{"id":89723,"date":"2026-08-03T00:58:20","date_gmt":"2026-08-03T00:58:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/kali-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-03T00:58:40","modified_gmt":"2026-08-03T00:58:40","slug":"kali","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/vi\/kali\/","title":{"rendered":"Kali"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"89723\" class=\"elementor elementor-89723 elementor-1996\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kali, n\u1eef th\u1ea7n trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kali l\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o.<\/p><p>N\u1eef th\u1ea7n \u0111en t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ea5ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. Kali l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, hoang d\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t.<\/p><p>V\u1edbi l\u00e0n da \u0111en, chi\u1ebfc l\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111\u1ecf th\u1eabm m\u00e1u th\u00e8 ra kh\u1ecfi mi\u1ec7ng, m\u1ed9t thanh ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc b\u00e1t ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e2u qu\u1ef7 d\u1eef, b\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n cho n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00e1i \u00e1c. B\u00e0 l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Shiva, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng H\u1ee7y Di\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3, b\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i cao, l\u00e0 *Shakti*, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1ea7n \/ N\u1eef th\u1ea7n: Quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng t\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a trong \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m vi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn, chi\u1ebfn tranh, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5, l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd.\">N\u1eef th\u1ea7n<\/span><a href=\"\/vi\/hinduismus\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"C\u00e1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ea7n linh, Asura v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, t\u1eeb V\u1ec7 \u0110\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng.\">\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Kh\\u00f4ng t\\u00ecm th\\u1ea5y ti\\u00eau \\u0111\\u1ec1 n\\u00e0o tr\\u00ean trang n\\u00e0y.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tM\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_hinduismus_kali-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1728\" alt=\"Kali - G\u00f6tter aus der Hinduismus-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_hinduismus_kali-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_hinduismus_kali-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_hinduismus_kali-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_hinduismus_kali.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kali<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u1ed5ng quan: Kali<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Lo\u1ea1i:<\/strong> N\u1eef th\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a M\u1eabu th\u1ea7n Devi, \u0110\u1ea5ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00e1i \u00e1c<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0110i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n<\/span>: \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Shaktism, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o-nghi l\u1ec5 trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.\">Tantra<\/span>), Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o (trong s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp bi\u1ebfn T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng-M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng)<br>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: Ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c qu\u1ef7 d\u1eef, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh<br>Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh: Thanh ki\u1ebfm, \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e2u b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9t, v\u00f2ng c\u1ed5 g\u1ed3m 51 \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e2u, v\u00e1y b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh tay b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t, l\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111\u1ecf th\u00e8 ra<br>C\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh: Kalighat (Kolkata), Dakshineswar (T\u00e2y Bengal), Kamakhya (Assam), N\u00fai Kailash<br>Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a: Parvati, Durga, Mahakali (d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kali \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb <em>Devi-Mahatmyam<\/em> (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 5\/6 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, thu\u1ed9c Markandeya-Pur\u0101\u1e47a) nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Devi; trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> trung t\u00e2m, b\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb v\u1ea7ng tr\u00e1n th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Durga trong tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i qu\u1ef7 Raktabija.<\/p><p>Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Kali M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng (Vamacara): th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 8-12 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. Trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf Bengal; l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i <em>Kali Puja<\/em> l\u1edbn (th\u00e1ng 10\/11, di\u1ec5n ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi Diwali) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Hindu quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p><p>V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u1edd Sri Ramakrishna (t\u01b0 t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n<\/span> Kali Dakshineswar) v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Ramakrishna. Trong c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c \u00fd ngh\u0129a.\" tabindex=\"0\">bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh: <strong>Kalighat<\/strong> (Kolkata, T\u00e2y Bengal, m\u1ed9t trong 51 <em>Shakti Pithas<\/em>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Sati r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng), <strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0110\u1ec1n<\/span> Kali Dakshineswar<\/strong> (ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Kolkata, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u nh\u1edd Sri Ramakrishna), <strong>Kamakhya<\/strong> (Assam, trung t\u00e2m th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng kinh nguy\u1ec7t Devi), <strong>Tarapith<\/strong> (T\u00e2y Bengal, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba<\/span> M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng), <strong>Vaitarna<\/strong> (Maharashtra).