\u723e\u97cb\u6cf0\u91cc(Cerveteri)\u8207\u4f0f\u723e\u5947(Vulci)\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5716\u50cf\u63cf\u7e6a\u5bb4\u98f2\u3001\u795e\u8a71\u5834\u666f\u4ee5\u53ca\u821e\u8e48\u8207\u97f3\u6a02,\u5448\u73fe\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4eba\u9593\u751f\u6d3b\u5ef6\u7e8c\u7684\u4f86\u4e16\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u95dc\u65bc\u5716\u50cf\u5167\u5bb9\u53ca\u5176\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u5b78\u8aaa\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5716\u50cf\u5b78<\/span>\u504f\u597d\u591a\u4eba\u7269\u69cb\u5716\u3001\u6558\u4e8b\u6027\u7684\u6697\u793a\u4ee5\u53ca\u6fc3\u7e2e\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\u6027\u5716\u50cf\u8868\u9054\u3002\u89e3\u8b80\u9019\u5957\u5716\u50cf\u8a9e\u8a00\u6b63\u662f\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u5716\u50cf\u5b78\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5716\u50cf\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u5fb5\u662f\u6558\u4e8b\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5bc6\u96c6:\u55ae\u4e00\u4e00\u9762\u93e1\u5b50\u6216\u4e00\u500b\u9676\u74f6\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u6642\u5305\u542b\u591a\u500b\u795e\u8a71\u95dc\u806f\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5bc6\u96c6\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5c0d\u6bcf\u500b\u5716\u50cf\u8a9e\u5883\u9032\u884c\u4ed4\u7d30\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u8207\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u57ce\u90a6\u806f\u76df<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e(Etruscan)\u5341\u4e8c\u5ea7\u4e3b\u8981\u57ce\u90a6\u2014\u2014\u5854\u723e\u594e\u5c3c\u4e9e(Tarquinia)\u3001\u51f1\u96f7(Caere)\u3001\u4f0f\u723e\u897f(Vulci)\u3001\u7dad\u4f0a(Veji)\u3001\u514b\u9b6f\u897f\u59c6(Clusium)\u3001\u6c83\u723e\u897f\u5c3c(Volsinii)\u3001\u79d1\u723e\u6258\u7d0d(Cortona)\u3001\u4f69\u9b6f\u8cc8(Perugia)\u3001\u963f\u96f7\u4f50(Arezzo)\u3001\u6c83\u723e\u6cf0\u62c9(Volterra)\u3001\u6ce2\u666e\u6d1b\u5c3c\u4e9e(Populonia)\u8207\u7f85\u585e\u840a(Roselle)\u2014\u2014\u7d44\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5b97\u6559\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u806f\u76df(\u5341\u4e8c\u57ce\u90a6\u806f\u76df,Dodekapolis),\u6bcf\u5e74\u65bc\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u8056\u6240(Fanum Voltumnae)\u96c6\u6703\u3002\u9019\u5834\u96c6\u6703\u517c\u5177\u5b97\u6559\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u96d9\u91cd\u529f\u80fd:<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u737b\u7d66\u795e\u660e\u4ee5\u8868\u9054\u611f\u8b1d\u3001\u7948\u6c42\u6216\u5d07\u656c\u7684\u4f9b\u54c1\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u737b\u796d<\/span>\u3001\u806f\u76df\u6c7a\u8b70\u3001\u5171\u540c\u7bc0\u6176\u3002<\/p><p>\u674e\u7dad(Livius,4.23\u30015.17)\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u806f\u76df\u96c6\u6703\u6709\u8a73\u76e1\u8a18\u8f09\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u805a\u6703\u70ba\u5f8c\u4f86\u7f85\u99ac\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u5927\u6703(Concilium)\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7bc4\u672c,\u4e26\u5c0d\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u5f9e\u5b78\u8853\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b,\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d(Voltumna)\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u795e\u7947\u300d\u7684\u7bc4\u4f8b,\u5176<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5c0d\u67d0\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u6216\u795e\u8056\u5b58\u5728\u6240\u9032\u884c\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5b97\u6559\u5d07\u62dc\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u7e3d\u7a31\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5d07\u62dc<\/span>\u7531\u570b\u5bb6\u6027\u7d44\u7e54\u6240\u627f\u8f09\u3002<\/p><p>\u5e0c\u81d8\u8207\u7f85\u99ac<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4e16\u4ee3\u76f8\u50b3\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u8207\u6558\u4e8b\u7684\u50b3\u627f\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u50b3\u7d71<\/span>\u4e2d\u6240\u898b\u7684\u90a3\u7a2e\u5b8c\u6574\u6558\u4e8b\u6587\u5b78,\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4e00\u500b\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u6d41\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u8af8\u795e\u6558\u4e8b\u7e3d\u7a31\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u8a71<\/span>\u4e2d\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u7684\u4e86\u89e3,\u540c\u6a23\u5fc5\u9808\u5f9e\u5716\u50cf\u63cf\u7e6a\u3001\u9298\u6587\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e0c\u81d8\u7f85\u99ac\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\u4e2d\u63a8\u6572\u5f97\u51fa\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u9593\u63a5\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u72c0\u6cc1\u8981\u6c42\u7279\u5225\u8b39\u614e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u795e\u8a71\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8\u795e\u8a71\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u76f8\u7576\u8907\u96dc\u3002\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u96d6\u7136\u63a1\u7d0d\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u5e0c\u81d8\u984c\u6750,\u4f8b\u5982\u95dc\u65bc\u963f\u57fa\u91cc\u65af(Achilleus)\u3001\u5967\u5fb7\u4fee\u65af(Odysseus)\u8207\u4f0a\u5e95\u5e15\u65af(\u00d6dipus)\u7684\u6545\u4e8b,\u537b\u7d93\u5e38\u52a0\u4ee5\u6539\u7de8,\u4e26\u8a2d\u5b9a\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u6587\u5316\u632a\u7528\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u5982\u4f55\u9032\u884c,\u5b78\u754c\u5c0d\u6b64\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u95dc\u65bc\u67d0\u5b97\u6559\u4e4b\u795e\u8207\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u6027\u5b78\u8aaa\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5b78<\/span>\u7684\u4e00\u9805\u7279\u5fb5\u662f\u8af8\u795e\u6703\u8b70(consensus