{"id":68803,"date":"2026-08-01T16:15:18","date_gmt":"2026-08-01T16:15:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/%e5%9c%b0%e8%97%8f%e8%8f%a9%e8%90%a8\/"},"modified":"2026-08-01T16:15:45","modified_gmt":"2026-08-01T16:15:45","slug":"ksitigarbha","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/zh-hans\/ksitigarbha\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5730\u85cf\u83e9\u8428"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"68803\" class=\"elementor elementor-68803 elementor-3038\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e868ac8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e868ac8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe78d0d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fe78d0d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a4c167 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3a4c167\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e09f43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5e09f43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u5730\u85cf\u83e9\u8428\uff0c\u5730\u72f1\u6551\u5ea6\u8005<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a54a838 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a54a838\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u5730\u85cf\u83e9\u8428\uff08Ksitigarbha\uff0c\u68b5\u6587\u610f\u4e3a\u300c\u5927\u5730\u7684\u80ce\u85cf\u300d\uff09\u662f\u5927\u4e58\u4f5b\u6559\u53ca\u4e1c\u4e9a\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u83e9\u8428\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u4ed6\u4ee5\u4e00\u5927<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4e00\u79cd\u5e84\u4e25\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u8a93\u613f\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u8a93\u613f<\/span>\u8457\u79f0\uff1a\u8a93\u4e0d\u5148\u8bc1\u4f5b\u679c\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e00\u5207\u4f17\u751f\u7686\u4ece\u5730\u72f1\u9053\u4e2d\u5f97\u5ea6\u89e3\u8131\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4ed6\u79f0\u5730\u85cf\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u79f0\u5730\u85cf\uff08Jizo\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u671d\u9c9c\u79f0\u5730\u85cf\u83e9\u8428\uff08Jijang 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elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6c4716c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_ksitigarbha-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3274\" alt=\"Ksitigarbha - G\u00f6tter aus der Buddhismus-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_ksitigarbha-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_ksitigarbha-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_ksitigarbha-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_ksitigarbha.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0214908 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0214908\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0b1329 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d0b1329\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc79855 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dc79855\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u68b5\u6587\u6587\u732e\u4e0e\u7ecf\u5178<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f19d17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f19d17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6587\u732e\u662f\u300a\u5730\u85cf\u83e9\u8428\u672c\u613f<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u4e0e\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u4ee5\u7b80\u6d01\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6559\u4e49\u6587\u672c\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u7ecf<\/span>\u300b\uff08\u68b5\u6587Ksitigarbha-Bodhisattva-Purvapranidhana-Sutra\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u5730\u85cf<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u4e0e\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u4ee5\u7b80\u6d01\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6559\u4e49\u6587\u672c\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u7ecf<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u7ecf\u4ec5\u5b587\u4e16\u7eaa\u6c49\u6587\u8bd1\u672c\uff0c\u5176\u68b5\u6587\u539f\u5178\u5df2\u4f5a\u6216\u672c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p><p>Robert Buswell\u4e0eDonald Lopez\uff08\u300aPrinceton Dictionary of Buddhism\u300b\uff0cPrinceton 2014\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6b64<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u4e0e\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u4ee5\u7b80\u6d01\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6559\u4e49\u6587\u672c\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u7ecf<\/span>\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e\u4e2d\u4e9a\u6216\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u662f\u5c06\u65e9\u671f\u83e9\u8428\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6bcd\u9898\u6574\u5408\u4e3a\u65b0\u8bf4\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002<\/p><p>\u6b64<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u4e0e\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u4ee5\u7b80\u6d01\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6559\u4e49\u6587\u672c\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u7ecf<\/span>\u63cf\u8ff0\u5730\u85cf\u7684\u6570\u6bb5\u524d\u4e16\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ed6\u6216\u4ee5\u5973\u8eab\u3001\u6216\u4ee5\u5a46\u7f57\u95e8\u8eab\uff0c\u53cd\u590d\u53d1\u4e0b\u6551\u5ea6\u5730\u72f1\u4f17\u751f\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4e00\u79cd\u5e84\u4e25\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u8a93\u613f\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u8a93\u613f<\/span>\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u5048\u8bed\u5927\u610f\u4e3a\uff1a\u300c\u5730\u72f1\u672a\u7a7a\uff0c\u8a93\u4e0d\u6210\u4f5b\uff1b\u4f17\u751f\u672a\u5ea6\uff0c\u8a93\u4e0d\u5165\u6d85\u69c3\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u7bc7\u5e45\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u662f\u300a\u5730\u85cf\u5341\u8f6e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u4e0e\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u4ee5\u7b80\u6d01\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6559\u4e49\u6587\u672c\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