{"id":89996,"date":"2026-08-03T02:03:43","date_gmt":"2026-08-03T02:03:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/shiva-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-03T02:04:05","modified_gmt":"2026-08-03T02:04:05","slug":"shiva","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/vi\/shiva\/","title":{"rendered":"Shiva"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"89996\" class=\"elementor elementor-89996 elementor-1994\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Shiva, th\u1ea7n trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Shiva l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o.<\/p><p><strong>\u0110\u1ea5ng H\u1ee7y Di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 T\u00e1i T\u1ea1o, v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1ea7n \/ N\u1eef th\u1ea7n: Quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng t\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a trong \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m vi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn, chi\u1ebfn tranh, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5, l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd.\">Th\u1ea7n<\/span><a href=\"\/vi\/hinduismus\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ea7n linh, Asura v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, t\u1eeb th\u1eddi V\u1ec7 \u0110\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng.\">\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tM\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_hinduismus_shiva-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1729\" alt=\"Shiva \u2013 hinduistischer Hochgott der Zerst\u00f6rung und Erneuerung\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_hinduismus_shiva-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_hinduismus_shiva-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_hinduismus_shiva-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_hinduismus_shiva.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Shiva<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Shiva l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong ba v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Trimurti, b\u1ed9 ba v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. V\u1edbi con m\u1eaft th\u1ee9 ba bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00e0nh tro t\u00e0n, tay c\u1ea7m \u0111inh ba v\u00e0 r\u1eafn qu\u1ea5n quanh c\u1ed5, Shiva nh\u1ea3y v\u0169 \u0111i\u1ec7u <em>Nataraja<\/em>, v\u0169 \u0111i\u1ec7u V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n th\u1eddi gian, kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t.<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u1ef1c \u0111oan: v\u1ecb \u1ea9n s\u0129 hoang d\u00e3 trong hang \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean d\u00e3y Himalaya, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Parvati v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha c\u1ee7a Ganesha.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft: Shiva<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Lo\u1ea1i:<\/strong> Th\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, \u0110\u1ea5ng H\u1ee7y Di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 Bi\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ed5i (Trimurti), b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ea9n s\u0129<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0110i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n<\/span>: \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Shaivism, m\u1ed9t trong hai gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i Hindu l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t)<br>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: H\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, v\u0169 \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, Yoga, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 nghi l\u1ec5 trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.\">M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng<\/span><br>Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh: Trishula (\u0111inh ba), Damaru (tr\u1ed1ng), con m\u1eaft th\u1ee9 ba, r\u1eafn, l\u01b0\u1ee1i li\u1ec1m m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng, v\u00e1y da h\u1ed5<br>C\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh: Varanasi (Kashi-Vishwanath), Mt. Kailash (T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng), Kedarnath, Rameswaram, 12 Jyotirlinga<br>C\u00e1c h\u00f3a th\u00e2n ch\u00ednh: Nataraja (v\u0169 c\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5), Bhairava (ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9), Ardhanarishvara (l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh), Lingam (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c \u00fd ngh\u0129a.\" tabindex=\"0\">bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Shiva ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n b\u00e3o t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh trong V\u1ec7 \u0110\u00e0 l\u00e0 <em>Rudra<\/em> (Rigveda, 1200-900 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean); trong c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh ca V\u1ec7 \u0110\u00e0, Rudra v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n<\/span> ngo\u1ea1i bi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3. S\u1ef1 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 di\u1ec5n ra trong c\u00e1c <em>Pur\u0101\u1e47a<\/em> (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 <em>\u015aaiva Pur\u0101\u1e47a<\/em> v\u00e0 <em>Li\u1e45ga Pur\u0101\u1e47a<\/em>, th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 4-10 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean).<\/p><p>Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ef1c th\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Shaiva M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 8 (K\u0101p\u0101lika, K\u0101l\u0101mukha, Shaiva-Siddh\u0101nta, tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Trikasambandha c\u1ee7a Kashmir Shaivism v\u1edbi Abhinavagupta). T\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Tamil l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p Bhakti quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a <em>N\u0101yan\u0101rs<\/em> (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 6-9). Ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong ba th\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 Hindu b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh Vishnu v\u00e0 Devi; truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Shaiva chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 Hindu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh: <strong>Varanasi<\/strong> (Kashi, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1n Kashi-Vishwanath-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0110\u1ec1n<\/span>, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m linh thi\u00eang nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, n\u01a1i c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t Mok\u1e63a tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp), <strong>Mt. Kailash<\/strong> (\u1edf mi\u1ec1n t\u00e2y T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i), <strong>Kedarnath<\/strong> (Uttarakhand, d\u00e3y Himalaya), <strong>Rameswaram<\/strong> (Tamil Nadu, m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng Char Dham).<\/p><p><em>M\u01b0\u1eddi hai Jyotirlinga<\/em> t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chuy\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i linh thi\u00eang v\u00ec l\u00fd do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">H\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> ch\u00ednh bao ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd: Somnath, Mallikarjuna, Mahakaleshwar (Ujjain), Omkareshwar, Kedarnath, Bhimashankar, Kashi-Vishwanath, Trimbakeshwar, Vaidyanath, Nageshwar, Rameshwar, Ghushmeshwar. \u1ede v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Tamil, <strong>Chidambaram<\/strong> v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng Nataraja l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Shaiva Tamil. Tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong m\u1ecdi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0110\u1ec1n<\/span> \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng Lingam.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu: <em>Rigveda<\/em> (c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh ca Rudra, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t Rg.V. 2.33), <em>\u015aaiva Pur\u0101\u1e47a<\/em>, <em>Li\u1e45ga Pur\u0101\u1e47a<\/em>, <em>Skanda Pur\u0101\u1e47a<\/em>, <em>K\u016brma Pur\u0101\u1e47a<\/em>. V\u0103n b\u1ea3n M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng: <em>Vij\u00f1\u0101na Bhairava T\u0101ntra<\/em>, <em>M\u0101linivijayottara T\u0101ntra<\/em>, <em>Svacchanda T\u0101ntra<\/em>, <em>Netra T\u0101ntra<\/em>. Bhakti Tamil: <em>T\u0113v\u0101ram<\/em> c\u1ee7a ba N\u0101yan\u0101rs (Sambandar, Appar, Sundarar) v\u00e0 <em>Tiruv\u0101cakam<\/em> c\u1ee7a Manikkav\u0101cakar.<\/p><p>Kashmir Shaivism: <em>Tantr\u0101loka<\/em> c\u1ee7a Abhinavagupta. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p: Doniger, <em>Asceticism and Eroticism in the Mythology of \u015aiva<\/em> (c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n); Sanderson, <em>The \u015aaiva Age<\/em>; Kramrisch, <em>The Presence of \u015aiva<\/em>; Michaels, <em>Der Hinduismus<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00ean g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Shiva \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u1ed5 xanh, th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ecfa th\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c m\u1eb7c da h\u1ed5, t\u00f3c b\u00fai cao, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Ganga v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee1i li\u1ec1m m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng ch\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng. Con m\u1eaft th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, d\u1ecdc theo tr\u00e1n, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u0169 kh\u00ed khi ng\u00e0i t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn.<\/p><p>Trong m\u00e1i t\u00f3c c\u1ee7a Shiva c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Ganga. Ng\u00e0i mang \u0111inh ba (Trishula), m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc tr\u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf (Damaru) v\u00e0 r\u1eafn nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c. Lingam, m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mang t\u00ednh nam t\u00ednh, l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Tro (Vibhuti) tr\u00ean da ng\u00e0i bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Shiva \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o. V\u0169 \u0111i\u1ec7u <em>Nataraja<\/em> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1i sinh. Trong thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1c Yogi v\u00e0 \u1ea9n s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Shiva; <em>Om Namah Shivaya<\/em> l\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c2m ti\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i theo nghi l\u1ec5 v\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i; trung t\u00e2m trong c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n.\">mantra<\/span> trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Shaivism.<\/p><p>Shivaratri, &#8220;\u0110\u00eam c\u1ee7a Shiva&#8221;, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00eam, l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 r\u01b0\u1edbc Lingam. C\u00e1c Linga trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 Varanasi l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Th\u00f4ng tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: Shiva<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u015aiva trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan. C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c sau \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f3m t\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o, s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Trong m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, Shiva xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh trong c\u00e1c Upanishad nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.\">Brahman<\/span> v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y; trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c, ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Brahma. Phu qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a <em>Parvati<\/em>, c\u0169ng trong c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh <em>Sati<\/em> (v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean), <em>Durga<\/em> (n\u1eef chi\u1ebfn binh), <em>Kali<\/em> (\u0111\u1ea5ng h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t cu\u1ed3ng n\u1ed9). Cha c\u1ee7a <em>Ganesha<\/em> \u0111\u1ea7u voi v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn tranh <em>Skanda\/Murugan\/Kartikeya<\/em>. N\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa: <em>Mt. Kailash<\/em> trong d\u00e3y Himalaya.