deorum)\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u81f3\u9ad8\u795e\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e(Tinia)\u4e5f\u4e26\u975e\u7368\u65b7\u884c\u4e8b,\u800c\u662f\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u795e\u660e\u5546\u8b70,\u5176\u4e2d\u5c6c\u65bc\u57ce\u90a6\u806f\u76df\u5b88\u8b77\u795e\u4e4b\u5217\u7684\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u4e5f\u540d\u5217\u5176\u4e2d\u3002\u5f9e\u5b97\u6559\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b,\u9019\u500b\u8b70\u4e8b\u6a5f\u69cb\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u7279\u6b8a\u4e4b\u8655\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4e00\u500b\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u6d41\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u8af8\u795e\u6558\u4e8b\u7e3d\u7a31\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u8a71<\/span>\u4e26\u672a\u7559\u4e0b\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u50b3\u7d71,\u5fc5\u9808\u5f9e\u5716\u50cf\u5834\u666f\u3001\u9298\u6587\u8207\u4e8c\u624b\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u52a0\u4ee5\u63a8\u6572,\u9019\u9700\u8981\u8b39\u614e\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u5c0d\u65bc\u50cf\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u9019\u6a23\u8cc7\u6599\u7a00\u5c11\u7684\u795e\u7947\u800c\u8a00,\u7d50\u5408\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u9298\u6587\u3001\u5e0c\u81d8\u5716\u50cf\u539f\u578b\u8207\u8108\u7d61\u6027\u89e3\u8b80,\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u8056\u5730(Fanum Voltumnae)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u8056\u6240\uff08Fanum Voltumnae\uff09\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u540c\u76df\u8056\u6240\u3002\u9577\u4e45\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u5176\u78ba\u5207\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e00\u76f4\u6709\u722d\u8b70\u3002\u897f\u83ab\u5167\u5854\u00b7\u65af\u6258\u6ce2\u5c3c\uff08Simonetta Stopponi\uff09\u81ea2000\u5e74\u8d77\u5728\u5967\u723e\u7dad\u8036\u6258\uff08Orvieto\uff09\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u574e\u6ce2\u5fb7\u62c9\u83f2\u8036\u62c9\uff08Campo della Fiera\uff09\u767c\u6398\u51fa\u4e00\u8655\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u795e\u6bbf\u5efa\u7bc9\u7fa4\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u88ab\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8a8d\u70ba\u5373\u662f\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u8056\u6240\u3002<\/p><p>\u8a72\u5efa\u7bc9\u7fa4\u5305\u62ec\u591a\u5ea7<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4f9b\u5949\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5edf<\/span>\u3001\u796d\u58c7\u3001\u6c34\u4e95\u4ee5\u53ca\u96c6\u6703\u5834\u6240\u3002\u51fa\u571f\u6587\u7269\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f9e\u516c\u5143\u524d7\u4e16\u7d00\u4e00\u76f4\u5ef6\u7e8c\u5230\u7f85\u99ac\u6642\u671f\u3002\u9019\u5ea7<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5c08\u70ba\u5d07\u62dc\u67d0\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u800c\u8a2d\u7684\u795e\u8056\u5834\u6240\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u8056\u6240<\/span>\u6301\u7e8c\u7d04\u4e00\u5343\u5e74\uff0c\u59cb\u7d42\u4f5c\u70ba\u5b97\u6559\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5360\u535c\u8853\uff08Disciplina Etrusca\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u5360\u535c\u5b78\u554f\uff0c\u5206\u70ba\u5167\u81df\u5360\u535c\uff08haruspicina\uff09\u3001\u96f7\u96fb\u5360\u535c\uff08fulguratio\uff09\u8207\u9ce5\u5360\uff08auspicia\uff09\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u9019\u5957\u5b78\u554f\u7531\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u50b3\u7d66\u7f85\u99ac\u4eba\uff0c\u4e26\u4e00\u76f4\u6cbf\u7528\u81f3\u516c\u51434\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u4ecd\u662f\u6d3b\u8e8d\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u6b64\u7684\u8a73\u7d30\u8a18\u8ff0\uff0c\u8981\u6b78\u529f\u65bc\u897f\u585e\u7f85\uff08Cicero\uff09\u8207\u585e\u5167\u5361\uff08Seneca\uff09\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5360\u535c\u8853\u662f\u900f\u904e\u5c08\u9580\u8a2d\u7acb\u7684\u796d\u53f8\u5b78\u6821\u50b3\u6388\u7684\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5178\u7c4d\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u5100\u5f0f\u66f8\u300b\uff08Libri Rituales\uff09\u3001\u300a\u5167\u81df\u5360\u535c\u66f8\u300b\uff08Libri Haruspicini\uff09\u8207\u300a\u96f7\u96fb\u5360\u535c\u66f8\u300b\uff08Libri Fulgurales\uff09\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u539f\u5178\u4e26\u672a\u7559\u5b58\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u897f\u585e\u7f85\u3001\u8cbb\u65af\u5716\u65af\uff08Festus\uff09\u8207\u99ac\u514b\u7f85\u6bd4\u70cf\u65af\uff08Macrobius\uff09\u7b49\u7f85\u99ac\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u5f15\u8ff0\u90e8\u5206\u91cd\u5efa\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5c0d\u67d0\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u6216\u795e\u8056\u5f62\u8c61\u6240\u9032\u884c\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5d07\u62dc\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u7e3d\u7a31\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5d07\u62dc<\/span>\u8207\u5404\u57ce\u90a6\u7dca\u5bc6\u76f8\u9023\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5373\u5854\u594e\u5c3c\u4e9e\u3001\u51f1\u96f7\u3001\u6b66\u723e\u5947\u3001\u7dad\u611b\u3001\u514b\u76e7\u897f\u59c6\u3001\u6c83\u723e\u897f\u5c3c\u3001\u79d1\u723e\u6258\u7d0d\u3001\u4f69\u9b6f\u8cc8\u3001\u963f\u96f7\u4f50\u3001\u6c83\u723e\u6cf0\u62c9\u3001\u6ce2\u666e\u6d1b\u5c3c\u4e9e\u8207\u7f85\u585e\u840a\uff0c\u90fd\u5404\u81ea\u7dad\u6301\u8457\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5d07\u62dc\u8207\u5b97\u6559\u7279\u8272\u3002\u6c83\u723e\u897f\u5c3c\u5247\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5b88\u8b77\u8457\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u7684\u540c\u76df\u8056\u6240\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u5957\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5360\u535c\