{"id":163445,"date":"2026-09-05T11:23:25","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T11:23:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=163445"},"modified":"2026-09-05T11:41:08","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T11:41:08","slug":"tinia-etruskischer-hochgott","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/zh-hant\/tinia-etruskischer-hochgott\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8482\u5c3c\u4e9e(Tinia)\uff0d\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u7684\u81f3\u9ad8\u795e"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"163445\" class=\"elementor elementor-163445 elementor-2604 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u8482\u5c3c\u4e9e(Tinia)\uff0d\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u5929\u7a7a\u8207\u81f3\u9ad8\u795e\uff0c\u64f2\u96f7\u8005<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u8482\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff08Tinia\uff0c\u4ea6\u5beb\u4f5cTin\u3001Tina\uff09\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u81f3\u9ad8\u795e\u8207\u5929\u7a7a\u7684\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u5c0d\u61c9\u7f85\u99ac\u6731\u5e87\u7279\uff08Jupiter\uff09\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8\u5b99\u65af\uff08Zeus\uff09\u7684\u795e\u683c\uff0c\u4f46\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u8eab\u7368\u7279\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u3002\u672c\u6587\u63cf\u8ff0\u4ed6\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4e00\u500b\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u795e\u7947\u7684\u7e3d\u9ad4\u3002\" 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data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_etruskisch_tinia-1-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-165323\" alt=\"\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff08Tinia\uff09\uff0d\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u50b3\u7d71\u4e2d\u7684\u795e\u7947\uff0c\u6b77\u53f2\u793a\u610f\u5716\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_etruskisch_tinia-1-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_etruskisch_tinia-1-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_etruskisch_tinia-1-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_etruskisch_tinia-1.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u795e\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u8482\u5c3c\u4e9e\u662f\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\u7684\u81f3\u9ad8\u795e\uff0c\u4e26\u4e3b\u6301\u8af8\u795e\u8b70\u6703\u3002\u4ed6\u8207<a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/zh-hant\/?page_id=163446\">\u70cf\u5c3c\uff08Uni\uff09<\/a>\uff08\u5c0d\u61c9\u6731\u8afeIuno\uff09\u53ca<a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/zh-hant\/?page_id=163447\">\u9580\u723e\u5a03\uff08Menrva\uff09<\/a>\uff08\u5c0d\u61c9\u5bc6\u6d85\u74e6Minerva\uff09\u7d44\u6210\u5361\u76ae\u6258\u5229\u5c3c\u4e09\u795e\uff08kapitolinische Triade\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u8f49\u5411\u7f85\u99ac\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b64\u4e09\u795e\u88ab\u63a5\u7d0d\u70ba\u7f85\u99ac\u5361\u76ae\u6258\u5c71\uff08Capitolium\uff09\u4e0a\u7684\u6731\u5e87\u7279\uff0d\u6731\u8afe\uff0d\u5bc6\u6d85\u74e6\u4e09\u795e\u7d44\u5408\u3002<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u6709\u95dc\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6587\u737b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u99ac\u897f\u83ab\u00b7\u5e15\u6d1b\u8482\u8afe\uff08Massimo Pallottino\uff09\u7684\u300a\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u300b\uff08<em>Die Etrusker<\/em>\uff0c1942\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u6587\u72481965\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u62c9\u91cc\u85a9\u00b7\u90a6\u8303\u7279\uff08Larissa Bonfante\uff09\u7684\u300a\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u795e\u8a71\u300b\uff08<em>Etruscan Mythology<\/em>\uff0c2006\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8b93\uff0d\u96f7\u5167\u00b7\u96c5\u8afe\uff08Jean-Rene Jannot\uff09\u7684\u300a\u53e4\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u300b\uff08<em>Religion in Ancient Etruria<\/em>\uff0c2005\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u8482\u5c3c\u4e9e\u662f\u91cd\u5efa\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5c0d\u67d0\u5b97\u6559\u4e4b\u795e\u8207\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u6027\u6559\u7fa9\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5b78<\/span>\u6642\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/span><\/p><p>\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u8482\u5c3c\u4e9e\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5fc5\u9808\u7406\u89e3\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u4f4d\uff1a\u5b83\u8655\u65bc\u5e0c\u81d8\u5316\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u4e16\u754c\u8207\u65b0\u8208\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\uff0d\u7f85\u99ac\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4ea4\u6703\u9ede\uff0c\u5728\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u626e\u6f14\u4e2d\u4ecb\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p><p>\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u6a4b\u63a5\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5c0d<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f03\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7acb\u5834\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5b97\u6559\u5b78<\/span>\u800c\u8a00\u683c\u5916\u5177\u6709\u555f\u767c\u6027\u3002\u99ac\u897f\u83ab\u00b7\u5e15\u6d1b\u8482\u8afe\uff08Massimo Pallottino\uff09\u3001\u96c5\u514b\u00b7\u5384\u723e\u5ca1\uff08Jacques Heurgon\uff09\u3001\u897f\u6bd4\u723e\u00b7\u6d77\u56e0\u65af\uff08Sybille Haynes\uff09\u3001\u83ab\u7f85\u00b7\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u6cd5\u5c3c\uff08Mauro Cristofani\uff09\u8207\u55ac\u51e1\u5c3c\u00b7\u79d1\u9686\u7d0d\uff08Giovanni Colonna\uff09\u7b49\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u81ea\u6210\u9ad4\u7cfb\u3001\u7368\u7acb\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u5b97\u6559<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u77e5\u8b58\u8207\u6558\u4e8b\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e16\u4ee3\u7684\u50b3\u627f\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u50b3\u627f<\/span>\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5c0d\u67d0\u5b97\u6559\u4e4b\u795e\u8207\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u6027\u6559\u7fa9\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5b78<\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4e00\u500b\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u795e\u7947\u7684\u7e3d\u9ad4\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u7cfb<\/span>\u7d50\u69cb\u5206\u660e\uff1a\u5b58\u5728\u5c64\u7d1a\u5206\u7d1a\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u8482\u5c3c\u4e9e\u5c45\u65bc\u9802\u7aef\uff0c\u6bcf\u4f4d\u795e\u7947\u7686\u88ab\u8ce6\u4e88\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8077\u638c\u3002\u8f03\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5e38\u5c07\u9019\u5957\u795e\u7947\u9ad4\u7cfb\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u795e\u79d8\u96e3\u89e3\u6216\u4ee4\u4eba\u964c\u751f\u3002\u4f46\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\u4e00\u7a2e\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u5177\u6709\u5167\u5728\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u7368\u7279\u5f62\u614b\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u6a1e\u7d10\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1a\u6b63\u662f\u901a\u904e\u4ed6\u5011\uff0c\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u50b3\u5165\u4e86\u65e5\u5f8c\u5b55\u80b2\u51fa\u7f85\u99ac\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5730\u5340\u3002