{"id":89751,"date":"2026-08-03T01:01:45","date_gmt":"2026-08-03T01:01:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hades-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-03T01:02:05","modified_gmt":"2026-08-03T01:02:05","slug":"hades","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/vi\/hades\/","title":{"rendered":"Hades"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"89751\" class=\"elementor elementor-89751 elementor-1882\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hades, v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Hy L\u1ea1p<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hades l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Hy L\u1ea1p.<\/p><p>Th\u1ea7n cai tr\u1ecb \u00c2m ph\u1ee7, anh em c\u1ee7a Zeus v\u00e0 Poseidon, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft. Hades cai tr\u1ecb c\u00f5i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tranh gi\u00e0nh ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh Olympus; sau chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c Titan, \u00f4ng chia th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c anh em, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u00c2m ph\u1ee7 cho m\u00ecnh.<\/p><p>T\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p e s\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi thay th\u1ebf: <em>Plouton<\/em>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3; <em>Polydegmon<\/em>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u; <em>Eubuleus<\/em>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n kh\u00f4n ngoan.<\/p><p>Hades l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n \u00c2m ph\u1ee7 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p. Hades \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean kia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1ea7n \/ N\u1eef th\u1ea7n: Quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng t\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a trong \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m vi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn, chi\u1ebfn tranh, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5, l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd.\">Th\u1ea7n<\/span><a href=\"\/vi\/griechenland\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Mycenae \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi H\u1eadu c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.\">Hy L\u1ea1p<\/a><a href=\"\/vi\/totengottheiten\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"C\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u00c2m ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb c\u00f5i b\u00ean kia, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn d\u1eaft linh h\u1ed3n.\">Th\u1ea7n c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Kh\\u00f4ng t\\u00ecm th\\u1ea5y ti\\u00eau \\u0111\\u1ec1 n\\u00e0o tr\\u00ean trang n\\u00e0y.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tM\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_hades-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1724\" alt=\"Hades - G\u00f6tter aus der Griechenland-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_hades-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_hades-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_hades-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_hades.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hades<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u1ed5ng quan ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn: Hades<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Lo\u1ea1i:<\/strong> Th\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb \u00c2m ph\u1ee7<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0110i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n<\/span>: Hy L\u1ea1p (m\u1ed9t trong ba anh em, sau Zeus v\u00e0 Poseidon)<br>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: Cai tr\u1ecb \u00c2m ph\u1ee7, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i<br>Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh: M\u0169 t\u00e0ng h\u00ecnh (Aidos-Helm), Bidens (\u0111inh ba hai m\u0169i), v\u00f2ng hoa b\u00e1ch x\u00f9, Cerberus<br>C\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh: Eleusis, Hermione (Argolis), Pylos, Lokroi Epizephyrioi<br>Th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng La M\u00e3: Pluto \/ Dis Pater<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hades \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> Hy L\u1ea1p t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Homer (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 8 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean). T\u00ean <em>Aides<\/em> (&#8220;ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh&#8221;) l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5; trong t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u00e2n gian, \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>Plouton<\/em> (&#8220;ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3&#8221;) nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi uy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u00ean th\u1eadt.<\/p><p>T\u1ea1i Eleusis, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a Persephone trong c\u00e1c huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p h\u00f3a v\u00e0 La M\u00e3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ean Pluto \/ Dis Pater; sang th\u1eddi H\u1eadu c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ean <em>Pluton-Hades<\/em> nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u00c2m ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u00e1c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd<\/span> ri\u00eang d\u00e0nh cho Hades r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm (t\u00ean \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5). C\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh: <strong>Eleusis<\/strong> (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi danh hi\u1ec7u Plouton trong c\u00e1c Huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed Persephone), <strong>Hermione<\/strong> (Argolis, Pausanias \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang.\" tabindex=\"0\">t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u1edd Hades), Pylos, Lokroi Epizephyrioi. T\u1ea1i Eleusis, hang \u0111\u1ed9ng <em>Plutonion<\/em> (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o \u00c2m ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng) v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham quan \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. T\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng La M\u00e3 lan r\u1ed9ng \u1edf Pompeii v\u00e0 Rome (khu Iseum).