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tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u5c5e\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e00\u5b97\u6559\u56fa\u5b9a\u795e\u5723\u5178\u7c4d\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\uff1b\u975e\u6b63\u5178\u6587\u732e\u5219\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6b21\u5178\u3002\">\u6b63\u5178<\/span>\u8bb0\u8f7d\u59cb\u4e8e\u6c5f\u6237\u65f6\u4ee3<br>\u9a71\u907f\uff1a\u97a0\u8eac\u884c\u793c\uff08\u4f7f\u6c34\u76bf\u4e2d\u7684\u6c34\u6ea2\u51fa\uff09\u3001\u732e\u4f9b\u9ec4\u74dc\u3001\u76f8\u6251\u8f83\u6280\u53d6\u80dc<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u5386\u53f2\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u6587\u732e\u5e74\u4ee3<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u7c7b\u6cb3\u7ae5\u6c34\u4e2d\u7cbe\u602a\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u81ea\u4e2d\u4e16\u8d77\u5df2\u53ef\u89c1\u3002\u6700\u65e9\u660e\u786e\u53ef\u8fa8\u4e3a\u6cb3\u7ae5\u7684\u60c5\u8282\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e12\u81f314\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u8bf4\u8bdd\u96c6\u4e2d\u3002\u5176<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u7814\u7a76\u56fe\u50cf\u5185\u5bb9\u53ca\u5176\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u56fe\u50cf\u5fd7<\/span>\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6574\u7406\u4e0e\u5b9a\u578b\uff0c\u5219\u7531\u6c5f\u6237\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5996\u602a\u753b\u518c\u53ca\u5730\u65b9\u7814\u7a76\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p><p>\u67f3\u7530\u56fd\u7537\u7684\u300a\u8fdc\u91ce\u7269\u8bed\u300b\uff081910\u5e74\uff09\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u5ca9\u624b\u5730\u533a\u5927\u91cf\u6cb3\u7ae5\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u6cb3\u7ae5\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u6d41\u4f20\u5730\u533a<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u6cb3\u7ae5\u7684\u4f20\u8bf4\u51e0\u4e4e\u904d\u53ca\u65e5\u672c\u5168\u5883\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u540d\u79f0\u4e0d\u4e00\u3002<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0e\u53d9\u4e8b\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e16\u4ee3\u7684\u4f20\u627f\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u4f20\u627f<\/span>\u6700\u4e3a\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u533a\u4e3a\u8fdc\u91ce\u76c6\u5730\uff08\u5ca9\u624b\uff09\u3001\u4e5d\u5dde\uff08\u5c24\u4ee5\u718a\u672c\u4e3a\u8457\uff0c\u725b\u6df1\u6865\u9644\u8fd1\u6709\u8457\u540d\u6cb3\u7ae5\u77f3\u50cf\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5173\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u3002<\/p><p>\u5178\u578b\u573a\u6240\uff1a\u7a3b\u7530\u704c\u6e89\u6c9f\u6e20\u3001\u6d45\u6ee9\u3001\u6c34\u95f8\u3001\u504f\u50fb\u5c71\u6e56\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u5728\u6cb3\u5cb8\u8fb9\u76f4\u63a5\u4e3a\u5f53\u5730\u6cb3\u7ae5\u8bbe\u7acb\u5c0f\u7960\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u6587\u732e\u72b6\u51b5<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>\u91cd\u8981\u6587\u732e\uff1a<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u65e5\u672c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\uff081875-1962\u5e74\uff09\uff1b\u73b0\u4ee3\u65e5\u672c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\u3002\">\u67f3\u7530\u56fd\u7537<\/span>\uff0c\u300a\u8fdc\u91ce\u7269\u8bed\u300b\uff081910\u5e74\uff09\uff1b\u9e1f\u5c71\u77f3\u71d5\u5996\u602a\u767e\u79d1\uff081776\u5e74\u8d77\uff09\uff1b\u5404\u5730\u5730\u65b9\u96c6\u6210\u82e5\u5e72\u3002<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u73b0\u4ee3\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u5c0f\u677e\u548c\u5f66\u3001\u77f3\u5ddd\u7eaf\u4e00\u90ce\uff08\u300a\u6cb3\u7ae5\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u300b\uff0c1985\u5e74\uff09\u3001Michael Dylan Foster\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u82a5\u5ddd\u9f99\u4e4b\u4ecb\u5c0f\u8bf4\u300a\u6cb3\u7ae5\u300b\uff081927\u5e74\uff09\u5bf9\u8be5\u5f62\u8c61\u4ea6\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u6027\u8be0\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u5f02\u4f53<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u8be5\u540d\u79f0\u7531\u6cb3\uff08&#8221;\u6cb3\u6d41&#8221;\uff09\u4e0e\u7ae5\uff08&#8221;\u5b69\u7ae5&#8221;\uff09\u4e8c\u5b57\u6784\u6210\u3002<\/p><ul><li><strong>Gawappa \/ Gatar\u014d<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e5d\u5dde\u5730\u533a\u7684\u53d8\u4f53\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/li><li>Kawatar\u014d\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u8bfb\u97f3\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u89c1\u4e8e\u897f\u65e5\u672c\u3002<\/li><li>\u6c34\u864e\uff08Suiko\uff09\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/li><li>Enk\u014d\uff0c\u897f\u65e5\u672c\u79f0\u8c13\uff08\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u4e3a&#8221;\u733f&#8221;\uff09\u3002<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u5f62\u8c61\u7279\u5f81<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u5b9e\u7528\u9a71\u907f\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u793c\u8c8c\u97a0\u8eac\u3002<\/strong>\u6700\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e4b\u7b56\uff1a\u5728\u5cb8\u8fb9\u906d\u9047\u6cb3\u7ae5\u65f6\uff0c\u5411\u5176\u606d\u656c\u884c\u793c\u3002\u6cb3\u7ae5\u5fc5\u5b9a\u56de\u793c\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5934\u9876\u6c34\u76bf\u4e2d\u7684\u6c34\u968f\u4e4b\u6ea2\u51fa\u3002\u6cb3\u7ae5\u56e0\u6b64\u6c14\u529b\u5927\u51cf\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u9000\u56de\u6cb3\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e0\u529b\u53d1\u52a8\u88ad\u51fb\u3002<\/p><p>\u9ec4\u74dc<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u732e\u7ed9\u795e\u7075\u4ee5\u8868\u8fbe\u611f\u6069\u3001\u7948\u6c42\u6216\u5d07\u656c\u4e4b\u60c5\u7684\u4f9b\u54c1\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u4f9b\u5949<\/span>\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u4f1a\u5728\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0b\u6c34\u524d\uff0c\u5c06\u523b\u6709\u5b69\u5b50\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u9ec4\u74dc\u6295\u5165\u6cb3\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u732e\u7ed9\u795e\u7075\u4ee5\u8868\u8fbe\u611f\u6069\u3001\u7948\u6c42\u6216\u5d07\u656c\u4e4b\u60c5\u7684\u4f9b\u54c1\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u4f9b\u5949<\/span>\u4e0e\u62a4\u4f51\u4e4b\u7269\u3002<\/p><p>\u6cb3\u7ae5\u5951\u7ea6\u3002\u6c11\u95f4\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u6cb3\u7ae5\u5728\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8f83\u91cf\u4e2d\u843d\u8d25\u540e\uff08\u5982\u88ab\u780d\u65ad\u624b\u81c2\uff0c\u8d25\u8005\u6073\u8bf7\u5f52\u8fd8\uff09\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4eba\u7acb\u7ea6\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u4fb5\u6270\u5176\u623f\u5c4b\u4e0e\u7272\u755c\u3002<\/p><p>\u76f8\u6251\u3002\u6cb3\u7ae5\u4ee5\u5176\u6454\u8de4\u6280\u827a\u4e3a\u50b2\u3002\u5728\u76f8\u6251\u8f83\u6280\u4e2d\u8d25\u5317\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u5176\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u5bf9\u80dc\u8005\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u6cb3\u7ae5\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u8fd1\u5f62\u8c61<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002<\/strong>\u6c34\u864e\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u7ecf\u7531\u65e9\u671f\u7c7b\u4e66\u4f20\u5165\u65e5\u672c\u3002<\/p><p>\u671d\u9c9c\u3002\ubb3c\uadc0\uc2e0\uff08\u6c34\u4e2d\u6076\u7075\uff09\u4e0e\u6cb3\u7ae5\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u5c06\u6c90\u6d74\u8005\u62d6\u5165\u6c34\u5e95\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u6210\u56e0\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u591a\u4e3a\u6eba\u6bd9\u4e8e\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u4ea1\u8005\u3002<\/p><p>\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u4f5b\u6559\u3002\u90a3\u4f3d\uff08n\u0101ga\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6c34\u86c7\u795e\u7075\uff0c\u5728\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u4e0a\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u8fd1\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u591a\u5448\u73b0\u795e\u7075\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u6027\u3002<\/p><p>\u897f\u85cf\u3002\u9c81\uff08lu\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6c34\u571f\u7cbe\u7075\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u4e0e\u6c34\u57df\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u517c\u5177\u5b88\u62a4\u4e0e\u5371\u9669\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u9762\u8c8c\u3002<\/p><div><h3>\u6c5f\u6237<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0e\u4e60\u4fd7\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