{"id":89943,"date":"2026-05-13T20:27:27","date_gmt":"2026-05-13T20:27:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/melqart-than-bao-ho-thanh-pho-tyrus\/"},"modified":"2026-08-03T18:13:55","modified_gmt":"2026-08-03T18:13:55","slug":"melqart","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/vi\/melqart\/","title":{"rendered":"Melqart &#8211; Th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Tyrus"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"89943\" class=\"elementor elementor-89943 elementor-2626 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Melqart, Th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Phoenicia c\u1ee7a Tyrus v\u00e0 'Herakles' c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Phoenicia<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Melqart (ti\u1ebfng Phoenicia <em>mlqrt<\/em>, ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 &#8216;Vua c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1&#8217;) l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Tyrus v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n Phoenicia quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Herakles (&#8216;Herakles-Melqart&#8217;) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Hy L\u1ea1p h\u00f3a v\u00e0 La M\u00e3.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1ea7n linh c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Phoenicia.\">Th\u1ea7n<\/span><a href=\"\/vi\/than-linh-phoenicia\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Phoenicia.\">Phoenicia<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.\">Th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Kh\\u00f4ng t\\u00ecm th\\u1ea5y ti\\u00eau \\u0111\\u1ec1 n\\u00e0o tr\\u00ean trang n\\u00e0y.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tM\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-melqart-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-melqart-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-melqart-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_melqart-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-118352\" alt=\"Melqart \u2013 V\u1ecb th\u1ea7n trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Phoenicia, minh h\u1ecda l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_melqart-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_melqart-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_melqart-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_melqart.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Melqart l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 Phoenicia l\u00e0 Tyrus v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed then ch\u1ed1t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i.<\/p><p>Corinne Bonnet trong chuy\u00ean kh\u1ea3o <em>Melqart<\/em> (1988) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y; b\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng Melqart v\u1eeba l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n, anh h\u00f9ng, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n chthonic c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c sinh. Trong <a href=\"\/vi\/than-linh-phoenicia\/\">truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Phoenicia<\/a>, ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n nam ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Tyrus.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang.\" tabindex=\"0\">T\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 qua to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i theo b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba Tyrus. T\u1ea1i Gades (nay l\u00e0 C\u00e1diz, T\u00e2y Ban Nha) n\u1eb1m ng\u00f4i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd<\/span> Melqart quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y Tyrus; t\u1ea1i Carthage ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n. Maria Eugenia Aubet trong <em>The Phoenicians and the West<\/em> (2001) \u0111\u00e3 ghi ch\u00e9p chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 lan r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i n\u00e0y.<\/p><p>V\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, Melqart \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ki\u1ec3u th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt theo m\u00f9a th\u00f4ng qua l\u1ec5 &#8216;th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh&#8217; (<em>egersis<\/em>) h\u00e0ng n\u0103m v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n. L\u1ec5 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a Melqart v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Herakles c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh do s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac Hy L\u1ea1p &#8211; Phoenicia s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 8 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean.<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a Melqart l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c Tyrus: vua Tyrus \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u1ebf t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a Melqart; l\u1ec5 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m do \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n nh\u00e0 vua c\u1eed h\u00e0nh. S\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec9nh cao ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 nghi l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi Pharaoh Ai C\u1eadp hay <em>pontifex maximus<\/em> La M\u00e3.<\/p><p>C\u1ea3 <a href=\"\/vi\/than-linh-hethite\/\">truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Hittite<\/a> c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1; s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi <a href=\"\/vi\/sarruma\/\">Sarruma<\/a> cho ph\u00e9p r\u00fat ra nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ed3ng thau mu\u1ed9n \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00ean g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>T\u00ean Melqart l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a <em>mlk<\/em> &#8216;vua&#8217; v\u00e0 <em>qrt<\/em> &#8216;th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1&#8217;, ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 &#8216;vua c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1&#8217;. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Tyre, v\u00e0 Melqart l\u00e0 &#8216;vua c\u1ee7a Tyre&#8217; theo ngh\u0129a th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh.<\/p><p>T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tranh c\u00e3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n kh\u1eafc. Trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u1eef h\u00ecnh n\u00eam, \u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u00ean <em>Milqartu<\/em>, trong c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p l\u00e0 Melqart ho\u1eb7c Melkart, trong c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed7n dung th\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p h\u00f3a l\u00e0 Herakles-Melqart.<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1c cho r\u1eb1ng <em>mlk<\/em> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &#8216;vua&#8217; theo ngh\u0129a th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &#8216;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L\u1ec5 v\u1eadt d\u00e2ng th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n, c\u1ea7u xin ho\u1eb7c t\u00f4n k\u00ednh.\" tabindex=\"0\">l\u1ec5 t\u1ebf<\/span>&#8216; (l\u1ec5 t\u1ebf Molk-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L\u1ec5 v\u1eadt d\u00e2ng th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n, c\u1ea7u xin ho\u1eb7c t\u00f4n k\u00ednh.