\u8482\u5c3c\u4e9e\u5f8c\u4f86\u88ab\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u6731\u5e87\u7279\uff08Iupiter\uff09\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u6700\u5177\u5b97\u6559\u5b78\u555f\u767c\u6027\u7684\u5c64\u9762\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u540d\u7a31\u8207\u8a5e\u6e90<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u8482\u5c3c\u4e9e\u4e4b\u540d\u898b\u65bc\u5927\u91cf\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u9298\u6587\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u662f\u76ae\u4e9e\u7434\u5bdf\u809d\u81df\u6a21\u578b\uff083\u4e16\u7d00\u524d\uff0c\u516c\u5143\u524d\uff09,\u8a72\u6a21\u578b\u5c07\u5929\u754c\u5283\u5206\u70ba16\u500b\u5340\u584a\uff0c\u8482\u5c3c\u4e9e\u88ab\u5217\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e00\u5340\u8207\u6700\u672b\u5340\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u6a19\u5b9a\u4e86\u6574\u500b\u795e\u5929\u7684\u908a\u754c\u3002\u6b64\u540d\u7a31\u78ba\u5207\u7684\u5b57\u6e90\u610f\u7fa9\u81f3\u4eca\u5c1a\u7121\u5b9a\u8ad6\u3002<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u95dc\u65bc\u5b57\u6e90\u7684\u63a8\u6e2c\u773e\u591a\uff0c\u5f9e\u300c\u767d\u65e5\u300d\uff08\u6e90\u81ea\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u8a9e*tin\uff09\u5230\u300c\u9802\u7aef\u3001\u5cf0\u9802\u300d\u7686\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u3002\u8d6b\u723e\u7a46\u7279\u00b7\u91cc\u514b\u65af\uff08Helmut Rix\uff09\u5728\u300a\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u6587\u672c\uff1a\u7cbe\u7c21\u7248\u300b\uff08<em>Etruscan Texts: Editio Minor<\/em>\uff0c1991\u5e74\uff09\u4e2d\u532f\u96c6\u4e86\u5168\u90e8\u76f8\u95dc\u7891\u9298\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u9664\u4e86Tin\u9019\u4e00\u7a31\u547c\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8482\u5c3c\u4e9e\u9084\u4ee5\u300c\u8482\u5c3c\u4e9e\u00b7\u5361\u9b6f\u65af\u7d0d\u300d\uff08Tinia Calusna\uff0c\u610f\u70ba\u300c\u4e0b\u754c\u7684\u8482\u5c3c\u4e9e\u300d\uff09\u3001\u8482\u5c3c\u4e9e\u00b7\u7d22\u65af\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff08Tinia Sosnial\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u8482\u5c3c\u4e9e\u00b7\u5716\u592b\u723e\u5854\uff08Tinia Thufltha\uff09\u7b49\u5225\u540d\u898b\u65bc\u8a18\u8f09\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u5177\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8077\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u8a9e\u5728\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u4e0a\u662f\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u6b78\u5165\u4efb\u4f55\u5df2\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u8a9e\u7cfb\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u5047\u8aaa\u5c07\u5176\u6b78\u5165\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u63d0\u723e\u585e\u5c3c\u8a9e\u7fa4\u300d\uff08tyrsenische Gruppe\uff09\uff0c\u840a\u59c6\u8afe\u65af\u8a9e\uff08Lemnische\uff09\u8207\u96f7\u63d0\u4e9e\u8a9e\uff08R\u00e4tische\uff09\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5c6c\u65bc\u9019\u4e00\u8a9e\u7fa4\u3002<\/p><p>\u81ea19\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u5b78\u8005\u4fbf\u8457\u624b\u89e3\u8b80\u76f8\u95dc\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u4f46\u81f3\u4eca\u5c1a\u7121\u6700\u7d42\u5b9a\u8ad6\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u5c0d\u8482\u5c3c\u4e9e\u7b49\u795e\u540d\uff08Theonyme\uff09\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f5c\u70ba\u7891\u9298\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u8d6b\u723e\u7a46\u7279\u00b7\u91cc\u514b\u65af\uff08Helmut Rix\uff09\u7684\u7cbe\u7c21\u7248\u5f59\u7de8\u4e86\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u8a9e\u8a9e\u6599\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ea6\u6536\u9304\u4e26\u8a18\u8f09\u4e86\u8482\u5c3c\u4e9e\u9019\u4e00\u540d\u7a31\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u53ef\u4f9b\u88dc\u5145\u67e5\u95b1\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u9084\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u8a9e\u8a5e\u5eab\u300b\uff08Thesaurus Linguae Etruscae\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u7dda\u4e0a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eabETP\uff08\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u6587\u672c\u8a08\u756b\uff0cEtruscan Texts Project\uff09\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u7a76\u7adf\u6e90\u81ea\u4f55\u8655\uff0c\u81ea<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5e0c\u81d8\u8207\u7f85\u99ac\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u5927\u7d04\u81ea\u516c\u5143\u524d800\u5e74\u81f3\u516c\u5143600\u5e74\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u53e4\u4ee3<\/span>\u4ee5\u4f86\u4fbf\u773e\u8aaa\u7d1b\u7d1c\uff1a\u5e0c\u7f85\u591a\u5fb7\uff08Herodot\uff09\u5c07\u5176\u8d77\u6e90\u8ffd\u6eaf\u81f3\u5442\u5e95\u4e9e\uff08Lydien\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u54c8\u5229\u5361\u7d0d\u7d22\u65af\u7684\u72c4\u5967\u5c3c\u4fee\u65af\uff08Dionysios von Halikarnass\uff09\u5247\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u672c\u571f\u7684\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u6c11\u65cf\u3002<\/p><p>\u9019\u4e00\u722d\u8ad6\u5c0d\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u800c\u8a00\u610f\u7fa9\u91cd\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u4e43\u81f3\u8482\u5c3c\u4e9e\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u795e\u7947\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u8207\u5c0f\u4e9e\u7d30\u4e9e\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\u6709\u6240\u95dc\u806f\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u63cf\u8ff0\u8207\u5716\u50cf\u5b78<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff08Tinia\uff09\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\uff08Etruskisch\uff09\u85dd\u8853\u4e2d\u88ab\u63cf\u7e6a\u70ba\u4e00\u4f4d\u7559\u9b0d\u9b1a\u7684\u7537\u5b50\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u624b\u6301\u96f7\u96fb\u675f\u3001\u6b0a\u6756\u6216\u84ee\u82b1\u6756\u3002\u8457\u540d\u7684\u9752\u9285\u50cf\u5c55\u793a\u4ed6\u4ee5\u5750\u59ff\u6216\u7acb\u59ff\u5448\u73fe\u795e\u6027\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4ef6\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5c0f\u96d5\u50cf\u51fa\u571f\u65bc\u76ae\u7fc1\u6bd4\u8afe\uff08Piombino\uff09\uff0c\u5e74\u4ee3\u7d04\u70ba\u516c\u5143\u524d5\u4e16\u7d00\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u93e1\u5b50\uff08\u7d04\u516c\u5143\u524d4\u81f33\u4e16\u7d00\uff09\u4e0a\uff0c\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u7d93\u5e38\u51fa\u73fe\u65bc\u795e\u8a71\u5834\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e26\u5e38\u9644\u6709\u9298\u6587\u8aaa\u660e\u3002\u62c9\u91cc\u85a9\u00b7\u90a6\u51e1\u7279\uff08Larissa Bonfante\uff09\u5728\u5176\u95dc\u65bc\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5716\u50cf\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u95e1\u660e\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u5716\u50cf\u8868\u73fe\u7684\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u3002\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u6709\u6642\u4f69\u6234\u8457\u8c61\u5fb5\u96f2\u5929\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4e00\u7a2e\u4ee3\u8868\u67d0\u7a2e\u89c0\u5ff5\u6216\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u6a19\u8a18\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u7b26\u865f<\/span>\uff0c\u6216\u6709\u9df9\u96a8\u884c\u3002<\/p><p>\u7531\u65bc\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6587\u5b57\u795e\u8a71\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u85dd\u8853\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u5448\u73fe\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u93e1\u5b50\u3001\u9676\u74f6\u3001\u5893\u846c\u58c1\u756b\u548c\u9752\u9285\u96d5\u50cf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6750\u6599\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u4e0a\u6975\u5177\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u62c9\u91cc\u85a9\u00b7\u90a6\u51e1\u7279\uff08Larissa