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu: Hesiod (<em>Theogonie<\/em>), Iliad v\u00e0 Odyssey c\u1ee7a Homer (Quy\u1ec3n XI, Nekyia c\u1ee7a Odysseus), <em>Hymn Homer k\u00ednh Demeter<\/em> (v\u1ee5 b\u1eaft c\u00f3c Persephone), Apollodorus <em>Bibliotheke<\/em>, Virgil <em>Aeneid<\/em> Quy\u1ec3n VI, Pausanias <em>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 Hy L\u1ea1p<\/em>. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p: Sourvinou-Inwood, <em>&#8220;Reading&#8221; Greek Death<\/em>; Garland, <em>The Greek Way of Death<\/em>; Burkert, <em>Griechische Religion<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00ean g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p:<\/strong> \u1f0d\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 (H\u00e1id\u0113s), ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &#8220;ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh&#8221; (t\u1eeb *a-wid- &#8220;kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y&#8221;). Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng \u1f08\u0390\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 (A\u00efd\u0113s). C\u00e1c danh hi\u1ec7u: <em>Plouton<\/em> (ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, t\u1eeb Plutos &#8220;c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i&#8221;), \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t. <em>Polydegmon<\/em> (ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u), <em>Eubuleus<\/em> (c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n t\u1ed1t), <em>Klymenos<\/em> (ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng), <em>Agesilaos<\/em> (ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00e2n ch\u00fang c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft).<\/p><p>Th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng La M\u00e3: Pluto (ti\u1ebfng Latinh Pluto, t\u1eeb Plouton trong ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p); c\u00f2n c\u00f3 Dis Pater (&#8220;ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha gi\u00e0u c\u00f3&#8221;) nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c La M\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Ti\u1ebfng Etruscan: Aita. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 quan tr\u1ecdng: anh em c\u1ee7a Zeus v\u00e0 Poseidon, con trai c\u1ee7a Kronos v\u00e0 Rhea, ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a Persephone (con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Demeter).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o<\/strong><\/p><p>Hades \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 r\u00e2u, ngo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 Zeus nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi v\u1ebb t\u1ed1i t\u0103m v\u00e0 nghi\u00eam ngh\u1ecb h\u01a1n. Tr\u00ean tay \u00f4ng c\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y quy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh chim ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y g\u1eady hai m\u0169i.<\/p><p>M\u0169 t\u00e0ng h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kyklopes, l\u00e0m \u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh; \u0111\u00f4i khi \u00f4ng cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 anh h\u00f9ng m\u01b0\u1ee3n chi\u1ebfc m\u0169 n\u00e0y. C\u1ed7 xe c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng do b\u1ed1n con ng\u1ef1a \u0111en k\u00e9o. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n \u00f4ng l\u00e0 con ch\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c ba \u0111\u1ea7u Kerberos.<\/p><p><strong>B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2<\/strong><\/p><p>Hades kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 &#8220;c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft&#8221; theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Thanatos. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 li\u00eam khi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ai \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 (Orpheus, Herakles, Nekyia c\u1ee7a Odysseus).<\/p><p>Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c anh ch\u1ecb em tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh Olympus, Hades hi\u1ebfm khi can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o chuy\u1ec7n tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf; ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 l\u1edbn duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ee5 b\u1eaft c\u00f3c Persephone, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f9a v\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed Eleusis.<\/p><p><strong>Di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong><\/p><p>Hades \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 r\u00e2u, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9i v\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n (m\u0169 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, Adamant). M\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111en ho\u1eb7c xanh \u0111\u1eadm, m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a \u00c2m ph\u1ee7. \u0110\u1ea7u l\u00e2u, v\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111inh ba hai m\u0169i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p><p>Con ch\u00f3 Kerberos, ng\u01b0\u1eddi canh g\u00e1c ba \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Hades, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. C\u00e2y anh t\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00e2y b\u00e1ch x\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 linh thi\u00eang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng tia s\u00e9t c\u1ee7a Zeus hay \u0111inh ba c\u1ee7a Poseidon, quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Hades tinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n, v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi. \u00c2m ph\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 \u00f4ng; d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Hades l\u00e0 h\u01a1i th\u1edf c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Th\u00f4ng tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: Hades<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Hades trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t. C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f3m t\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o, th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Hades<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hades l\u00e0 con trai c\u1ee7a Kronos v\u00e0 Rhea, anh trai c\u1ee7a Zeus, Poseidon, Hera, Demeter v\u00e0 Hestia. Khi ph\u00e2n chia th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sau chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c Titan, Zeus nh\u1eadn b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi, Poseidon nh\u1eadn bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3, Hades nh\u1eadn \u00c2m ph\u1ee7, theo b\u1ed1c th\u0103m, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i theo l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn.<\/p><p>Ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a <em>Persephone<\/em>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u00f4ng b\u1eaft c\u00f3c t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean tr\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> trung t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 Hades. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c anh em, \u00f4ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 hay h\u1eadu du\u1ec7: b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd trong l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Hades<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb \u00c2m ph\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft (\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Minos, Rhadamanthys, Aiakos), m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft: kh\u00f4ng ai r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n linh (Orpheus, Herakles, Persephone m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n). V\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch <em>Plouton<\/em>, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n, ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t. Trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang.\" tabindex=\"0\">t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> Eleusis, kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ph\u00ec nhi\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Hades<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi m\u00e1i t\u00f3c xo\u0103n d\u00e0y v\u00e0 r\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 Zeus nh\u01b0ng nghi\u00eam ngh\u1ecb v\u00e0 u \u00e1m h\u01a1n. <em>Aidos-Helm<\/em> (m\u0169 t\u00e0ng h\u00ecnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e8n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kyklopes) l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh, l\u00e0m \u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p><p><em>Bidens<\/em> (\u0111inh ba hai m\u0169i, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111inh ba c\u1ee7a Poseidon), <em>v\u00f2ng hoa b\u00e1ch x\u00f9<\/em> (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c \u00fd ngh\u0129a.\" tabindex=\"0\">bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> tang l\u1ec5), trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 <em>qu\u1ea3 l\u1ef1u<\/em> (qua m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Persephone). \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i k\u00e8m b\u1edfi con ch\u00f3 <em>Cerberus<\/em> ba \u0111\u1ea7u. Trong c\u00e1c pinakes Lokroi, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean ngai v\u1edbi Persephone b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh. M\u00e0u da th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1i h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi Zeus.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">S\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng Hades<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/strong> Hades hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea7u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, t\u00ean \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea7u <em>Plouton<\/em> (c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i), <em>Klymenos<\/em> (&#8220;ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng&#8221;) ho\u1eb7c <em>Eubouleus<\/em> (&#8220;c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n t\u1ed1t&#8221;). T\u1ea1i Eleusis, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m v\u1edbi danh hi\u1ec7u Plouton.<\/p><p>Trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang.\" tabindex=\"0\">t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng.\" tabindex=\"0\">kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea7u<\/span> \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft b\u00ecnh an (c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb). Trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 tang, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hi\u1ebfn sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt (c\u1eebu \u0111en, heo). Khi th\u1ec1 nguy\u1ec7n, \u00f4ng hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ean Hades v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 k\u00e9o theo m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Hades<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Aidos-Helm (m\u0169 t\u00e0ng h\u00ecnh), Bidens (\u0111inh ba hai m\u0169i), v\u00f2ng hoa b\u00e1ch x\u00f9, Cerberus (con ch\u00f3 ba \u0111\u1ea7u), qu\u1ea3 l\u1ef1u (qua Persephone), c\u1ed7 xe ng\u1ef1a \u0111en, ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a (\u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f3a \u00c2m ph\u1ee7). Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt: b\u00e1ch x\u00f9, asphodel, anh t\u00fac, th\u1ee7y ti\u00ean (hoa c\u1ee7a Persephone). \u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt linh thi\u00eang: c\u1eebu \u0111en, Cerberus.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u00e1c th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Hades<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Pluto<\/em> (La M\u00e3, ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n), <em>Dis Pater<\/em> (La M\u00e3, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c La M\u00e3 s\u01a1 k\u1ef3), <em>Yamaraja<\/em> (\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft), <em>Yama<\/em> (Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o), <em>Anubis\/Osiris<\/em> (Ai C\u1eadp, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft linh h\u1ed3n + vua c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft), <em>Hel<\/em> (Germanic, n\u1eef ch\u00faa \u00c2m ph\u1ee7), <em>Mictlantecuhtli<\/em> (Aztec, ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 Mictlan), <em>Yanluo<\/em> (Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 Diyu), <em>Ereshkigal<\/em> (Mesopotamia, n\u1eef v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00c2m ph\u1ee7).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hades kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, t\u00ean \u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd<\/span> r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp. Trong \u0111\u1eddi t\u01b0, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu qua hai b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh: c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 tang ma v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed.<\/p><p>Trong tang l\u1ec5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0o mi\u1ec7ng (Obolus c\u1ee7a Charon) l\u00e0m ti\u1ec1n l\u1ed9 ph\u00ed cho Charon, \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n c\u00f3 b\u00e1nh m\u1eadt ong d\u00e0nh cho Kerberos. C\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 tang (Trita, Enata) v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 ba v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn sau khi m\u1ea5t theo sau nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n chthonic. C\u00e1c ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c b\u1eefa \u0103n t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m (Perideipnon) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 c\u00fang \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c Huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed Eleusis, trong \u0111\u00f3 Hades v\u00e0 Persephone \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m, h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean kia. C\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt theo l\u1eddi th\u1ec1 im l\u1eb7ng, nh\u01b0ng Hades v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch <em>Plouton<\/em> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n, \u00edt \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hades, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng trong c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng La M\u00e3:<\/strong> Pluto (ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb Plouton trong ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p) v\u00e0 Dis Pater (h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c La M\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp). S\u1ef1 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi Hades c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p l\u00e0 li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch. Lemuria v\u00e0 Parentalia l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i La M\u00e3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p.<\/p><p><strong>Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Etruscan:<\/strong> Aita (Hades) v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 Phersipnai (Persephone), th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c quan t\u00e0i v\u00e0 tranh t\u01b0\u1eddng Etruscan. Quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u00c2m ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Etruscan \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn La M\u00e3 v\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Hy L\u1ea1p-La M\u00e3 mu\u1ed9n.<\/p><p><strong>Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Mesopotamia:<\/strong> Ereshkigal l\u00e0 n\u1eef ch\u00faa \u00c2m ph\u1ee7 (Kur, Irkalla), kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nam gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. Ch\u1ed3ng b\u00e0, Nergal, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp h\u01a1n v\u1edbi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh Hades. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3.\" tabindex=\"0\">M\u00f4-t\u00edp<\/span> h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh xu\u1ed1ng \u00c2m ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Inanna c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m song song v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Persephone.<\/p><p><strong>Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ai C\u1eadp:<\/strong> Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb gi\u1eefa Osiris (ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch quan t\u00f2a c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng), Anubis (ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn d\u1eaft linh h\u1ed3n) v\u00e0 Hor-em-aha-bait (ng\u01b0\u1eddi canh gi\u1eef ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft). <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa th\u1eddi C\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1eddi Trung \u0111\u1ea1i, kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 7.\" tabindex=\"0\">H\u1eadu c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> Hy L\u1ea1p-La M\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t Osiris v\u00e0 Hades trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c quan ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nhau.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ed7n dung t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> Sarapis.<\/p><p><strong>Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o:<\/strong> Yamaraja l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft (Yamaloka), ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eefu t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean kia. Yamaraja chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi Hades ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb quan t\u00f2a c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, li\u00eam khi\u1ebft; tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Hades, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c \u1edf c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<\/p><p><strong>Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Germanic:<\/strong> Hel l\u00e0 con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Loki, n\u1eef ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft c\u00f9ng t\u00ean Helheim. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 Hades v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c: Helheim l\u00e0 n\u01a1i d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ng\u00e3 trong chi\u1ebfn tr\u1eadn, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdb03aa0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpdb03aa0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9451301 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp9451301\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u1ee5 b\u1eaft c\u00f3c Persephone v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f9a<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1ce65fb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp1ce65fb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0f6c996 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp0f6c996\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 Hades l\u00e0 v\u1ee5 b\u1eaft c\u00f3c Persephone, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 chi ti\u1ebft trong Hymn Homer k\u00ednh Demeter. Hades, ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 \u00c2m ph\u1ee7, y\u00eau Persephone, con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Demeter v\u00e0 Zeus.<\/p><p>V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn ng\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a Zeus, m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u1ee9t ra khi c\u00f4 g\u00e1i \u0111ang h\u00e1i hoa, v\u00e0 Hades \u0111\u01b0a n\u00e0ng l\u00ean c\u1ed7 xe xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1y s\u00e2u. Demeter, n\u1eef th\u1ea7n ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c, tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm con g\u00e1i v\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111au bu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eebng sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111e d\u1ecda n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i.