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5360\u535c\u8853\u582a\u7a31\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u767c\u5c55\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u5360\u535c\u5be6\u8e10\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u7f85\u99ac\u4eba\u6709\u8a08\u756b\u5730\u52a0\u4ee5\u7e7c\u627f\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5176\u5ef6\u7e8c\u81f3<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5e0c\u81d8\u8207\u7f85\u99ac\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u7d04\u516c\u5143\u524d800\u5e74\u81f3\u516c\u5143600\u5e74\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u53e4\u5178\u6642\u4ee3<\/span>\u665a\u671f\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5ef6\u7e8c\u6027\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u4e0a\u6975\u70ba\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u796d\u5100\u8207\u5100\u5f0f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u8056\u6240\u7684\u796d\u7940\u6d3b\u52d5\u5305\u62ec<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u737b\u7d66\u795e\u660e\u7684\u4f9b\u54c1,\u7528\u4ee5\u8868\u9054\u611f\u8b1d\u3001\u7948\u6c42\u6216\u5d07\u656c\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u737b\u796d<\/span>(\u516c\u725b\u3001\u7f8a\u3001\u8c6c)\u3001\u7948\u79b1\u3001\u904a\u884c\u548c\u7bc0\u6176\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002\u6bcf\u5e74\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u96c6\u6703\u5c0d\u6574\u500b\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4e16\u754c\u800c\u8a00,\u90fd\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p><p>\u7f85\u99ac\u4eba\u5f81\u670d\u6c83\u723e\u897f\u5c3c\u4f0a(\u516c\u5143\u524d264\u5e74)\u4e4b\u5f8c,\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5c08\u9580\u7528\u65bc\u4f9b\u5949\u67d0\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u7684\u795e\u8056\u5834\u6240\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u8056\u6240<\/span>\u4e26\u672a\u88ab\u5ee2\u68c4,\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u6539\u8b8a\u5f8c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5b58\u5728,\u4e26\u90e8\u5206\u88ab\u7d0d\u5165\u7f85\u99ac\u4eba\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5c0d\u67d0\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u6216\u795e\u8056\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5d07\u62dc\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u7e3d\u7a31\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u796d\u7940\u6d3b\u52d5<\/span>\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5ef6\u7e8c\u6027\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u610f\u7fa9,\u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u653f\u6cbb\u6ec5\u4ea1\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4f9b\u5949\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5edf<\/span>\u5c55\u73fe\u51fa\u7368\u7279\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7279\u8272\u3002\u6700\u5177\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u662f\u5716\u65af\u574e\u5f0f(Tuscanus)\u98a8\u683c,\u4e00\u7a2e\u7368\u7279\u7684\u67f1\u5f0f,\u7dad\u7279\u9b6f\u5a01(Vitruv)\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u5efa\u7bc9\u5341\u66f8\u300b(De Architectura)\u4e2d\u66fe\u52a0\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u9019\u985e\u5efa\u7bc9\u7684\u5e73\u9762\u5716\u5f37\u8abf\u6b63\u6bbf(Cella)\u8207\u5bec\u95ca\u7684\u524d\u5eca,\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8\u5efa\u7bc9\u7bc4\u5f0f\u660e\u986f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p><p>\u8a31\u591a\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4f9b\u5949\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5edf<\/span>\u898f\u6a21\u5b8f\u5927\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u7f85\u99ac\u5361\u76ae\u6258\u5229\u6b50\u5c71(Capitolium)\u4e0a\u7684\u6731\u5e87\u7279<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4f9b\u5949\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5edf<\/span>\u4fbf\u662f\u7531\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u8207\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u5efa\u9020,\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u7dad\u4f0a\u7684\u6b66\u723e\u5361(Vulca),\u9019\u5ea7\u795e\u5edf\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u65e9\u671f\u7f85\u99ac\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u898b\u8b49\u3002<\/p><p>\u6bcf\u5e74,\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5341\u4e8c\u57ce\u90a6\u806f\u76df\u90fd\u6703\u5728\u6c83\u723e\u897f\u5c3c\u4f0a\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u8056\u6240\u96c6\u6703,\u5b97\u6559\u4e8b\u52d9\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u4e8b\u52d9\u5728\u6b64\u540c\u6642\u5546\u8b70\u3002\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u662f\u9019\u500b\u57ce\u90a6\u806f\u76df\u7684\u5b88\u8b77\u795e,\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u5404\u57ce\u90a6\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u796d\u7940\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u5b88\u8b77\u50b3\u7d71\u8207\u653f\u6cbb<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u662f\u6574\u500b\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u806f\u76df\u7684\u5b88\u8b77\u795e\u3002\u51e1\u662f\u5411\u806f\u76df\u6c42\u52a9\u4e4b\u4eba,\u4fbf\u662f\u5728\u5411\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u7948\u6c42\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u653f\u6cbb\u8207\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u878d\u5408\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u4e0a\u6975\u5177\u610f\u7fa9:\u5b83\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e0d\u50c5\u7d44\u7e54\u500b\u4eba\u4fe1\u4ef0,\u4e5f\u8abf\u7bc0\u90a6\u570b\u4e4b\u9593\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u9ad4\u7cfb\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u5efa\u57ce\u3001\u7d50\u76df\u4ee5\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u689d\u7d04\u7de0\u7d50\u6642,\u4eba\u5011\u6703\u4ee5<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5177\u6709\u9a45\u907f\u4e0d\u7965\u4e4b\u610f:\u6307\u7528\u4f86\u62b5\u79a6\u6709\u5bb3\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u7b26\u865f\u8207\u7269\u4ef6\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u9a45\u90aa\u8f9f\u51f6<\/span>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u547c\u6c42\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u505a\u6cd5\u5f8c\u4f86\u90e8\u5206\u5ef6\u7e8c\u5230\u4e86\u7f85\u99ac\u4eba\u7684\u5efa\u57ce\u5100\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u8b77\u8eab\u7fd2\u4fd7\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8f9f\u90aa\u7b26\u865f:\u967d\u7269\u8b77\u8eab\u7b26\u3001\u6208\u723e\u8ca2\u982d\u50cf(Gorgoneion)\u5716\u6848\u3001\u773c\u5f62\u7b26\u865f\u3001\u5713\u5f62\u8b77\u8eab\u7b26(Bullae)\u4ee5\u53ca\u7279\u5b9a\u5492\u8a9e\u3002\u62c9\u91cc\u85a9\u00b7\u90a6\u51e1\u7279(Larissa