Bonfante\uff09\u5728\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5716\u50cf\u8a9e\u8a00\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u50c5\u662f\u5c0d\u5e0c\u81d8\u7bc4\u672c\u7684\u6a21\u4eff\u3002<\/p><p>\u5893\u846c\u58c1\u756b\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e86\u89e3\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u89c0\u5ff5\u53ca\u4f86\u4e16\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5177\u6709\u7279\u5225\u9ad8\u7684\u53f2\u6599\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u9019\u985e\u58c1\u756b\u4e3b\u8981\u4fdd\u5b58\u65bc\u5854\u723e\u594e\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff08Tarquinia\uff09\u3001\u5207\u723e\u97cb\u6cf0\u91cc\uff08Cerveteri\uff09\u8207\u6b66\u723e\u5947\uff08Vulci\uff09\u3002\u7246\u9762\u4e0a\u7e6a\u6709\u5bb4\u98f2\u5834\u666f\u3001\u795e\u8a71\u60c5\u7bc0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u821e\u8e48\u8207\u97f3\u6a02\u7684\u756b\u9762\uff0c\u5448\u73fe\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u73fe\u4e16\u751f\u6d3b\u5ef6\u7e8c\u7684\u4f86\u4e16\u89c0\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5716\u50cf\u5275\u4f5c\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u5c07\u591a\u500b\u4eba\u7269\u7d44\u5408\u6210\u5834\u666f\uff0c\u6697\u793a\u6558\u4e8b\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u8c61\u5fb5\u624b\u6cd5\u6fc3\u7e2e\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u4e5f\u7d93\u5e38\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u985e\u591a\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u69cb\u6210\u4e2d\u3002\u89e3\u8b80\u9019\u7a2e\u8868\u73fe\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u5716\u50cf\u5b78\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4efb\u52d9\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u795e\u8a71\u8207\u795e\u8a71\u6558\u4e8b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8\u548c\u7f85\u99ac\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4e00\u500b\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u6d41\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u8af8\u795e\u6558\u4e8b\u7684\u7e3d\u7a31\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u8a71<\/span>\u53ea\u64c1\u6709\u7247\u6bb5\u6027\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u81ea\u8eab\u4e26\u672a\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6574\u795e\u8a71\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u66f8\u5beb\u3002\u6211\u5011\u6240\u77e5\u7684\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u7686\u4f86\u81ea\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u8cc7\u6599\uff08\u93e1\u9298\u3001\u9676\u74f6\u756b\u3001\u5893\u846c\u58c1\u756b\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e0c\u81d8\u7f85\u99ac\u7684\u4e8c\u624b\u6587\u737b\u3002<\/p><p>\u5df2\u77e5\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u6295\u64f2\u4e09\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u7684\u96f7\u96fb\uff1a\u8b66\u544a\u6027\u7684\u3001\u61f2\u7f70\u6027\u7684\u8207\u6bc0\u6ec5\u6027\u7684\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5340\u5206\u662f\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u5360\u535c\u9ad4\u7cfb\u300cDisciplina Etrusca\u300d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u897f\u585e\u7f85\uff08Cicero\uff09\u5728\u5176\u300a\u8ad6\u5360\u535c\u300b\uff08<em>De Divinatione<\/em>\uff09\u4e2d\u5c0d\u6b64\u6709\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u5728<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5e0c\u81d8\u8207\u7f85\u99ac\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u7d04\u516c\u5143\u524d800\u5e74\u81f3\u516c\u5143600\u5e74\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u53e4\u5178\u6642\u4ee3<\/span>\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u96f7\u96fb\u89e3\u8b80\uff08fulguratio\uff09\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5c08\u5bb6\u3002<\/p><p>\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8\u6216\u7f85\u99ac<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4e00\u500b\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u6d41\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u8af8\u795e\u6558\u4e8b\u7684\u7e3d\u7a31\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u8a71<\/span>\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u795e\u8a71\u4e26\u672a\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6574\u6558\u4e8b\u6587\u672c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6d41\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u65bc\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u76f8\u95dc\u795e\u8a71\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u5f9e\u5716\u50cf\u63cf\u7e6a\u3001\u9298\u6587\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e0c\u81d8\u8207\u7f85\u99ac\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u8a18\u8f09\u4e2d\u63a8\u5c0e\u800c\u4f86\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u9593\u63a5\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u77e5\u8b58\u8207\u6558\u4e8b\u8de8\u4ee3\u50b3\u627f\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u50b3\u627f<\/span>\u8981\u6c42\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u63a1\u53d6\u683c\u5916\u8b39\u614e\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4e00\u500b\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u6d41\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u8af8\u795e\u6558\u4e8b\u7684\u7e3d\u7a31\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u8a71<\/span>\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u6b78\u7d50\u70ba\u55ae\u7d14\u7684\u501f\u7528\u3002\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u78ba\u5be6\u63a1\u7528\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u5e0c\u81d8\u984c\u6750\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u95dc\u65bc\u963f\u57fa\u91cc\u65af\uff08Achilleus\uff09\u3001\u5967\u5fb7\u4fee\u65af\uff08Odysseus\uff09\u6216\u4f0a\u5e95\u5e15\u65af\uff08\u00d6dipus\uff09\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u5f80\u5f80\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u6545\u4e8b\u52a0\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u8a6e\u91cb\uff0c\u4e26\u8a2d\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5074\u91cd\u9ede\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u9019\u7a2e\u5438\u6536\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u6f14\u8b8a\uff0c\u4ecd\u662f\u5b78\u754c\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8ab2\u984c\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u95dc\u65bc\u795e\u8207\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5b78<\/span>\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u986f\u8457\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u662f\u8af8\u795e\u8b70\u6703\uff08consensus deorum\uff09\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u4e26\u975e\u7368\u81ea\u505a\u51fa\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u795e\u6027\u5354\u5546\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u5f9e\u5b97\u6559\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5354\u5546\u6027\u7684\u6a5f\u69cb\u662f\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u4e00\u9805\u7279\u8272\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u8207\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u5360\u535c\u8853<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u5957\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7cbe\u7d30\u5316\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u900f\u904e\u89e3\u8b80\u5fb5\u5146\u4ee5\u8a8d\u8b58\u96b1\u85cf\u6216\u672a\u4f86\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5360\u535c<\/span>\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u5728<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5e0c\u81d8\u8207\u7f85\u99ac\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u7d04\u516c\u5143\u524d800\u5e74\u81f3\u516c\u5143600\u5e74\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u53e4\u5178\u6642\u4ee3<\/span>\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300cDisciplina