{"id":89602,"date":"2026-08-03T00:47:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-03T00:47:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/mara-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-03T00:47:20","modified_gmt":"2026-08-03T00:47:20","slug":"mara","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/vi\/mara\/","title":{"rendered":"Mara"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"89602\" class=\"elementor elementor-89602 elementor-1207\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mara, th\u1ea7n trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>K\u1ebb c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1, Ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"dif-mara\">Mara c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/h2>\n<p>C\u1ea3nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Mara l\u00e0 <strong>s\u1ef1 c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Siddhartha<\/strong> d\u01b0\u1edbi <strong>c\u1ed9i B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1<\/strong> t\u1ea1i Bodhgaya. Ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p theo <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span>: th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng <strong>\u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n qu\u1ef7 d\u1eef<\/strong> (Trishna, Raga, Arati, ham mu\u1ed1n, d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c, ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t); th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1i <strong>ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i<\/strong> (Tanha, Arati, Raga) v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng quy\u1ebfn r\u0169; th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c qua nghi ng\u1edd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi (&#8220;Ai l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n cho c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i?&#8221;).<\/p><p>Siddhartha ch\u1ea1m tay xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t, <em>bh\u016bmispar\u015ba-mudr\u0101<\/em>, v\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Mara th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. B\u1ed1n \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Mara l\u00e0 <em>k\u0101ma<\/em> (ham mu\u1ed1n), <em>arati<\/em> (b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n), <em>k\u1e63ut-pip\u0101s\u0101<\/em> (\u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t), <em>t\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e47\u0101<\/em> (tham \u00e1i). Trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, Mara \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh <strong>b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i Mara<\/strong>: Skandha-Mara (n\u0103m u\u1ea9n), Klesha-Mara (phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o), Mrityu-Mara (c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft), Devaputra-Mara (s\u1ef1 c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 t\u1eeb c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi). Trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, Mara v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1ea7n \/ N\u1eef th\u1ea7n: Quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng t\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a trong \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m vi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn, chi\u1ebfn tranh, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5, l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd.\">Th\u1ea7n<\/span><a href=\"\/vi\/buddhismus\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t, th\u1ea7n h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p, ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi canh gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c.\">Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/a><a href=\"\/vi\/anti-goetter\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"C\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 trong thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\">Ph\u1ea3n-th\u1ea7n<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Kh\\u00f4ng t\\u00ecm th\\u1ea5y ti\\u00eau \\u0111\\u1ec1 n\\u00e0o tr\\u00ean trang n\\u00e0y.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tM\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 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elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_mara-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1554\" alt=\"Mara - G\u00f6tter aus der Buddhismus-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_mara-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_mara-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_mara-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_mara.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mara<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mara l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch trung t\u00e2m trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. C\u1ea3nh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9: D\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ea1i Bodhgaya, Mara ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u1ee9c ham mu\u1ed1n, ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t, tham lam, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh kh\u00e1c theo gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p.\">B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh kh\u00e1c theo gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p.\">B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t<\/span> ch\u1ea1m tay xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n, m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t rung chuy\u1ec3n, Mara r\u00fat lui. C\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t iconography tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc trung t\u00e2m.<\/p><p>Mara kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n-th\u1ea7n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 theo ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed9c th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a <em>Kamadhatu<\/em> (d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi), m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Deva \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u1ebb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng do s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n.<\/p><p>Trong c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i Mara: Skandha-Mara (c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n), Kleshamara (c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o), Marana-Mara (c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft), Devaputra-Mara (Deva-Mara, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u1ec1 Mara tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft: Mara<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Lo\u1ea1i:<\/strong> K\u1ebb c\u00e1m d\u1ed7, Ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi gi\u00e1c quan<br>Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c: Deva c\u1ee7a Kamadhatu; theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n: sa ng\u00e3 v\u00ec ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o<br>B\u1ed1n Mara: Skandha, Klesha, Marana, Devaputra<br>V\u0103n b\u1ea3n: Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u00e1c kinh s\u00e1ch thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kanon<\/span> (Padhana Sutta), Lalitavistara, Jatakas<br>Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3: Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean). Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"B\u1ed9 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kanon<\/span> (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 1 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean) v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh v\u1ec1 Mara. C\u00e1c kinh <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"'\u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba'; m\u1ed9t trong ba truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, v\u1edbi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n t\u01b0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.