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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u8d5e\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u6e90\u81ea\u524d\u4f5b\u6559\u82ef\u6559\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u6784\u6210\u4e09\u7c7b\u539f\u521d\u5b58\u5728\u4e4b\u4e00\uff08lha\u3001klu\u3001btsan\uff09\u30027\u81f38\u4e16\u7eaa\u4f5b\u6559\u8f6c\u578b\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u8d5e\u88ab\u6574\u5408\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4f53\u7cfb\uff1b\u90e8\u5206\u6210\u4e3a\u62a4\u6cd5\u795e\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5219\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ee4\u4eba\u656c\u754f\u7684\u5c71\u5cb3\u4e4b\u4e3b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p><p>\u683c\u8428\u5c14\u53f2\u8bd7&#8211;\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u53e3\u5934\u53f2\u8bd7\u4e4b\u4e00&#8211;\u6536\u5f55\u4e86\u4f17\u591a\u4ee5\u8d5e\u4e3a\u654c\u624b\u6216\u76df\u53cb\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u65f6\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5c71\u53e3\u4ecd\u8bbe\u6709\u8d5e\u7684\u795e\u9f9b\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u6d41\u4f20\u5730\u533a<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u8d5e\u4f9d\u9644\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u5ca9\u77f3\u5730\u8c8c\u3001\u5c71\u53e3\u3001\u9661\u5ced\u5c71\u5761\u53ca\u5b64\u7acb\u5de8\u77f3\u3002\u9ad8\u539f\u4e0a\u6bcf\u5904\u91cd\u8981\u5c71\u53e3\u5747\u6709\u5176\u8d5e\uff0c\u5404\u6709\u4e13\u540d\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u4eea\u5f0f\u3002<\/p><p>\u5178\u578b\u573a\u6240\uff1a\u60ac\u6302\u98ce\u9a6c\u65d7\uff08<em>lung ta<\/em>\uff09\u7684\u57ad\u53e3\u3001\u5b64\u7acb\u5ca9\u5757\u3001\u7ea2\u8272\u6216\u9192\u76ee\u7684\u5ca9\u58c1\u3001\u6b64\u7c7b\u5730\u8c8c\u811a\u4e0b\u7684\u6cc9\u773c\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u8d5e\u4e5f\u6816\u5c45\u4e8e\u53e4\u8001\u5e9f\u589f\u548c\u5821\u5be8\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u6218\u4e8b\u76f8\u5173\u4e4b\u5904\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u6587\u732e\u72b6\u51b5<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u6838\u5fc3\u6587\u732e\uff1a\u83b2\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u4f0f\u85cf\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u964d\u4f0f\u53d9\u4e8b\uff1b\u683c\u8428\u5c14\u53f2\u8bd7\u53e3\u5934\u4e0e\u4e66\u9762\u7248\u672c\uff1b\u5404\u795e\u9f9b\u4e13\u7528\u5730\u65b9\u4eea\u8f68\u5178\u7c4d\u3002\u6807\u51c6\u8457\u4f5c\uff1aNebesky-Wojkowitz\uff081956\uff09\uff1bSamuel\uff081993\uff09\uff1bBlondeau\uff081998\uff09\u3002<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u5173\u4e8e\u767d\u54c8\u5c14\uff08Pehar\uff09\u7684\u4e13\u9879\u7814\u7a76\uff1aGibson, Todd\uff081991\uff09\u300cFrom btsan rgod to <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u8bf8\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\uff0c\u6307\u6559\u6cd5\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">dharma<\/span>-p\u0101la\u300d\uff1b\u53e6\u89c1\u4e43\u743c\u795e\u8c15\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u732e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u5f02\u79f0<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u85cf\u6587<em>btsan<\/em>\uff0c\u53d1\u97f3\u4e3aTsen\u6216Ts\u00e4n\u3002<\/p><ul><li><strong>Btsan rgyal<\/strong>\uff0c\u300c\u8d5e\u738b\u300d\u3002<\/li><li>Yul lha dang btsan\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u62a4\u6cd5\u4e0e\u8d5e\u5408\u79f0\u3002<\/li><li>\u767d\u54c8\u5c14\uff08Pehar\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u8d5e\uff0c\u88ab\u7acb\u4e3a\u4e43\u743c\u795e\u8c15\u7684\u62a4\u4e3b\u3002<\/li><li>\u591a\u6770\u52d2\u5df4\uff08Dorje