<\/p><p>Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf: Hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong m\u1ecdi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Anh Qu\u1ed1c. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1971, c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed7i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n<\/span> ISKCON c\u00f3 gian th\u1edd Devi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu: <em>Devi-Mahatmyam<\/em> (ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh, trong Markandeya-Pur\u0101\u1e47a), <em>Kalika Pur\u0101\u1e47a<\/em>, <em>Mahabhagavata Pur\u0101\u1e47a<\/em>, c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng (<em>Mah\u0101nirv\u0101\u1e47a Tantra<\/em>, <em>Karp\u016br\u0101di Stotra<\/em>). Th\u01a1 ca Kali-Bhakti Bengal th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 (Ramprasad Sen). C\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a Sri Ramakrishna v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m Kali t\u1ea1i Dakshineswar (trong <em>Kathamrita<\/em> c\u1ee7a Mahendra Gupta).<\/p><p>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p: McDermott, <em>Mother of My Heart, Daughter of My Dreams<\/em>; McDaniel, <em>Offering Flowers, Feeding Skulls<\/em>; Kinsley, <em>The Sword and the Flute<\/em>; Michaels, <em>Der Hinduismus<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00ean g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kali \u0111en nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i, l\u00e0n da mang m\u00e0u t\u1ed1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. Chi\u1ebfc l\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111\u1ecf r\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 m\u00e1u th\u00e8 ra kh\u1ecfi mi\u1ec7ng m\u1edf. B\u00e0 \u0111eo v\u00f2ng hoa k\u1ebft t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e2u qu\u1ef7 d\u1eef b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9t, chi\u1ebfc v\u00e1y l\u00e0m t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh tay b\u1ecb c\u1eaft l\u00eca.<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t tay b\u00e0 vung thanh ki\u1ebfm, tay kia c\u1ea7m chi\u1ebfc b\u00e1t h\u1ee9ng m\u00e1u. H\u1ed5 ho\u1eb7c s\u01b0 t\u1eed th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. D\u00f9 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u00f4i khi quanh c\u1ed5 Kali v\u1eabn th\u1ea5p tho\u00e1ng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 vu\u1ed1t ve nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Shiva, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kali l\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 thanh t\u1ea9y. B\u00e0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u1ef7 d\u1eef trong tr\u00e1i tim; kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh u\u1ed1ng m\u00e1u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a si\u00eau h\u00ecnh: b\u00e0 u\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh.<\/p><p>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng Kali kh\u00f4ng mang t\u00ednh b\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh; h\u1ecd nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u1edf b\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u0169 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi. Kali Puja ban \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ebfn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n<\/span> c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t (<em>Moksha<\/em>). Trong c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng, Kali \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd l\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n linh<\/span> t\u1ed1i cao.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Th\u00f4ng tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: Kali<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a K\u0101l\u012b trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t. C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f3m t\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o, s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kali xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong <em>Devi-Mahatmyam<\/em> t\u1eeb v\u1ea7ng tr\u00e1n th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Durga trong tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i qu\u1ef7 <em>Raktabija<\/em> (&#8220;H\u1ea1t m\u00e1u&#8221;); t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i gi\u1ecdt m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i sinh ra m\u1ed9t qu\u1ef7 m\u1edbi, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfc l\u01b0\u1ee1i kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Kali h\u1ee9ng t\u1eebng gi\u1ecdt m\u00e1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i qu\u1ef7 n\u00e0y.<\/p><p>Trong s\u1ef1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, Kali \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 <em>kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Parvati<\/em>, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu c\u1ee7a Shiva. Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng, b\u00e0 l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u1eef t\u00ednh (<em>Mahashakti<\/em>); trong Kashmir Shaivism, b\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng <em>Spanda<\/em>. Kali l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong m\u01b0\u1eddi <em>Mahavidyas<\/em> (c\u00e1c n\u1eef th\u1ea7n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng Kali<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0110\u1ea5ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u sai tr\u00e1i, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 b\u1ecb qu\u1ef7 d\u1eef chi ph\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng: \u0110\u1ea5ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t t\u00ednh v\u1ecb k\u1ef7. Trong th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng, b\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 (Kali l\u00e0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 th\u1eb3ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh).<\/p><p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng s\u01b0 Vamacara (con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea3 ph\u00e1i, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng c\u1ef1c \u0111oan). B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ef7 d\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u1eb1m can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.