<\/p><p>S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u1ea9n s\u0129 (<em>Mah\u0101yog\u012b<\/em>, thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh qua c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp) v\u1eeba l\u00e0 v\u0169 c\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n (<em>Nataraja<\/em>); v\u1eeba l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t (kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh Bhairava) v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha hi\u1ec1n t\u1eeb trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh (c\u00f9ng Parvati v\u00e0 c\u00e1c con).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0110\u1ea5ng H\u1ee7y Di\u1ec7t trong kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Trimurti, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 <em>s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/em>: v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i m\u1ed7i Mah\u0101-Yuga, Shiva h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 qua v\u0169 \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 (T\u0101\u1e47\u1e0dava), t\u1eeb tro t\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. B\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c <em>\u1ea9n s\u0129<\/em> (<em>Sannyasi<\/em>, S\u0101dhu, Aghori), c\u00e1c Yogi, Tantrika.<\/p><p>Trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Bhakti l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u1ea7n linh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (N\u0101yan\u0101rs Tamil l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Shaiva Bhakti n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t). Trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang.\" tabindex=\"0\">t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> Lingam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd nh\u01b0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, <em>Lingam<\/em> (v\u1edbi <em>Yoni<\/em> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf) t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y. Trong Kashmir Shaivism l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i cao (<em>Parama\u015biva<\/em>).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>H\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam nh\u01b0 \u1ea9n s\u0129 v\u1edbi da m\u00e0u xanh x\u00e1m (trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng: ph\u1ee7 tro, &#8220;tr\u1eafng nh\u01b0 tuy\u1ebft Kailash&#8221;). <em>Con m\u1eaft th\u1ee9 ba<\/em> tr\u00ean tr\u00e1n (m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a tri gi\u00e1c cao h\u01a1n, v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t Kama, th\u1ea7n t\u00ecnh y\u00eau). <em>L\u01b0\u1ee1i li\u1ec1m m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng<\/em> trong m\u00e1i t\u00f3c r\u1ed1i (<em>jata<\/em>), h\u1ee9ng d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> Ganga-Avat\u0101ra\u1e47a). <em>R\u1eafn<\/em> quanh c\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 trang s\u1ee9c thi\u00eang li\u00eang.<\/p><p><em>Trishula<\/em> (\u0111inh ba) v\u00e0 <em>Damaru<\/em> (tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 c\u00e1t, ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u0169 tr\u1ee5). <em>V\u00e1y da h\u1ed5<\/em>. Trong h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c <strong>Nataraja<\/strong> l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 trong v\u00f2ng l\u1eeda (<em>prabh\u0101ma\u1e47\u1e0dala<\/em>): ch\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng l\u00ean, ch\u00e2n tr\u00e1i gi\u1eabm l\u00ean qu\u1ef7 l\u00f9n Apasm\u0101ra (v\u00f4 minh). Trong h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c <strong>Ardhanarishvara<\/strong> l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh, m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda Shiva, n\u1eeda kia Parvati. Trong h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c <strong>Bhairava<\/strong> l\u00e0 ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 v\u1edbi trang s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e2u.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/strong> Shiva \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 Hindu c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. C\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh: <em>Maha-Shivaratri<\/em> (&#8220;\u0111\u00eam l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Shiva&#8221; th\u00e1ng Hai\/Ba, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Hindu l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00eam trong \u0111\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 Lingam-Abhi\u1e63eka), <em>K\u0101rttika P\u016br\u1e47im\u0101<\/em>, <em>Pradosha Vrata<\/em> (nh\u1ecbn \u0103n hai th\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 13 c\u1ee7a tu\u1ea7n tr\u0103ng).<\/p><p>T\u1ea1i Varanasi, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t Mok\u1e63a tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp qua <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng.\" tabindex=\"0\">l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> Shiva h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0o tai ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng trong c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Aghori v\u00e0 K\u0101p\u0101lika (kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, nghi l\u1ec5 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba).<\/p><p>Th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng Lingam l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m trong m\u1ecdi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n<\/span> Shiva, Lingam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eafm b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1eefa, m\u1eadt ong, n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eeba v\u00e0 ghee (<em>Pa\u00f1c\u0101m\u1e5bta<\/em>-Abhi\u1e63eka). T\u1ea1i Chidambaram, c\u00e1c D\u012bk\u1e63itar-Br\u0101hmin \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 quy t\u1eafc, mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">nghi l\u1ec5<\/span> Nataraja trong h\u01a1n 1000 n\u0103m.