u7ecf<\/span>\u300b\uff0c\u8bba\u8ff0\u83e9\u8428\u6240\u8f6c\u5341\u8f6e\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u672b\u6cd5\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8870\u5815\u3002\u4e24\u90e8\u6587\u732e\u5747\u5df2\u6536\u5165\u4e1c\u4e9a\u4e09\u85cf\uff0c\u5177\u6709<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5c5e\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e00\u5b97\u6559\u88ab\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u5178\u7c4d\u8303\u7574\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u7ecf\u5178<\/span>\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe85b6b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fe85b6b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac0183d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ac0183d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u5728\u4e07\u795e\u6bbf\u4e2d\u7684\u804c\u80fd<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d06f78 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8d06f78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u4e58\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\uff0c\u5730\u85cf\u4e0e\u89c2\u4e16\u97f3\uff08Avalokiteshvara\uff0c\u5373\u89c2\u97f3\uff09\u3001\u6587\u6b8a\uff08Manjushri\uff0c\u5373\u6587\u6b8a\u5e08\u5229\uff09\u3001\u666e\u8d24\uff08Samantabhadra\uff0c\u5373\u666e\u8d24\u83e9\u8428\uff09\u5e76\u5217\u4e3a\u56db\u5927\u83e9\u8428\u3002\u56db\u4f4d\u5404\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5723\u5c71\uff0c\u5730\u85cf\u5bf9\u5e94\u5b89\u5fbd\u4e5d\u534e\u5c71\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u56db\u5c71\u4f20\u7edf\u81ea9\u4e16\u7eaa\u8d77\u6709\u636e\u53ef\u67e5\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u6784\u5efa\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u671d\u5723\u5730\u7406\u683c\u5c40\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u804c\u80fd\u4e0a\uff0c\u5730\u85cf\u4e0e\u89c2\u4e16\u97f3\u5171\u62c5\u6148\u60b2\u83e9\u8428\u4e4b\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4f46\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u547d\u5f7c\u5cb8\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002\u89c2\u4e16\u97f3\u62a4\u6301\u6b64\u4e16\u4f17\u751f\uff0c\u5730\u85cf\u5219\u884c\u5316\u4e8e\u516d\u9053\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4f59\u4e94\u9053\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5730\u72f1\u9053\uff08naraka\uff09\u4e0e\u997f\u9b3c\u9053\uff08preta\uff09\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a88e1a2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a88e1a2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2848bc5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2848bc5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u56fe\u50cf\u5b66<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5f7b92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d5f7b92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u5730\u85cf\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u6bd4\u4e18\u5f62\u8c61\u793a\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u4ed6\u6709\u522b\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8eab\u62ab\u748e\u73de\u7684\u83e9\u8428\u3002\u4ed6\u624b\u6301\u9521\u6756\uff08Khakkhara\uff09\uff0c\u6756\u5934\u73af\u94c3\uff0c\u65e2\u53ef\u53e9\u5f00\u5730\u72f1\u4e4b\u95e8\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u9a71\u6563\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6606\u866b\uff0c\u4f7f\u6bd4\u4e18\u884c\u8d70\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f24\u751f\u547d\u3002<\/p><p>\u5de6\u624b\u6301\u5982\u610f\u5b9d\u73e0\uff08Cintamani\uff09\uff0c\u4e3a\u5e7d\u6697\u5904\u5e26\u6765\u5149\u660e\u3002\u5176\u5934\u90e8\u5243\u5ea6\u5982\u53d7\u5177\u8db3\u6212\u7684\u6bd4\u4e18\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5730\u85cf\uff08Jizo\uff09\u56fe\u50cf\u5b66\u627f\u7ee7\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u5e76\u52a0\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\uff0c\u8def\u65c1\u7684\u5c0f\u77f3\u50cf\u662f\u4ece\u7ecf\u5178\u539f\u578b\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u7684\u6c11\u95f4\u5b97\u6559\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2620dd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a2620dd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb2e2e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fb2e2e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u4e5d\u534e\u5c71\u4e0e\u91d1\u5730\u85cf\u4f20\u8bf4<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e17f5b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e17f5b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u5b89\u5fbd\u7701\u4e5d\u534e\u5c71\u81ea8\u4e16\u7eaa\u8d77\u4fbf\u662f\u5730\u85cf\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u901a\u5e38\u8bb2\u8ff0\u5723\u4eba\u751f\u5e73\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u529d\u52c9\u53d9\u4e8b\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u4f20\u8bf4<\/span>\u5c06\u6b64\u5c71\u4e0e\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u53eb\u91d1\u4e54\u89c9\uff08\u671d\u9c9c\u540d\u91d1\u55ac\u89ba\uff0cKim Gyo-gak\uff09\u7684\u671d\u9c9c\u738b\u5b50\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ed6\u7ea6\u4e8e720\u5e74\u4f5c\u4e3a\u50e7\u4fa3\u6765\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5728\u5c71\u4e0a\u8fc7\u7740\u82e6\u884c\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p><p>\u76f8\u4f20\u4ed6\u4e8e99\u5c81\u5706\u5bc2\uff0c\u9057\u4f53\u4e09\u5e74\u540e\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u65f6\u5b8c\u597d\u65e0\u635f\uff0c\u6309\u4f5b\u6559\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5176\u8bc1\u609f\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u3002\u4ed6\u88ab\u5949\u4e3a\u5730\u85cf\u83e9\u8428\u7684\u5316\u8eab\u3002<\/p><p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u5386\u53f2\u4eba\u7269\u5728\u6587\u732e\u6279\u8bc4\u5c42\u9762\u96be\u4ee5\u786e\u8bc1\uff0c\u4f46\u8003\u53e4\u4e0e\u6587\u5b66\u6750\u6599\u8868\u660e\u5176\u5b58\u6709\u771f\u5b9e\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u6c49\u65af\u00b7\u65bd\u6cf0\u5b81\u683c\u5c14\uff08Hans Steininger\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f5b\u6559\u671d\u5723\u5730\u300b\uff0c\u5a01\u65af\u5df4\u767b\uff0c1976\u5e74\uff09\u5bf9\u4e5d\u534e\u5c71\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u4f5c\u4e86\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u91cd\u5efa\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a107da