{"id":90038,"date":"2026-08-03T02:12:40","date_gmt":"2026-08-03T02:12:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/yama-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-03T02:13:00","modified_gmt":"2026-08-03T02:13:00","slug":"yama","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/vi\/yama\/","title":{"rendered":"Yama"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"90038\" class=\"elementor elementor-90038 elementor-1997\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yama, th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yama l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o.<\/p><p><strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ebft, th\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u00e1n quan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n.<\/strong> Yama l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u00e1c th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ebft, Ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean kia, l\u00e0 <em>Yamadharma<\/em>, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5; trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.\">Dharma<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft.<\/p><p>V\u1edbi c\u00e2y g\u1eady (<em>Danda<\/em>) v\u00e0 con tr\u00e2u trung th\u00e0nh <em>Nandi<\/em>, Yama tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gian, thu nh\u1eadn linh h\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i v\u00e0 d\u1eabn h\u1ecd ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f2a ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t. Trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u00e2m linh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c m\u01a1 h\u1ed3.\" tabindex=\"0\">qu\u1ef7<\/span> m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1ea7n \/ N\u1eef th\u1ea7n: Quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng t\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a trong \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m vi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn, chi\u1ebfn tranh, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5, l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd.\">Th\u1ea7n<\/span><a href=\"\/vi\/than-linh-an-do-giao\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"C\u00e1c th\u1ea7n linh, Asura v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, t\u1eeb Veda \u0111\u1ebfn M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng.\">\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o<\/a><a href=\"\/vi\/than-chet\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"C\u00e1c th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean kia, ph\u00e1n quan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn d\u1eaft linh h\u1ed3n.\">Th\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Kh\\u00f4ng t\\u00ecm th\\u1ea5y ti\\u00eau \\u0111\\u1ec1 n\\u00e0o tr\\u00ean trang n\\u00e0y.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tM\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_hinduismus_yama-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-118188\" alt=\"Yama \u2013 V\u1ecb th\u1ea7n trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, minh h\u1ecda l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_hinduismus_yama-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_hinduismus_yama-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_hinduismus_yama-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_hinduismus_yama.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yama<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00f3m t\u1eaft nhanh: Yama<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Lo\u1ea1i:<\/strong> Th\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Hindu-Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, quan t\u00f2a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"T\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n linh<\/span>: \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o (Yamaraja), T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng (Yama-Dharmaraja)<br>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft; nay l\u00e0 quan t\u00f2a c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Naraka<br>Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh: Tr\u00e2u \u0111en l\u00e0 v\u1eadt c\u01b0\u1ee1i, c\u00e2y g\u1eady (Danda), s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y th\u00f2ng l\u1ecdng (Pasha), s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft<br>N\u01a1i th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0110\u1ec1n th\u1edd<\/span> Yama \u1edf Tamil Nadu, c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng (v\u0169 \u0111i\u1ec7u Cham), Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (Enma-O)<br>Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o: Yamaraja (c\u0169ng \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng), Enma-O (Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n), Yeomra (H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yama \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p trong <em>Rigveda<\/em> (1200-900 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean) v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean v\u00e0 tr\u1ecb v\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng s\u1eed thi mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n (<em>Mahabharata<\/em>), Ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u00e1n quan nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft.<\/p><p>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch <em>Yamaraja<\/em>, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. T\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 8 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch Yama-Dharmaraja trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n wrathful-deity. T\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch Enma-O \/ Yeomra \/ Yanluo, m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u1ede \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, c\u00e1c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n<\/span> th\u1edd Yama r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm, v\u1ecb ph\u00e1n quan c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh s\u1ee3 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i trong nghi l\u1ec5. Quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n<\/span> Yamadharma \u1edf Tamil Nadu, c\u00e1c Yama-Mandir \u1edf Nepal. \u1ede T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u00faa Cham c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n Gelug (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Drepung, Gand\u00e4n, Sera). \u1ede Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Enma-O trong m\u1ed7i ngh\u0129a trang Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. \u1ede H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c: Yeomra trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Mu-sok c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o shaman.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu: <em>Rigveda<\/em> X 14-18 (Yama v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean), <em>Atharvaveda<\/em>, <em>Mahabharata<\/em> (Quy\u1ec3n I, Sabha-Parva: m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Yama-Sabh\u00e2), <em>Markandeya Purana<\/em>, <em>Garuda Purana<\/em> (m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c). Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o: <em>Devadhamma-Sutta<\/em>, <em>Bardo Thodol<\/em> c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p: O&#8217;Flaherty, <em>The Origins of Evil in Hindu Mythology<\/em>; Doniger, <em>Hindu Myths<\/em>; Lopez, <em>The Tibetan Book of the Dead<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00ean g\u1ecdi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yama \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u00f3 da xanh l\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecf, th\u01b0\u1eddng trong b\u1ed9 gi\u00e1p ph\u1ee5c ho\u00e0ng gia. Ng\u00e0i c\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y g\u1eady (<em>Danda<\/em>), thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng mang m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc th\u00f2ng l\u1ecdng (<em>Pasha<\/em>) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n.<\/p><p>Con tr\u00e2u <em>Nandi<\/em> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t; \u0111\u00f4i khi Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng c\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a ho\u1eb7c h\u00f2a v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. Trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t xanh l\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1m \u0111en.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">M\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yama l\u00e0 v\u1ecb ph\u00e1n quan kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i n\u00e0o tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi Ng\u00e0i. Khi th\u1ecd m\u1ec7nh k\u1ebft th\u00fac, Yama \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn, ho\u1eb7c s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 Chitragupta ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n linh h\u1ed3n. Linh h\u1ed3n sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn <em>Yamaloka<\/em>, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (<em>Karma<\/em>) c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc.<\/p><p>T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 K\u1ef3 Na gi\u00e1o, quy lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3: m\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfp theo.\">Karma<\/span>, h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t (<em>Naraka<\/em>) ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng (<em>Swarga<\/em>) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u thai ti\u1ebfp theo. C\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t (<em>Shraddha<\/em>) nh\u1eb1m xoa d\u1ecbu Yama v\u00e0 d\u1eabn linh h\u1ed3n nhanh h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Th\u00f4ng tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: Yama<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Yama m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f3m t\u1eaft. C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o, s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Yama<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yama l\u00e0 con trai c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi Vivasvat (Surya) v\u00e0 Saranyu, l\u00e0 anh trai sinh \u0111\u00f4i c\u1ee7a Yami. Trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t, Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 nay tr\u1ecb v\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00f3.<\/p><p>Trong c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n, Ng\u00e0i k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi Dhumorna, c\u00f3 hai con ch\u00f3 (h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Sarama) l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi canh gi\u1eef con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Yama<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vua c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft. <em>Dharmaraja<\/em> (vua c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5), ph\u00e1n quan ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t theo Karma c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd 21 \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c (Naraka) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n quy lu\u1eadt v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trong c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.\" tabindex=\"0\">Dharma<\/span>) li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn logic nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3. T\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch wrathful deity, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tu h\u1ecdc ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Yama<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o: h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng da t\u1ed1i (xanh l\u00e1-xanh lam-\u0111en) v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c s\u1eb7c s\u1ee1, trong tay c\u1ea7m <em>Danda<\/em> (g\u1eady ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t) v\u00e0 <em>Pasha<\/em> (th\u00f2ng l\u1ecdng b\u1eaft linh h\u1ed3n), c\u01b0\u1ee1i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t con tr\u00e2u \u0111en.<\/p><p>Trang ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecf. T\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch <em>Yama-Dharmaraja<\/em>: \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00e2u, ba m\u1eaft, v\u1ea7ng h\u00e0o quang r\u1ef1c l\u1eeda, trang tr\u00ed x\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n t\u00f3c cong, c\u1ea7m ch\u00e9n s\u1ecd v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfm. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9 t\u1ed1ng b\u1edfi ch\u1ecb g\u00e1i Yami v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/strong> Yama hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea5n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 xin b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh s\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc. Tuy nhi\u00ean trong c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 tang ma, \u00f4ng gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7u xin \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed khoan h\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t.<\/p><p>Trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa hai ki\u1ebfp t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i; Bardo Th\u00f6dol m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau khi ch\u1ebft.\">Bardo<\/span> Thodol (T\u1eed th\u01b0 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng), \u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa hai ki\u1ebfp t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i; Bardo Th\u00f6dol m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau khi ch\u1ebft.\">Bardo<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t. T\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Enma-O l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trung t\u00e2m trong c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 tang ma mang m\u00e0u s\u1eafc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n gian v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu t\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi ngh\u0129a trang. Trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa Cham c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, \u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9i m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tr\u00e2u \u0111en (v\u1eadt c\u01b0\u1ee1i), Danda (g\u1eady), Pasha (th\u00f2ng l\u1ecdng), S\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, G\u01b0\u01a1ng Karma (Karma-Darpana), ch\u00e9n s\u1ecd (T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng), \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00e2u (T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng), v\u1ea7ng h\u00e0o quang r\u1ef1c l\u1eeda, con m\u1eaft th\u1ee9 ba. Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt: Asphodelos \u0111en. H\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u00eang li\u00eang: ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Yamaraja<\/em> (Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o), <em>Yama-Dharmaraja<\/em> (T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng), <em>Enma-O<\/em> (Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n), <em>Yeomra<\/em> (H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c), <em>Yanluo<\/em> (Trung Qu\u1ed1c, v\u1ecb vua \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong m\u01b0\u1eddi vua), <em>Hades<\/em> (Hy L\u1ea1p, vua \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c), <em>Pluto<\/em> (La M\u00e3), <em>Anubis\/Osiris<\/em> (Ai C\u1eadp, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft + ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft), <em>Hel<\/em> (Germani, n\u1eef ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c), <em>Mictlantecuhtli<\/em> (Aztec). G\u1ed1c \u1ea4n-\u00c2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra trong h\u1ecd Yama-Yima-Yumis (Yama Veda, Yima Avesta, Yumis Baltic).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Nghi l\u1ec5 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/p><p>Yama \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 gia \u0111\u00ecnh Veda qua l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt (Havis), s\u1eefa, b\u01a1, ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean (Pinda-Daan). Rigveda 10.14 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng. Trong nghi l\u1ec5 tang ma \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t \u00e2m ti\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mantra<\/span> c\u1ee7a Yama \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecfa t\u00e1ng. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i: thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n vinh vua <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trong c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.\" tabindex=\"0\">Dharma<\/span>.<\/p><p><strong>Ph\u00f9 ch\u00fa v\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/p><p>L\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n Yama c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u1eeb Rigveda 10.14.1-2: &#8220;Yame pathivratah &#8230;&#8221;, &#8220;B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i c\u00f9ng Yama theo tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trong c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.\" tabindex=\"0\">Dharma<\/span>&#8230;&#8221;. C\u00e1c Mantra \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong Katha-Upanishad (\u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa Nachiketas v\u00e0 Yama). M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p Yamantaka (s\u1ef1 chinh ph\u1ee5c Yama) v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p><p><strong>B\u00f9a h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/strong><\/p><p>C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Yama hi\u1ebfm khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111eo mang, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 xua \u0111u\u1ed5i tai h\u1ecda.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u00f9a h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111eo mang, m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 mang t\u00ednh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c b\u1ecd hung l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1edf Ai C\u1eadp mang nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a Yama v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft Anubis, ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 giao thoa v\u0103n h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng Yama \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n nghi l\u1ec5 Veda v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1eef kh\u1eafc t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u00f9a h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh v\u1eadt th\u1ec3.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yama, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Yama t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 Hades c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p, Dis Pater c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi La M\u00e3 v\u00e0 Osiris c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ai C\u1eadp, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t.<\/p><p>V\u1edbi Chitragupta, v\u1ecb th\u01b0 k\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Yama g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn quan ni\u1ec7m Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ear\u00f4 v\u1edbi cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, Yama kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebb th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1eeba c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi.<\/p><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1b125fc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp1b125fc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3cfb1a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp3cfb1a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1f925c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp1f925c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8613854 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp8613854\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L\u1edbp c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7.\" tabindex=\"0\">truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba<\/span> \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn Yama nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ph\u00e1n quan tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft. Cu\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mandala<\/span> c\u1ee7a <em>Rigveda<\/em> ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh ca mang quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y.<\/p><p>Trong <em>Rigveda<\/em> 10.14, Yama \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00ecm ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i sau v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 con ch\u00e1u. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 con trai c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi Vivasvant v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh ca \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 <em>Rigveda<\/em> 10.10, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa Yama v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecb em sinh \u0111\u00f4i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Yami. Yami th\u00fac \u00e9p Yama k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 Yama t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i b\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m lo\u1ea1n lu\u00e2n gi\u1eefa anh ch\u1ecb em ru\u1ed9t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n Stephanie Jamison v\u00e0 Joel Brereton trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Rigveda n\u0103m 2014 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh ca n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p><p>\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u1edbi Yima trong ti\u1ebfng Iran c\u1ed5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong <em>Avesta<\/em> v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 v\u1ecb vua \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n ng\u1ea7m d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t. C\u1ea3 hai t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t g\u1ed1c \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9-Iran mang ngh\u0129a sinh \u0111\u00f4i.