Etrusca\u300d\u3002\u5b83\u7531\u4e09\u5927\u4e3b\u8981\u9818\u57df\u7d44\u6210\uff1a\u5167\u81df\u5360\uff08haruspicina\uff09\u3001\u96f7\u96fb\u89e3\u8b80\uff08fulguratio\uff09\u8207\u9ce5\u5360\u3002\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u662f\u96f7\u96fb\u89e3\u8b80\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u6b63\u662f\u6295\u64f2\u96f7\u96fb\u7684\u795e\u3002<\/p><p>\u76ae\u4e9e\u7434\u5bdf\u9752\u9285\u809d\uff08Bronzeleber von Piacenza\uff09\u662f\u9019\u4e00\u50b3\u7d71\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5be6\u7269\u8b49\u64da\u3002\u5b83\u88ab\u5283\u5206\u70ba16\u500b\u5929\u754c\u5340\u584a\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u5340\u584a\u5c0d\u61c9\u4e00\u4f4d\u795e\u3002\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u51fa\u73fe\u4e09\u6b21\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u4f4d\u65bcTin\/Cilensl\u3001Tin\/Thuf\u8207Tin\/Thne\u4e09\u500b\u5340\u584a\uff0c\u9019\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u8a79\u8afe\u7279\uff08Jannot\uff09\u7684\u300a\u53e4\u4ee3\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u300b\uff08<em>Religion in Ancient Etruria<\/em>\uff09\u5c0d\u6b64\u6709\u6700\u8a73\u76e1\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3002<\/p><p>\u6240\u8b02\u300cDisciplina Etrusca\u300d\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u5360\u535c\u9ad4\u5236\u3002\u5b83\u7531\u4e09\u500b\u9818\u57df\u69cb\u6210\uff1a\u5167\u81df\u5360\uff08haruspicina\uff09\u3001\u96f7\u96fb\u89e3\u8b80\uff08fulguratio\uff09\u8207\u9ce5\u5360\uff08auspicia\uff09\u3002<\/p><p>\u96f7\u96fb\u89e3\u8b80\u5c24\u5176\u8207\u4f5c\u70ba\u96f7\u96fb\u6295\u64f2\u8005\u7684\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u95dc\u3002\u7f85\u99ac\u4eba\u7e7c\u627f\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5176\u5be6\u884c\u81f3\u516c\u51434\u4e16\u7d00\uff1b\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u6b64\u7684\u8a73\u7d30\u8a18\u8f09\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5f97\u6b78\u529f\u65bc\u897f\u585e\u7f85\uff08Cicero\uff09\u8207\u585e\u5167\u5361\uff08Seneca\uff09\u3002<\/p><p>\u300cDisciplina Etrusca\u300d\u662f\u900f\u904e\u5c08\u9580\u8a2d\u7acb\u7684\u796d\u53f8\u5b78\u6821\u4f86\u50b3\u6388\u7684\u3002\u5176\u6559\u7fa9\u8a18\u8f09\u65bc\u66f8\u7c4d\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u5100\u5f0f\u4e4b\u66f8\u300b\uff08Libri Rituales\uff09\u3001\u300a\u5167\u81df\u5360\u4e4b\u66f8\u300b\uff08Libri Haruspicini\uff09\u8207\u300a\u96f7\u96fb\u4e4b\u66f8\u300b\uff08Libri Fulgurales\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e5f\u898f\u7bc4\u4e86\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u96f7\u96fb\u7684\u89e3\u8b80\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p><p>\u9019\u4e9b\u6587\u737b\u672c\u8eab\u4e26\u672a\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u897f\u585e\u7f85\uff08Cicero\uff09\u3001\u8cbb\u65af\u5716\u65af\uff08Festus\uff09\u8207\u99ac\u514b\u7f85\u6bd4\u70cf\u65af\uff08Macrobius\uff09\u7b49\u7f85\u99ac\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u4e88\u4ee5\u9084\u539f\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u751f\u6d3b\u8207\u5404\u500b\u57ce\u90a6\u7dca\u5bc6\u76f8\u9023\u3002\u5854\u723e\u594e\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff08Tarquinia\uff09\u3001\u5207\u96f7\uff08Caere\uff09\u3001\u6b66\u723e\u5947\uff08Vulci\uff09\u3001\u7dad\u4f0a\uff08Veji\uff09\u3001\u514b\u76e7\u897f\u59c6\uff08Clusium\uff09\u3001\u6c83\u723e\u897f\u5c3c\uff08Volsinii\uff09\u3001\u79d1\u723e\u6258\u7d0d\uff08Cortona\uff09\u3001\u4f69\u9b6f\u8cc8\uff08Perugia\uff09\u3001\u963f\u96f7\u4f50\uff08Arezzo\uff09\u3001\u6c83\u723e\u6cf0\u62c9\uff08Volterra\uff09\u3001\u6ce2\u666e\u6d1b\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff08Populonia\uff09\u8207\u7f85\u585e\u840a\uff08Roselle\uff09\u7b49\u5404\u5927\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u90fd\u5404\u81ea\u7dad\u6301\u8457\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u796d\u7940\u8207\u5b97\u6559\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c0d\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\u5728\u5404\u5730\u4e5f\u5448\u73fe\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6a23\u8c8c\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u796d\u5100\u8207\u5100\u5f0f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff08Tinia\uff09\u5728\u773e\u591a\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u795e\u5edf\u4e2d\u53d7\u5230\u5d07\u62dc\u3002\u7dad\u4f0a\uff08Veji\uff09\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4f9b\u5949\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u796d\u7940\u4e4b\u7528\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5edf<\/span>\u3001\u7531\u6b66\u723e\u5361\uff08Vulca\uff09\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u7dad\u4f0a\u963f\u6ce2\u7f85<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4f9b\u5949\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u796d\u7940\u4e4b\u7528\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5edf<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5854\u723e\u594e\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff08Tarquinia\uff09\u3001\u51f1\u96f7\uff08Caere\uff09\u548c\u6c83\u897f\u5c3c\u4f0a\uff08Volsinii\uff09\u7684\u5927\u578b<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4f9b\u5949\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u796d\u7940\u4e4b\u7528\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5edf<\/span>\u90fd\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u796d\u7940\u5834\u6240\u3002\u7f85\u99ac\u5361\u76ae\u6258\u5229\u6b50\u5c71\uff08Capitolium\uff09\u4e0a\u7684\u5361\u76ae\u6258\u5229\u4e09\u795e\uff08\u6731\u5e80\u7279(Iupiter)\uff0d\u6731\u8afe(Iuno)\uff0d\u5bc6\u6d85\u74e6(Minerva)\uff09\u7531\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u5efa\u9020\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff0d\u70cf\u5c3c\uff08Uni\uff09\uff0d\u9580\u723e\u5a03\uff08Menrva\uff09\u4e09\u795e\u7d44\u5408\u3002<\/p><p>\u796d\u5100\u5305\u62ec<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u737b\u7d66\u795e\u660e\u7684\u796d\u54c1\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u8868\u9054\u611f\u8b1d\u3001\u7948\u6c42\u6216\u5d07\u656c\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u796d\u54c1<\/span>\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u516c\u725b\u737b\u796d\uff09\u3001\u7948\u79b1\u4ee5\u53ca\u5360\u535c\u5100\u5f0f\u3002\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u64c1\u6709\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u796d\u53f8\u7b49\u7d1a\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u796d\u53f8\u5f80\u5f80\u540c\u6642\u662f\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9818\u8896\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5b97\u6559\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u7d50\u5408\u6b63\u662f\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u793e\u6703\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u3002<\/p><p>\u5efa\u7bc9\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f9b\u5949\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u7684\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4f9b\u5949\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u796d\u7940\u4e4b\u7528\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5edf<\/span>\u4ee5\u300c\u5716\u65af\u574e\u5f0f\u300d\uff08Tuscanus\uff09\u98a8\u683c\u8457\u7a31\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u7dad\u7279\u9b6f\u5a01\uff08Vitruv\uff09\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u5efa\u7bc9\u5341\u66f8\u300b\uff08De