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Trishula (\u0111inh ba), Damaru (tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 c\u00e1t), con m\u1eaft th\u1ee9 ba, l\u01b0\u1ee1i li\u1ec1m m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng trong m\u00e1i t\u00f3c r\u1ed1i, v\u00f2ng r\u1eafn (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Vasuki), v\u00e1y da h\u1ed5, <em>Lingam<\/em> (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c \u00fd ngh\u0129a.\" tabindex=\"0\">bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c \u00fd ngh\u0129a.\" tabindex=\"0\">bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> Shiva quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t), <em>Nandi<\/em> b\u00f2 \u0111\u1ef1c (linh v\u1eadt c\u01b0\u1ee1i, lu\u00f4n \u1edf l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n Shiva), <em>vibh\u016bti<\/em> (tro th\u00e1nh, ba v\u1ea1ch ngang tr\u00ean tr\u00e1n), chu\u1ed7i h\u1ea1t <em>Rudr\u0101k\u1e63a<\/em> (h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y thi\u00eang).<\/p><p>Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt linh thi\u00eang: c\u00e2y <em>Bilva<\/em> (Aegle marmelos, l\u00e1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Shiva y\u00eau th\u00edch), Datura, c\u00e2y Banyan. Tro th\u00e1nh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00e3i h\u1ecfa t\u00e1ng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Rudra<\/em> (ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n V\u1ec7 \u0110\u00e0), <em>Bhairava<\/em> (kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9, trang ri\u00eang), <em>Mahakala<\/em> (Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, h\u00f3a th\u00e2n th\u00edch \u1ee9ng trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"'Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng'; h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Yidam v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt mantra l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m.\">Vajrayana<\/span> l\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n<\/span> b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9), <em>Pashupati<\/em> (ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb thung l\u0169ng Indus tr\u00ean c\u00e1c con d\u1ea5u ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed t\u1eeb Mohenjo-Daro), <em>Dionysus<\/em> (Hy L\u1ea1p, kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t, khi\u00eau v\u0169, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang), <em>Hades-Plouton<\/em> (Hy L\u1ea1p, kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh k\u00e9p <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c c\u00f5i d\u01b0\u1edbi; trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u (Hades, Erinye, Demeter chthonia).\">chthonic<\/span> v\u00e0 m\u00e0u m\u1ee1), <em>Wotan-Odin<\/em> (Germani, vua Yogi m\u1ed9t m\u1eaft), <em>Cernunnos<\/em> (Celtic, th\u1ea7n \u1ea9n s\u0129 r\u1eebng c\u00f3 s\u1eebng). V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o \u1ea9n s\u0129 v\u00e0 M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Shiva.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Nghi l\u1ec5 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/p><p>Shiva l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh Vishnu (Trimurti). Th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m <em>abhisheka<\/em> (t\u01b0\u1edbi Linga b\u1eb1ng s\u1eefa, m\u1eadt ong, s\u1eefa chua, ghee, n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ee9c <em>panchamrita<\/em>) v\u00e0 d\u00e2ng l\u00e1 Bilva l\u00ean Linga nh\u01b0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L\u1ec5 v\u1eadt d\u00e2ng l\u00ean th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n, c\u1ea7u xin ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh.\" tabindex=\"0\">l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt<\/span>.<\/p><p>Mahashivaratri (v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng Phalguna, th\u00e1ng Hai\/Ba) l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh v\u1edbi bu\u1ed5i th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00eam v\u00e0 nh\u1ecbn \u0103n (x. Doniger, <em>Hindu Myths<\/em>). \u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Varanasi (Kashi Vishvanath); m\u01b0\u1eddi hai th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba Jyotirlinga (Somnath, Mahakaleshwar, Kedarnath v.v.) \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng theo v\u00f9ng.<\/p><p><strong>Mantra v\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/p><p>Mahamrityunjaya-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t \u00e2m ti\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">mantra<\/span> (Rigveda 7.59.12), &#8220;Om Tryambakam Yajamahe&#8221;, l\u00e0 mantra ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Panchakshara-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t \u00e2m ti\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">mantra<\/span> &#8220;Om Namah Shivaya&#8221; (Yajurveda) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ee5ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i theo ki\u1ec3u <em>japa<\/em> 108 l\u1ea7n v\u1edbi chu\u1ed7i h\u1ea1t Rudraksha. Shiva Stuti t\u1eeb Lingapurana l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5.<\/p><p><strong>B\u00f9a h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9<\/strong><\/p><p>Chu\u1ed7i h\u1ea1t Rudraksha (h\u1ea1t qu\u1ea3 Eleocarpus, &#8220;n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft Shiva&#8221;) trong chu\u1ed7i Mala 27\/54\/108 h\u1ea1t. Vibhuti (tro th\u00e1nh) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f4i l\u00ean tr\u00e1n th\u00e0nh ba v\u1ea1ch ngang (<em>tripundra<\/em>). Trishula (\u0111inh ba), Damaru (tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 c\u00e1t) v\u00e0 Linga l\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a Apotropaikon: c\u00e1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng xua \u0111u\u1ed5i tai h\u1ecda.\" tabindex=\"0\">c\u00e1c v\u1eadt apotropaic<\/span> mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Shiva, c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Shiva v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea5ng H\u1ee7y Di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 T\u00e1i T\u1ea1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 Chronos c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p hay Loki trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> B\u1eafc \u00c2u, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tan r\u00e3. S\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn Hermes Trismegistos trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3 kim.