\">\u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam (Lalitavistara, Saddharmapundarika). <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"'Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eeba'; h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Yidam v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt M\u1eadt ch\u00fa l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m.\">Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eeba<\/span> t\u00edch h\u1ee3p Mara v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9; theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o lan sang Sri Lanka, \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1, T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Mara kh\u1eafp ch\u00e2u \u00c1, tranh t\u01b0\u1eddng <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">ch\u00f9a<\/span> Th\u00e1i Lan, thangka T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, tranh kh\u1eafc g\u1ed7 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Padhana Sutta (Sutta Nipata), Mara-Samyutta (Samyutta Nikaya), nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Jataka, Lalitavistara (ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt theo <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba; m\u1ed9t trong ba truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, v\u1edbi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t.\">\u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span>), truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00ean g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sanskrit v\u00e0 Pali:<\/strong> <em>M\u0101ra<\/em>.<br>Bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u: Papiyas (&#8220;k\u1ebb x\u1ea5u xa h\u01a1n&#8221;), Kanha (&#8220;k\u1ebb \u0111en t\u1ed1i&#8221;), Namuci (&#8220;k\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t&#8221;), Antaka (&#8220;c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft&#8221;).<br>B\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i Mara (gi\u00e1o l\u00fd T\u1ee9 Ma): Skandha-Mara (c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i), Kleshamara (c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o tinh th\u1ea7n), Marana-Mara (c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft), Devaputra-Mara (Mara v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n).<br>\u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1: ti\u1ebfng Trung \u9b54 (<em>Mo<\/em>), ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt <em>Ma<\/em>.<\/p><p>Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd T\u1ee9 Ma bi\u1ebfn Mara th\u00e0nh h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n: m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i sao Mara kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o<\/strong><\/p><p>L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Deva \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf uy nghi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, tr\u1ebb trung, r\u1ea1ng r\u1ee1. Trong l\u00fac t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt: c\u01b0\u1ee1i voi, v\u1edbi \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n h\u00f9ng h\u1eadu, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c con g\u00e1i. D\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9: kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp, mang v\u0169 kh\u00ed, phun l\u1eeda. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.\" tabindex=\"0\">Iconography<\/span> bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1eebng \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh.<\/p><p><strong>H\u00e0nh vi<\/strong><\/p><p>Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh t\u00e2m l\u00fd. Mara ph\u00e1i nh\u1eefng k\u00edch th\u00edch gi\u00e1c quan, n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, t\u1ef1 nghi ng\u1edd, ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n, t\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i. Ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i Tanha (ham mu\u1ed1n), Arati (ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t), Raga (tham lam) minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh.<\/p><p><strong>Ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/strong><\/p><p>To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi (Kamadhatu) l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Mara. Quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Mara lan r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh c\u00f2n b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1eeda gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 hay trong thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e2u, Mara t\u1ecf ra \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c.<\/p><p><strong>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/p><p>Mara l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Deva, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u00e2m linh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c m\u01a1 h\u1ed3.\" tabindex=\"0\">qu\u1ef7 d\u1eef<\/span> theo ngh\u0129a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Mara k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc (Ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi) v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd (\u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i). Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, sau khi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, Mara th\u1eadm ch\u00ed tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i t\u00e2m.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Th\u00f4ng tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: Mara<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Mara t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nhanh.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Mara<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Deva c\u1ee7a Kamadhatu, Ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 sa ng\u00e3 v\u00ec ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n. Trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng: B\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i Mara l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh c\u00f2n b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1eeda gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Deva \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf uy nghi; c\u01b0\u1ee1i voi c\u00f9ng \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n; c\u00f9ng ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i (ham mu\u1ed1n, ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t, tham lam). D\u1ea1ng ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn binh \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 qua g\u1ee3i \u00fd: n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, nghi ng\u1edd, ham mu\u1ed1n, ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n. Tinh vi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e2m l\u00fd, th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u t\u1eebng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u1ea4n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ecba (Bhumisparsha-Mudra), t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc kinh Paritta, Metta-Bhavana (thi\u1ec1n t\u1eeb bi), tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/vi\/satan\/\">Satan<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/vi\/iblis\/\">Iblis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/vi\/apophis\/\">Apophis<\/a>, Kama trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ea7n t\u00ecnh y\u00eau.