{"id":163388,"date":"2026-09-05T11:22:57","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T11:22:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=163388"},"modified":"2026-09-05T11:39:36","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T11:39:36","slug":"spiritism","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/zh-hant\/spiritism\/","title":{"rendered":"\u901a\u9748\u8853"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\u901a\u9748\u8853\uff08Spiritismus\uff09\u662f\u8207\u4ea1\u8005\u9032\u884c\u901a\u9748\u4ea4\u6d41<\/strong>\u7684\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u7531\u827e\u502b\u00b7\u5361\u7538\uff08Allan Kardec\uff09\u7cfb\u7d71\u5316\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u9748\u5a92\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u964d\u795e\u6703\u5be6\u8e10<\/strong>\u4e2d\u65bd\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u901a\u9748\u8853<\/span><\/strong>\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5b78\u8aaa\u8207\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f35\u4ea1\u8005\u7684\u9748\u9b42\u53ef\u900f\u904e\u9748\u5a92\u8207\u751f\u8005\u6e9d\u901a\u3002\u6b64\u904b\u52d5\u65bc1848\u5e74\u8d77\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u50b3\u64ad\u81f3\u6b50\u6d32\u8207\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\uff0c\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u97ff\u4e8619\u820720\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u65e2\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5b97\u6559\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u65e9\u671f\u5fc3\u9748\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u8d85\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\uff09\u7684\u63a2\u8a0e\u9818\u57df\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1848\u5e74\u6d77\u5fb7\u65af\u7dad\u723e\u8207\u798f\u514b\u65af\u59ca\u59b9<\/h2>\n

1848\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u746a\u683c\u9e97\u7279\uff08Margaret\uff09\u8207\u51f1\u7279\u00b7\u798f\u514b\u65af\uff08Kate Fox\uff09\u59ca\u59b9\u5728\u7d10\u7d04\u6d77\u5fb7\u65af\u7dad\u723e\uff08Hydesville\uff09\u5ba3\u7a31\uff0c\u5979\u5011\u5bb6\u4e2d\u51fa\u73fe\u6572\u64ca\u8072\uff0c\u4e26\u6703\u4ee5\u4e00\u6b21\u6216\u591a\u6b21\u6572\u64ca\u56de\u61c9\u63d0\u554f\u3002<\/span><\/p>

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\u827e\u502b\u00b7\u5361\u7538\u8207\u6cd5\u570b\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u5316<\/h2>\n

\u5728\u6cd5\u570b\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\u4f0a\u6ce2\u5229\u7279\u00b7\u840a\u6602\u00b7\u5fb7\u5c3c\u624e\u723e\u00b7\u91cc\u74e6\u4f0a\uff08Hippolyte L\u00e9on Denizard Rivail\uff09\u81ea1857\u5e74\u8d77\u4ee5\u7b46\u540d\u827e\u502b\u00b7\u5361\u7538\uff0c\u5c07\u6b64\u5b78\u8aaa\u7cfb\u7d71\u5316\u3002<\/p>

\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u9748\u4e4b\u66f8\u300b\uff08Le Livre des Esprits<\/em>\uff0c1857\u5e74\uff09\u8207\u300a\u9748\u5a92\u4e4b\u66f8\u300b\uff08Livre des M\u00e9diums<\/em>\uff0c1861\u5e74\uff09\u5c07\u901a\u9748\u8853\u767c\u5c55\u70ba\u4e00\u5957\u9023\u8cab\u7684\u6559\u7fa9\uff1a\u9748\u9b42\u70ba\u6c42\u9010\u6b65\u5b8c\u5584\u800c\u8f2a\u8ff4\u8f49\u4e16\u3001\u9748\u754c\u4f9d\u5c64\u7d1a\u6709\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u3001\u4ee5\u535a\u611b\u8207\u5fc3\u9748\u7cbe\u9032\u4f5c\u70ba\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u502b\u7406\u6e96\u5247\u3002\u5361\u7538\u7684\u9ad4\u7cfb\u8207\u76ce\u683c\u9b6f\u6492\u514b\u905c\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u552f\u9748\u8ad6\uff08Spiritualismus\uff09\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u5728\u65bc\u5176\u660e\u78ba\u4e3b\u5f35\u8f2a\u8ff4\u8f49\u4e16\u7684\u6559\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5361\u7538\u5f0f\u901a\u9748\u8853\u5728\u5df4\u897f\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6545\u9109\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u898f\u6a21\u6700\u5927\u3001\u7d44\u7e54\u6700\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u901a\u9748\u8853\u4fe1\u773e\u7fa4\u9ad4\u4fbf\u4f4d\u65bc\u5df4\u897f\uff0c\u4e26\u5ef6\u4f38\u51fa\u7fc1\u73ed\u9054\u6559\uff08Umbanda\uff09\u8207\u574e\u6771\u5e03\u96f7\u6559\uff08Candombl\u00e9\uff09\u7b49\u5206\u652f\u3002\u5728\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6c11\u9593\u4fe1\u4ef0\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u5361\u7538\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u540c\u6a23\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5be6\u8e10\u5f62\u5f0f<\/h2>\n