<\/p><p>Trong c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, Shiva th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c \u00fd ngh\u0129a.\" tabindex=\"0\">bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> cho s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00e2m linh. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t \u00e2m ti\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mantra<\/span> <em>Om Namah Shivaya<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Yoga tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4973181 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp4973181\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2e313a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2e313a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Shiva v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch Nataraja: v\u0169 \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa6fd70e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpa6fd70e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfc5206b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpfc5206b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u00f3a th\u00e2n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 mang m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Shiva l\u00e0 <em>Nataraja<\/em>, Vua V\u0169 \u0110i\u1ec7u. H\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Chola t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 9 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 13. C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Nataraja thu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.<\/p><p>H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0n d\u1ef1ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. Shiva nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng l\u1eeda t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. D\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, ng\u00e0i gi\u1eabm l\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00f9n hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 minh. M\u1ed9t b\u00e0n tay c\u1ea7m chi\u1ebfc tr\u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf, nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1eadp c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o.<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t b\u00e0n tay kh\u00e1c c\u1ea7m ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda, d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tan r\u00e3 v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t b\u00e0n tay n\u1eefa th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 \u00fay, b\u00e0n tay th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean, h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p><p>Trong m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y t\u00f3m t\u1eaft n\u0103m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Shiva m\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc<\/span> Hindu quy cho ng\u00e0i: s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, duy tr\u00ec, tan r\u00e3, che gi\u1ea5u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. V\u0169 \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n m\u00e0 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sinh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t \u0111i g\u1eafn k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi.<\/p><p>Nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Ananda Coomaraswamy \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft trong m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. Trung t\u00e2m th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a th\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n<\/span> l\u1edbn Chidambaram \u1edf Tamil Nadu, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 n\u01a1i Shiva \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u0169 \u0111i\u1ec7u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpaeb46c1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpaeb46c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4f80a42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp4f80a42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lingam: bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Shiva<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp746bbf0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp746bbf0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9e69fe3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp9e69fe3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n Hindu kh\u00e1c, Shiva trong t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c <em>Lingam<\/em>, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec9nh tr\u00f2n.<\/p><p>Lingam th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>yoni<\/em>. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef, c\u1ee7a Shiva v\u00e0 N\u1eef th\u1ea7n.<\/p><p>Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 Lingam \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y c\u0169 h\u01a1n hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c \u00fd ngh\u0129a.\" tabindex=\"0\">bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eadt. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Hindu v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n: t\u1eeb <em>linga<\/em> trong ti\u1ebfng Sanskrit c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u hay \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng.<\/p><p>Lingam do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Shiva, m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ed1 \u00fd phi h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, qua \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 bi\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n<\/span>. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n trong <em>Lingapurana<\/em> k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng Shiva xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00f4 t\u1eadn m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 Brahma v\u00e0 Vishnu c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i. Lingam g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y.