Bonfante)\u5728\u5176\u81ea1980\u5e74\u8d77\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4e4b\u93e1\u300b(Etruscan Mirrors)\u4e2d,\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u9a45\u90aa\u7b26\u865f\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u8a9e\u8a00\u505a\u4e86\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p><p>\u8f9f\u90aa\u7b26\u865f\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u6975\u70ba\u666e\u904d,\u5305\u62ec\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u4e4b\u773c(Auge des Tinia)\u3001\u967d\u7269\u8b77\u8eab\u7b26\u548c\u6208\u723e\u8ca2\u982d\u50cf\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7b26\u865f\u88dd\u98fe\u8457<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4f9b\u5949\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5edf<\/span>\u8207\u5893\u7a74,\u4e5f\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u5bb6\u5ead\u795e\u9f95\u8207\u500b\u4eba\u7269\u54c1\u4e0a\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u7fd2\u4fd7\u5728\u7f85\u99ac\u8207\u6574\u500b\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5730\u5340\u7684\u6c11\u9593\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e2d\u5ef6\u7e8c\u4e86\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d,\u8b77\u8eab\u8f9f\u90aa\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u8207\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5360\u535c\u8853\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u95dc\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u5efa\u57ce\u3001\u51fa\u5f81\u9084\u662f\u5efa\u5c4b,\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u91cd\u5927\u884c\u52d5\u4e4b\u524d,\u4eba\u5011\u90fd\u6703\u900f\u904e<span class=\"iwg-fachbergriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u89e3\u8b80\u5fb5\u5146,\u4ee5\u8a8d\u77e5\u96b1\u85cf\u6216\u672a\u4f86\u4e4b\u4e8b\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5360\u535c<\/span>\u4f86\u5c0b\u6c42\u795e\u610f,\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u5c0d\u65bc\u570d\u7e5e\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u6240\u505a\u7684\u806f\u76df\u653f\u6cbb\u6c7a\u8b70\u5c24\u5176\u9069\u7528\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u795e\u8a71<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\uff08Voltumna\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u806f\u76df\u795e\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f03\uff1a\u6cdb\u5e0c\u81d8\u5b99\u65af\uff08Zeus Hellanios\uff09\u3001\u62c9\u4e01\u4eba\u7684\u4e18\u6bd4\u7279\uff08Diespiter Latiaris\uff09,\u6216\u8036\u548c\u83ef\uff08Yahwe\uff09\u4f5c\u70ba\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u806f\u76df\u4e4b\u795e\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u806f\u76df\u8207\u5b97\u6559<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5c0d\u67d0\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u6216\u8056\u6f5b\u5b58\u5728\u6240\u9032\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u5b97\u6559\u5d07\u62dc\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u7e3d\u7a31\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5d07\u7940<\/span>\u7684\u7d50\u5408,\u662f\u53e4\u4ee3\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u4e0a\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3002<\/p><p>\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8207\u62c9\u4e01\u540c\u76df\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u62c9\u4e01\u90b1\u6bd4\u7279\uff08Iuppiter Latiaris\uff09\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u985e\u6bd4,\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u9817\u5177\u555f\u767c\u6027\u3002\u9019\u5169\u500b\u806f\u76df\u5d07\u7940\u90fd\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u9ede\u6bcf\u5e74\u96c6\u6703,\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u529f\u80fd,\u5169\u8005\u4e5f\u90fd\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u8b8a\u9077\u4e2d\u5ef6\u7e8c\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002<\/p><p>\u900f\u904e\u7f85\u99ac\u5f0f\u8a6e\u91cb\uff08interpretatio Romana\uff09,\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u795e\u7947\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u7f85\u99ac\u540d\u7a31\uff1a\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff08Tinia\uff09\u8b8a\u6210\u6731\u5e87\u7279\uff08Iupiter\uff09,\u70cf\u5c3c\uff08Uni\uff09\u8b8a\u6210\u6731\u8afe\uff08Iuno\uff09,\u9580\u723e\u74e6\uff08Menrva\uff09\u8b8a\u6210\u5bc6\u6d85\u74e6\uff08Minerva\uff09,\u800c\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u5247\u4ee5\u7f85\u99ac\u7684\u6c83\u5716\u52aa\u65af\uff08Vertumnus\uff09\u4e4b\u540d\u5ef6\u7e8c\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002\u9019\u985e\u7b49\u540c\u95dc\u4fc2\u901a\u5e38\u4e26\u975e\u5168\u9762\u5c0d\u61c9,\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u51f8\u986f\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u7279\u8cea\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u91d0\u6e05\u5176\u4e2d\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u7368\u7279\u4e4b\u8655\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u8207\u5b89\u7d0d\u6258\u5229\u4e9e\u3001\u8153\u5c3c\u57fa\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd1\u6771\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u