<\/p><p>Zeus bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u1eed Hermes \u0111i \u0111\u00f3n Persephone tr\u1edf v\u1ec1. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chia tay, Hades cho n\u00e0ng \u0103n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t l\u1ef1u. Ai \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u1edf \u00c2m ph\u1ee7 th\u00ec b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3.<\/p><p>V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1t ra: Persephone d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u0103m b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ch\u1ed3ng \u1edf \u00c2m ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh m\u1eb9. Trong th\u1eddi gian ly c\u00e1ch, Demeter kh\u00f4ng cho \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng; khi con g\u00e1i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i n\u1edf hoa.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n (aitiologos), m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean gi\u1eefa m\u00f9a sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed Eleusis, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p.<\/p><p>V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y Hades kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebb ph\u1ea3n di\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i t\u0103m m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh x\u1eed nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f4n phu h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, g\u00ecn gi\u1eef ph\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1. S\u1ef1 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng m\u00e0 \u1edf t\u00ednh t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc0f7b41 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpc0f7b41\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf9ff036 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf9ff036\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0110\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00c2m ph\u1ee7<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c02935 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2c02935\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp15dd9ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp15dd9ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Hades trong quan ni\u1ec7m Hy L\u1ea1p c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a d\u1ea7n qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng.<\/p><p>N\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 <em>Styx<\/em>, d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u0169ng th\u1ec1 nguy\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 vi; ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 <em>Acheron<\/em>, <em>Kokytos<\/em>, d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng than th\u1edf, <em>Pyriphlegethon<\/em>, d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng l\u1eeda, v\u00e0 <em>Lethe<\/em>, d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e8o \u0111\u00f2 Charon \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft sang b\u1edd kia \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng obolos, \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1.<\/p><p>L\u1ed1i v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c canh g\u00e1c b\u1edfi con ch\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u Kerberos, kh\u00f4ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft ra. B\u00ean trong c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf Asphodel l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 b\u00f3ng ma.<\/p><p><em>Tartaros<\/em> l\u00e0 v\u1ef1c s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t, n\u01a1i tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i n\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0 Tantalos, Sisyphos hay Tityos. <em>Elysion<\/em> hay \u0110\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00fac l\u00e0 n\u01a1i d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi may m\u1eafn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t; quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n.<\/p><p>S\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f4ng coi b\u1edfi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb quan t\u00f2a, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 Minos, Rhadamanthys v\u00e0 Aiakos. \u0110\u1ecba h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean kia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng phu n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Trong Homer, \u00c2m ph\u1ee7 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i \u0111\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec7u, u bu\u1ed3n, n\u01a1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng b\u00f3ng ma y\u1ebfu \u1edbt nh\u01b0 nhau.<\/p><p>Ch\u1ec9 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c quan ni\u1ec7m Orphic, Pythagorean v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n \u1edf Pindar v\u00e0 Plato, m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t sau c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. Gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ecdc s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdf5a9d0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpdf5a9d0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb6d7d01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpb6d7d01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u00e1i t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi: Uy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp004bd9e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp004bd9e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpca45407 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpca45407\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hades chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n<\/span> Hy L\u1ea1p. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n Olympian, m\u1ed9t trong ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai c\u1ee7a Kronos, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n chia th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sau khi l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 c\u00e1c Titan: Zeus cai tr\u1ecb b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi, Poseidon cai tr\u1ecb bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3, Hades cai tr\u1ecb \u00c2m ph\u1ee7.<\/p><p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n Olympian kh\u00e1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p ng\u1ea1i ng\u00f9ng khi g\u1ecdi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u00ean \u00f4ng, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i tai h\u1ecda.