<\/p><p>Lingam t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c Lingam <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc tinh x\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng do b\u00e0n tay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho c\u00f5i thi\u00eang li\u00eang th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng.\" tabindex=\"0\">thi\u00eang li\u00eang<\/span>, cho \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi hai <em>Jyotirlinga<\/em>, c\u00e1c Linga \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba Shiva quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p><p>Trong t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, Lingam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1eefa, l\u00e1 c\u00e2y Bilva v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3 v\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c \u00fd ngh\u0129a.\" tabindex=\"0\">bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nghi l\u1ec5 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpda063b5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpda063b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbaddc2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpbaddc2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1ea8n s\u0129 tr\u00ean Kailash: \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Shiva<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8eba809 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp8eba809\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd7a7d91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpd7a7d91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Shiva k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p trong h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t tho\u1ea1t nh\u00ecn c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 dung h\u00f2a. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u1ea9n s\u0129, <em>Mahayogi<\/em>, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean n\u00fai Kailash trong d\u00e3y Himalaya, th\u00e2n ph\u1ee7 tro, t\u00f3c xo\u1eafn th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng l\u1ecdn r\u1ed1i.<\/p><p>\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u01b0\u1edbi N\u1eef th\u1ea7n Parvati v\u00e0 l\u00e0 cha c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con trai Ganesha v\u00e0 Skanda. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a mu\u00f4ng th\u00fa hoang d\u00e3 v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh, \u0111eo r\u1eafn nh\u01b0 trang s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 m\u1eb7c da h\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng s\u1ed1ng trong v\u00f2ng tay gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p><p>S\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7.\" tabindex=\"0\">truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba<\/span>, m\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Shiva \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng c\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p><p>Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi u\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c m\u00e0 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft: trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1eefa, Shiva nu\u1ed1t ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang \u0111e d\u1ecda h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 gi\u1eef n\u00f3 trong c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdng, khi\u1ebfn c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdng chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e0u xanh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec7t danh <em>Nilakantha<\/em>, C\u1ed5 Xanh, c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.<\/p><p>Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111inh ba, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0\u1ee1i li\u1ec1m m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng trong t\u00f3c, con m\u1eaft th\u1ee9 ba tr\u00ean tr\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng thi\u00eang Ganges, theo <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7.\" tabindex=\"0\">truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba<\/span> ch\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7n gian qua \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e1i t\u00f3c ng\u00e0i k\u00ecm l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p><p>Linh v\u1eadt c\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 con b\u00f2 \u0111\u1ef1c Nandi. Trong s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng n\u00e0y, Shiva hi\u1ec7n ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n<\/span> k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p trong m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng g\u00ec nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec hoang d\u00e3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3deafac e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp3deafac\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe0713c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpe0713c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Shaivism: Shiva nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe3d59a0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpe3d59a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9cacd33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp9cacd33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Trong l\u00f2ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng Shiva kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n<\/span> trong s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, m\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Shaivism. D\u00f2ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t theo v\u00f9ng v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 Kashmir Shaivism, m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 9 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 11, v\u1edbi Abhinavagupta l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y hi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 khai tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Shiva.<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 Shaiva Siddhanta, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Th\u1ea7n, linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u1ea9n s\u0129 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t kh\u1ecfi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean ch\u00fang ta.