Architectura\uff09\u4e2d\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u7368\u7279\u67f1\u5f0f\u3002\u5176\u5e73\u9762\u5e03\u5c40\u5f37\u8abf\u6b63\u6bbf\uff08Cella\uff09\u548c\u5bec\u95ca\u7684\u524d\u5eca\uff0c\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8\u795e\u5edf\u5efa\u7bc9\u660e\u986f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p><p>\u8a31\u591a\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4f9b\u5949\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u796d\u7940\u4e4b\u7528\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5edf<\/span>\u898f\u6a21\u5b8f\u5927\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u7f85\u99ac\u5361\u76ae\u6258\u5229\u6b50\u5c71\u4e0a\u7684\u6731\u5e80\u7279<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4f9b\u5949\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u796d\u7940\u4e4b\u7528\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5edf<\/span>\uff0c\u7531\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u548c\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u53c3\u8207\u5efa\u9020\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u7dad\u4f0a\u7684\u6b66\u723e\u5361\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u6731\u5e80\u7279\u5c0d\u61c9\u65bc\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff0c\u9019\u5ea7\u5efa\u7bc9\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u65e9\u671f\u7f85\u99ac\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u898b\u8b49\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5341\u4e8c\u57ce\u806f\u76df\u6bcf\u5e74\u90fd\u5728\u6c83\u897f\u5c3c\u4f0a\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6c83\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\u8056\u5730\uff08Fanum Voltumnae\uff09\u96c6\u6703\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u4e8b\u52d9\u540c\u6642\u5728\u6b64\u5546\u8b70\u3002\u9019\u500b\u57ce\u90a6\u806f\u76df\u7684\u5b88\u8b77\u795e\u662f\u6c83\u5716\u59c6\u7d0d\uff08Voltumna\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u5b97\u6559\u610f\u7fa9\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u5404\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u6574\u9ad4\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u8b77\u8eab\u50b3\u7d71\u8207\u8f9f\u90aa\u7fd2\u4fd7<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u5728\u8b77\u8eab\u76f8\u95dc\u8a9e\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u4e3b\u8981\u900f\u904e\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u6559\u7fa9\uff08Disciplina Etrusca\uff09\u5411\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u7948\u6c42\u5e87\u8b77\u3002\u5efa\u9020\u65b0\u623f\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u57ce\u5e02\u6216\u505a\u51fa\u91cd\u5927\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6703\u8acb\u6559\u5167\u81df\u5360\u535c\u5e2b\uff08Haruspices\uff09\u6216\u89c0\u9ce5\u5360\u535c\u5e2b\uff08Augures\uff09\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u505a\u6cd5\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\uff0c\u662f\u570b\u5bb6\u9ad4\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p><p>\u72f9\u7fa9\u7684\u8f9f\u90aa\u7fd2\u4fd7\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u4e2d\u76f8\u7576\u666e\u904d\u3002\u4eba\u5011\u900f\u904e\u967d\u5177\u5f62\u8b77\u8eab\u7b26\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u624b\u52e2\u53ca\u9298\u6587\u4f86\u62b5\u79a6\u60e1\u773c\u3002\u9019\u985e\u7fd2\u4fd7\u8207\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u9805\u91cd\u5927\u8209\u63aa\u90fd\u5728\u9019\u4f4d\u81f3\u9ad8\u795e\u660e\u7684\u5e87\u8b77\u4e0b\u9032\u884c\u3002\u62c9\u91cc\u85a9\u00b7\u90a6\u8303\u7279\uff08Larissa Bonfante\uff09\u5728\u591a\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u8a18\u9304\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u8f9f\u90aa\u5716\u50cf\u8a9e\u8a00\u3002<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u8b77\u8eab\u7fd2\u4fd7\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8f9f\u90aa\u7684\u3001\u9a45\u907f\u6027\u7684\u7b26\u865f\uff1a\u967d\u5177\u5f62\u8b77\u8eab\u7b26\u3001\u86c7\u9aee\u5973\u5996\uff08\u6208\u723e\u8ca2\uff09\u5716\u50cf\u3001\u773c\u5f62\u7b26\u865f\u3001\u7403\u5f62\u8b77\u8eab\u7b26\uff08Bullae\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5492\u8a9e\u3002\u62c9\u91cc\u85a9\u00b7\u90a6\u8303\u7279\u5728\u5176\u81ea1980\u5e74\u8d77\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4e4b\u93e1\u300b\uff08Etruscan Mirrors\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7d71\u5730\u6574\u7406\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u8b77\u8eab\u7b26\u865f\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u8a9e\u8a00\u3002<\/span><\/p><p>\u8f9f\u90aa\u7b26\u865f\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7121\u8655\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u4e4b\u773c\u3001\u967d\u5177\u5f62\u8b77\u8eab\u7b26\u548c\u86c7\u9aee\u5973\u5996\u5716\u50cf\u3002\u4eba\u5011\u5c07\u5b83\u5011\u88dd\u98fe\u5728\u795e\u5edf\u3001\u5893\u7a74\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u795e\u58c7\u4ee5\u53ca\u500b\u4eba\u7269\u54c1\u4e0a\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u505a\u6cd5\u5728\u7f85\u99ac\u4e43\u81f3\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u6c11\u9593\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e2d\u5f97\u4ee5\u5ef6\u7e8c\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u7684\u8b77\u8eab\u89c0\u5ff5\u5e7e\u4e4e\u8207\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u6559\u7fa9\u5bc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u3002\u5728\u5c55\u958b\u91cd\u5927\u4e8b\u696d\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u5efa\u57ce\u3001\u5f81\u6230\u9084\u662f\u5efa\u5c4b\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u90fd\u6703\u900f\u904e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u89e3\u8b80\u5fb5\u5146\u4ee5\u6d1e\u5bdf\u96b1\u85cf\u4e8b\u7269\u6216\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5360\u535c<\/span>\u4f86\u63a2\u6c42\u795e\u660e\u7684\u610f\u65e8\uff0c\u800c\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u6b63\u662f\u773e\u795e\u4e2d\u5730\u4f4d\u6700\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u795e\u8a71<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u5728\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u5c0d\u61c9\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u5b99\u65af\uff08Zeus\uff09\u8207\u7f85\u99ac\u7684\u6731\u5e80\u7279\uff08Jupiter\uff09\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5c0d\u61c9\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u985e\u578b\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\u7684\uff1a\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u662f\u5e0c\u81d8\u5b97\u6559\u8207\u7f85\u99ac\u5b97\u6559\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6a4b\u6a11\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u5e0c\u81d8\u795e\u8a71\u90fd\u662f\u900f\u904e\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u50b3\u5165\u7f85\u99ac\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u3002\u7f85\u99ac\u7684\u5361\u76ae\u6258\u5229\u4e09\u795e\u9ad4\u7cfb\u6b63\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u627f\u8972\u81ea\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff0d\u70cf\u5c3c\uff0d\u9580\u723e\u5a03\u9ad4\u7cfb\u3002<\/p><p>\u5f9e\u5b97\u6559\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u5370\u6b50\u8a9e\u7cfb\u5929\u7a7a\u81f3\u9ad8\u795e\u76f8\u806f\u7e6b\uff1a\u5420\u9640\u7684\u8fea\u5384\u65af\u00b7\u76ae\u5854\uff08Dyaus