<\/p><p>Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u00ean thay th\u1ebf. Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 <em>Plouton<\/em>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t, l\u00faa m\u00ec m\u1ecdc l\u00ean t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n.<\/p><p>T\u1eeb danh hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u00ean Latin <a href=\"\/vi\/pluto\/\">Pluto<\/a>. C\u00e1c c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi thay th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 <em>Klymenos<\/em>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, hay <em>Eubouleus<\/em>, c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n t\u1ed1t. Ngay c\u1ea3 t\u00ean Hades c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 La M\u00e3, kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 800 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 600 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e0 &#8220;ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh&#8221;, m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef nh\u01b0ng di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ed1t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y.<\/p><p>V\u1ecb th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd<\/span> v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng ri\u00eang, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c anh em c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. N\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ean Plouton, th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Persephone v\u00e0 Demeter, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n t\u1ea1i Eleusis.<\/p><p>L\u1ec5 v\u1eadt d\u00e2ng cho Hades mang t\u00ednh chthonic, t\u1ee9c h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hi\u1ebfn sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111en, \u0111\u1ed5 m\u00e1u v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ed1 v\u00e0 quay m\u1eb7t \u0111i n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y Hades \u00edt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u xin h\u01a1n. \u00d4ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ed1 gi\u1eef \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn trong nghi l\u1ec5.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd5f7637 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpd5f7637\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpee85b9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpee85b9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o Hades: Orpheus, Herakles v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb v\u01b0\u1ee3t ranh gi\u1edbi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf488011 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpf488011\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdba04dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpdba04dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Hades \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, nh\u01b0ng <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o khi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 r\u1eddi ra.<\/p><p>Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u01b0\u1ee3t ranh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, <em>Katabasis<\/em>, s\u1ef1 xu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed7 s\u00e2u, thu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7.\" tabindex=\"0\">truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> Hy L\u1ea1p. Ch\u00fang cho th\u1ea5y \u00c2m ph\u1ee7 t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft.<\/p><p>Orpheus, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ca s\u0129, xu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed7 s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1 Eurydike tr\u1edf v\u1ec1. Ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng lay \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb \u00c2m ph\u1ee7, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd cho ph\u00e9p quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n: Orpheus kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i ph\u00eda Eurydike tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00ean. Khi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eeda ra, \u00f4ng nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 n\u00e0ng m\u00e3i m\u00e3i b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t.<\/p><p>Herakles, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c th\u1eed th\u00e1ch, \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a con ch\u00f3 canh g\u00e1c Kerberos l\u00ean tr\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a Hades v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay. Theseus v\u00e0 Peirithoos c\u0169ng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft c\u00f3c Persephone, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft gi\u1eef; Theseus sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Herakles gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p><p>Trong <em>Odyssey<\/em>, Odysseus \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn r\u00eca \u00c2m ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean tri Teiresias, v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi b\u00f3ng ma c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00ec ch\u00fang th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean kia qua v\u0103n h\u1ecdc.<\/p><p>Ch\u00fang nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft: ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng anh h\u00f9ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ca s\u0129 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ranh gi\u1edbi trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7, ch\u1ec9 theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Hades xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi canh gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u0169ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea1o ch\u00faa t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00eam<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"\/vi\/persephone\/\">Persephone, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/demeter\/\">Demeter, m\u1eb9 v\u1ee3, \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 trong th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i Persephone<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/charon\/\">Charon, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e8o \u0111\u00f2 trong v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/hekate\/\">Hekate, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh trong th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i Persephone<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/griechenland\/\">Hy L\u1ea1p, t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/totengottheiten\/\">Th\u1ea7n c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft, ti\u1ec3u m\u1ee5c<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/goetter\/\">C\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, t\u1ed5ng quan theo l\u1edbp<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o (tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Sourvinou-Inwood, Christiane: <em>&#8220;Reading&#8221; Greek Death<\/em>. Oxford 1995.