Legpa\uff09\uff0c\u539f\u4e3a\u8fd1\u4f3c\u8d5e\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u7ecf\u83b2\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u7ea6\u675f\u964d\u4f0f\u3002<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u7279\u5f81<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u5916\u8c8c\u3002<\/strong>\u901a\u4f53\u7ea2\u8272\u7684\u7537\u6027\u6b66\u58eb\uff0c\u8eab\u7740\u5b8c\u6574\u94e0\u7532\uff0c\u62ab\u7ea2\u8272\u6218\u888d\uff0c\u6234\u7ea2\u76d4\uff0c\u643a\u5f13\u6267\u5251\uff0c\u9a91\u4e58\u914d\u6709\u7ea2\u8272\u9a6c\u978d\u8925\u7684\u7ea2\u9a6c\u3002\u5510\u5361\u56fe\u50cf\u4e2d\u5e38\u9644\u6709\u874e\u5b50\u6216\u731b\u79bd\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p><p>\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u73b0\u8eab\u4e8e\u9ec4\u660f\u4e0e\u591c\u95f4\uff0c\u7a81\u7136\u81ea\u5ca9\u7f1d\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u8ffd\u9010\u4e0d\u656c\u8005\uff0c\u9a70\u9a8b\u4e8e\u8352\u50fb\u5c71\u53e3\uff0c\u53ef\u6210\u7fa4\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u4e0e\u8d5e\u76f8\u9047\u53ef\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u7a81\u53d1\u4f53\u529b\u8870\u7aed\u3001\u7729\u6655\u3001\u53d1\u70ed\u6216\u547c\u5438\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/p><p>\u62a4\u536b\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u53d7\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u8d5e\u662f\u5176\u6240\u5b88\u62a4\u7684\u5bfa\u9662\u4e0e\u573a\u6240\u7684\u5fe0\u5b9e\u62a4\u536b\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u804c\u80fd\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5f52\u5c5e<em>srung ma<\/em>\uff08\u62a4\u6cd5\u795e\uff09\u4e4b\u5217\u3002<\/p><div><h3>\u82ef\u6559\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u8d5e\u3001\u5e74\u3001\u9c81\u3001\u7763\u7684\u5206\u7c7b<\/h3><p>\u82ef\u6559\u4f53\u7cfb\u4f9d\u9886\u57df\u4e0e\u5143\u7d20\u5bf9\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4e25\u5bc6\u5206\u7c7b\uff1a<em>\u8d5e<\/em>\u5c5e\u5c71\u5cb3\u4e0e\u5929\u754c\u5b58\u5728\uff1b<em>\u5e74<\/em>\uff08Nyen\uff09\u5c5e\u5c71\u5730\u7cbe\u7075\u4e0e\u6797\u5c45\u8005\uff1b<em>\u9c81<\/em>\uff08Lu\uff09\u5c5e\u7c7b\u9f99\u65cf\u7684\u6c34\u4e2d\u5c45\u6c11\uff1b<em>\u7763<\/em>\uff08D\u00fc\uff09\u5c5e\u571f\u5730\u795e\u7075\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u5206\u7c7b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d5e\u5730\u4f4d\u6700\u9ad8\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6700\u4e3a\u91ce\u6027\u96be\u9a6f\u3002<\/p><p>\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5c71\u5730\u795e\u7075\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8d5e\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u6218\u58eb\u53d6\u5411\uff1a\u62a4\u536b\u9886\u571f\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0e\u5bb6\u65cf\u8363\u8a89\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e30\u4ea7\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u8fdc\u4e0d\u53ca\u5bf9\u52c7\u6b66\u4e0e\u8363\u8000\u7684\u6267\u7740\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5dee\u5f02\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4f55\u8d5e\u66f4\u591a\u88ab\u6b66\u58eb\u4e0e\u541b\u738b\u6240\u7948\u8bf7\uff0c\u800c\u9c81\u795e\u5219\u7531\u519c\u6c11\u6c42\u53d6\u6c34\u6cfd\u4e4b\u4f51\u3002<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u7b80\u660e\u6863\u6848\uff1a\u8d5e\uff08Tsen\uff09<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u8d5e\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u70b9\u6982\u89c8\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u8d5e\u7684\u8d77\u6e90<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u524d\u4f5b\u6559\u82ef\u6559\u4f20\u7edf\uff1b\u5e38\u4e3a\u9635\u4ea1\u6b66\u58eb\u6216\u88ab\u5e9f\u9edc\u7684\u738b\u4faf\uff0c\u4ee5\u795e\u7075\u5f62\u5f0f\u5f52\u6765\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u8499\u53e4\u3002<\/strong>13\u81f316\u4e16\u7eaa\u4f5b\u6559\u4f20\u5165\u8499\u53e4\u540e\uff0c\u7c7b\u8d5e\u5f62\u8c61\u88ab\u6574\u5408\u5165\u8499\u53e4\u62a4\u6cd5\u795e\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/p><p>\u5370\u5ea6\u4e0e\u4f5b\u6559\u3002<em>\u591c\u53c9<\/em>\uff08Yaksha\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b88\u62a4\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u4e0e\u5177\u6709\u519b\u4e8b\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u795e\u7075\u5171\u4eab\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p><p>\u6b27\u6d32\u3002\u5317\u4f0a\u6bd4\u5229\u4e9a\u53ca\u963f\u5c14\u5351\u65af\u5730\u533a\u4f20\u8bf4\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u5c71\u5cb3\u4e0e\u9698\u53e3\u5904\u7684\u7ea2\u8272\u6218\u795e\u7075\uff1b\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u6e0a\u6e90\u3002<\/p><p>\u8428\u6ee1\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9a\u4e0e\u4e2d\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5c71\u5cb3\u4e4b\u4e3b\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0e\u8d5e\u5171\u4eab\u4f17\u591a\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p><div><h3>\u5730\u65b9\u5b97\u6559\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0e\u8d5e\u7684\u5951\u7ea6\u5236\u5ea6<\/h3><p>\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u7075\u6027\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u8d5e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5730\u65b9\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u76df\u53cb\u800c\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4e00\u5ea7\u5c71\u7531\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8d5e\u5c45\u5b88\u7edf\u8f96\u3002\u65c5\u4eba\u987b\u81ea\u62a5\u59d3\u540d\u5e76\u7948\u6c42<span 