e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7a107da\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-125645b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"125645b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5730\u85cf\u4fe1\u4ef0<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f38ebe1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f38ebe1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u5728\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u5730\u85cf\uff08Jizo\uff09\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8109\u7edc\uff0c\u8fdc\u8d85\u7ecf\u5178\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u513f\u7ae5\u3001\u65c5\u4eba\u3001\u5b55\u5987\u4e0e\u6fd2\u6b7b\u8005\u7684\u6c11\u95f4\u795e\u7947\u3002<\/p><p>\u5f53\u4eca\u5c24\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u6c34\u5b50\u5730\u85cf\uff08Mizuko-Jizo\uff09\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u300c\u6c34\u5b50\u300d\uff08mizuko\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u56e0\u6b7b\u4ea7\u3001\u6d41\u4ea7\u6216\u5815\u80ce\u800c\u592d\u6298\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\u8fd9\u662f20\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u57281948\u5e74\u65e5\u672c\u5815\u80ce\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u4e4b\u540e\u5174\u76db\u3002<\/p><p>William LaFleur\u5728\u300aLiquid Life. Abortion and Buddhism in Japan\u300b\uff08Princeton 1992\uff09\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5f62\u5f0f\u5e76\u65e0\u7ecf\u5178\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u54c0\u4f24\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u5bfa\u9662\u5546\u4e1a\u670d\u52a1\u4e0e\u4f5b\u6559\u8c61\u5f81\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u590d\u5408\u4f53\u3002<\/p><p>\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5f62\u6210\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u81ea12\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u904d\u5e03\u65e5\u672c\u5341\u5b57\u8def\u53e3\u3001\u5c71\u5cad\u4e0e\u5893\u5730\u7684\u53e4\u8001\u5730\u85cf\u77f3\u50cf\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u540c\u7b49\u62a4\u6301\u65c5\u4eba\u4e0e\u4ea1\u8005\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93f37fc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93f37fc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3cd22f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3cd22f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u5341\u6bbf\u960e\u738b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-442474d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"442474d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u95f4\u5b97\u6559\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5730\u85cf\u83e9\u8428\u4e0e\u5341\u6bbf\u960e\u541b\u4f53\u7cfb\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u5341\u6bbf\u960e\u541b\u4ee3\u8868\u7075\u9b42\u6b7b\u540e\u6240\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u5341\u6b21\u4e2d\u95f4\u5ba1\u5224\u3002\u5730\u85cf\u83e9\u8428\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u975e\u5224\u5b98\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u6bbf\u4e2d\u5e26\u6765\u6148\u60b2\u4e0e\u6551\u52a9\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p><p>\u6210\u4e66\u4e8e9\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u300a\u5341\u738b\u7ecf\u300b\uff08Shiwang jing\uff09\u5c5e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5904\u4e8e\u516c\u8ba4\u5178\u7c4d\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u4f2a\u7ecf<\/span>\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u53f8\u9a6c\u5e1d\u6cfd\uff08Stephen Teiser\uff09\u5728\u300a\u5341\u738b\u7ecf\u300b\uff08\u6a80\u9999\u5c71\uff0c1994\u5e74\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u68b3\u7406\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e16\u754c\u7531\u4f5b\u6559\u3001<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4ee5\u9053\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b97\u6559\u54f2\u5b66\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u9053\u6559<\/span>\u4e0e\u5112\u5bb6\u5143\u7d20\u878d\u5408\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8109\u7edc\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5afb81 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e5afb81\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ae3159 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ae3159\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u793c\u5fcf\u4e0e\u4eea\u8f68<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abac0ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"abac0ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u5730\u85cf<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u67d0\u4e00\u5b97\u6559\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u793c\u62dc\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u793c\u5fcf<\/span>\u4ee5\u6301\u8bf5\u5730\u85cf<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u4e0e\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u4ee5\u7b80\u6d01\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6559\u4e49\u6587\u672c\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u7ecf<\/span>\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u4e27\u4e8b\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u6309\u4f5b\u6559\u6559\u4e49\uff0c\u7075\u9b42\u5728\u6b7b\u540e\u81f3\u8f6c\u751f\u524d\u6709\u56db\u5341\u4e5d\u5929\u7684\u4e2d\u9634\uff08chinesisch zhongyin\uff09\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5730\u85cf\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u3002<\/p><p>\u5bb6\u5c5e\u6301\u8bf5\u6b64<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u4e0e\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u4ee5\u7b80\u6d01\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6559\u4e49\u6587\u672c\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u7ecf<\/span>\u3001\u71c3\u9999\u4f9b\u5949\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6240\u79ef\u529f\u5fb7\uff08punya\uff09\u56de\u5411\u4ea1\u8005\u3002\u4e00\u5e74\u4e2d\u5730\u85cf\u53d7\u5230\u7279\u522b\u4f9b\u5949\u7684\u5341\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7eaa\u5ff5\u65e5\u6309\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u5386\u8ba2\u5b9a\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u8282\u65e5\u4e3a\u519c\u5386\u4e03\u6708\u4e09\u5341\u65e5\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38727b6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"38727b6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3434ad5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3434ad5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u5b66\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65ca3ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"65ca3ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Robert