<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o quan tr\u1ecdng trong Shaivism mi\u1ec1n Nam \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 Nayanar, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m th\u01a1 th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5 s\u01a1 k\u1ef3, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh ca b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Tamil ca ng\u1ee3i Shiva v\u1edbi gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p><p>Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u00e1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01b0u t\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kho t\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n<\/span> Shiva mi\u1ec1n Nam \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Shaivism cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng Shiva kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc<\/span> v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p><p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong su\u1ed1t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4286f88 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp4286f88\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3aa6d6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp3aa6d6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u: t\u1eeb Rudra V\u1ec7 \u0110\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Purana<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3b6167d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp3b6167d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfade2ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpfade2ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>H\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Shiva c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy nguy\u00ean trong c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. Trong v\u0103n t\u1ef1 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c Veda, t\u00ean Shiva nh\u01b0 t\u00ean th\u1ea7n ch\u01b0a xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 sau. T\u1eeb <em>shiva<\/em> ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 may m\u1eafn, nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb, v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh t\u1eeb.<\/p><p>Tuy nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n<\/span> V\u1ec7 \u0110\u00e0 mang r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho Shiva: v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n Rudra, m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 g\u1eafn v\u1edbi b\u00e3o t\u1ed1, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng hoang d\u00e3, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho ng\u00e0i nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng qua <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng.\" tabindex=\"0\">l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>. Ch\u00ednh trong nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n xoa d\u1ecbu \u0111\u00f3, Rudra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eb7ng cho bi\u1ec7t danh <em>shiva<\/em>.<\/p><p>T\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c V\u1ec7 \u0110\u00e0 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u1eeb c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng phi V\u1ec7 \u0110\u00e0 kh\u00e1c, h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Shiva c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. M\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trung gian quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 <em>Shvetashvatara Upanishad<\/em>, trong \u0111\u00f3 Rudra-Shiva \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n<\/span> t\u1ed1i cao.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c s\u1eed thi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 <em>Mahabharata<\/em>, v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c Purana, m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5 s\u01a1 k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3. C\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 <em>Shivapurana<\/em> v\u00e0 <em>Lingapurana<\/em> t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i.<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c truy nguy\u00ean v\u1ec1 t\u1eadn n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Indus, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 con d\u1ea5u cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh.<\/p><p>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Shiva l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u00e0i, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u0169 h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 suy t\u01b0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i. Ai mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u Shiva v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi Purana v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00eam<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"\/vi\/ganesha\/\">Ganesha, con trai (\u0111\u1ea7u voi)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/bhairava\/\">Bhairava, kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Shiva<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/mahakala\/\">Mahakala, h\u00f3a th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/kali\/\">Kali, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 n\u1eef gi\u1edbi (kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh Parvati)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/durga\/\">Durga, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u1eef chi\u1ebfn binh (kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh Parvati)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/hinduismus\/\">\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, t\u1ed5ng quan \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/hochgottheiten\/\">C\u00e1c th\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7, ti\u1ec3u m\u1ee5c<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/goetter\/\">Th\u1ea7n linh, t\u1ed5ng quan theo lo\u1ea1i<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Doniger, Wendy: <em>Asceticism and Eroticism in the Mythology of \u015aiva<\/em>. London 1973 (Standardwerk).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Sanderson, Alexis: <em>The \u015aaiva Age<\/em>. In: <em>Genesis and Development of Tantrism<\/em>. Tokyo 2009.