6709\u8457\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u63a5\u89f8\u3002\u76ae\u723e\u5409\u9298\u677f\uff08Pyrgi-Tafeln\uff09\u5c24\u5176\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u8207\u8153\u5c3c\u57fa\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u8de8\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u7684\u7db2\u7d61\u95dc\u4fc2,\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u3002<\/p><p>\u5f9e\u5b97\u6559\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b,\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5c0d\u67d0\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u6216\u8056\u6f5b\u5b58\u5728\u6240\u9032\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u5b97\u6559\u5d07\u62dc\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u7e3d\u7a31\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5d07\u7940<\/span>\u5c6c\u65bc\u66f4\u5ee3\u7fa9\u7684\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5b97\u6559\u5bb6\u65cf,\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8\u3001\u8153\u5c3c\u57fa\u3001\u57c3\u53ca\u3001\u5b89\u7d0d\u6258\u5229\u4e9e\u548c\u62c9\u4e01\u59c6(Latium)\u6709\u8457\u5bc6\u5207\u95dc\u806f\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u878d\u5408\u95dc\u4fc2\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u7576\u4ee3\u7814\u7a76<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u81ea2000\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u4f86,\u7531\u65bc\u5728\u574e\u6ce2\u5fb7\u62c9\u8cbb\u8036\u62c9\uff08Campo della Fiera\uff09\u9032\u884c\u7684\u8003\u53e4\u767c\u6398\uff08\u897f\u8499\u5167\u5854\u00b7\u65af\u6258\u6ce2\u5c3c\u3014Simonetta Stopponi\u3015,\u4f69\u9b6f\u8cc8\u5927\u5b78\u3014Universita di Perugia\u3015\uff09,\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\uff08Voltumna\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u9032\u5c55\u3002\u6bcf\u5e74\u7684\u767c\u6398\u5831\u544a\u4ee5\u53ca\u591a\u90e8\u5c08\u8457\u90fd\u8a18\u9304\u4e86\u76f8\u95dc\u767c\u73fe\u3002<\/p><p>\u63a2\u8a0e\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u570b\u5bb6\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8de8\u5b78\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u6bdb\u7f85\u00b7\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u6cd5\u5c3c\u3014Mauro Cristofani\u3015\u3001\u963f\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9e\u8afe\u00b7\u99ac\u5409\u4e9e\u5c3c\u3014Adriano Maggiani\u3015\uff09,\u4e5f\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u5730\u5c07\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u7d0d\u5165\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002\u4ed6\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5c0d\u67d0\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u6216\u8056\u6f5b\u5b58\u5728\u6240\u9032\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u5b97\u6559\u5d07\u62dc\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u7e3d\u7a31\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5d07\u7940<\/span>\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u806f\u90a6\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u3002<\/p><p>\u5982\u4eca,\u5c0d\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u570b\u969b\u6027\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u7db2\u7d61\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u64da\u9ede\u5305\u62ec\u4f5b\u7f85\u502b\u65af\u5927\u5b78\u3001\u7f85\u99ac\u85a9\u76ae\u6069\u672d\u5927\u5b78\uff08Rom Sapienza\uff09\u3001\u6bd4\u85a9\u5927\u5b78\u3001\u5716\u8cd3\u6839\u5927\u5b78\u548c\u666e\u6797\u65af\u9813\u5927\u5b78\u3002\u6bcf\u5e74\u90fd\u6709\u591a\u5834\u570b\u969b\u6703\u8b70\u5c08\u9580\u63a2\u8a0e\u9019\u500b\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u5404\u500b\u5c64\u9762\u3002<\/p><p>\u5982\u4eca\u7814\u7a76\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u570b\u969b\u8a08\u756b,\u5df2\u501f\u52a9\u6578\u4f4d\u6280\u8853\uff1a\u5c0d\u795e\u5edf\u8207\u5893\u7a74\u9032\u884c\u4e09\u7dad\u6383\u63cf,\u5efa\u7acb\u9298\u6587\u8207\u5716\u50cf\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab,\u4ee5\u53ca\u904b\u7528\u5730\u7406\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7cfb\u7d71\uff08GIS\uff09\u5206\u6790\u805a\u843d\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u9019\u985e\u65b9\u6cd5\u958b\u555f\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\u8996\u89d2,\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5982\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u8056\u6bbf(Fanum Voltumnae)\u7b49\u796d\u7940\u5834\u6240\u6642\u3002<\/p><p>\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7814\u7a76\u900f\u904e\u5c55\u89bd\u5411\u66f4\u5ee3\u5927\u516c\u773e\u50b3\u64ad,\u4f8b\u5982\u68b5\u8482\u5ca1\u535a\u7269\u9928\u3001\u6731\u5229\u4e9e\u5225\u5885\u570b\u5bb6\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u535a\u7269\u9928\uff08Museo Nazionale Etrusco di Villa Giulia\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u6ce2\u58eb\u9813\u7f8e\u8853\u9928(Boston Museum of Fine Arts),\u6b64\u5916\u9084\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\u8207\u7814\u7a76\u73fe\u6cc1<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u95dc\u65bc\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\uff08Voltumna\uff09\u7814\u7a76\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90,\u662f\u574e\u6ce2\u5fb7\u62c9\u8cbb\u8036\u62c9\uff08Campo della