Buswell\u5728\u300aThe Formation of Ch&#8217;an Ideology in China and Korea\u300b\uff08Princeton 1989\uff09\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5730\u85cf<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u795e\u7075\u6216\u795e\u5723\u5f62\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u5b97\u6559\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u4eea\u5f0f\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5d07\u62dc<\/span>\u6210\u4e3a\u4f5b\u6559\u6559\u4e49\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7956\u5148\u5d07\u62dc\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u4f5b\u6559\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7a33\u56fa\u7acb\u8db3\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u56de\u7b54\u4e86\u4ea1\u8005\u5f52\u5bbf\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p><p>\u5730\u85cf\u5c06\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u4e1a\u529b\u4e0e\u8f6e\u56de\u6559\u4e49\u540c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u7956\u5148\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e0e\u4ee3\u7977\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u76f8\u8054\u7ed3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2d\u4ecb\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u4ed6\u4eab\u6709\u6781\u9ad8\u58f0\u671b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c335c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7c335c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd98313 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dd98313\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u6587\u732e\u4e0e\u5ef6\u4f38\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae558d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ae558d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u732e\uff1a\u300a\u5730\u85cf\u83e9\u8428\u672c\u613f<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u4e0e\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u4ee5\u7b80\u6d01\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6559\u4e49\u6587\u672c\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u7ecf<\/span>\u300b\uff08\u5730\u85cf<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u4e0e\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u4ee5\u7b80\u6d01\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6559\u4e49\u6587\u672c\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u7ecf<\/span>\uff09\uff1bKsitigarbha\u4e4bDasakra-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u4e0e\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u4ee5\u7b80\u6d01\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6559\u4e49\u6587\u672c\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span>\uff1b\u300a\u5341\u738b<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u4e0e\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u4ee5\u7b80\u6d01\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6559\u4e49\u6587\u672c\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u7ecf<\/span>\u300b\uff08Shiwang jing\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u6b21\u6587\u732e\uff1aStephen Teiser, &#8220;The Scripture of the Ten Kings&#8221;, Honolulu 1994; William LaFleur, &#8220;Liquid Life.<\/p><p>Abortion and Buddhism in Japan&#8221;, Princeton 1992; Robert Buswell, &#8220;The Formation of Ch&#8217;an Ideology in China and Korea&#8221;, Princeton 1989; Hans Steininger, &#8220;Buddhistische Pilgerst\u00e4tten Chinas&#8221;, Wiesbaden 1976; Robert Buswell und Donald Lopez, &#8220;Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism&#8221;, Princeton 2014; Klaus-Josef Notz, &#8220;Buddhismus&#8221;, Stuttgart 2002.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd3d36b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bd3d36b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13f3cf2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13f3cf2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u4e5d\u534e\u5c71\u4f5c\u4e3a\u671d\u5723\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb5fa1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcb5fa1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u5b89\u5fbd\u7701\u4e5d\u534e\u5c71\u7531\u4e5d\u5ea7\u76f8\u90bb\u5c71\u5cf0\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u5f62\u72b6\u636e\u8bf4\u9177\u4f3c\u83b2\u82b1\u3002<\/p><p>\u5c71\u4e2d\u76ee\u524d\u5206\u5e03\u6709\u4e03\u5341\u4f59\u5ea7\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u5bfa\u9662\u4e0e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4f9b\u5949\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u7075\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5bfa\u5e99<\/span>\uff0c\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u81f38\u4e16\u7eaa\u3002\u4e3b\u5bfa\u5316\u57ce\u5bfa\u5efa\u4e8e401\u5e74\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u4e3a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4ee5\u9053\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b97\u6559\u54f2\u5b66\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u9053\u6559<\/span><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4e13\u95e8\u4f9b\u5949\u67d0\u4e00\u795e\u7075\u7684\u795e\u5723\u573a\u6240\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5723\u5730<\/span>\uff0c\u7ea6\u4e8e781\u5e74\u6539\u5efa\u4e3a\u4f5b\u6559\u5bfa\u9662\u3002<\/p><p>\u6bcf\u5e74\u671d\u5723\u5b63\u8282\u5728\u519c\u5386\u4e03\u6708\uff08\u4e0e\u9b3c\u8282\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\uff09\u8fbe\u5230\u9ad8\u5cf0\uff0c\u5c4a\u65f6\u903e\u767e\u4e07<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4ee5\u5b97\u6559\u4e3a\u52a8\u673a\u3001\u524d\u5f80\u795e\u5723\u5730\u70b9\u7684\u65c5\u884c\u8005\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u671d\u5723\u8005<\/span>\u767b\u5c71\u793c\u4f5b\u3002\u5c71\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u7279\u6b8a<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u5b9a\u671f\u91cd\u590d\u4f20\u627f\u7684\u4e60\u4fd7\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u4e60\u4fd7<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u767b\u5c71\u9014\u4e2d\u5404\u5bfa\u5e99\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u4ea1\u8005\u711a\u9999\u796d\u62dc\u3002<\/p><p>\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u671d\u5723\u8def\u7ebf\u6db5\u76d6\u4e3a\u7236\u6bcd\u3001\u7956\u7236\u6bcd\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u4eb2\u5c5e\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e0\u5bb6\u53ef\u5f52\u7684\u300c\u997f\u9b3c\u300d\u6240\u8bbe\u7684\u796d\u62dc\u7ad9\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5728\u4e16\u65f6\u65e0\u4eba\u4e3a\u5176\u5949\u732e\u796d\u98df\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de3b676 