Pita\uff09\u3001\u6ce2\u7f85\u7684\u8a9e\u7cfb\u7684\u8fea\u8036\u74e6\u65af\uff08Dievas\uff09\u3001\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u7684\u63d0\u723e\uff08Tyr\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u70ba\u5929\u7a7a\u4e4b\u795e\uff09\u3002\u81f3\u9ad8\u5929\u795e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u5370\u6b50\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u5f9e\u8a9e\u6e90\u5b78\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u90fd\u5f97\u5230\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p><p>\u96a8\u8457\u300c\u7f85\u99ac\u5f0f\u8a6e\u91cb\u300d\uff08interpretatio Romana\uff09\u7684\u63a8\u884c\uff0c\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u795e\u660e\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u7f85\u99ac\u540d\u7a31\uff1a\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u6731\u5e80\u7279\uff0c\u70cf\u5c3c\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u6731\u8afe\uff0c\u9580\u723e\u5a03\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u5bc6\u6d85\u74e6\u3002\u7136\u800c\u9019\u985e\u7b49\u540c\u95dc\u4fc2\u9bae\u5c11\u6db5\u84cb\u795e\u660e\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u9762\u8c8c\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u51f8\u986f\u51fa\u5176\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5fb5\u3002<\/p><p>\u904e\u53bb\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u91cd\u65b0\u63ed\u793a\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u795e\u660e\u8eab\u4e0a\u7368\u5177\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7279\u8272\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u8207\u5b89\u7d0d\u6258\u5229\u4e9e\u3001\u8153\u5c3c\u57fa\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd1\u6771\u5730\u5340\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u6709\u8457\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u63a5\u89f8\u9ede\u3002\u76ae\u723e\u5409\u9298\u677f\uff08Pyrgi-Tafeln\uff09\u70ba\u8207\u8153\u5c3c\u57fa\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5177\u9ad4\u8b49\u64da\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u8de8\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4ea4\u7e54\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5c0d\u67d0\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u6216\u795e\u8056\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u5b97\u6559\u5d07\u62dc\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u7e3d\u7a31\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5d07\u62dc<\/span>\u5728\u5167\uff0c\u662f\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p><p>\u5f9e\u5b97\u6559\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u8996\u89d2\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5c0d\u67d0\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u6216\u795e\u8056\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u5b97\u6559\u5d07\u62dc\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u7e3d\u7a31\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5d07\u62dc<\/span>\u5c6c\u65bc\u66f4\u5ee3\u5927\u7684\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5b97\u6559\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8\u3001\u8153\u5c3c\u57fa\u3001\u57c3\u53ca\u3001\u5b89\u7d0d\u6258\u5229\u4e9e\u53ca\u62c9\u4e01\u59c6\uff08Latium\uff09\u7686\u6709\u95dc\u806f\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u6d89\u53ca\u5c0d\u5929\u7a7a\u4e4b\u795e\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u7576\u4ee3\u7814\u7a76<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\uff08Etruscan religion\uff09\u5982\u4eca\u662f\u570b\u969b\u5b78\u754c\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6a5f\u69cb\u5305\u62ec\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u8207\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u7814\u7a76\u570b\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08Istituto Nazionale di Studi Etruschi ed Italici\uff0c\u4f5b\u7f85\u502b\u65af\uff09\u3001\u68b5\u8482\u5ca1\u535a\u7269\u9928\u7684\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u9928\u4ee5\u53ca\u6ce2\u58eb\u9813\u7f8e\u8853\u535a\u7269\u9928\uff08Boston Museum of Fine Arts\uff09\u3002\u7576\u4ee3\u91cd\u8981\u5b78\u8005\u6709\u62c9\u91cc\u85a9\u00b7\u90a6\u6cd5\u7279\uff08Larissa Bonfante\uff0c1931\u20132019\uff09\u3001\u5357\u5e0c\u00b7\u6e6f\u59c6\u68ee\u00b7\u5fb7\u683c\u62c9\u8499\u5fb7\uff08Nancy Thomson de Grummond\uff09\u3001\u73cd\u00b7\u9ea5\u91d1\u6258\u4ec0\u00b7\u5716\u723e\u6cd5\uff08Jean MacIntosh Turfa\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u746a\u9e97-\u52de\u502b\u65af\u00b7\u54c8\u514b\uff08Marie-Laurence Haack\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p><p>\u904e\u53bb\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u5df2\u7531\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u8a9e\u6587\u5b78\u8207\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u767c\u5c55\u70ba\u8de8\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u300c\u795e\u79d8\u96e3\u89e3\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u5df2\u6709\u76f8\u7576\u5145\u5206\u7684\u8a18\u9304\u3002<\/p><p>\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u53ca\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u795e\u683c\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff08Tinia\uff09\u5df2\u5f62\u6210\u570b\u969b\u6027\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u7db2\u7d61\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u64da\u9ede\u5305\u62ec\u4f5b\u7f85\u502b\u65af\u5927\u5b78\u3001\u7f85\u99ac\u5927\u5b78\uff08Sapienza\uff09\u3001\u6bd4\u85a9\u5927\u5b78\u3001\u5716\u8cd3\u6839\u5927\u5b78\u8207\u666e\u6797\u65af\u9813\u5927\u5b78\u3002\u6bcf\u5e74\u90fd\u6709\u591a\u5834\u570b\u969b\u6703\u8b70\u5c08\u9580\u63a2\u8a0e\u9019\u4e00\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u5404\u500b\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u7576\u524d\u5c0d\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u6578\u4f4d\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u591a\uff1a\u5c0d\u795e\u5edf\u8207\u5893\u7a74\u9032\u884c\u4e09\u7dad\u6383\u63cf\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u9298\u6587\u8207\u5716\u50cf\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u904b\u7528\u5730\u7406\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7cfb\u7d71\u5206\u6790\u805a\u843d\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u958b\u62d3\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u6d1e\u898b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u8207\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u796d\u7940\u5834\u6240\u3002<\/p><p>\u900f\u904e\u5c55\u89bd\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5927\u773e\u4e5f\u5f97\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u68b5\u8482\u5ca1\u535a\u7269\u9928\u3001\u6731\u5229\u4e9e\u5225\u5885\u570b\u5bb6\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u535a\u7269\u9928\uff08Museo Nazionale Etrusco di Villa Giulia\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u6ce2\u58eb\u9813\u7f8e\u8853\u535a\u7269\u9928\u6240\u8209\u8fa6\u7684\u5c55\u89bd\uff0c\u4e26\u8f14\u4ee5\u5927\u91cf\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\u8207\u7814\u7a76\u73fe\u6cc1<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u6709\u95dc\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff08Tinia\uff09\u7814\u7a76\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\u5305\u62ec\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u9298\u6587\uff08\u8d6b\u723e\u7a46\u7279\u00b7\u91cc\u514b\u65af\u3014Helmut Rix\u3015\u7684\u300aEditio Minor\u300b\uff09\u3001\u76ae\u4e9e\u7434\u5bdf\u9752\u9285\u809d\uff08Bronzeleber von