Fiera\uff09\u7684\u8003\u53e4\u767c\u73fe\u3001\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u9298\u6587\u3001\u674e\u7dad(Livius)\u7684\u8a18\u8f09\u3001\u95dc\u65bc\u6c83\u5716\u52aa\u65af\uff08Vertumnus\uff09\u7684\u7f85\u99ac\u53f2\u6599,\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f86\u81ea\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5404\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u9298\u523b\u8cc7\u6599\u3002<\/p><p>\u82e5\u5c07\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u6df1\u5165\u7d0d\u5165<a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/zh-hant\/?page_id=163408\">\u6574\u9ad4\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u53f2<\/a>\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u89c0\u5bdf,\u4fbf\u53ef\u770b\u51fa\u4ed6\u5728\u8207\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff08Tinia\uff09\u3001\u70cf\u5c3c\uff08Uni\uff09\u3001\u9580\u723e\u74e6\uff08Menrva\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u963f\u5716\u4e9e\uff08Atua\uff09\u8af8\u795e\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u7db2\u7d61\u4e2d\u61c9\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u2014\u2014\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u4e4b\u8655\u5728\u65bc,\u4ed6\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4ee5\u653f\u6cbb\u8207\u5b97\u6559\u517c\u5177\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u3002<\/p><p>\u95dc\u65bc\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\u4e26\u4e0d\u7d71\u4e00\uff1a\u9298\u523b\u6587\u737b(\u6536\u9304\u65bc\u8d6b\u723e\u7a46\u7279\u00b7\u91cc\u514b\u65af\u3014Helmut Rix\u3015\u7684\u300aEditio Minor\u300b)\u3001\u8003\u53e4\u767c\u73fe\u3001\u5716\u50cf\u8cc7\u6599\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e8c\u624b\u6587\u737b\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u8de8\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5f0f,\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u5730\u7d50\u5408\u4e86\u8a9e\u6587\u5b78\u3001<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u900f\u904e\u7269\u8cea\u907a\u8de1\u7814\u7a76\u904e\u53bb\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u8003\u53e4\u5b78<\/span>\u3001<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f03\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7acb\u5834\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5b97\u6559\u5b78<\/span>\u8207\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u3002<\/p><p>\u8981\u9032\u884c\u6070\u7576\u7684\u53f2\u6599\u6279\u5224,\u5fc5\u9808\u540c\u6642\u638c\u63e1\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u737b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e0c\u81d8\u7f85\u99ac\u7684\u4e8c\u624b\u50b3\u4e16\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5c31\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u800c\u8a00,\u4ed6\u5728\u7f85\u99ac\u5c0d\u61c9\u795e\u7947\u6c83\u5716\u52aa\u65af\u8eab\u4e0a\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u75d5\u8de1,\u6bd4\u67d0\u4e9b\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u8cc7\u6599\u66f4\u70ba\u8c50\u5bcc,\u56e0\u6b64\u9019\u7a2e\u96d9\u91cd\u8996\u89d2\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u3002<\/p><p>\u82e5\u8981\u5f9e\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u89d2\u5ea6\u5fb9\u5e95\u91d0\u6e05\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d,\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u5168\u9762\u638c\u63e1\u9298\u523b\u3001\u8003\u53e4\u8207\u6587\u737b\u8cc7\u6599,\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u8981\u719f\u6089\u73fe\u4ee3<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f03\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7acb\u5834\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5b97\u6559\u5b78<\/span>\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u591a\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u63a2\u8a0e\u65b9\u5f0f,\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5df2\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u6a19\u6e96\u505a\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26cedd68 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp26cedd68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2a98cf47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2a98cf47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u8056\u6bbf(Fanum Voltumnae):\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u57ce\u90a6\u806f\u76df\u7684\u8056\u5730<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2a6b7f9c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2a6b7f9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2e7a2c06 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2e7a2c06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\uff08Voltumna\uff09\uff0c\u7f85\u99ac\u4f5c\u8005\u4e5f\u7a31\u5176\u70ba<em>\u7dad\u723e\u5716\u52aa\u65af\uff08Vertumnus\uff09<\/em>\uff0c\u8207\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u796d\u7940\u5730\u7dca\u5bc6\u76f8\u9023\uff0c\u5373<em>\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u8056\u6240\uff08Fanum Voltumnae\uff09<\/em>\u3002\u7f85\u99ac\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u63d0\u5716\u65af\u00b7\u674e\u7dad\uff08Titus Livius\uff09\u591a\u6b21\u8a18\u8f09\uff0c\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\uff08Etrurien\uff09\u8af8\u57ce\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6703\u5728\u9019\u5ea7<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u737b\u7d66\u67d0\u795e\u660e\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u8056\u5730\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u8056\u6240<\/span>\u96c6\u6703\uff0c\u5546\u8a0e\u5171\u540c\u4e8b\u52d9\u3001\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6230\u722d\u8207\u548c\u5e73\uff0c\u4e26\u8209\u884c\u5b97\u6559\u7bc0\u6176\u8207\u7af6\u8cfd\u3002<\/p><p><em>\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u8056\u6240<\/em>\u56e0\u6b64\u540c\u6642\u662f\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u57ce\u90a6\u806f\u76df\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u96c6\u6703\u5730\u3002<\/p><p>\u8a72\u8056\u6240\u7684\u78ba\u5207\u4f4d\u7f6e\u9577\u671f\u4e0d\u660e\uff0c\u773e\u8aaa\u7d1b\u7d1c\u3002\u81ea2000\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u7126\u9ede\u96c6\u4e2d\u65bc\u5967\u723e\u7dad\u8036\u6258\uff08Orvieto\uff09\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u574e\u6ce2\u5fb7\u62c9\u83f2\u8036\u62c9\uff08Campo della Fiera\uff09\u907a\u5740\uff0c\u5373\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684<em>\u7dad\u723e\u8332\u7d0d\uff08Velzna\uff09<\/em>\u6216\u6c83\u723e\u897f\u5c3c\uff08Volsinii\uff09\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u897f\u83ab\u5167\u5854\u00b7\u65af\u6258\u6ce2\u5c3c\uff08Simonetta