\" tabindex=\"0\">ph\u00f9 thu\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111en. Trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Bhakti Bengal (Ramprasad, Ramakrishna), b\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1eabu th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec1n t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 trong tranh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>H\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3, da xanh \u0111en ho\u1eb7c \u0111en (<em>k\u0101l\u012b<\/em> = &#8220;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110en&#8221;), kh\u1ecfa th\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 m\u1eb7c v\u00e1y da h\u1ed5. Ba m\u1eaft (m\u1eaft th\u1ee9 ba \u1edf tr\u00e1n). B\u1ed1n tay ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n: trong c\u00e1c tay l\u00e0 <em>thanh ki\u1ebfm<\/em> (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfm cong Khadga), <em>\u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e2u b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t<\/em> (th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u1ef7), m\u1ed9t tay b\u1eaft \u1ea5n <em>varada-mudra<\/em> (\u1ea5n ban \u01a1n), m\u1ed9t tay b\u1eaft \u1ea5n <em>abhaya-mudra<\/em> (\u1ea5n xua \u0111u\u1ed5i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i).<\/p><p>V\u00f2ng c\u1ed5 g\u1ed3m <em>51 \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e2u<\/em> (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi 51 ch\u1eef c\u00e1i Sanskrit), v\u00e1y t\u1eeb <em>nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh tay b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t<\/em>. <em>Chi\u1ebfc l\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111\u1ecf th\u00e8 ra<\/em> (chi ti\u1ebft n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t). M\u00e1i t\u00f3c d\u00e0i r\u1ed1i b\u00f9.<\/p><p>\u0110\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c m\u00faa tr\u00ean th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a <em>Shiva<\/em> (theo m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft: khi nh\u1eadn ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, b\u00e0 x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 c\u1eafn l\u01b0\u1ee1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do l\u01b0\u1ee1i th\u00e8 ra). Xung quanh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 qu\u1ef7 d\u1eef.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/strong> Kali \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea5n trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, b\u00f9a ch\u00fa v\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u1eb1m can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.\" tabindex=\"0\">ph\u00f9 thu\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111en. Trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Bengal, b\u00e0 l\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n linh<\/span> gia t\u1ed9c trung t\u00e2m (<em>Kuldevi<\/em>). L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh: <em>Kali Puja<\/em> (th\u00e1ng 10\/11, \u1edf Bengal c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Diwali \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9).<\/p><p>Puja h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y t\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd. C\u00e1c M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng s\u01b0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 \u0111\u00eam t\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ecfa t\u00e1ng (<em>shmashana sadhana<\/em>). Trong c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ISKCON v\u00e0 yoga hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, b\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea5n nh\u01b0 &#8220;M\u1eb9 V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5&#8221;. Trong c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c \u00fd ngh\u0129a.\" tabindex=\"0\">bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng n\u1eef gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thanh ki\u1ebfm (Khadga), \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e2u b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t, v\u00f2ng c\u1ed5 51 \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e2u, v\u00e1y b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh tay b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t, chi\u1ebfc l\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111\u1ecf th\u00e8 ra, da h\u1ed5, m\u1eaft th\u1ee9 ba, t\u00f3c d\u00e0i r\u1ed1i b\u00f9, ch\u00e9n \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e2u (Kapala), Trishula. Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt linh thi\u00eang: hoa d\u00e2m b\u1ee5t (m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf, l\u00e0 hoa y\u00eau th\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u00e0). \u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt linh thi\u00eang: ch\u00f3 r\u1eebng, qu\u1ea1 (t\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ecfa t\u00e1ng). M\u00e0u linh thi\u00eang: \u0111en, \u0111\u1ecf m\u00e1u.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Durga<\/em> (\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 &#8220;M\u1eabu&#8221; l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0), <em>Parvati<\/em> (d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec1n t\u1eeb h\u01a1n), <em>Bhairava<\/em> (\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i nam), <em>Mahakala<\/em> v\u00e0 <em>Yamantaka<\/em> (Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp bi\u1ebfn M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i nam), <em>Sekhmet<\/em> (Ai C\u1eadp, n\u1eef th\u1ea7n s\u01b0 t\u1eed say m\u00e1u), <em>Ereshkigal<\/em> (Mesopotamia, n\u1eef th\u1ea7n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u1ea7m), <em>Hekate<\/em> (Hy L\u1ea1p, ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u1eb1m can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.\" tabindex=\"0\">ph\u00f9 thu\u1eadt<\/span>), <em>Hel<\/em> (German, n\u1eef ho\u00e0ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u1ea7m n\u1eeda ch\u1ebft). \u0110\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n linh<\/span> n\u1eef v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 v\u1eeba mang t\u00ednh m\u1eabu t\u1eed trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Nghi l\u1ec5 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/p><p>Kali (Sanskrit &#8220;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110en&#8221;) l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Devi\/Mahadevi. Trung t\u00e2m th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n<\/span> Kalighat t\u1ea1i Kolkata (m\u1ed9t trong 51 Shakti Pitha). L\u1ec5 Kali Puja h\u00e0ng n\u0103m (th\u00e1ng Kartik, th\u00e1ng 10\/11, t\u1ea1i Bengal) v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u1ea3 Diwali. S\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng theo M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed bao g\u1ed3m hi\u1ebfn t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt (d\u00ea\/tr\u00e2u n\u01b0\u1edbc), ng\u00e0y nay th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay b\u1eb1ng b\u00ed ng\u00f4 mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (xem Kinsley, <em>Hindu Goddesses<\/em>).