Piacenza\uff09\u3001\u9644\u6709\u984c\u8fad\u7684\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u93e1\u5b50\u3001\u7f85\u99ac\u6587\u737b\uff08\u897f\u585e\u7f85\u3001\u8001\u666e\u6797\u5c3c\u3001\u585e\u5167\u5361\uff09\u3001\u5e0c\u81d8\u6587\u737b\uff08\u72c4\u5967\u591a\u7f85\u65af\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f86\u81ea\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5404\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u8003\u53e4\u767c\u73fe\u3002<\/p><p>\u82e5\u5c07\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u7f6e\u65bc<a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/zh-hant\/?page_id=163408\">\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u53f2<\/a>\u6574\u9ad4\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8a0e\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u770b\u51fa\u4ed6\u4e26\u975e\u5b64\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u8207\u70cf\u5c3c\uff08Uni\uff09\u3001\u9580\u723e\u74e6\uff08Menrva\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u963f\u5716\u4e9e\uff08Atua\uff09\u8af8\u795e\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u7db2\u7d61\u4e2d\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u95dc\u806f\u6027\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u4e0a\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p><p>\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u8207\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u9762\u5c0d\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u4e26\u4e0d\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u57fa\u790e\uff1a\u6536\u9304\u65bc\u8d6b\u723e\u7a46\u7279\u00b7\u91cc\u514b\u65af\u300aEditio Minor\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u7891\u9298\u8b49\u64da\u3001\u8003\u53e4\u767c\u73fe\u3001\u5716\u50cf\u8cc7\u6599\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e8c\u624b\u6587\u737b\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u8de8\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u8fd1\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u5730\u5c07\u8a9e\u6587\u5b78\u3001<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u900f\u904e\u7269\u8cea\u907a\u5b58\u7814\u7a76\u904e\u5f80\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u8003\u53e4\u5b78<\/span>\u3001<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f03\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u4e0d\u5e36\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7acb\u5834\u7814\u7a76\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5b97\u6559\u5b78<\/span>\u8207\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7d50\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<\/p><p>\u8981\u9032\u884c\u6070\u7576\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u540c\u6642\u719f\u6089\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u737b\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8\u7f85\u99ac\u7684\u4e8c\u624b\u50b3\u4e16\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u7dad\u6301\u9019\u7a2e\u96d9\u91cd\u8996\u89d2\u4e26\u975e\u6613\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46\u82e5\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5b83\uff0c\u4fbf\u7121\u6cd5\u59a5\u5584\u91cd\u5efa\u570d\u7e5e\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u3002<\/p><p>\u8981\u5c0d\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u4f5c\u51fa\u624e\u5be6\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u5168\u9762\u638c\u63e1\u7891\u9298\u3001\u8003\u53e4\u8207\u6587\u737b\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e86\u89e3\u73fe\u4ee3<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f03\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u4e0d\u5e36\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7acb\u5834\u7814\u7a76\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5b97\u6559\u5b78<\/span>\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d6\u5f91\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u591a\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u5b78\u754c\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u505a\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26a95d44 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp26a95d44\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2f2cdc09 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2f2cdc09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u76ae\u4e9e\u7434\u5bdf\u9752\u9285\u809d\u8207\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u7684\u5730\u4f4d<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2601f2b0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2601f2b0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2e620b60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2e620b60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u95dc\u65bc\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff08Tinia\uff09\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u8af8\u795e\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5be6\u7269\uff1a\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u76ae\u4e9e\u7434\u5bdf\u809d\u300d\uff08Leber von Piacenza\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u662f1877\u5e74\u5728\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u5317\u90e8\u9019\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u9644\u8fd1\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u4e00\u4ef6\u9752\u9285\u7f8a\u809d\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p><p>\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u88fd\u4f5c\u65bc\u516c\u5143\u524d2\u4e16\u7d00\u62161\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u662f\u7528\u65bc\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5167\u81df\u5360\u535c\u8853\uff08\u54c8\u9b6f\u65af\u5e87\u8f9b\uff0cHaruspizin\uff09\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u6216\u7df4\u7fd2\u5668\u5177\u3002<\/p><p>\u9019\u4ef6\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5283\u5206\u70ba\u591a\u500b\u5340\u584a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u56db\u5341\u500b\u5340\u584a\u523b\u6709\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u6587\u5b57\u66f8\u5beb\u7684\u795e\u540d\u3002\u5916\u7de3\u5247\u5206\u70ba\u5341\u516d\u500b\u5340\u6bb5\uff0c\u5c0d\u61c9\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u5c07\u5929\u7a7a\u5283\u5206\u6210\u7684\u5341\u516d\u500b\u5929\u5340\u3002<\/p><p>\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u9019\u4f4d\u81f3\u9ad8\u7684\u5929\u7a7a\u8207\u96f7\u96fb\u4e4b\u795e\uff0c\u5728\u6a21\u578b\u4e0a\u591a\u6b21\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u4ed6\u5730\u4f4d\u7a81\u51fa\u537b\u4e26\u975e\u552f\u4e00\u81f3\u5c0a\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u591a\u500b\u5340\u584a\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u6216\u8a31\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u795e\u660e\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u9762\u5411\u6216\u8077\u80fd\u3002<\/p><p>\u76f8\u95dc\u7814\u7a76\u59cb\u65bc19\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u4e26\u7531\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b78\u8005\u99ac\u897f\u83ab\u00b7\u5e15\u6d1b\u8482\u8afe\uff08Massimo Pallottino\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u5357\u5e0c\u00b7\u5fb7\u683c\u62c9\u8499\u5fb7\uff08Nancy de Grummond\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u5ef6\u7e8c\uff0c\u5c07\u9019\u4ef6\u9752\u9285\u809d\u8996\u70ba\u7406\u89e3\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u67d0\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u95dc\u65bc\u4e16\u754c\u7d50\u69cb\u8207\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5b87\u5b99\u89c0<\/span>\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u7dda\u7d22\u3002<\/p><p>\u5b83\u986f\u793a\u51fa\uff0c\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u8a2d\u60f3\u7684\u5929\u7a7a\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u6709\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5206\u5340\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u5404\u5340\u7686\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u795e\u660e\u5c45\u4f4f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9583\u96fb\u4f86\u8972\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u4e5f\u5c31\u80fd\u88ab\u8ce6\u4e88\u89e3\u91cb\u3002<\/p><p>\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5206\u5e03\u65bc\u591a\u500b\u5340\u584a\uff0c\u51f8\u986f\u51fa\u4ed6\u4f5c\u70ba\u96f7\u96fb\u4e4b\u4e3b\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u5957\u89e3\u91cb\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5c45\u65bc\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u7f3a\u4e4f\u88dc\u5145\u6027\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u5340\u584a\u7684\u78ba\u5207\u542b\u7fa9\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u90e8\u5206\u5b58\u6709\u722d\u8b70\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2a7a8bb1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2a7a8bb1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp209a9973 