Stopponi\uff09\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u767c\u6398\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u8a72\u5730\u51fa\u571f\u4e86\u4e00\u5ea7\u7bc4\u570d\u5ee3\u95ca\u7684\u8056\u5340\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u795e\u5edf\u5730\u57fa\u3001\u796d\u58c7\u3001\u4f9b\u5949\u54c1\uff0c\u4e26\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u9577\u4e45\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6b77\u53f2\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u5b78\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u5c07\u6b64\u5730\u8207<em>\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u8056\u6240<\/em>\u76f8\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u540c\u8a31\u591a\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u8003\u53e4\u767c\u73fe\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5c1a\u672a\u6709\u660e\u78ba\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u523b\u65bc\u6216\u947f\u65bc\u56fa\u5b9a\u8f09\u9ad4\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u9298\u6587<\/span>\u53ef\u8cc7\u4f50\u8b49\u3002<\/p><p>\u574e\u6ce2\u5fb7\u62c9\u83f2\u8036\u62c9\u7684\u8003\u53e4\u767c\u73fe\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5730\u9ede\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5ef6\u7e8c\u5230\u7f85\u99ac\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u665a\u671f\u53e4\u4ee3\u4ecd\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p><p>\u9019\u8207\u53e6\u4e00\u9805\u89c0\u5bdf\u76f8\u7b26\uff1a\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5c0d\u67d0\u795e\u660e\u6216\u8056\u6f54\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u5b97\u6559\u5d07\u62dc\u884c\u70ba\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5d07\u62dc<\/span>\u5728\u7f85\u99ac\u5f81\u670d\u6c83\u723e\u897f\u5c3c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4ecd\u6301\u7e8c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u9019\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u4ee5\u7f85\u99ac\u5f62\u5f0f<em>\u7dad\u723e\u5716\u52aa\u65af<\/em>\u7e7c\u7e8c\u53d7\u5230\u5d07\u5949\u3002\u9019\u5ea7\u806f\u76df\u8056\u6240\u6e05\u695a\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u5404\u500b\u57ce\u90a6\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u4e8b\u52d9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u8d85\u8d8a\u5730\u57df\u3001\u5851\u9020\u5171\u540c\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d8ceefe e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2d8ceefe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp22e8ff58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp22e8ff58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u3001\u7dad\u723e\u5716\u52aa\u65af\u8207\u795e\u660e\u672c\u8cea\u4e4b\u554f\u984c<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp246f5f53 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp246f5f53\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26b57471 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp26b57471\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u5b78\u754c\u5c0d\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u5c1a\u7121\u5171\u8b58\uff0c\u9019\u8207\u73fe\u5b58\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u6709\u95dc\u3002<\/p><p>\u7f85\u99ac\u5b78\u8005\u74e6\u7f85\uff08Varro\uff09\u7a31\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u70ba\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u81f3\u9ad8\u795e\uff0c<em>deus Etruriae princeps<\/em>\u3002\u53e6\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\u5247\u6697\u793a\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u690d\u7269\u795e\u6216\u8b8a\u5316\u4e4b\u795e\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u9ede\u4e3b\u8981\u5f97\u81ea\u7f85\u99ac\u5f62\u8c61<em>\u7dad\u723e\u5716\u52aa\u65af<\/em>\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u6b64\u795e\u8207\u5b63\u7bc0\u66f4\u66ff\u53ca\u679c\u5be6\u6210\u719f\u76f8\u95dc\u806f\u3002<\/p><p>\u8a69\u4eba\u666e\u7f85\u4f69\u63d0\u70cf\u65af\uff08Properz\uff09\u5728\u4e00\u9996\u8457\u540d\u7684\u54c0\u6b4c\u4e2d\u8b93<em>\u7dad\u723e\u5716\u52aa\u65af<\/em>\u89aa\u81ea\u767c\u8a00\uff0c\u8a87\u8000\u5176\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p><p>\u554f\u984c\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8aaa\u6cd5\u7686\u51fa\u81ea\u7f85\u99ac\u4eba\u7684\u8996\u89d2\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u662f\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u9f0e\u76db\u6642\u671f\u904e\u53bb\u6578\u767e\u5e74\u4e4b\u5f8c\u624d\u88ab\u5beb\u4e0b\u7684\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u6700\u521d\u662f\u690d\u7269\u795e\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u7684\u806f\u76df\u4e4b\u795e\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u5177\u6709\u591a\u91cd\u9762\u8c8c\u7684\u7d9c\u5408\u6027<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u67d0\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\u88ab\u5d07\u62dc\u70ba\u795e\u8056\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u660e<\/span>\uff0c\u5f9e\u73fe\u5b58\u5c11\u6578\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u4e2d\u96e3\u4ee5\u5224\u5b9a\u3002<\/p><p>\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b78\u8005\u5c07\u9019\u500b\u540d\u5b57\u8207\u8868\u793a\u300c\u65cb\u8f49\u300d\u6216\u300c\u8b8a\u5316\u300d\u7684\u8a5e\u6839\u76f8\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u9019\u8207\u8b8a\u5f62\u4e3b\u984c\u9817\u70ba\u5951\u5408\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e00\u8a5e\u6e90\u8aaa\u6cd5\u540c\u6a23\u672a\u7372\u8b49\u5be6\u3002<\/p><p>\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u56e0\u6b64\u6210\u70ba\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u6839\u672c\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u4f8b\u8b49\uff1a\u4e00\u4f4d<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u67d0\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\u88ab\u5d07\u62dc\u70ba\u795e\u8056\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u660e<\/span>\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u7f85\u99ac\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u7d04\u516c