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tabindex=\"0\">\u6bcd\u9898<\/span>\u89c1\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u524d\u4f5b\u6559\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u897f\u85cf\u4ee5\u72ec\u7279\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u5176\u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u6574\u5408\u5165\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp43d8871 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp43d8871\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp71c4f68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp71c4f68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u8d5e\u5728\u897f\u85cf\u5730\u65b9\u795e\u7075\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa9845f9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpa9845f9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc8de689 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpc8de689\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>btsan<\/em>\uff08\u53d1\u97f3tsen\uff09\u5c5e\u897f\u85cf\u672c\u571f\u795e\u7075\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u5728\u4f5b\u6559\u4f20\u5165\u4e4b\u524d\u53ca\u4e4b\u5916\u4fbf\u5df2\u6784\u6210\u897f\u85cf\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u5b97\u6559\u5b66\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662fRen\u00e9 de Nebesky-Wojkowitz\uff081956\uff09\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u6027\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u795e\u8c15\u4e0e\u6076\u9b54\u300b\uff08<em>Oracles and Demons of Tibet<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u7f6e\u4e8e\u4e00\u5957\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff1b\u8be5\u4f53\u7cfb\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u6c34\u754c\u4e0e\u4e0b\u754c\u7684<a href=\"\/zh-hans\/lu-klu\/\">\u9c81\uff08klu\uff09<\/a>\u3001\u4e2d\u95f4\u5c42\u7684<a href=\"\/zh-hans\/nyen\/\">\u5e74\uff08gnyan\uff09<\/a>\u4ee5\u53ca\u5929\u754c\u7684<em>lha<\/em>\u3002<\/span><\/p><p>\u5728\u6b64\u56fe\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c<em>btsan<\/em>\u5c5e\u4e2d\u4e0a\u5c42\u9886\u57df\u7684\u795e\u7075\uff0c\u5e38\u4f9d\u9644\u4e8e\u5ca9\u77f3\u3001\u5c71\u53e3\u3001\u7ea2\u8272\u5c71\u5761\u53ca\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u9192\u76ee\u6811\u6728\u3002<\/p><p>\u5176\u7ea2\u8272\u4e3a\u6700\u663e\u8457\u7279\u5f81\u3002<em>btsan<\/em>\u88ab\u60f3\u8c61\u4e3a\u9a91\u7ea2\u9a6c\u7684\u7ea2\u8272\u9a91\u624b\uff0c\u8eab\u7740\u94e0\u7532\uff0c\u624b\u6301\u5f13\u6216\u957f\u77db\u3002<\/p><p>\u8fd9\u4e00<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u7814\u7a76\u56fe\u50cf\u5185\u5bb9\u53ca\u5176\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u56fe\u50cf\u5fd7<\/span>\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u6218\u6597\u3001\u72e9\u730e\u548c\u731d\u6b7b\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u7a81\u7136\u53d1\u4f5c\u7684\u75be\u75c5&#8211;\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4f34\u6709\u53d1\u70ed\u6216\u762b\u75ea\u8005&#8211;\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u88ab\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e3a<em>btsan<\/em>\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u85cf\u8bed\u4e2d<em>btsan<\/em>\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u300c\u5f3a\u5927\u300d\u4e0e\u300c\u66b4\u70c8\u300d\u7684\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u70b9\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002<\/p><p>\u8be5\u8bcd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6df1\u5ea6\u5c24\u4e3a\u503c\u5f97\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<em>btsan<\/em>\u662f\u738b\u53f7<em>btsan po<\/em>\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c<em>btsan