<\/p><p><strong>Th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa v\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea5n<\/strong><\/p><p>Kali-Bija-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t \u00e2m ti\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mantra<\/span> &#8220;Kr\u012bm&#8221; c\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c d\u00e0i h\u01a1n &#8220;Om Kr\u012bm K\u0101lik\u0101yai Nama\u1e25&#8221; l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng trung t\u00e2m. <em>Devi-Mahatmya<\/em> (trong Markandeya Purana, kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 6), \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 7-8 (s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Kali t\u1eeb v\u1ea7ng tr\u00e1n Durga, chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng tr\u01b0\u1edbc Raktabija), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp Navaratri. C\u00e1c b\u00e0i ca t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Bengal c\u1ee7a Ramprasad (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18) l\u00e0 ti\u1ebft m\u1ee5c d\u00e2n gian ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p><p><strong>B\u00f9a h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9<\/strong><\/p><p>M\u00e3 n\u00e3o \u0111en ho\u1eb7c m\u00e3 n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ecf (carnelian \u0111en) l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Kali. Trikona-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc d\u00f9ng trong nghi l\u1ec5.\" tabindex=\"0\">Yantra<\/span> (tam gi\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi Bindu) l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ed3ng. Chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e2u (Mundamala, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 50 ch\u1eef c\u00e1i Sanskrit) d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n. Hoa d\u00e2m b\u1ee5t \u0111\u1ecf (japa) l\u00e0 hoa linh thi\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u00e0, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2ng l\u00ean trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 puja.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kali, c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh hoang d\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Kali g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn Hekate c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i hay Morr\u00edgan trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> Celtic, c\u00e1c n\u1eef th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp. Trong huy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, Kali \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi Lilith ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Maria \u0111en t\u1ed1i.<\/p><p>S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn Medusa hay c\u00e1c Fury, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh n\u1eef gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u00e1c; b\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u01a1n th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 lu\u1eadn<\/span>.<\/p><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpad78138 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpad78138\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpaec404b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpaec404b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 Kali v\u00e0 qu\u1ef7 Raktabija<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp91585cf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp91585cf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpcd54d0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpcd54d0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 Kali l\u00e0 <em>Devi Mahatmya<\/em>, m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a <em>Markandeya Purana<\/em>, ra \u0111\u1eddi kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 6 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1edd n\u1eef th\u1ea7n. Trong \u0111\u00f3, Kali xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a n\u1eef th\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n qu\u1ef7 d\u1eef. \u0110o\u1ea1n then ch\u1ed1t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u00e2m linh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c m\u01a1 h\u1ed3.\" tabindex=\"0\">qu\u1ef7<\/span> Raktabija.<\/p><p>Raktabija s\u1edf h\u1eefu n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i gi\u1ecdt m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i sinh ra m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u00e2m linh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c m\u01a1 h\u1ed3.\" tabindex=\"0\">qu\u1ef7<\/span> m\u1edbi gi\u1ed1ng h\u1eafn. Trong tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i n\u1eef th\u1ea7n Durga v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ee3 th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0, h\u1eafn nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n v\u00f4 t\u1eadn: m\u1ed7i v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e2y ra cho h\u1eafn l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebb th\u00f9 m\u1edbi.<\/p><p>Chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng Raktabija v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 k\u1ec3. Trong t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t n\u00e0y, Kali xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, theo m\u1ed9t d\u1ecb b\u1ea3n, b\u00e0 sinh ra t\u1eeb v\u1ea7ng tr\u00e1n nh\u0103n l\u1ea1i v\u00ec th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Durga.<\/p><p>Kali gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 theo c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3: b\u00e0 d\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfc l\u01b0\u1ee1i th\u00e8 d\u00e0i h\u1ee9ng l\u1ea5y m\u00e1u Raktabija v\u00e0 nu\u1ed1t ch\u1eedng nh\u1eefng con qu\u1ef7 sinh ra t\u1eeb m\u00e1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang k\u1ecbp nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n th\u00eam. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Raktabija th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ef7 m\u1edbi n\u00e0o m\u1ecdc l\u00ean.<\/p><p>C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nhi\u1ec1u n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng trong tranh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Kali, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc l\u01b0\u1ee1i th\u00e8 ra. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, n\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y: Kali l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng can thi\u1ec7p khi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. B\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ed5 t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, thay v\u00ec x\u1eed l\u00fd theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7989371 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp7989371\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf7fc47f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf7fc47f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tranh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Kali v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1aa7ece e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp1aa7ece\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3d87502 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp3d87502\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kali s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tranh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o. B\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 v\u1edbi l\u00e0n da t\u1ed1i, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111en ho\u1eb7c xanh \u0111en s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m; t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a b\u00e0, g\u1eafn v\u1edbi t\u1eeb Sanskrit <em>kala<\/em>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111en v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian.<\/p><p>B\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ecfa th\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 m\u1eb7c v\u00e1y l\u00e0m t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh tay b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t, v\u00e0 \u0111eo v\u00f2ng c\u1ed5 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb c\u1eaft l\u00eca. B\u1ed1n tay b\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t thanh ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t, trong khi hai tay c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i b\u1eaft c\u00e1c \u1ea5n th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 \u00fay v\u00e0 ban ph\u00fac.<\/p><p>H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t cho th\u1ea5y Kali \u0111\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c m\u00faa tr\u00ean th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh du\u1ed7i d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n Shiva, l\u01b0\u1ee1i th\u00e8 ra. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3.\" tabindex=\"0\">M\u00f4-t\u00edp<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng Kali trong c\u01a1n cu\u1ed3ng chi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111e d\u1ecda c\u1ea3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Shiva \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n b\u00e0, v\u00e0 khi Kali b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu, b\u00e0 s\u1eefng s\u1edd v\u00ec x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 v\u00e0 th\u00e8 l\u01b0\u1ee1i ra.<\/p><p>Trong c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y mang m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c. Kali \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, <em>shakti<\/em>, c\u00f2n Shiva \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u00fd th\u1ee9c thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f9ng nhau m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c: \u00fd th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u00ec l\u00e0 c\u01a1n say m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng.<\/p><p>Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3, thanh ki\u1ebfm l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t v\u00f4 minh. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.\" tabindex=\"0\">Tranh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay g\u00e2y s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbc75ca4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpbc75ca4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe074dbd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpe074dbd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kali trong M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1edd M\u1eabu c\u1ee7a Bengal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp997156a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp997156a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf043442 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpf043442\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kali c\u00f3 hai b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng huy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc trong \u0111\u00f3 Kali l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n linh t\u1ed1i cao. Trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i m\u01b0\u1eddi <em>Mahavidyas<\/em>, c\u00e1c n\u1eef th\u1ea7n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, Kali \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p><p>Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n linh<\/span> ngay trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\" tabindex=\"0\">t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn Kali qua c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 b\u00e3i h\u1ecfa t\u00e1ng. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang.<\/p><p>B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e2n gian v\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf Bengal, Assam v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, Kali \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea5n l\u00e0 <em>Ma Kali<\/em>, M\u1eabu Kali. D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 ca s\u0129 Ramprasad Sen v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18.<\/p><p>Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn Kali v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m tr\u00ecu m\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed Ramakrishna, m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n<\/span> Kali Dakshineswar g\u1ea7n Kolkata, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\" tabindex=\"0\">t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p><p>\u0110\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Kali Bengal l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i <em>Kali Puja<\/em>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o \u0111\u00eam tr\u0103ng m\u1edbi th\u00e1ng Kartik, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n<\/span> Kalighat \u1edf Kolkata v\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n<\/span> Dakshineswar.