\u5143\u524d800\u5e74\u81f3\u516c\u5143600\u5e74\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u53e4\u4ee3<\/span>\u4f5c\u8005\u5145\u5206\u8a18\u8f09\uff0c\u537b\u4ecd\u5728\u5176\u539f\u521d\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u6a21\u7cca\u4e0d\u6e05\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u73fe\u5b58\u8b49\u64da\u5f80\u5f80\u6642\u4ee3\u8f03\u665a\u3001\u4f86\u81ea\u5916\u90e8\u8996\u89d2\uff0c\u4e26\u5e36\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p><p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8457\u8ff0\u901a\u5e38\u4e26\u5217\u5448\u73fe\u591a\u7a2e\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u63a1\u53d6\u55ae\u4e00\u5b9a\u8ad6\u3002\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u4ee5\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u4f5c\u70ba\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u57ce\u90a6\u806f\u76df\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8c61\u5fb5\uff0c\u5730\u4f4d\u5341\u5206\u7a81\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\uff08\u7cbe\u9078\uff09<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>\u897f\u83ab\u5167\u5854\u00b7\u65af\u6258\u6ce2\u5c3c\uff08Simonetta Stopponi\uff09\uff1a<em>Il Santuario di Voltumna al Campo della Fiera<\/em>\uff08\u591a\u5377\u672c\uff09<\/li><li>\u6bdb\u7f85\u00b7\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u6cd5\u5c3c\uff08Mauro Cristofani\uff09\uff1a<em>Gli Etruschi<\/em>\uff081984\uff09<\/li><li>\u99ac\u897f\u83ab\u00b7\u5e15\u6d1b\u8482\u8afe\uff08Massimo Pallottino\uff09\uff1a<em>Die Etrusker<\/em>\uff081942\uff09<\/li><li>\u62c9\u91cc\u85a9\u00b7\u90a6\u51e1\u7279\uff08Larissa Bonfante\uff09\uff1a<em>Etruscan Mythology<\/em>\uff082006\uff09<\/li><li>\u963f\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9e\u8afe\u00b7\u99ac\u8cc8\u5c3c\uff08Adriano Maggiani\uff09\uff1a\u95dc\u65bc\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8ad6\u8457<\/li><li>\u674e\u7dad\uff08Livius\uff09\uff1a<em>Ab Urbe Condita<\/em>\uff084.23\u30015.17\uff09<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw-add-voltumna e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw-add-voltumna\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw-add-voltumna-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw-add-voltumna-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\uff08Voltumna\uff09\uff0c\u4ea6\u7a31\u7dad\u723e\u5854\uff08Veltha\uff09\u6216\u7dad\u723e\u5716\u52aa\u65af\uff08Vertumnus\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u806f\u76df\u5341\u4e8c\u57ce\u90a6\u7684<strong>\u795e\u8056<\/strong>\u5b88\u8b77\u8005\u3002\u6839\u64da\u674e\u7dad\uff08Livius\uff09\u7684\u8a18\u8f09\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f4d\u65bc\u6c83\u723e\u897f\u5c3c\uff08Volsinii\uff09\u9644\u8fd1\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u737b\u7d66\u67d0\u795e\u660e\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u8056\u5730\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u8056\u6240<\/span>\uff0c\u5373<em>\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u8056\u6240\uff08Fanum Voltumnae\uff09<\/em>\uff0c\u662f\u806f\u76df\u4ee3\u8868\u6bcf\u5e74\u96c6\u6703\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u8207\u53f8\u6cd5\u4e8b\u52d9\u7686\u5728\u6b64\u5171\u540c\u5546\u8b70\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f5c\u70ba\u806f\u76df\u7684\u795e\u8056\u8c61\u5fb5\uff0c\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u8f03\u5c11\u9ad4\u73fe\u65bc\u5bb6\u5ead<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5c0d\u67d0\u795e\u660e\u6216\u8056\u6f54\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u5b97\u6559\u5d07\u62dc\u884c\u70ba\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5d07\u62dc<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u591a\u9ad4\u73fe\u65bc\u570b\u5bb6\u5c64\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u78ba\u4fdd\u4e86\u5404\u81ea\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u57ce\u90a6\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u7a2e\u5100\u5f0f\u6027\u7684\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-voltumna e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-voltumna\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-voltumna-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-voltumna-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684<em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u95dc\u65bc\u795e\u660e\u3001\u8d77\u6e90\u8207\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u50b3\u8aaa\u6558\u4e8b\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u8a71<\/span><\/em>\u5c07\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\uff08Voltumna\uff09\u7a31\u70ba\u5341\u4e8c\u57ce\u90a6\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u806f\u76df\u4e4b\u795e\uff1b\u5728\u6c83\u723e\u897f\u5c3c\uff08Volsinii\uff09\u9644\u8fd1\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u737b\u7d66\u67d0\u795e\u660e\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u8056\u5730\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u8056\u6240<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u6c83\u723e\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u8056\u6240\uff08Fanum Voltumnae\uff09\uff0c\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u806f\u76df\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6bcf\u5e74\u5728\u6b64\u96c6\u6703\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u5546\u8b70\u4e8b\u52d9\u4e26\u8209\u884c\u796d\u5178\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" 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data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard \u8207\u8b77\u8eab\u50b3\u7d71<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-voltumna-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-voltumna-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard\u627f\u63a5\u4e86\u53ef\u96a8\u8eab\u4f69\u6234\u4e4b\u8b77\u8eab\u7269\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u5316\u53f2\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u5ef6\u7e8c<a 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