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"de3b676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85b530d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"85b530d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u8089\u8eab\u820d\u5229<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8258b86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8258b86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u4e5d\u534e\u5c71\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u663e\u8457\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u662f\u5c06\u9ad8\u50e7\u7684\u8089\u8eab\u4f9b\u5949\u4e3a\u300c\u8089\u8eab\u83e9\u8428\u300d\uff08rou shen pusa\uff09\u52a0\u4ee5\u5d07\u62dc\u3002\u671d\u9c9c\u738b\u5b50\u91d1\u4e54\u89c9\u7684\u9057\u4f53\u6309<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u901a\u5e38\u8bb2\u8ff0\u5723\u4eba\u751f\u5e73\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u529d\u52c9\u53d9\u4e8b\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u4f20\u8bf4<\/span>\u957f\u5c45\u5c71\u4e2d\uff0c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6b64\u7c7b\u820d\u5229\u8eab\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/p><p>\u76f4\u81f320\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4e5d\u534e\u5c71\u533a\u5df2\u53d1\u73b0\u6570\u5341\u5177\u6b64\u7c7b\u8089\u8eab\u50e7\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u81ea\u5510\u4ee3\uff0c\u53e6\u6709\u6765\u81ea\u660e\u6e05\u65f6\u671f\u8005\uff0c\u4e43\u81f319\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u81f320\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u6848\u4f8b\u3002<\/p><p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b9e\u8df5\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u4e0a\u6781\u4e3a\u7f55\u89c1\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u8f6e\u56de<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\u5e1d\u53ca\u67d0\u4e00\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u5b66\u79d1\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5b66<\/span>\u4e0e\u6e90\u81ea<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4ee5\u9053\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b97\u6559\u54f2\u5b66\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u9053\u6559<\/span>\u7684\u4e0d\u673d\u8089\u8eab\u89c2\u5ff5\u878d\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f53\u3002Bernard Faure\u5728\u591a\u90e8\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f5b\u6559\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b9e\u8df5\u53ca\u5176\u878d\u5408\u4e3b\u4e49\u7279\u5f81\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6df1\u5165\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22bf0c9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"22bf0c9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-436cae8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"436cae8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u73b0\u4ee3\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5730\u85cf\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29b3aef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"29b3aef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u5728\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u5730\u85cf\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6781\u4e3a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6839\u690d\u3002\u8def\u65c1\u3001\u5893\u5730\u53ca\u5bfa\u9662\u5468\u8fb9\u7684\u5c0f\u578b\u77f3\u50cf\uff0c\u5b9a\u671f\u7531\u9644\u8fd1\u5c45\u6c11\u88c5\u70b9\u7ea2\u8272\u56f4\u5634\u3001\u5e3d\u5b50\u6216\u73a9\u5177\u3002<\/p><p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u88c5\u626e\u662f\u793e\u533a\u62a4\u6301\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u5728\u4e1c\u4eac\u5e02\u533a\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5bfa\u9662\u5883\u5185\u9648\u8bbe\u7740\u6570\u767e\u5c0a\u6c34\u5b50\u5730\u85cf\u50cf\u3002<\/p><p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77f3\u50cf\u7531\u60bc\u5ff5\u4e2d\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u4e3a\u672a\u51fa\u751f\u6216\u65e9\u592d\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4f9b\u5949\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5386\u7ecf\u591a\u5e74\u3002William LaFleur\u4e0eHelen Hardacre\u66fe\u5206\u522b\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u5c42\u9762\u5c55\u5f00\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p><p>\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u4e2d\u65e2\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u54c0\u4f24\u7597\u6108\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u90e8\u5206\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4f9b\u5949\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u7075\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5bfa\u9662<\/span>\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4f9b\u5949\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u7075\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5bfa\u9662<\/span>\u901a\u8fc7\u9500\u552e\u77f3\u50cf\u548c\u5e74\u5ea6\u8ffd\u601d\u4eea\u5f0f\u83b7\u53d6\u76f8\u5f53\u53ef\u89c2\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fe866f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3fe866f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3356a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c3356a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u5730\u85cf\u83e9\u8428\u4e0e\u76c2\u5170\u76c6\u8282<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90b7018 