po<\/em>\u6b63\u662f\u897f\u85cf\u738b\u671d\uff087\u81f39\u4e16\u7eaa\uff09\u8bf8\u738b\u7684\u79f0\u53f7\u3002<\/p><p>\u5b66\u754c\u7531\u6b64\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u738b\u6743\u3001\u5c71\u5cb3\u5d07\u62dc\u4e0e\u5f3a\u5927\u597d\u6218\u795e\u7075\u7c7b\u522b\u4e4b\u95f4\u539f\u672c\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u8054\u3002\u968f\u7740\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u786e\u7acb\uff0c<em>btsan<\/em>\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u524d\u4f5b\u6559\u795e\u7075\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5e76\u672a\u906d\u5230\u5e9f\u9664\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u4f5b\u6559\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u88ab\u7ea6\u675f\u4e3a\u62a4\u6cd5\u795e\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpae6c1a0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpae6c1a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp69837bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp69837bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u4e0e\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u53ca\u5176\u62a4\u536b\u804c\u80fd<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9536992 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp9536992\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc34bf98 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpc34bf98\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u897f\u85cf\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u7ecf\u5178<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5728\u827a\u672f\u6216\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e2d\u53cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u6027\u5143\u7d20\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u6bcd\u9898<\/span>\uff1a\u83b2\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u7b49\u5177\u6709\u5927\u5a01\u5fb7\u7684\u4e0a\u5e08\u57288\u4e16\u7eaa\u964d\u4f0f\u672c\u571f\u795e\u7075\uff0c\u4ee5\u8a93\u7ea6\u5c06\u5176\u675f\u7f1a\uff0c\u4ee4\u5176\u62a4\u6301\u4f5b\u6cd5\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e<em>btsan<\/em>\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u53cc\u91cd\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p><p>\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ecd\u662f\u6f5c\u4f0f\u4e8e\u5ca9\u77f3\u4e0e\u5c71\u53e3\u7684\u91ce\u6027\u6e38\u8361\u4e4b\u7075\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u5927\u7684<em>btsan<\/em>\u53ef\u88ab\u64e2\u5347\u4e3a<em>srung ma<\/em>&#8211;\u5bfa\u9662\u4e0e\u4f20\u627f\u7684\u62a4\u6cd5\u795e\u3002<\/p><p>\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u62a4\u6cd5\u795e<a href=\"\/zh-hans\/pehar\/\">\u767d\u54c8\u5c14\uff08Pehar\uff09<\/a>\u53ca\u5176\u7737\u5c5e\uff0c\u5176\u4ece\u5c5e\u795e\u4f17\u90e8\u5206\u88ab\u5f52\u5165<em>btsan<\/em>\u7c7b\u522b\u3002\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6851\u8036\u5bfa\u62a4\u6cd5\u8d64\u7956\u739b\u5761\uff08Tsiu Marpo\uff09\u540c\u6837\u88ab\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a<em>btsan<\/em>\uff1a\u4e00\u4f4d\u8eab\u7740\u94e0\u7532\u7684\u7ea2\u8272\u9a91\u58eb\uff0c\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u795e\u8c15\u795e\u88ab\u7948\u95ee\u3002<\/p><p>\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u522b\u7edd\u975e\u4ec5\u5177\u8d1f\u9762\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u53d7\u7ea6\u675f\u7684<em>btsan<\/em>\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u662f\u6709\u529b\u7684\u5b88\u62a4\u8005\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u539f\u6709\u7684\u91ce\u6027\u4e0e\u6218\u6597\u529b\u5f97\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u8f6c\u800c\u7528\u4e8e\u5bfa\u9662\u7684\u62a4\u536b\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u5bfa\u9662\u65e5\u5e38\u4eea\u8f68\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ea6\u675f\u5173\u7cfb\u88ab\u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u4ee5\u7ea2\u8272\u7269\u8d28\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u4f9b\u5949\u53ca\u7ea6\u675f\u8a93\u8bcd\u7684\u8bf5\u5ff5\uff0c\u7ef4\u7cfb\u7740\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5b66\u754c\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5173\u7cfb\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8106\u5f31\u6613\u635f\u3002<\/p><p>\u4e00\u65e6\u5b88\u62a4<em>btsan<\/em>\u906d\u5230\u5ffd\u89c6\u6216\u5192\