\" tabindex=\"0\">hi\u1ebfn sinh<\/span>), m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a k\u00e9p c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb trong ti\u1ebfng Phoenicia. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00e0y \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 h\u01a1n.<\/p><p>V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Hy L\u1ea1p, t\u00ean \u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng &#8216;Herakles-Tyrios&#8217;, &#8216;Herakles&#8217; ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 th\u1ea7n danh &#8216;Melikartos&#8217;. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Herakles \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean (Herodotos 2.44). Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i Herakles c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p mang nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t c\u1ee7a Melqart ng\u01b0\u1eddi Phoenicia, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn &#8216;ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y&#8217; v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ebft Geryon.<\/p><p>T\u00ean ri\u00eang th\u1ea7n danh Hamilkar \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u1edf Carthage; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh Carthage quan tr\u1ecdng mang t\u00ean n\u00e0y, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Hamilkar Barkas, cha c\u1ee7a Hannibal. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Melqart trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Punic.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Melqart trong bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc Phoenicia th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u00e2u m\u1eb7c kh\u1ed1 ng\u1eafn, c\u1ea7m r\u00ecu chi\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c ch\u00f9y gi\u01a1 cao, \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u1ea7m cung, th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eb7c da s\u01b0 t\u1eed. Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc da s\u01b0 t\u1eed n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec n\u00f3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp chuy\u1ec3n sang truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Herakles Hy L\u1ea1p v\u1edbi da s\u01b0 t\u1eed v\u00e0 ch\u00f9y.<\/p><p>Tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n Tyrus th\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p h\u00f3a, Melqart-Herakles th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ch\u00f9y v\u00e0 da s\u01b0 t\u1eed; tr\u00ean c\u00e1c bia Tofet c\u1ee7a Carthage, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ea1nh <a href=\"\/vi\/baal-hammon\/\">Baal-Hammon<\/a>. M\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 &#8216;Melqart tr\u00ean l\u01b0ng ng\u1ef1a bi\u1ec3n&#8217;, ghi l\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3.<\/p><p>\u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt linh thi\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 s\u01b0 t\u1eed; ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00f9 \u0111i\u00eau \u0111ang b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean l\u01b0ng s\u01b0 t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang b\u00f3p c\u1ed5 s\u01b0 t\u1eed. \u0110\u1ea1i b\u00e0ng c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 sau. Bonnet \u0111\u00e3 ghi ch\u00e9p chi ti\u1ebft s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc; b\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng Melqart trong m\u1ed7i b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p><p>Tr\u00ean &#8216;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m \u0111\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c g\u1ed7 d\u1ef1ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eef kh\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh.\" tabindex=\"0\">bia<\/span> Ye\u1e25awmilk&#8217; n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, vua c\u1ee7a Byblos (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean), tuy kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Melqart xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 gi\u1eefa vua v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n, mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng Phoenicia. Quy \u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb Tyrus qua Byblos \u0111\u1ebfn Carthage.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u00e1c th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i Melqart c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Phoenicia ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1. Eusebius c\u1ee7a Caesarea tr\u00edch d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u1eeb Philon c\u1ee7a Byblos (Praeparatio Evangelica 1.10), trong \u0111\u00f3 Melqart \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 anh h\u00f9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng h\u1ed3i sinh. C\u0169ng theo c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, Melqart th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh (<em>egersis<\/em>) v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ch\u1ebft \u0111i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng n\u0103m.<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng li\u00ean k\u1ebft Melqart v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Tyrus: ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 n\u1ed5i m\u00e0 Tyrus \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 hi\u1ebfn t\u1ebf chim. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t minh ra k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhu\u1ed9m m\u00e0u t\u00edm, m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Phoenicia: m\u1ed9t con ch\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Melqart t\u00ecnh c\u1edd c\u1eafn v\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t con \u1ed1c t\u00edm v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m m\u00e0u t\u00edm.<\/p><p>Trong s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Hy L\u1ea1p v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch Herakles-Melqart, ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> Herakles, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Geryon, trong \u0111\u00f3 Herakles \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i ph\u00eda t\u00e2y (n\u01a1i c\u00f3 Gades sau n\u00e0y) c\u01b0\u1edbp gia s\u00fac t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 ba \u0111\u1ea7u Geryon. M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00ec Gades th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Phoenicia th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba<\/span> ph\u00eda t\u00e2y quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Melqart.