u6c11\u95f4\u4fe1\u4ef0<\/span>\u4e0e\u67f3\u7530\u56fd\u7537\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u4f53\u7cfb<\/h3><p>\u6c5f\u6237\u65f6\u4ee3\uff081603-1868\u5e74\uff09\u5c06\u6cb3\u7ae5\u786e\u7acb\u4e3a\u57ce\u5e02\u5e02\u6c11\u4e0e\u519c\u6751\u6c11\u95f4\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u6c5f\u6237\u3001\u5927\u962a\u7b49\u6cb3\u6e2f\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5546\u4eba\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u9632\u8303\u6cb3\u7ae5\u88ad\u51fb\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6212\u5f8b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u907f\u514d\u5728\u508d\u665a\u5355\u72ec\u4e0b\u6c34\uff0c\u6216\u5411\u6cb3\u4e2d\u732e\u4f9b\u9ec4\u74dc\u3002<\/p><p>\u67f3\u7530\u56fd\u7537\u4f5c\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u65e5\u672c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4f9d\u636e\u5730\u7406\u5206\u5e03\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u5c5e\u6027\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5bf9\u5404\u5730\u6cb3\u7ae5\u53d8\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u7c7b\u3002<\/p><p>\u67f3\u7530\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6cb3\u7ae5\u4f20\u8bf4\u5728\u5185\u9646\u6cb3\u6d41\u5730\u533a\u6bd4\u6cbf\u6d77\u5730\u533a\u66f4\u4e3a\u5bc6\u96c6\uff0c\u4e14\u8f83\u5927\u6cb3\u6d41\u7684\u6cb3\u7ae5\u53d9\u4e8b\u5f80\u5f80\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u795e\u683c\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u5c06\u6cb3\u7ae5\u4ece\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u8ff7\u4fe1\u63d0\u5347\u4e3a\u6587\u5316\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u5bf9\u540e\u7eed\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7814\u7a76\u5f71\u54cd\u6df1\u8fdc\u3002<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd25cbdc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpd25cbdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp08d11db elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp08d11db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u5934\u9876\u6c34\u76bf\u4e0e\u529b\u91cf\u4e4b\u6e90<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0e2c4f6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp0e2c4f6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpace17c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpace17c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u6cb3\u7ae5\u5728\u65e5\u672c<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0e\u53d9\u4e8b\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e16\u4ee3\u7684\u4f20\u627f\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u4f20\u627f<\/span>\u4e2d\u6700\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u662f\u5934\u9876\u4e00\u5904\u7897\u72b6\u51f9\u9677\uff0c\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\u79f0\u4e3a<em>\u76bf<\/em>\uff08\u3055\u3089\uff09\u3002<\/p><p>\u6309\u6c11\u95f4\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u6b64\u51f9\u9677\u4e2d\u59cb\u7ec8\u76db\u6ee1\u6c34\uff0c\u6cb3\u7ae5\u7684\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u529b\u91cf\u5373\u5bd3\u4e8e\u5176\u4e2d\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u6c34\u76bf\u4fdd\u6301\u6e7f\u6da6\uff0c\u6cb3\u7ae5\u4fbf\u5f3a\u608d\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u9646\u5730\u4e0a\u4ea6\u7136\u3002<\/p><p>\u7531\u6b64\u5f15\u51fa\u6700\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u9a71\u907f\u4e4b\u6cd5\uff1a\u9047\u89c1\u6cb3\u7ae5\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u5411\u5176\u6df1\u6df1\u97a0\u8eac\u3002\u5f6c\u5f6c\u6709\u793c\u7684\u6cb3\u7ae5\u5fc5\u7136\u56de\u793c\uff0c\u6c34\u968f\u4e4b\u4ece\u76bf\u4e2d\u6ea2\u51fa\uff0c\u6cb3\u7ae5\u56e0\u6b64\u5931\u53bb\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u80fd\u518d\u6b21\u5c06\u76bf\u6ce8\u6ee1\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u53d8\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u4f7f\u6cb3\u7ae5\u505a\u51fa\u7a81\u7136\u7684\u5934\u90e8\u52a8\u4f5c\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u53d9\u4e8b\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u5371\u9669\u7684\u6c34\u7075\u4e0e\u4e00\u79cd\u8fd1\u4e4e\u6ed1\u7a3d\u7684\u5f31\u70b9\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5f70\u663e\u4e86\u5bf9\u793c\u4eea\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u3002<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u67f3\u7530\u56fd\u7537\uff08Kunio