<\/p><p>Ng\u00e0nh \u1ea4n-\u00c2u h\u1ecdc so s\u00e1nh, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Bruce Lincoln, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e0n d\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft chung, trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean.<\/p><p>Yama mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c s\u1eed thi v\u00e0 Puranas, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c v\u00e0 s\u1ed5 s\u00e1ch ghi ch\u00e9p c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01a1 k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5e6d19f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp5e6d19f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5d9ad8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp5d9ad8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Yama v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ghi ch\u00e9p h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp960b1b5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp960b1b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5504436 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp5504436\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc s\u1eed thi v\u00e0 Purana, Yama chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ph\u00fac l\u00e0nh sang ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean kia ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng. N\u01a1i c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, <em>Yamaloka<\/em> hay <em>Yamapura<\/em>, theo h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam, do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam trong \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd nghi l\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Yama.<\/p><p><em>Garuda Purana<\/em>, m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m cho quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft qua con s\u00f4ng n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng <em>Vaitarani<\/em> \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc ngai v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Yama.<\/p><p>B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh Yama l\u00e0 <em>Chitragupta<\/em>, m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 k\u00fd ghi ch\u00e9p m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed5 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd.<\/p><p>Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>Agrasandhani<\/em>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc khi ch\u1ebft, v\u00e0 theo n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, Yama quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp theo. Chitragupta \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u01b0 k\u00fd Kayasthas, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4n th\u1edd \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng t\u1ed5. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t trong \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Yama, c\u00e1c <em>Naraka<\/em>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp danh m\u1ee5c trong <em>Garuda Purana<\/em> v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a <em>Manusmriti<\/em> v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 cho t\u1eebng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c n\u00e0y theo gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i v\u0129nh c\u1eedu.<\/p><p>Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m trong v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, v\u00e0 sau khi ho\u00e0n tr\u1ea3 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea5u, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c.<\/p><p>Yama do \u0111\u00f3 \u00edt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecda v\u0129nh c\u1eedu m\u00e0 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a quy lu\u1eadt v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Danh hi\u1ec7u <em>Dharmaraja<\/em>, vua c\u1ee7a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trong c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.\" tabindex=\"0\">Dharma<\/span>, di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3: Ng\u00e0i thi h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp681dbb8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp681dbb8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5666882 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp5666882\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yama trong Bhagavadgita v\u00e0 Katha-Upanishad<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ae4b61 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2ae4b61\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9e65f84 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp9e65f84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hai v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n trao cho Yama m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u00e1n quan thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay. Trong <em>Katha-Upanishad<\/em>, Yama l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n tr\u1ebb Nachiketas b\u1ecb cha m\u00ecnh trong c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn trao cho Th\u1ea7n Ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i ba ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 Yama.<\/p><p>\u0110\u1ec3 chu\u1ed9c l\u1ed7i, Yama cho anh ta ba \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau khi ch\u1ebft.<\/p><p>Yama l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea1c h\u01b0\u1edbng Nachiketas b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng d\u00e0i l\u00e2u, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh. Sau \u0111\u00f3 Yama d\u1ea1y anh ta s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00edch v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 linh h\u1ed3n b\u1ea5t t\u1eed, <em>Atman<\/em>. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, th\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t tri th\u1ee9c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft.<\/p><p>Trong <em>Bhagavadgita<\/em>, \u1edf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi, khi Krishna li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Yama trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf hay ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t.<\/p><p>Qua \u0111\u00f3, Yama \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i cao trong m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng Yama trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng ma qu\u1ef7 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p.