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Garland, Robert: <em>The Greek Way of Death<\/em>. London 1985.<\/span><\/li><li>Pausanias: <em>Beschreibung Griechenlands<\/em>.<\/li><li>Vergil: <em>Aeneis<\/em>, Buch VI.<\/li><li>Walde, Christine (Hg.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (Lemma &#8220;Hades&#8221;).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea trong <a href=\"\/vi\/literatur\/\">danh m\u1ee5c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23c2b98 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"23c2b98\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-031b526 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"031b526\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 Hades<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Hades l\u00e0 ai trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> Hy L\u1ea1p?<\/h3><p>Hades (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 A\u00efdes, \u0110\u1ea5ng V\u00f4 H\u00ecnh) l\u00e0 con trai c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Kronos v\u00e0 Rhea, m\u1ed9t trong ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em l\u1edbn trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n<\/span> Olympic. Sau chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c Titan, Zeus, Poseidon v\u00e0 Hades ph\u00e2n chia l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba, Zeus nh\u1eadn b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi, Poseidon nh\u1eadn bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3, Hades nh\u1eadn c\u00f5i \u00e2m ph\u1ee7.<\/p><p>Hades l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft; v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Thanatos. \u00d4ng nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c trong Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 sau, v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn chung c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Hades, Tartaros v\u00e0 Elysium l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3><p>Trong h\u00ecnh dung c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p h\u00f3a, c\u00f3 ba khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh: Hades (Erebos) l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c trung l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Tartaros l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t, n\u01a1i tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1eb7ng (Sisyphos, Tantalos, Ixion) v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 giam gi\u1eef c\u00e1c Titan b\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn.<\/p><p>Elysium (C\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng Elysian) l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c anh h\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh. Lethe (d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1\ub9ddqu\u00ean) n\u1eb1m \u1edf l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o, ai u\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd qu\u00ean \u0111i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 qua. Charon l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i \u0111\u00f2 tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Styx (d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng th\u00f9 h\u1eadn).<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Wer war Hades in der griechischen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Die Gesamtheit der \u00fcberlieferten G\u00f6ttererz\u00e4hlungen einer Kultur.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mythologie<\/span>?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Hades (auch A\\u00efdes, der Unsichtbare) ist der \\u00e4lteste Sohn von Kronos und Rhea und einer der drei gro\\u00dfen Br\\u00fcder im olympischen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Die Gesamtheit der G\u00f6tter einer Religion oder Kultur.\" tabindex=\"0\">Pantheon<\/span>. Nach dem Sieg \\u00fcber die Titanen teilten Zeus, Poseidon und Hades das Reich auf \\u2014 Zeus erhielt den Himmel, Poseidon das Meer, Hades die Unterwelt. Hades ist nicht der Gott des Todes (das ist Thanatos), sondern der Herrscher des Reiches der Toten. Er ist streng, aber gerecht \\u2014 anders als die sp\\u00e4tere christliche H\\u00f6lle ist sein Reich kein Strafort, sondern die universelle Bestimmung aller Toten.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Was ist der Unterschied zwischen Hades, Tartaros und Elysium?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Im hellenistischen Bild der Unterwelt gibt es drei Hauptbereiche: Der Hades (Erebos) ist das neutrale Reich der gew\\u00f6hnlichen Toten. Der Tartaros ist die tiefste Tiefe \\u2014 Straforte f\\u00fcr besonders schwere Frevler (Sisyphos, Tantalos, Ixion) und Gef\\u00e4ngnis der besiegten Titanen. Das Elysium (Elysische Felder) ist der Aufenthaltsort der Helden und Tugendhaften. Die Lethe (Strom des Vergessens) liegt am Eingang \\u2014 wer aus ihr trinkt, vergisst sein vergangenes Leben. Charon ist der F\\u00e4hrmann \\u00fcber den Styx (Strom des Hasses).\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hades, v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Hy L\u1ea1p Hades l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Hy L\u1ea1p. Th\u1ea7n cai tr\u1ecb \u00c2m ph\u1ee7, anh em c\u1ee7a Zeus v\u00e0 Poseidon, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft. Hades cai tr\u1ecb c\u00f5i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tranh gi\u00e0nh ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1724,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Hades","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Hades - Th\u1ea7n cai tr\u1ecb \u00c2m ph\u1ee7, th\u1ea7n c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Hades, th\u1ea7n cai tr\u1ecb \u00c2m ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p. M\u0169 t\u00e0ng h\u00ecnh, Kerberos, Huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed Eleusis v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng Pluto c\u1ee7a La M\u00e3.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"griechenland","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-89751","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Hades - Th\u1ea7n cai tr\u1ecb \u00c2m ph\u1ee7, th\u1ea7n c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hades, th\u1ea7n cai tr\u1ecb \u00c2m ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p. 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