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"90b7018\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u519c\u5386\u4e03\u6708\u5341\u4e94\u7684\u76c2\u5170\u76c6\u8282\uff08\u5728\u53f0\u6e7e\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u4eca\u591a\u5728\u516b\u6708\u4e3e\u884c\uff09\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8282\u5e86\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e0e\u5730\u85cf<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u795e\u7075\u6216\u795e\u5723\u5f62\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u5b97\u6559\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u4eea\u5f0f\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5d07\u62dc<\/span>\u6709\u7740\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u8054\u3002<\/p><p>\u6574\u4e2a\u519c\u5386\u4e03\u6708\uff0c\u9634\u9633\u4e24\u754c\u4e4b\u95e8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5f00\u542f\uff0c\u4ea1\u8005\u4e0e\u997f\u9b3c\u5f97\u4ee5\u8fdb\u5165\u9633\u95f4\u3002<\/p><p>\u5404\u5bb6\u4f9b\u8bbe\u796d\u684c\uff0c\u9648\u5217\u98df\u7269\u3001\u9999\u70db\u4e0e\u7eb8\u94b1\uff0c\u4f9b\u5949\u7956\u5148\u53ca\u65e0\u4e3b\u5b64\u9b42\u3002<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4f9b\u5949\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u7075\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5bfa\u5e99<\/span>\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\u4e3e\u884c\u7279\u522b\u793c\u5fcf\uff0c\u8bf5\u8bfb\u5730\u85cf<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u4e0e\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u4ee5\u7b80\u6d01\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6559\u4e49\u6587\u672c\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u7ecf<\/span>\u4ee5\u8d85\u5ea6\u5730\u72f1\u4f17\u751f\u3002<\/p><p>\u76c2\u5170\u76c6\u8282\u4e0e\u5730\u85cf<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u795e\u7075\u6216\u795e\u5723\u5f62\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u5b97\u6559\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u4eea\u5f0f\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5d07\u62dc<\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u81ea\u5510\u4ee3\u8d77\u6709\u6587\u732e\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u5728\u300c\u76c2\u5170\u76c6\u4f1a\u300d\uff08Ullambana-Versammlung\uff09<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u67d0\u4e00\u5b97\u6559\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u793c\u62dc\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u6cd5\u4f1a<\/span>\u4e2d\u8fbe\u5230\u9ad8\u6f6e\uff0c\u5176\u6587\u672c\u4f9d\u636e\u4e3a\u300a\u76c2\u5170\u76c6<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u4e0e\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u4ee5\u7b80\u6d01\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6559\u4e49\u6587\u672c\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u7ecf<\/span>\u300b\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f51568 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8f51568\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7325a99 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7325a99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u300a\u5927\u4e58\u5927\u96c6\u5730\u85cf\u5341\u8f6e\u7ecf\u300b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2b77a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d2b77a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u9664\u4e86\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\u83e9\u8428\u5730\u85cf\uff08\u5730\u85cf\u83e9\u8428\u672c\u613f\u7ecf\uff09<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u548c\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u6d01\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u6587\u672c\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u7ecf<\/span>\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u300a<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u548c\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u6d01\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u6587\u672c\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5730\u85cf\u83e9\u8428\u5341\u8f6e\u7ecf<\/span>\u300b\uff08\u5927\u4e58\u5927\u96c6\u5730\u85cf\u5341\u8f6e\u7ecf\uff0c\u5927\u6b63\u85cf411\uff09\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8f7d\u6709\u83e9\u8428\u5730\u85cf\u7684\u539f\u59cb<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5411\u795e\u660e\u8bb8\u4e0b\u7684\u5e84\u4e25\u5b97\u6559\u8a93\u613f\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u8a93\u613f<\/span>\u3002<\/p> <p>\u6b64\u7ecf\u7531\u7384\u5958\u4e8e\u516c\u5143651\u5e74\u8bd1\u51fa\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5730\u85cf\u5728\u5927\u4e58<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u67d0\u4e00\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u8bf8\u795e\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u4e07\u795e\u6bbf<\/span>\u4e2d\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a&#8221;\u51c0\u5341\u4e1a&#8221;\u8005\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p> <p>\u90d1\u5fd7\u5982\uff08Zhiru Ng\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u300a\u6551\u4e16\u83e9\u8428\u7684\u5851\u9020\u300b\uff0c\u6a80\u9999\u5c71\uff0c2007\u5e74\uff09\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u548c\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7b80\u7ec3\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6587\u672c\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u7ecf\u5178<\/span>\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5730\u85cf<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5173\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u5b66\u8bf4\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u795e\u5b66<\/span>\u8f83\u65e9\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u672c\u613f<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u548c\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7b80\u7ec3\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6587\u672c\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u7ecf\u5178<\/span>\u5219\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4e2d\u56fd\u5316\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e66\u4e8e\u968b\u4ee3\u6216\u5510\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u4e14\u65e0\u6cd5\u660e\u786e\u8ffd\u6eaf\u81f3\u67d0\u4e00\u5370\u5ea6\u539f\u5178\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2531f9b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2531f9b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a4e916 