<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 th\u01b0 quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 &#8216;Sanchunjaton&#8217; (Sankuniathon), m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u1ebf Phoenicia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n qua Philon c\u1ee7a Byblos. \u1ea4n b\u1ea3n ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Albert Baumgarten cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c Hy L\u1ea1p h\u00f3a mu\u1ed9n, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i Phoenicia, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Melqart v\u00e0 gia ph\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>T\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Melqart \u1edf Tyrus, t\u1ea1i ng\u00f4i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd<\/span> c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Herodotus m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft ng\u00f4i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd<\/span> n\u00e0y (2.44) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn hai c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng ng\u1ecdc l\u1ee5c b\u1ea3o, ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng &#8216;s\u00eew\u00e2n&#8217; n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t quang sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p><p>Hiram I c\u1ee7a Tyrus (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 10 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean) g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd<\/span> Melqart; theo Josephus, \u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p><p>L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng; m\u1ed9t &#8216;ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh&#8217; (<em>mqm-\u02belm<\/em>, &#8216;ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1ng th\u1ea7n d\u1eady&#8217;) th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 quy t\u1eafc, mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">nghi l\u1ec5<\/span>. Vua Tyrus l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt nghi l\u1ec5 trung t\u00e2m. C\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p \u1edf Carthage v\u00e0 Gades; ch\u00fang li\u00ean k\u1ebft Melqart v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1edbi Tammuz\/Dumuzi v\u00e0 Adonis.<\/p><p>T\u1ea1i Carthage, Melqart c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n; kho\u1ea3n c\u1ed1ng n\u1ea1p h\u00e0ng n\u0103m cho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd<\/span> Melqart \u1edf Tyrus v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Carthage duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a La M\u00e3 mu\u1ed9n, l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u1eb9.<\/p><p>T\u1ea1i Gades, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd<\/span> Melqart t\u1ecda l\u1ea1c tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf; Polybios, Strabo v\u00e0 Silius Italicus \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 n\u00f3. Ngay c\u1ea3 sau khi La M\u00e3 chinh ph\u1ee5c, Gades-Melqart v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba<\/span> Hercules v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Hannibal, Caesar v\u00e0 Hadrian vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m.<\/p><p>Vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd Melqart \u1edf Tyrus g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n do c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i; t\u1ea1i Gades, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Sancti Petri ng\u00e0y nay d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Antonio S\u00e1ez Romero trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 apotropaic<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Melqart l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i. Tr\u00ean c\u00e1c con d\u1ea5u ho\u00e0ng gia t\u1eeb Tyrus, ng\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9; trong c\u00e1c t\u00ean ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Phoenicia, th\u1ea7n danh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean (Hamilcar = &#8216;t\u00f4i t\u1edb c\u1ee7a Melqart&#8217;, Bomilcar = &#8216;qua b\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a Melqart&#8217;). T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t c\u00e1c t\u00ean th\u1ea7n danh mang y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 Melqart l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Mang t\u00ednh xua \u0111u\u1ed5i tai h\u1ecda: ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i.\" tabindex=\"0\">C\u00e1c b\u00f9a h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh<\/span> apotropaic d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng con b\u1ecd hung Melqart v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111eo mang ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7t trong nh\u00e0. &#8216;Bia <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m \u0111\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c g\u1ed7 d\u1ef1ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eef kh\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh.\" tabindex=\"0\">Melqart<\/span>&#8216; n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng t\u1eeb Bredsch (Bredja) \u1edf mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc Syria, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m bia v\u0103n kh\u1eafc d\u00e2ng c\u00fang c\u1ee7a vua Aramaic Bar-Hadad cho Melqart, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u0103n bia quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Melqart ngo\u00e0i Tyrus.<\/p><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">Trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i, Melqart l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i cao; c\u00e1c thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Phoenicia d\u00e2ng l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt cho ng\u00e0i khi kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 khi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i. L\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng Phoenicia. iWell Guard ghi nh\u1eadn Melqart nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p><p>Trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd Carthage c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 5 v\u00e0 4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, Melqart xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee9 ba sau <a href=\"\/vi\/baal-hammon\/\">Baal-Hammon<\/a> v\u00e0 <a href=\"\/vi\/tanit\/\">Tanit<\/a>. B\u1ed9 ba th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 Phoenicia (Baal-\u0160amem, Astarte, Melqart) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c m\u1edbi t\u1ea1i Carthage m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea9y Melqart ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ra ngo\u00e0i l\u1ec1.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Herakles Hy L\u1ea1p. Walter Burkert trong <em>Die orientalisierende Epoche<\/em> (1984) v\u00e0 trong nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Herakles Hy L\u1ea1p ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc t\u1eeb Melqart Phoenicia, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Geryon v\u00e0 trong &#8216;C\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Herakles&#8217; (eo bi\u1ec3n Gibraltar), v\u1ed1n ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 &#8216;C\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Melqart&#8217;.<\/p><p>V\u1edbi Gilgamesh Mesopotamia, Melqart chia s\u1ebb <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00f4-t\u00edp<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh h\u00f9ng v\u1eeba ph\u00e0m v\u1eeba b\u1ea5t t\u1eed v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n. T\u1ea1i Carthage, t\u1eeb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, v\u00ec t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Carthage \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec9nh th\u1ea7n ri\u00eang v\u1edbi <a href=\"\/vi\/baal-hammon\/\">Baal-Hammon<\/a> v\u00e0 <a href=\"\/vi\/tanit\/\">Tanit<\/a>; tuy nhi\u00ean Melqart v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n.