<\/p><p>Vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eef th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng v\u1eeba nh\u01b0 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 v\u1eeba nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea5n tr\u00ecu m\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 hai chi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp812a6de e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp812a6de\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdfb273f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpdfb273f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Th\u1eddi gian, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t: th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Kali<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp07c4971 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp07c4971\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd63a1fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpd63a1fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kali v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian. T\u1eeb <em>kala<\/em>, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1i sinh, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian, v\u00e0 Kali \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1eddi gian.<\/p><p>Theo c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i n\u00e0y, b\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 trong s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n: s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 sinh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ti\u00eau vong. M\u00e0u t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, v\u00ec c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi m\u00e0u s\u1eafc h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0o m\u00e0u \u0111en, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0o Kali.<\/p><p>M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao Kali kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay. Trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, s\u1ef1 b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o c\u00e1i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/p><p>Kali, \u0111\u1ea5ng h\u00f2a tan t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, v\u00ec v\u1eady trong di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t: s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c, m\u00e0 b\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4n k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, thay v\u00ec ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf n\u00f3.<\/p><p>M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi b\u00e3i h\u1ecfa t\u00e1ng, n\u01a1i trong nhi\u1ec1u mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 \u1edf c\u1ee7a b\u00e0, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3. N\u01a1i nh\u1eefng thi th\u1ec3 thi\u00eau ch\u00e1y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n ra tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1ea5t. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm Kali \u0111\u00fang t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng tan v\u1ee1.<\/p><p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc, Kali l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt tho\u1ea1t nh\u00ecn ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n s\u1ef1 kinh ho\u00e0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp445c0e5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp445c0e5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp51c9530 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp51c9530\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kali trong ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp09884b7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp09884b7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7411ede elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp7411ede\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n<\/span> Hindu n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u sai nh\u01b0 Kali.<\/p><p>Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 th\u01b0\u1eddng quy gi\u1ea3n b\u00e0 th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kinh ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00e0 v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y theo ki\u1ec3u gi\u1eadt g\u00e2n v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m Thuggee c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0, m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra l\u00e0 b\u1ecb ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u00e0 mang m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e9o m\u00f3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Kali trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i.<\/p><p>S\u1ef1 tham gia h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong n\u1eeda sau c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 David Kinsley \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u Kali trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c n\u1eef th\u1ea7n Hindu, thay v\u00ec coi b\u00e0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Rachel Fell McDermott v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> Kali \u1edf Bengal v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 Ramprasad Sen, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Kali t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa th\u00eam b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u00f3.<\/p><p>Song song v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Kali trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, n\u01a1i b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c \u00fd ngh\u0129a.\" tabindex=\"0\">bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng n\u1eef t\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef.<\/p><p>S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Kali trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u01a1i b\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng nghi l\u1ec5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c \u00fd ngh\u0129a.\" tabindex=\"0\">bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn gi\u1eefa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n<\/span> trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang.\" tabindex=\"0\">nghi l\u1ec5 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng<\/span> Hindu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u1ec1 b\u00e0.