<\/p><p>Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Yama. Trong khi c\u00e1c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng thu g\u1ecdn Ng\u00e0i th\u00e0nh n\u1ed7i kinh ho\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 Wendy Doniger nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng Yama trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Sanskrit c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft trong quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1a6dd18 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp1a6dd18\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe3ae724 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpe3ae724\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ra ngo\u00e0i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb513861 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpb513861\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5b64d2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp5b64d2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh, Yama th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda v\u1edbi l\u00e0n da t\u1ed1i, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 xanh l\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c xanh lam, m\u1eb7c trang ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecf, c\u01b0\u1ee1i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t con tr\u00e2u.<\/p><p>Trong tay Ng\u00e0i c\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc th\u00f2ng l\u1ecdng, <em>Pasha<\/em>, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00e9o linh h\u1ed3n ra kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y g\u1eady hay ch\u00f9y, <em>Danda<\/em>. C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1c ph\u00f9 \u0111i\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd v\u00e0 tranh thu nh\u1ecf t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Trung \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p><p>L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng <em>Lokapalas<\/em>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, Yama xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u1edf m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i ph\u00eda Nam c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd.<\/p><p>Qua Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, Yama \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i theo \u0111\u00f3. Trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch <em>Shinje<\/em>, Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a \u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i ri\u00eang, trong \u0111\u00f3 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t V\u0103n Th\u00f9 trong h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng <em>Yamantaka<\/em>, k\u1ebb chinh ph\u1ee5c Yama, khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c Ng\u00e0i.<\/p><p>T\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh <em>Yanluo<\/em>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u01b0\u1eddi vua \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c (xem <a href=\"\/vi\/yanluo-wang\/\">Yanluo<\/a>), t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 <em>Enma<\/em>. Cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.\" tabindex=\"0\">bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> to\u00e0n ch\u00e2u \u00c1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a \u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 mua chu\u1ed9c.<\/p><p>\u1ede \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y nay, Yama t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 tang ma, trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 trong l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i <em>Yama Dvitiya<\/em> hay <em>Bhai Dooj<\/em>, g\u1eafn v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Yama v\u00e0 ch\u1ecb g\u00e1i Yami.<\/p><p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp anh trai v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n cho anh s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u. Qua \u0111\u00f3 trong phong t\u1ee5c d\u00e2n gian, m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00f4-t\u00edp<\/span> tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda trong th\u00e1nh ca Veda c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh \u0111\u00f4i.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbdd2ba4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpbdd2ba4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp77afc58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp77afc58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">L\u1ecbch s\u1eed nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tranh lu\u1eadn di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf7f3b26 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpf7f3b26\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp019c46c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp019c46c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Yama b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 <em>Rigveda<\/em> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u01b0 Hermann Oldenberg v\u00e0 Abel Bergaigne \u0111\u00e3 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7u Yama ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a hay ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft.<\/p><p>Cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh ca 10.10 v\u00e0 10.14.<\/p><p>Trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc so s\u00e1nh \u1ea4n-\u00c2u chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m sang m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Yama v\u00e0 Yima c\u1ee7a Iran. Georges Dum\u00e9zil v\u00e0 sau \u00f4ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> \u1ea4n-Iran, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u1ea4n-\u00c2u, v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft.<\/p><p>Bruce Lincoln trong <em>Death, War, and Sacrifice<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eb1ng sau Yama v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o chung, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u00e2n chia th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p><p>V\u1eabn c\u00f2n tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t Yama Veda ra kh\u1ecfi Yama Purana mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1eefa v\u1ecb vua t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n.<\/p><p>Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a th\u01b0 k\u00fd Chitragupta c\u0169ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1ecf, v\u00ec \u00f4ng v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o sau, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y: nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Yama \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u00edch l\u0169y qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00eam<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"\/vi\/yamaraja\/\">Yamaraja, ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/yama-phat-giao\/\">Yama &#8211; ph\u00e1n quan ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft (Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/enma-o\/\">Enma-O, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/yeomra\/\">Yeomra, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/hades\/\">Hades, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Hy L\u1ea1p<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/than-linh-an-do-giao\/\">\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, t\u1ed5ng quan \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/than-chet\/\">C\u00e1c th\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft, danh m\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o (tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>O&#8217;Flaherty, Wendy Doniger: <em>The Origins of Evil in Hindu Mythology<\/em>. Berkeley 1976.