Yanagita\uff09\u662f\u65e5\u672c<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u7814\u7a76\u65e5\u5e38\u6587\u5316\u3001\u98ce\u4fd7\u53ca\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66<\/span>\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\uff0c\u66fe\u5927\u91cf\u6536\u96c6\u5e76\u8be0\u91ca\u6cb3\u7ae5\u4f20\u8bf4\u3002\u5728\u51761910\u5e74\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u8fdc\u91ce\u7269\u8bed\u300b\uff08<em>Tono monogatari<\/em>\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u6cb3\u7ae5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fdc\u91ce\u5730\u533a\u519c\u6751\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/p><p>\u67f3\u7530\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6b64\u7c7b\u6c34\u7075\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u53e4\u8001\u6c34\u795e\u8870\u843d\u540e\u7684\u9057\u5b58\u3002\u6c34\u76bf\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6d41\u4f20\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u6700\u521d\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u6cb3\u7ae5\u4e0e\u6c34\u8fd9\u4e00\u529b\u91cf\u4e4b\u6e90\u76f8\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp84c8c3b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp84c8c3b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb548fd7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpb548fd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u4ece\u6c34\u795e\u5230\u6cb3\u5ddd\u51f6\u7075<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpcc1116e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpcc1116e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp07f4fb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp07f4fb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8dc85b9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp8dc85b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpeeeba9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpeeeba9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u9ec4\u74dc\u3001\u76f8\u6251\u4e0e\u5c3b\u5b50\u7389<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4519d4f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp4519d4f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5b0ecbc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp5b0ecbc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u82e5\u5e72\u56fa\u5b9a\u6bcd\u9898\u8d2f\u7a7f\u4e8e\u6cb3\u7ae5\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u4f20\u7edf\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u5176\u4e00\u662f\u6cb3\u7ae5\u5bf9\u9ec4\u74dc\u7684\u504f\u7231\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4e0b\u6cb3\u6e38\u6cf3\u524d\u5411\u6c34\u4e2d\u6295\u5165\u9ec4\u74dc\u4ee5\u5b89\u629a\u6cb3\u7ae5\uff0c\u6216\u5c06\u6c90\u6d74\u8005\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u523b\u4e8e\u9ec4\u74dc\u4e0a\uff0c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u660e\u667a\u4e4b\u4e3e\u3002\u5bff\u53f8\u5377<em>\u6cb3\u7ae5\u5377<\/em>\uff08\u9ec4\u74dc\u5377\uff09\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u5373\u6e90\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002<\/p><p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5728\u827a\u672f\u6216\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e2d\u53cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u6027\u5143\u7d20\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u6bcd\u9898<\/span>\u662f\u6cb3\u7ae5\u5bf9\u76f8\u6251\u7684\u70ed\u8877\u3002\u6cb3\u7ae5\u4f1a\u5411\u8fc7\u8def\u8005\u53d1\u51fa\u76f8\u6251\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u800c\u9a71\u907f\u624b\u6bb5\u6070\u6070\u501f\u52a9\u4e86\u6c34\u76bf\u8fd9\u4e00\u5f31\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6cb3\u7ae5\u5728\u89d2\u529b\u6216\u97a0\u8eac\u65f6\u5934\u9876\u4e4b\u6c34\u4f1a\u6ea2\u51fa\u3002\u76f8\u6251\u4e0e\u6cb3\u7ae5\u7684\u8f83\u6280\uff0c\u5728\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u751a\u81f3\u878d\u5165\u4e86\u5730\u65b9\u98ce\u4fd7\u4e0e\u513f\u7ae5\u6e38\u620f\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p><p>\u6700\u4e3a\u9634\u6697\u7684<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5728\u827a\u672f\u6216\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e2d\u53cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u6027\u5143\u7d20\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u6bcd\u9898<\/span>\u6d89\u53ca<em>\u5c3b\u5b50\u7389<\/em>\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6c11\u95f4\