<\/p><p>Ai mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u Kali ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00eam<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"\/vi\/durga\/\">Durga, d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/shiva\/\">Shiva, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu, th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n b\u00e0<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/bhairava\/\">Bhairava, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i nam<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/mahakala\/\">Mahakala, ti\u1ebfp bi\u1ebfn M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i nam trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/sekhmet\/\">Sekhmet, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng say m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a Ai C\u1eadp<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/hinduismus\/\">\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, t\u1ed5ng quan \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/goetter\/\">Th\u1ea7n linh, t\u1ed5ng quan theo lo\u1ea1i<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>McDermott, Rachel Fell: <em>Mother of My Heart, Daughter of My Dreams. K\u0101l\u012b and Um\u0101 in the Devotional Poetry of Bengal<\/em>. Oxford 2001.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>McDaniel, June: <em>Offering Flowers, Feeding Skulls. Popular Goddess Worship in West Bengal<\/em>. Oxford 2004.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Kinsley, David: <em>The Sword and the Flute. K\u0101l\u012b and K\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e47a, Dark Visions of the Terrible and the Sublime in Hindu Mythology<\/em>. Berkeley 1975.<\/span><\/li><li>Devi-Mahatmyam (nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch).<\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Coburn, Thomas B.: <em>Encountering the Goddess. A Translation of the Dev\u012b-M\u0101h\u0101tmya<\/em>. Albany 1991.<\/span><\/li><li>Walde, Christine (Hg.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (Lemma &#8220;K\u0101l\u012b&#8221;).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea trong <a href=\"\/vi\/literatur\/\">danh m\u1ee5c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a0d6b7 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7a0d6b7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2e501e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a2e501e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 Kali<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>N\u1eef th\u1ea7n Kali trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 ai?<\/h3><p>Kali (t\u1eeb kala, th\u1eddi gian, \u0111en) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1eef th\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i n\u1eef th\u1ea7n (Mahadevi).<\/p><p>\u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc: b\u1ed1n ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n b\u1ed1n c\u00e1nh tay, tr\u00ean tay c\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t thanh ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con qu\u1ef7 b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9t, m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng c\u1ed5 l\u00e0m t\u1eeb h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc t\u1ea1p d\u1ec1 l\u00e0m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh tay b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9t, chi\u1ebfc l\u01b0\u1ee1i th\u00e8 ra, l\u00e0n da \u0111en ho\u1eb7c xanh \u0111\u1eadm. Kali th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean Shiva, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u01a1n th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a b\u00e0.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Kali c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec?<\/h3><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.\" tabindex=\"0\">Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc<\/span> \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 mang m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u00e2m linh: Kali l\u00e0 k\u1ebb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng (Maya) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i t\u00f4i. Thanh ki\u1ebfm ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 minh, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf, v\u00f2ng c\u1ed5 h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i Sanskrit, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p><p>Chi\u1ebfc l\u01b0\u1ee1i th\u00e8 ra l\u00e0 c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 (B\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean Shiva). Trong Tantra, Kali l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng; b\u00e0 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t v\u00ec t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u00e1c \u00fd n\u00e0o.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Wer ist die G\\u00f6ttin Kali im Hinduismus?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Kali (von kala \\u2014 Zeit, schwarz) ist eine der m\\u00e4chtigsten G\\u00f6ttinnen des Hinduismus \\u2014 die schreckliche Form der gro\\u00dfen G\\u00f6ttin (Mahadevi). Ikonografisch typisch: vier oder mehr Arme, in den H\\u00e4nden ein Schwert und der abgeschlagene Kopf eines D\\u00e4mons, eine Halskette aus Sch\\u00e4deln, ein Schurz aus abgeschlagenen Armen, die ausgestreckte Zunge, schwarze oder dunkelblaue Haut. Kali steht meist auf Shiva, ihrem Gemahl, der sich unter sie geworfen hat, um ihre vernichtende Wut zu stoppen.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Was bedeutet die Symbolik von Kalis erschreckendem Aussehen?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Die schreckliche <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Lehre von den Bildinhalten und ihrer Bedeutung.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ikonografie<\/span> hat eine spirituelle Bedeutung: Kali ist die Zerst\\u00f6rerin der Illusion (Maya) und der Ego-Anhaftungen. Das Schwert zerschneidet die Unwissenheit, die abgeschlagenen K\\u00f6pfe sind die abgelegten Ego-Bindungen, die Sch\\u00e4delhalskette steht f\\u00fcr die Buchstaben des Sanskrit-Alphabets \\u2014 Sprache als kosmische Macht. Die ausgestreckte Zunge ist Schamgeste (Sie erkennt, dass sie auf Shiva steht). Im Tantra ist Kali die Befreierin \\u2014 sie zerst\\u00f6rt nicht aus Bosheit, sondern aus Liebe zur Wahrheit.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kali, n\u1eef th\u1ea7n trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o Kali l\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o. N\u1eef th\u1ea7n \u0111en t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ea5ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. Kali l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, hoang d\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1728,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Kali","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Kali - N\u1eef th\u1ea7n H\u1ee7y Di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 Th\u1eddi Gian trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Kali, n\u1eef th\u1ea7n h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o. 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