<\/p><p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, Melqart l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n Phoenicia. V\u1edbi <a href=\"\/vi\/sarruma\/\">Sarruma<\/a> c\u1ee7a <a href=\"\/vi\/than-linh-hethite\/\">truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Hittite<\/a>, ng\u00e0i chia s\u1ebb ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n cho v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n; v\u1edbi Marduk Mesopotamia, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh sau th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i theo m\u00f9a. Trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c quan ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nhau.\" tabindex=\"0\">t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> Hy L\u1ea1p h\u00f3a, ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu &#8216;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n<\/span> d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt&#8217; gi\u1eefa t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Phoenicia v\u00e0 Hy L\u1ea1p.<\/p><p>\u1ede v\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, Melqart d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ean Hy L\u1ea1p l\u00e0 Herakles xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 v\u0103n bia v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n; ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa &#8216;Melqart&#8217; v\u00e0 &#8216;Herakles&#8217; trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Hy L\u1ea1p h\u00f3a th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t. T\u1ea1i Carthage, s\u1ef1 song danh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf c\u1eeda truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Phoenicia cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c li\u00ean minh Hy L\u1ea1p.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n nay<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Melqart hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Chuy\u00ean kh\u1ea3o <em>Melqart<\/em> (1988) c\u1ee7a Corinne Bonnet v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 sau c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c; Maria Eugenia Aubet, Sabatino Moscati v\u00e0 H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Sader \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c v\u0103n bia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 trong c\u00e1c \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Charles Krahmalkov v\u00e0 Wolfgang R\u00f6llig.<\/p><p>Trong ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, Melqart ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn qua s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Herakles v\u00e0 qua c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft Tartessos (g\u1eafn v\u1edbi kho b\u00e1u Carambolo, &#8216;Qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1o v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u1eddn Hesperides&#8217;). T\u1ea1i Liban hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, Tyrus t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft c\u00e1c di t\u00edch kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i Melqart nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c \u00fd ngh\u0129a.\" tabindex=\"0\">bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p><p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khoa h\u1ecdc, Melqart ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trung t\u00e2m cho t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Phoenicia, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc<\/span> v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i. C\u00e1c tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n nay t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Melqart, vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n giao bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc sang truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Herakles Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c khai qu\u1eadt kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba Gades. iWell Guard ghi nh\u1eadn Melqart nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n<\/span>.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n Hy L\u1ea1p h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Tyrus v\u00e0 Carthage c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Melqart, th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi ch\u00f9y, cung ho\u1eb7c m\u0169i t\u00e0u. Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng cho l\u1ecbch s\u1eed bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Melqart.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Josephine Quinn v\u00e0 Brian Doak \u0111\u00e3 xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Melqart trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc Punic v\u00e0 trong v\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac La M\u00e3 &#8211; Phoenicia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Melqart. N\u00f3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean kh\u1ea3o, c\u00e1c \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n v\u0103n bia v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. <em>Melqart<\/em> c\u1ee7a Corinne Bonnet l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean; Burkert x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u00f2ng Hy L\u1ea1p; Aubet x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 lan r\u1ed9ng v\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i; Krahmalkov x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. Chuy\u00ean kh\u1ea3o m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Sader cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ff50c6c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2ff50c6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp202ddb76 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp202ddb76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Egersis, l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a Melqart<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2683cd7c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2683cd7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp27bc6d8a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp27bc6d8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Melqart t\u1ea1i Tyrus l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i h\u00e0ng n\u0103m m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n Hy L\u1ea1p g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>egersis<\/em>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh hay s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i sinh c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng Melqart ch\u1ebft \u0111i v\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p><p>Qua \u0111\u00f3, Melqart thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n C\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang.\" tabindex=\"0\">t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi Adonis hay Dumuzi Mesopotamia.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a egersis ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 La M\u00e3, kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 800 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 600 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean.\" tabindex=\"0\">c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh hay t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang danh hi\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n.<\/p><p>C\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i sinh c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p t\u00e1i d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. M\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ee5c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng.\" tabindex=\"0\">v\u0103n bia<\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1eeb Kition \u1edf Cyprus \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t <em>mqm \u02belm<\/em>, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p><p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, egersis c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Melqart v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay v\u00e0 ban cho ng\u00e0i m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 mang t\u00ednh chu k\u1ef3. Corinne Bonnet trong chuy\u00ean kh\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 Melqart \u0111\u00e3 xem x\u00e9t ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 egersis v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft \u0111i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i.<\/p><p>Gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch v\u0103n h\u00f3a Phoenicia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp25186adb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp25186adb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2e3a4f25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2e3a4f25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Melqart v\u00e0 Herakles, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc k\u00e9p<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp226fa5a4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp226fa5a4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp243726bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp243726bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t Melqart v\u1edbi v\u1ecb anh h\u00f9ng Herakles c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba<\/span> n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Melqart t\u1ea1i Gadir, t\u1ee9c C\u00e1diz ng\u00e0y nay tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n Herakles trong c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p><p>C\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 Herakles, t\u1ee9c eo bi\u1ec3n Gibraltar, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y; ban \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00fang c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Melqart.<\/p><p>L\u00fd do c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t chung c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng anh h\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh xa x\u00f4i, ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn r\u00eca c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 v\u0103n minh c\u00f9ng tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1.<\/p><p>Melqart \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Tyre; \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o Tyre l\u1eadp ra m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 con, t\u1eeb Carthage \u0111\u1ebfn Gadir, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba<\/span> cho \u00f4ng. C\u00f2n Herakles trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 l\u00f5i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u.\" tabindex=\"0\">truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft<\/span> Hy L\u1ea1p \u0111i kh\u1eafp to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1eafn k\u1ebft c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, Melqart th\u00f4ng qua egersis, Herakles th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng th\u1ea7n linh sau gi\u00e0n thi\u00eau.<\/p><p>Gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t h\u00f3a t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng theo c\u1ea3 hai chi\u1ec1u. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u00e9t c\u1ee7a Herakles Hy L\u1ea1p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft gi\u00e0n thi\u00eau, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi Melqart ng\u01b0\u1eddi Phoenicia. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Melqart xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n bia song ng\u1eef, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u0103n bia song ng\u1eef Phoenicia-Hy L\u1ea1p n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng t\u1eeb Malta, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi Herakles.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ee5c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng.\" tabindex=\"0\">V\u0103n bia<\/span> Malta n\u00e0y v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft Phoenicia. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t k\u00e9p Melqart-Herakles do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch hai n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u1eadn ra m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111an xen c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nhau l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp22fd1a8d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp22fd1a8d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2fd95ae4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2fd95ae4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Melqart trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1eeb Carthage \u0111\u1ebfn Tyrus<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp274edf27 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp274edf27\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp27b9f300 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp27b9f300\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Melqart l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Tyrus, v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u01b0\u01a1n xa kh\u1ecfi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y Phoenicia. Khi Tyrus th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Carthage v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u1edbi v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 v\u1edbi v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u1eb9.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u Carthage v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 La M\u00e3, kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 800 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 600 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean.\" tabindex=\"0\">c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n r\u1eb1ng Carthage h\u00e0ng n\u0103m g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba<\/span> Melqart t\u1ea1i Tyrus, m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.\" tabindex=\"0\">phong t\u1ee5c<\/span> gi\u00fap cho m\u1ed1i g\u1eafn k\u1ebft t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gi\u1eefa thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p><p>Cu\u1ed9c v\u00e2y h\u00e3m Tyrus c\u1ee7a Alexander \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf n\u0103m 332 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi Melqart. Alexander mu\u1ed1n d\u00e2ng l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt t\u1ea1i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 \u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 Herakles, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p><p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tyrus t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i cho \u00f4ng v\u00e0o, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c v\u00e2y h\u00e3m k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1ed9t th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i.<\/p><p>Ngay c\u1ea3 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 La M\u00e3, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang.\" tabindex=\"0\">t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> Melqart v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. Septimius Severus xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb Lepcis Magna \u1edf B\u1eafc Phi, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Phoenicia v\u1edbi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang.\" tabindex=\"0\">t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> Melqart ri\u00eang, v\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Phoenicia.<\/p><p>Corinne Bonnet \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u d\u00e0i n\u00e0y t\u1eeb th\u1eddi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed sau th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c s\u1eaft.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0110\u1ed3 s\u1eaft<\/span> s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng Melqart xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n h\u00f3a. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng Phoenicia tr\u00ean to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o (tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li>Corinne Bonnet: <em>Melqart<\/em> (Leuven\/Namur 1988)<\/li><li>Sabatino Moscati: <em>Die Ph\u00f6niker<\/em> (Stuttgart 1966)<\/li><li>Maria Eugenia Aubet: <em>The Phoenicians and the West<\/em> (Cambridge 2001)<\/li><li>Walter Burkert: <em>Die orientalisierende Epoche<\/em> (Heidelberg 1984)<\/li><li>H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Sader: <em>The History and Archaeology of Phoenicia<\/em> (Atlanta 2019)<\/li><li>Charles Krahmalkov: <em>A Phoenician-Punic Grammar<\/em> (Leiden 2001)<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-melqart e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-melqart\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-melqart-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-melqart-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span><\/em> v\u1ec1 Melqart li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i trong l\u1eeda v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang.\" tabindex=\"0\">t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Tyrus v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba Phoenicia t\u1eeb Gades \u0111\u1ebfn Carthage.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef then ch\u1ed1t li\u00ean quan: Melqart Tyrus Phoenicia Herakles Gades th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 egersis th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-melqart\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard v\u00e0 c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard k\u1ebf th\u1eeba truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111eo mang, trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a <a href=\"\/vi\/than-linh-phoenicia\/\">Phoenicia<\/a> v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. 41 l\u1edbp, v\u00e0ng th\u1eadt, b\u1ea1ch kim, b\u1ea1c, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c. Quy\u1ec1n tr\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng trong v\u00f2ng 30 ng\u00e0y.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m y t\u1ebf. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cam k\u1ebft ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m y t\u1ebf<\/strong> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb y t\u1ebf hay t\u00e2m l\u00fd tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u00f3a, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m linh.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Melqart, Th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Phoenicia c\u1ee7a Tyrus v\u00e0 &#8216;Herakles&#8217; c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Phoenicia Melqart (ti\u1ebfng Phoenicia mlqrt, ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 &#8216;Vua c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1&#8217;) l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Tyrus v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n Phoenicia quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Herakles [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2850,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Melqart Tyrus ng\u01b0\u1eddi Phoenicia","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Melqart - Th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 Tyrus v\u00e0 Herakles","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Melqart, 'Vua c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1', l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 Tyrus c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Phoenicia, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Herakles.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"phoenizisch","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-89943","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Melqart - Th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 Tyrus v\u00e0 Herakles<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Melqart, &#039;Vua c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1&#039;, l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 Tyrus c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Phoenicia, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Herakles.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/vi\/melqart\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Melqart - Th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Tyrus\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Melqart, &#039;Vua c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1&#039;, l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 Tyrus c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Phoenicia, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Herakles.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/vi\/melqart\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-03T18:13:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_melqart.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"30 ph\u00fat\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/vi\\\/melqart\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/vi\\\/melqart\\\/\",\"name\":\"Melqart - Th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 Tyrus v\u00e0 Herakles\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/vi\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/vi\\\/melqart\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/vi\\\/melqart\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_phoenizisch_melqart.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-05-13T20:27:27+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-03T18:13:55+00:00\",\"description\":\"Melqart, 'Vua c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1', l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 Tyrus c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Phoenicia, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Herakles.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/vi\\\/melqart\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"vi\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/vi\\\/melqart\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"vi\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/vi\\\/melqart\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_phoenizisch_melqart.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_phoenizisch_melqart.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"V\u1ecb th\u1ea7n trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Phoenicia.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/vi\\\/melqart\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/vi\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Melqart &#8211; 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