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp209a9973\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u7684\u4e09\u7a2e\u96f7\u96fb<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2e91d0cf e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2e91d0cf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26c3f640 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp26c3f640\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u4e00\u9805\u50c5\u900f\u904e\u7f85\u99ac\u4eba\u8f49\u8ff0\u800c\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b78\u8aaa\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff08Tinia\uff09\u5c0d\u96f7\u96fb\u6240\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u5206\u5c64\u6b0a\u529b\u3002<\/p><p>\u7f85\u99ac\u5b78\u8005\u585e\u5167\u5361\uff08Seneca\uff09\u5728\u5176\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u554f\u984c\u300b\uff08<em>Naturales quaestiones<\/em>\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f9d\u64da\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u8a18\u8f09\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u6700\u9ad8\u795e\u4e26\u975e\u80fd\u81ea\u7531\u652f\u914d\u6240\u6709\u96f7\u96fb\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u96f7\u96fb\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7368\u81ea\u64f2\u51fa\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e9b\u96f7\u96fb\u6027\u8cea\u6eab\u548c\uff0c\u8f03\u504f\u5411\u8b66\u793a\u6027\u8cea\u3002<\/p><p>\u6839\u64da\u6d41\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u5b78\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u66f4\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u96f7\u96fb\uff0c\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u5fc5\u9808\u5fb5\u8a62\u4e00\u500b\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba<em>di consentes<\/em>\uff08\u300c\u5354\u540c\u795e\u300d\uff09\u6216\u300c\u96b1\u853d\u8af8\u795e\u300d\u7684\u795e\u660e\u6703\u8b70\u7684\u610f\u898b\u3002\u552f\u6709\u53d6\u5f97\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u4ed6\u624d\u80fd\u64f2\u51fa\u771f\u6b63\u6703\u9020\u6210\u640d\u5bb3\u7684\u96f7\u96fb\u3002<\/p><p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u7a2e\u3001\u66f4\u5177\u6bc0\u6ec5\u6027\u7684\u96f7\u96fb\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u7372\u5f97\u66f4\u9ad8\u3001\u66f4\u96b1\u5bc6\u7684\u8af8\u795e\u540c\u610f\u5f8c\u624d\u80fd\u767c\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u96f7\u96fb\u6703\u6c38\u4e45\u6539\u8b8a\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002<\/p><p>\u9019\u5957\u4e09\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u5b78\u8aaa\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u4e0a\u9817\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5c07\u6700\u9ad8\u795e\u7d0d\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u8aee\u5546\u8207\u9650\u5236\u4ea4\u7e54\u7684\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u8ce6\u4e88\u4ed6\u7121\u9650\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u3002\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u5f37\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u4e26\u975e\u4efb\u610f\u5984\u70ba\uff1b\u4ed6\u6700\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u5e72\u9810\u5fc5\u9808\u53d6\u5f97\u96c6\u9ad4\u7684\u540c\u610f\u3002<\/p><p>\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6a21\u5f0f\u8207\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u8655\u8655\u4e95\u7136\u6709\u5e8f\u3001\u53ef\u88ab\u89e3\u8b80\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u76f8\u7b26\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u5ff5\u4e5f\u9ad4\u73fe\u5728\u96f7\u96fb\u5360\u535c\u8853\u9019\u9580\u5b78\u79d1\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p><p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u5957\u5b78\u8aaa\u50c5\u900f\u904e\u585e\u5167\u5361\u7b49\u7f85\u99ac\u4f5c\u5bb6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u96bb\u8a00\u7247\u8a9e\u5f97\u4ee5\u6d41\u50b3\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u585e\u5167\u5361\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u7cbe\u78ba\u50b3\u9054\u4e86\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u5df2\u7d93\u5c07\u5176\u8f49\u8b6f\u70ba\u7f85\u99ac\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u7bc4\u7587\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u7121\u6cd5\u78ba\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\uff08\u7cbe\u9078\uff09<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><span data-nosnippet>\u99ac\u897f\u83ab\u00b7\u5e15\u6d1b\u8482\u8afe\uff08Massimo Pallottino\uff09\uff1a<em>Die Etrusker<\/em>\uff081942\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u6587\u72481965\u5e74\uff09<\/span><\/li><li>\u62c9\u91cc\u85a9\u00b7\u90a6\u51e1\u7279\uff08Larissa Bonfante\uff09\uff1a<em>Etruscan Mythology<\/em>\uff082006\uff09<\/li><li>\u8b93-\u96f7\u5167\u00b7\u8cc8\u8afe\uff08Jean-Rene Jannot\uff09\uff1a<em>Religion in Ancient Etruria<\/em>\uff082005\uff09<\/li><li>\u897f\u585e\u7f85\uff08Cicero\uff09\uff1a<em>De Divinatione<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>\u66f4\u591a\u6a19\u6e96\u8457\u4f5c\u8acb\u53c3\u898b<a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/zh-hant\/?page_id=163225\">\u6587\u737b\u76ee\u9304<\/a>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-tinia e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-tinia\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-tinia-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-tinia-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u7684<em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4e00\u5247\u95dc\u65bc\u8af8\u795e\u3001\u8d77\u6e90\u8207\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6d41\u50b3\u6558\u4e8b\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u8a71<\/span><\/em>\u5c07\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff08Tinia\uff09\u63cf\u7e6a\u70ba\u81f3\u9ad8\u5929\u795e\uff0c\u4ed6\u900f\u904e\u4e09\u7a2e\u96f7\u96fb\u78ba\u4fdd\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\uff1b\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u737b\uff0c\u5982\u585e\u5167\u5361\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c07\u9019\u5957\u6e90\u81ea\u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5360\u535c\u5178\u7c4d\u7684\u300c\u96f7\u96fb\u300d\uff08<em>fulgura<\/em>\uff09\u5b78\u8aaa\u6d41\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>\u76f8\u95dc\u95dc\u9375\u8a5e\uff1a\u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff08Tinia\uff09 \u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u4eba \u81f3\u9ad8\u795e \u96f7\u96fb \u4f0a\u7279\u9b6f\u91cc\u4e9e\u5b78\u554f\uff08Disciplina Etrusca\uff09 \u76ae\u4e9e\u7434\u5bdf\uff08Piacenza\uff09 \u6731\u5e87\u7279 \u63d0\u5c3c\u4e9e\u00b7\u5361\u9b6f\u65af\u7d0d\uff08Tinia Calusna\uff09\u3002<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-tinia\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard \u8207\u8b77\u8eab\u50b3\u7d71<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tinia-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tinia-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell 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