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8a4e916\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u516d\u9053\u8f6e\u56de\u4e0e\u5730\u85cf\u83e9\u8428\u7684\u62c5\u5f53<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7355a58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7355a58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5730\u85cf\u662f\u5728\u91ca\u8fe6\u725f\u5c3c\u4f5b\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\u5f25\u52d2\u4f5b\u51fa\u4e16\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u627f\u62c5\u516d\u9053\u8f6e\u56de\uff08\u5929\u754c\u3001\u963f\u4fee\u7f57\u3001\u4eba\u95f4\u3001\u755c\u751f\u3001\u997f\u9b3c\u3001\u5730\u72f1\uff09\u4e00\u5207\u4f17\u751f\u6551\u5ea6\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u83e9\u8428\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8d23\u4efb\u5728\u300a\u672c\u613f<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u4e0e\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u4ee5\u7b80\u6d01\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6559\u4e49\u6587\u672c\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u7ecf<\/span>\u300b\u7684\u4ed8\u5631\uff08Pariwarta\uff09\u60c5\u8282\u4e2d\u7531\u91ca\u8fe6\u725f\u5c3c\u4f5b\u4eb2\u6388\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u793c\u5fcf\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0a\uff0c\u5730\u85cf\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u516d\u9053\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u7948\u8bf7\u3002\u5728\u6bbf\u5802\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e38\u4e0e\u300c\u5341\u6bbf\u960e\u738b\u300d\uff08Shi Wang\uff09\u7ec4\u5408\u5448\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u683c\u5c40\u4e8e9\u4e16\u7eaa\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b9a\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u7ecf\u7531\u65e5\u672c\u4e0e\u671d\u9c9c\u5ef6\u7eed\u81f3\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e27\u846c\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db7b191 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db7b191\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ead0df8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ead0df8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u516d\u5730\u85cf\u77f3\u50cf<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4247ee8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4247ee8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5893\u5730\u4e0e\u5341\u5b57\u8def\u53e3\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u516d\u5c0a\u5730\u85cf\u50cf\uff08\u516d\u5730\u85cf\uff0cRoku-Jizo\uff09\u6210\u7ec4\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u516d\u9053\u8f6e\u56de\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b9e\u8df5\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u81f3\u5e73\u5b89\u65f6\u4ee3\uff089\u4e16\u7eaa\u81f312\u4e16\u7eaa\uff09\uff0c\u7531\u5929\u53f0\u5b97\u52a0\u4ee5\u63a8\u5e7f\u3002<\/p><p>Hank Glassman\uff08\u300aThe Face of Jizo\u300b\uff0cHonolulu 2012\uff09\u4ece\u5b97\u6559\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u516d\u5730\u85cf\u77f3\u50cf\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u770b\u4f3c\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u80cc\u540e\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u5730\u57df\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p><p>\u5404\u50cf\u6301\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u6cd5\u5668\uff1a\u9521\u6756\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u5524\u9192\u5730\u72f1\u4f17\u751f\uff09\u3001\u5982\u610f\u5b9d\u73e0\uff08Cintamani\uff09\u3001<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u4e0e\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u4ee5\u7b80\u6d01\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6559\u4e49\u6587\u672c\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u7ecf<\/span>\u5377\u3001\u83b2\u82b1\u82b1\u82de\u3002\u5728\u4eac\u90fd\uff0c\u57ce\u90ca\u7684\u516d\u5730\u85cf\u5de1\u62dc\u8def\u7ebf\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u662f\u5e74\u5ea6\u8282\u671f\u300c\u516d\u5730\u85cf\u5de1\u793c\u300d\uff08Roku-Jizo-Meguri\uff09\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fb8a91 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3fb8a91\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb04ed6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eb04ed6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u6c34\u5b50\u4f9b\u517b\u4e0e\u54c0\u60bc\u4eea\u5f0f\u4ea7\u4e1a<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0a53cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e0a53cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u6c34\u5b50\u4f9b\u517b\uff08Mizuko-Kuyo\uff0c\u4e3a\u65e9\u592d\u80ce\u513f\u4e0e\u5a74\u513f\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u8ffd\u601d\u4eea\u5f0f\uff09\u5728\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f1948\u5e74\u4eba\u5de5\u6d41\u4ea7\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u4e3a\u5bfa\u9662\u793c\u5fcf\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5730\u85cf\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u672a\u5f97\u5ea6\u4ea1\u8005\u7684\u5b88\u62a4\u8005\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5c1a\u672a\u79ef\u7d2f\u81ea\u8eab\u4e1a\u529b\u6210\u719f\u5ea6\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u3002<\/p><p>William LaFleur\uff08\u300aLiquid Life\u300b\uff0cPrinceton 1992\uff09\u5c06\u56f4\u7ed5\u6c34\u5b50\u4f9b\u517b\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4f26\u7406\u8bba\u8fa9\uff0c\u5b9a\u6027\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u65e5\u672c\u5b97\u6559\u5b9e\u8df5\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/p><p>\u5546\u4e1a\u5c42\u9762\u76f8\u5f53\u53ef\u89c2\uff1a\u9570\u4ed3\u957f\u8c37\u5bfa\u7b49<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4f9b\u5949\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u7075\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5bfa\u9662<\/span>\u4f9b\u5949\u7740\u6570\u5343\u5c0a\u7531\u7236\u6bcd\u6350\u7acb\u7684\u5730\u85cf\u5c0f\u50cf\u3002\u4f5b\u6559\u56e2\u4f53\u5185\u90e8\u5bf9\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\u6301\u6709\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b9e\u8df5\u5e76\u672a\u56e0\u6b64\u660e\u663e\u51cf\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b92766 