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Doniger, Wendy: <em>Hindu Myths. A Sourcebook<\/em>. London 1975.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Lopez, Donald S.: <em>The Tibetan Book of the Dead. A Biography<\/em>. Princeton 2011.<\/span><\/li><li>Rigveda X 14-18 (nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch).<\/li><li>Walde, Christine (Hg.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (m\u1ee5c t\u1eeb &#8220;Yama&#8221;).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea trong <a href=\"\/vi\/tai-lieu-tham-khao\/\">danh m\u1ee5c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9bd3732 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9bd3732\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-599231e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"599231e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 Yama<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Yama l\u00e0 ai trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o?<\/h3><p>Yama trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c (Naraka) v\u00e0 ph\u00e1n quan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t v\u0129nh c\u1eedu m\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u thai t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, ai \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 xong nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u thai tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.<\/p><p>Yama th\u1ea9m v\u1ea5n t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u00e1n quan \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 Ng\u00e0i. C\u00e1c c\u00f5i c\u1ee7a Yama \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 lu\u1eadn<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o (c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n Abhidharma).<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Yama trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Yamaraja \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3><p>C\u1ea3 hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u chia s\u1ebb ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c chung trong Yama Veda (Rigveda 10,14), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft. Trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, Yama v\u1eabn l\u00e0 v\u1ecb richtergott trung t\u00e2m ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi linh h\u1ed3n.<\/p><p>Trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, Yama tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111a di\u1ec7n: trong Theravada h\u01a1n thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, trong \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a v\u1edbi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.\" tabindex=\"0\">bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc<\/span> ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p (th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00f2, kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh Yama Dharmaraja). T\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, nh\u1eefng v\u0169 c\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y (l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Cham) th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng vai Yama.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Yama l\u00e0 ai trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yama trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c (Naraka) v\u00e0 ph\u00e1n quan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t v\u0129nh c\u1eedu m\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u thai t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, ai \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 xong nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u thai tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. Yama th\u1ea9m v\u1ea5n t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u00e1n quan \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 Ng\u00e0i. C\u00e1c c\u00f5i c\u1ee7a Yama \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong <span class=\\\"iwg-fachbegriff\\\" data-tooltip=\\\"Quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 lu\u1eadn<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o (c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n Abhidharma).\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Yama trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Yamaraja \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"C\u1ea3 hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u chia s\u1ebb ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c chung trong Yama Veda (Rigveda 10,14), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft. Trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, Yama v\u1eabn l\u00e0 v\u1ecb richtergott trung t\u00e2m ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi linh h\u1ed3n. Trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, Yama tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111a di\u1ec7n: trong Theravada h\u01a1n thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, trong \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a v\u1edbi <span class=\\\"iwg-fachbegriff\\\" data-tooltip=\\\"Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc<\/span> ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p (th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00f2, kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh Yama Dharmaraja). T\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, nh\u1eefng v\u0169 c\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y (l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Cham) th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng vai Yama.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yama, th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o Yama l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ebft, th\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u00e1n quan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n. Yama l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u00e1c th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1731,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Yama","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Yama - Th\u1ea7n Ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1n Quan trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Yama, th\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u00e1n quan trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o. G\u1eady v\u00e0 tr\u00e2u Nandi, Yamaloka, t\u00f2a \u00e1n Karma v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c Veda - cha c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"hinduismus","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-90038","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Yama - Th\u1ea7n Ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1n Quan trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Yama, th\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u00e1n quan trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o. 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