\u901a\u9748\u8853\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u6709\u5e7e\u7a2e\u4e3b\u8981\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u6700\u7d93\u5178\u7684\u662f\u570d\u5750\u534a\u5713\u5f62\u684c\u65c1\u7684\u964d\u795e\u6703\uff0c\u7531\u9748\u5a92\u4e3b\u6301\uff0c\u9748\u5a92\u5728\u8f15\u5ea6\u6216\u6df1\u5ea6\u51fa\u795e\u72c0\u614b\u4e0b\u50b3\u905e\u8a0a\u606f\u3002\u6e9d\u901a\u65b9\u5f0f\u5305\u62ec\u6572\u64ca\u8072\u3001\u684c\u5b50\u79fb\u52d5\u3001\u81ea\u52d5\u66f8\u5beb\uff0c\u6216\u7531\u9748\u5a92\u53e3\u4e2d\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\u3002<\/p>

19\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\uff0c\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u66f4\u5177\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff1a\u61f8\u6d6e\u3001\u7269\u8cea\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u9748\u8cea\uff08ektoplasmatische Substanzen\uff09\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u66f4\u5177\u6232\u5287\u6027\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u4e00\u6ce2\u79d1\u5b78\u8abf\u67e5\u7684\u71b1\u6f6e\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u63ed\u767c\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8a50\u9a19\u6848\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65e9\u671f\u8d85\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78<\/h2>\n

1882\u5e74\uff0c\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u9081\u723e\u65af\uff08Frederic Myers\uff09\u3001\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u897f\u5947\u5a01\u514b\uff08Henry Sidgwick\uff09\u3001\u57c3\u5fb7\u8499\u00b7\u683c\u5c3c\uff08Edmund Gurney\uff09\u8207\u57c3\u8389\u8afe\u00b7\u897f\u5947\u5a01\u514b\uff08Eleanor Sidgwick\uff09\u5728\u502b\u6566\u5275\u7acb\u4e86\u5fc3\u9748\u7814\u7a76\u5b78\u6703\uff08Society for Psychical Research\uff0c\u7c21\u7a31SPR\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u901a\u9748\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u8a72\u5b78\u6703\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u300a\u5e7b\u89ba\u666e\u67e5\u300b\uff08Census of Hallucinations<\/em>\uff0c1894\u5e74\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u591a\u5377\u672c\u7684\u300a\u6703\u520a\u300b\uff08Proceedings<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/p>

SPR\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u70ba\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u6027\u8d85\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\uff08William James\uff09\u665a\u5e74\u66fe\u5bc6\u96c6\u8207\u9748\u5a92\u8389\u5967\u8afe\u62c9\u00b7\u6d3e\u73c0\uff08Leonora Piper\uff09\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e26\u7a31\u5979\u70ba\u300c\u767d\u70cf\u9d09\u300d\uff08white crow\uff09\uff0c\u610f\u6307\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8db3\u4ee5\u52d5\u6416\u300c\u6240\u6709\u901a\u9748\u5831\u544a\u7686\u7d14\u5c6c\u4e3b\u89c0\u300d\u9019\u4e00\u666e\u904d\u8ad6\u9ede\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u570b\u751f\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\u590f\u723e\u00b7\u91cc\u6b47\uff08Charles Richet\uff09\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u300c\u9748\u8cea\u300d\uff08Ektoplasma\uff09\u4e00\u8a5e\uff0c\u4e26\u4e3b\u6301\u4e86\u591a\u5834\u56b4\u683c\u63a7\u7ba1\u7684\u964d\u795e\u6703\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u8d85\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u8ad6\u300b\uff08Trait\u00e9 de M\u00e9tapsychique<\/em>\uff0c1922\u5e74\uff09\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u662f\u9019\u5834\u56b4\u8085\u79d1\u5b78\u63a2\u8a0e\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6587\u737b\u3002\u9748\u5a92\u5c24\u85a9\u76ae\u4e9e\u00b7\u5e15\u62c9\u8fea\u8afe\uff08Eusapia Palladino\uff09\u7684\u901a\u9748\u80fd\u529b\u7d93\u904e\u6578\u767e\u6b21\u53d7\u63a7\u964d\u795e\u6703\u7684\u6aa2\u9a57\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u8005\u8207\u6279\u8a55\u8005\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\u59cb\u7d42\u722d\u8ad6\u4e0d\u4f11\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u61f7\u7591\u8207\u63ed\u767c<\/h2>\n

\u65e9\u572819\u4e16\u7d00\u4e0b\u534a\u8449\uff0c\u4fbf\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u9748\u5a92\u88ab\u63ed\u767c\u70ba\u9a19\u5b50\u3002<\/p>