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e2d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4eba\u4f53\u809b\u95e8\u5904\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7403\u72b6\u7269\uff0c\u6cb3\u7ae5\u4f1a\u4ece\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u8eab\u4e0a\u5c06\u5176\u593a\u8d70\u3002\u636e\u67d0\u4e9b\u53d9\u4e8b\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u5c3b\u5b50\u7389\u8005\u4f1a\u56e0\u6b64\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6216\u4e27\u5931\u751f\u547d\u529b\u3002<\/p><p>\u4ece\u5b97\u6559\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u5728\u827a\u672f\u6216\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e2d\u53cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u6027\u5143\u7d20\u3002\" tabindex=\"0\">\u6bcd\u9898<\/span>\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e3a\u5bf9\u6eba\u6b7b\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u6c11\u95f4\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u6eba\u6bd9\u8005\u9057\u4f53\u6240\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\u3002\u6cb3\u7ae5\u7531\u6b64\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u8b66\u793a\u6027\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u5b69\u7ae5\u9760\u8fd1\u5371\u9669\u6c34\u57df\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6559\u5316\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u6cb3\u7ae5\u4f55\u4ee5\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u65e5\u5e38\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u957f\u76db\u4e0d\u8870\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\u4ecd\u73b0\u8eab\u4e8e\u5409\u7965\u7269\u548c\u6cb3\u8fb9\u8def\u724c\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u5ef6\u4f38\u94fe\u63a5<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u63a8\u8350\u5185\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/p><ul><li>\u6587\u5316\u4e13\u9875<strong>\u65e5\u672c<\/strong>\u3002<\/li><li>\u65e5\u672c\u5176\u4ed6\u6761\u76ee\uff1a<a href=\"\/zh-hans\/oni\/\">\u9b3c<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"\/zh-hans\/tengu\/\">\u5929\u72d7<\/a>\u3001\u5e7d\u7075\u3001<a href=\"\/zh-hans\/yuki-onna\/\">\u96ea\u5973<\/a>\u3002<\/li><li>\u76f8\u8fd1\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a<a href=\"\/zh-hans\/china\/\">\u4e2d\u56fd<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"\/zh-hans\/korea\/\">\u671d\u9c9c<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"\/zh-hans\/tibet\/\">\u897f\u85cf<\/a>\uff08\u9c81\uff09\u3002<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff08\u9009\u7f16\uff09<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>\u6cb3\u7ae5\u7814\u7a76\u6838\u5fc3\u6587\u732e\u7b80\u7f16\uff1a<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Yanagita Kunio: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Legends-Tono-Kunio-Yanagita\/dp\/0739127675\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Legends of T\u014dno.<\/a><\/em> \u00dcbers. Ronald A. Morse. Lexington Books, Lanham 2008 (erw. Ausgabe).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Ishikawa Jun\u02bcichir\u014d: <em>Kappa no sekai.<\/em> Jiji Ts\u016bshinsha, Tokyo 1985.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Foster, Michael Dylan: <em>Pandemonium and Parade: Japanese Monsters and the Culture of Y\u014dkai.<\/em> University of California Press, Berkeley 2009.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Komatsu Kazuhiko: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.de\/books\/about\/Introduction_to_Yokai_Culture.html?id=_cLvtwEACAAJ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">An Introduction to Y\u014dkai Culture.<\/a><\/em> Japan Publishing Industry Foundation for Culture, Tokyo 2017.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Toriyama Sekien: <em>Japandemonium Illustrated.<\/em> \u00dcbers. Hiroko Yoda &#038; Matt Alt. Dover, Mineola 2016.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-kappa-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-kappa-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-kappa\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-kappa-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-kappa-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">\u672c\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\u62a4\u8eab\u4e60\u4fd7\u4e3a\u5b97\u6559\u5b66\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e0e\u5206\u7c7b\u3002iWell Guard 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