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Kramrisch, Stella: <em>The Presence of \u015aiva<\/em>. Princeton 1981.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Lorenzen, David N.: <em>The K\u0101p\u0101likas and K\u0101l\u0101mukhas<\/em>. Berkeley 1972.<\/span><\/li><li>Sambandar, Appar, Sundarar: <em>T\u0113v\u0101ram<\/em>; Manikkav\u0101cakar: <em>Tiruv\u0101cakam<\/em> (Tamil-Bhakti, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3).<\/li><li>Walde, Christine (Hg.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (Lemma \u201e\u015aiva&#8221;).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea trong <a href=\"\/vi\/literatur\/\">danh m\u1ee5c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52a9727 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"52a9727\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ea6358 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3ea6358\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 Shiva<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Th\u1ea7n Shiva trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 ai?<\/h3><p>Shiva l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong ba v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh Brahma (\u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o) v\u00e0 Vishnu (\u0110\u1ea5ng B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n). Shiva l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng H\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng theo quan ni\u1ec7m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i m\u1ed7i ki\u1ebfp th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ea1i.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Shiva: \u0111inh ba (Trishul), tr\u1ed1ng (Damaru), con m\u1eaft th\u1ee9 ba (m\u1eaft tri th\u1ee9c), con r\u1eafn quanh c\u1ed5 (Vasuki) v\u00e0 v\u1ea7ng tr\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee1i li\u1ec1m trong m\u00e1i t\u00f3c. Ng\u00e0i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean n\u00fai Kailash.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>V\u0169 \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Shiva (Nataraja) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3><p>Shiva Nataraja (Ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u0169 \u0111i\u1ec7u) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Shiva, v\u0169 c\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa Tandava c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Chola (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 10-12) m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ng\u00e0i b\u1ed1n tay trong v\u00f2ng l\u1eeda, \u0111ang nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00f9n Apasmara (V\u00f4 minh). M\u1ed7i c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1u mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a: b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n gi\u01a1 cao l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00f9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e8 xu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 minh b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t. V\u0169 \u0111i\u1ec7u l\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.\" tabindex=\"0\">h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Wer ist der Gott Shiva im Hinduismus?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Shiva ist einer der drei Hauptg\\u00f6tter des Hinduismus \\u2014 neben Brahma (Sch\\u00f6pfer) und Vishnu (Erhalter). Shiva ist der Zerst\\u00f6rer, aber im hinduistischen Verst\\u00e4ndnis ist Zerst\\u00f6rung notwendig f\\u00fcr Erneuerung \\u2014 er l\\u00f6st das Universum am Ende eines Weltzeitalters auf, damit es neu erschaffen werden kann. Shivas Hauptattribute: Dreizack (Trishul), Trommel (Damaru), das dritte Auge (Wissens-Auge), die Schlange um den Hals (Vasuki) und der Mondsichel im Haar. Er meditiert auf dem Berg Kailash.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Was ist der Tanz des Shiva (Nataraja)?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Shiva Nataraja (Herr des Tanzes) ist eine der wichtigsten Shiva-Formen \\u2014 der kosmische T\\u00e4nzer, der in seinem Tandava-Tanz das Universum zugleich schafft, erh\\u00e4lt und zerst\\u00f6rt. Die ber\\u00fchmten Bronze-Skulpturen aus der Chola-Zeit (10.-12. Jh.) zeigen ihn vierarmig im Flammenring, tanzend auf dem Zwerg Apasmara (Unwissenheit). Jede Geste hat Bedeutung: der erhobene Fu\\u00df ist Befreiung, der niedergedr\\u00fcckte Zwerg ist die zerst\\u00f6rte Unwissenheit. Der Tanz ist <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ein anschauliches Bild, das f\u00fcr einen abstrakten Gedanken steht.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sinnbild<\/span> des kosmischen Rhythmus.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Shiva, th\u1ea7n trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o Shiva l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u1ea5ng H\u1ee7y Di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 T\u00e1i T\u1ea1o, v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Th\u1ea7n\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c Shiva Shiva l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong ba v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Trimurti, b\u1ed9 ba v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1730,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Shiva","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Shiva - Th\u1ea7n H\u1ee7y Di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 T\u00e1i T\u1ea1o trong Trimurti","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Shiva, th\u1ea7n h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o trong Trimurti c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o. Con m\u1eaft th\u1ee9 ba, v\u0169 \u0111i\u1ec7u Nataraja, Shivaratri v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Shaivism trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"hinduismus","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-89996","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Shiva - Th\u1ea7n H\u1ee7y Di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 T\u00e1i T\u1ea1o trong Trimurti<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Shiva, th\u1ea7n h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o trong Trimurti c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o. 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