\u798f\u514b\u65af\u59ca\u59b9\u672c\u4eba\u65bc1888\u5e74\u516c\u958b\u627f\u8a8d\uff0c\u5979\u5011\u7684\u6572\u64ca\u8072\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u9760\u6273\u52d5\u8173\u8dbe\u95dc\u7bc0\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\uff08\u746a\u683c\u9e97\u7279\u5f8c\u4f86\u53c8\u64a4\u56de\u4e86\u9019\u9805\u4f9b\u8a5e\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u9805\u627f\u8a8d\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff09\u3002\u821e\u53f0\u9b54\u8853\u5e2b\u54c8\u5229\u00b7\u80e1\u8fea\u5c3c\uff08Harry Houdini\uff09\u57281920\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c07\u63ed\u7a7f\u8a50\u9a19\u9748\u5a92\u8996\u70ba\u5df1\u4efb\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u9b54\u8853\u5e2b\u5728\u9748\u5a92\u4e2d\u300b\uff08A Magician Among the Spirits<\/em>\uff0c1924\u5e74\uff09\u8a18\u9304\u4e86\u6578\u5341\u8d77\u6b64\u985e\u6848\u4f8b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5373\u4fbf\u4e26\u975e\u6bcf\u4e00\u7a2e\u73fe\u8c61\u90fd\u51fa\u65bc\u8a50\u9a19\uff0c\u6276\u684c\u964d\u9748\u4e2d\u6240\u898b\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u904b\u52d5\u6548\u61c9\uff08ideomotorischer Effekt\uff09\u7b49\u751f\u7406\u6027\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6b3a\u9a19\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u5728\u7121\u9808\u523b\u610f\u64cd\u7e31\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u89e3\u91cb\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u684c\u5b50\u8207\u66f8\u5beb\u73fe\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

\u901a\u9748\u8853\u7684\u4eca\u65e5\u9762\u8c8c<\/h2>\n

\u7d44\u7e54\u5316\u7684\u901a\u9748\u8853\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5df4\u897f\uff08\u5df4\u897f\u901a\u9748\u806f\u5408\u6703\u3014Federa\u00e7\u00e3o Esp\u00edrita Brasileira\u3015\u64c1\u6709\u6578\u767e\u842c\u4fe1\u773e\uff09\u3001\u6cd5\u570b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u82f1\u570b\uff08\u552f\u9748\u8ad6\u8005\u5168\u570b\u806f\u76df\u3014Spiritualists’ National Union\u3015\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5fb7\u8a9e\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u6b64\u904b\u52d5\u898f\u6a21\u8f03\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u900f\u904e\u964d\u795e\u5718\u9ad4\u3001\u51fa\u795e\u9748\u5a92\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f9e\u4e8b\u5f7c\u5cb8\u63a5\u89f8<\/a>\u7684\u5404\u985e\u5be6\u8e10\u8005\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>

\u5c31\u5c0d\u9748<\/span>\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u901a\u9748\u8853\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u95dc\u9375\u50b3\u7d71\uff1a170\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u898f\u6a21\u6700\u9f90\u5927\u7684\u5df2\u8a18\u9304\u9748\u9b42\u63a5\u89f8\u5831\u544a\u6587\u737b\u5eab\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u6301\u7e8c\u5f15\u767c\u95dc\u65bc\u5176\u771f\u5be6\u6027\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90<\/h2>\n
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  • \u827e\u502b\u00b7\u5361\u7538\uff08Allan Kardec\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u9748\u4e4b\u66f8\u300b\uff08Das Buch der Geister<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u5fb7\u6587\u7248\uff0c\u5e03\u9b6f\u585e\u723e\uff0c1996\u5e74\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n
  • \u73cd\u59ae\u7279\u00b7\u5967\u672c\u6d77\u59c6\uff08Janet Oppenheim\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4e16\u754c\uff1a1850\u81f31914\u5e74\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u552f\u9748\u8ad6\u8207\u5fc3\u9748\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff08The Other World. Spiritualism and Psychical Research in England 1850, 1914<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u528d\u6a4b\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1985\u5e74\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n
  • \u5b89\u00b7\u5e03\u52de\u5fb7\uff08Ann Braude\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u9748\u9b42\uff1a19\u4e16\u7d00\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u552f\u9748\u8ad6\u8207\u5a66\u5973\u6b0a\u5229\u300b\uff08Radical Spirits. Spiritualism and Women’s Rights in 19th Century America<\/em>\uff09\uff0cBeacon\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1989\u5e74\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n
  • \u96f7\u8afe\u00b7\u57c3\u592b\u62c9\u723e\uff08Renaud Evrard\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u760b\u72c2\u8207\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u73fe\u8c61\u300b\uff08Folie et paranormal<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u96f7\u6069\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2014\u5e74\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n
  • \u840a\u6602\u7d0d\u591a\u00b7\u6587\u68ee\u8482\u5c3c\uff08Leonardo Vincentini\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u5df4\u897f\u7684\u901a\u9748\u8853\u300b\uff08Spiritism in Brazil<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u8def\u6613\u65af\u9813\uff0c2009\u5e74\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3408,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"\u552f\u9748\u8ad6\u901a\u9748\u8853","_yoast_wpseo_title":"\u552f\u9748\u8ad6\u2014\u2014\u5361\u723e\u5fb7\u514b\u8207\u901a\u9748\u8853 | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"\u552f\u9748\u8ad6\u662f\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u8208\u8d77\u7684\u901a\u9748\u904b\u52d5\u3002\u827e\u502b\u00b7\u5361\u723e\u5fb7\u514b\uff08Allan 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