u72af\uff0c\u5b83\u4fbf\u53ef\u80fd\u8f6c\u800c\u5bf9\u5176\u672c\u5e94\u5b88\u62a4\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u53d1\u96be\u3002\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u5bf9\u5f85<em>btsan<\/em>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u6709\u522b\u4e8e\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u9a71\u9b54\u3002\u76ee\u7684\u5e76\u975e\u6d88\u706d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bf9\u4e00\u79cd\u5371\u9669\u4f46\u53ef\u8d44\u5229\u7528\u4e4b\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u5ef6\u4f38\u94fe\u63a5<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u63a8\u8350\u5185\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/p><ul><li>\u6587\u5316\u4e13\u9875<strong>\u897f\u85cf<\/strong>\u3002<\/li><li>\u897f\u85cf\u5176\u4ed6\u5355\u72ec\u8bcd\u6761\uff1a<a href=\"\/zh-hans\/lu-klu\/\">\u9c81\uff08Lu\uff09<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"\/zh-hans\/nyen\/\">\u5e74\uff08Nyen\uff09<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"\/zh-hans\/gyalpo\/\">\u5609\u6ce2\uff08Gyalpo\uff09<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"\/zh-hans\/mamo\/\">\u739b\u59c6\uff08Mamo\uff09<\/a>\u3002<\/li><li>\u76f8\u8fd1\u5f62\u8c61\uff1a<a href=\"\/zh-hans\/yindujiao-zhushen\/\">\u5370\u5ea6\u6559<\/a>\uff08\u591c\u53c9\uff09\u3002<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff08\u9009\u7f16\uff09<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e3a\u5173\u4e8e\u8d5e\uff08Tsen\uff09\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6838\u5fc3\u6587\u732e\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u8d44\u6599\uff1a<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Gibson, Todd: <em>From btsan rgod to <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u8bf8\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\uff0c\u6307\u6559\u6cd5\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">dharma<\/span>-p\u0101la.<\/em> In: Tibet Journal 16\/4 (1991), S. 57, 98.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Blondeau, Anne-Marie (Hg., 1998): <em>Tibetan Mountain Deities<\/em> (Wien, \u00d6AW). Sammelband zur Berggottheitsforschung.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><p><strong>Standardliteratur (Tibet):<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet><strong>Blondeau, Anne-Marie (Hg.)<\/strong>: <em>Tibetan Mountain Deities. Verlag der \u00d6sterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 1998.<\/em><\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet><strong>de Nebesky-Wojkowitz, Ren\u00e9<\/strong>: <em>Oracles and Demons of Tibet. Mouton, The Hague 1956.<\/em><\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>\u66f4\u591a\u6807\u51c6\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u8be6\u89c1<a href=\"\/zh-hans\/wenxian\/\">\u53c2\u8003\u4e66\u76ee<\/a>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-tsen-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-tsen-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-tsen\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-tsen-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-tsen-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">\u672c\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\u62a4\u8eab\u4e60\u4fd7\u4e3a\u5b97\u6559\u5b66\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e0e\u5206\u7c7b\u3002iWell Guard \u627f\u88ad\u4e86\u53ef\u4f69\u6234\u62a4\u8eab\u5668\u7269\u8fd9\u4e00\u6587\u5316\u5386\u53f2\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u662f\u5176\u5f53\u4ee3\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u3002<a href=\"\/zh-hans\/iwell-guard-schutzanhaenger\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u5173\u4e8e iWell Guard \u7684\u4fe1\u606f \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8d5e\uff08Tsen\uff09\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6218\u795e\u7075 \u8d5e\uff08Tsen\uff09\u662f\u897f\u85cf\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u7075\u3002 \u8d5e\u4e3a\u897f\u85cf\u5c71\u5730\u7684\u7ea2\u8272\u6218\u795e\u7075\uff0c\u5ca9\u77f3\u4e0e\u5c71\u53e3\u4e4b\u4e3b [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1717,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"\u8d5e","_yoast_wpseo_title":"\u8d5e\uff08Tsen\uff09--\u897f\u85cf\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6218\u795e\u7075 | iWell 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