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5b92766\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2068be5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2068be5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u5730\u85cf\u83e9\u8428\u5728\u91d1\u521a\u4e58\u4e2d<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8ac0c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f8ac0c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u5728\u85cf\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\uff0c\u5730\u85cf\uff08\u85cf\u6587Sai Nyingpo\uff09\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0d\u5982\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u90a3\u6837\u7a81\u51fa\u3002\u4ed6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516b\u5927\u83e9\u8428\uff08rgyal sras chen po brgyad\uff09\u4e4b\u5217\uff0c\u4f46\u6781\u5c11\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u4fee\u6301\u5bf9\u8c61\u53d7\u5230\u5d07\u62dc\u3002\u85cf\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u5e76\u65e0\u4e0e\u5ea6\u6bcd\uff08Tara\uff09\u5730\u4f4d\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u4e13\u5c5e\u5730\u85cf\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u4e0e\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u5706\u5f62\u56fe\u5f0f\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u575b\u57ce<\/span>\uff08Mandala\uff09\u683c\u5c40\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u80ce\u85cf\u754c\u4e0e\u91d1\u521a\u754c<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u4e0e\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u5706\u5f62\u56fe\u5f0f\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u575b\u57ce<\/span>\uff0c\u5730\u85cf\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u533a\u57df\u5360\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002Yael Bentor\uff08\u300aConsecration of Images and Stupas in Indo-Tibetan Tantric Buddhism\u300b\uff0cLeiden 1996\uff09\u5bf9\u5730\u85cf\u5728\u540e\u671f\u85cf\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u67d0\u4e00\u5b97\u6559\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u793c\u62dc\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u793c\u5fcf<\/span>\u4e2d\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u4e0e\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u5706\u5f62\u56fe\u5f0f\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u575b\u57ce<\/span>\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u68b3\u7406\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96aa37a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"96aa37a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-254f540 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"254f540\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u4e5d\u534e\u6d3e\u53ca\u5176\u793c\u5fcf\u4f20\u7edf<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d99b4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4d99b4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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data-tooltip=\"\u4f9b\u5949\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u795e\u7075\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u6bbf\u5802<\/span>\u4e0e\u9759\u4fee\u6240\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u671d\u5723\u65f6\u8282\u4e3a\u519c\u5386\u4e03\u6708\u4e09\u5341\u65e5\u5730\u85cf\u83e9\u8428\u8bde\uff0c\u5c4a\u65f6\u5b89\u5fbd\u5730\u533a\u8fce\u63a5\u6570\u5341\u4e07<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4ee5\u5b97\u6559\u4e3a\u52a8\u673a\u3001\u524d\u5f80\u795e\u5723\u5730\u70b9\u7684\u65c5\u884c\u8005\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u9999\u5ba2<\/span>\u524d\u6765\u793c\u62dc\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f161d5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8f161d5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f87a44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9f87a44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba2ceb3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ba2ceb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u5730\u85cf\u83e9\u8428\u4e0e\u89c2\u4e16\u97f3\u83e9\u8428\u6709\u4f55\u533a\u522b\uff1f<\/strong> \u4e24\u8005\u5747\u4e3a\u6148\u60b2\u83e9\u8428\uff0c\u4f46\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u89c2\u4e16\u97f3\u6551\u62a4\u6b64\u4e16\u7684\u6d3b\u7740\u4f17\u751f\uff0c\u5730\u85cf\u6551\u62a4\u5730\u72f1\u9053\u4e0e\u9b3c\u754c\u7684\u4f17\u751f\u3002\u89c2\u4e16\u97f3\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u738b\u8005\u5e84\u4e25\u5b9d\u9970\u793a\u73b0\uff0c\u5730\u85cf\u5219\u4ee5\u5243\u5ea6\u6bd4\u4e18\u5f62\u8c61\u793a\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5730\u85cf\u83e9\u8428\u4e3a\u4f55\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u4e0e\u513f\u7ae5\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff1f<\/strong> \u4e0e\u513f\u7ae5\u3001\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u65e9\u592d\u672a\u751f\u513f\uff08\u6c34\u5b50\uff09\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u7279\u6709\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u81ea12\u4e16\u7eaa\u8d77\u6709\u8ff9\u53ef\u67e5\uff0c20\u4e16\u7eaa\u5f97\u5230\u5927\u5e45\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u7ecf\u5178\u4e2d\u5e76\u65e0\u7ecf\u5178\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f5b\u6559\u62a4\u6301\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7279\u5b9a\u5f62\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5730\u85cf\u83e9\u8428\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u4e13\u95e8\u4f9b\u5949\u67d0\u4e00\u795e\u7075\u7684\u795e\u5723\u573a\u6240\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u5723\u5730<\/span>\u662f\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f<\/strong> \u4e2d\u56fd\u5b89\u5fbd\u7701\u4e5d\u534e\u5c71\u662f\u5730\u85cf\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5723\u5730\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f5b\u6559\u56db\u5927\u540d\u5c71\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5730\u85cf\u83e9\u8428\u5bf9\u5e94\u54ea\u4e2a<span 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