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1ee8ng ph\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nghi l\u1ec5<\/strong><\/p><p>T\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc kinh Paritta (Theravada) trong nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc quan tr\u1ecdng. Ratana Sutta (&#8220;Kinh Ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u&#8221;) v\u00e0 Karaniya Metta Sutta l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kinh b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 trung t\u00e2m. Trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng.\" tabindex=\"0\">c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u00e1c B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t (Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri) ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Mara.<\/p><p><strong>Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong><\/p><p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p &#8220;\u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb&#8221; Mara quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t. Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m (sati), tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n (vipassana), t\u1eeb t\u00e2m (metta), c\u1ea3 ba \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Mara v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1m d\u1ed7. \u1ea4n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y.<\/p><p><strong>Chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a theo Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eeba<\/strong><\/p><p>Trong c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Mara kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 (Yamantaka, Heruka). H\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Mara nh\u01b0ng \u1edf d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o:<\/strong> Satan v\u00e0 Iblis c\u00f3 chung ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng k\u1ebb c\u00e1m d\u1ed7. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t: Mara ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 K\u1ef3 Na gi\u00e1o, lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng: M\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfp theo.\">nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n-th\u1ea7n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Mara mang t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea5u xa theo ngh\u0129a tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p><p><strong>Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i t\u00e2m l\u00fd:<\/strong> C\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (Bhikkhu Bodhi, Stephen Batchelor) \u0111\u1ecdc Mara ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu theo ngh\u0129a t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc: t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho Mara tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p><p><strong>Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang:<\/strong> C\u1ea3nh Mara t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb Gandhara (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 2-5) qua Borobudur \u0111\u1ebfn manga Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Trong tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft fantasy, Mara l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt quen thu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa5b4d88 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa5b4d88\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb5d02f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpb5d02f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">S\u1ef1 c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp761498e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp761498e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp96af027 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp96af027\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0110o\u1ea1n kinh trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1ec1 Mara l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Mara v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u01b0a gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, t\u1ee9c B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Siddhartha Gautama, trong \u0111\u00eam tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u00e0i gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e2y sung t\u1ea1i Bodhgaya.<\/p><p>C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n trong nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 <em>Padhana Sutta<\/em> c\u1ee7a Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1 sau nh\u01b0 <em>Buddhacarita<\/em> c\u1ee7a Ashvaghosha v\u00e0 <em>Lalitavistara<\/em>.<\/p><p>Mara nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Mara \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sinh t\u1eed. Mara tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng qu\u1ef7 d\u1eef t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u0169 kh\u00ed, b\u00e3o t\u1ed1, l\u1eeda v\u00e0 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i.<\/p><p>Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh hoa khi ch\u00fang ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111ang thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Sau \u0111\u00f3 Mara ph\u00e1i c\u00e1c con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tanha, Arati v\u00e0 Raga (ham mu\u1ed1n, ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t, d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c), \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 v\u1ecb kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p><p>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng Mara \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean ch\u1ed7 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t ch\u1ea1m tay ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n cho c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch l\u0169y qua v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng. M\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn, Mara th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 r\u00fat lui.<\/p><p>C\u1eed ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y, <em>bhumisparsha mudra<\/em>, \u1ea5n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ecba, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa43bb8d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa43bb8d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0af113c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp0af113c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mara nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd t\u00e2m l\u00fd trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp920e0d7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp920e0d7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp97daf06 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp97daf06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali, Mara kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt tr\u1ea7n thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m gi\u00e1o l\u00fd. T\u1eeb <em>mara<\/em> b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 k\u1ebb gi\u1ebft ch\u00f3c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. Mara th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang sinh v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i sinh t\u1eed.<\/p><p>Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i Mara. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ed3m Mara v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n<\/span> (<em>devaputta-mara<\/em>), Mara v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch n\u0103m u\u1ea9n (<em>khandha-mara<\/em>), Mara v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o tinh th\u1ea7n (<em>kilesa-mara<\/em>) v\u00e0 Mara v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft (<em>maccu-mara<\/em>).<\/p><p>Mara do \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1eadt ng\u1eef cho c\u00e1c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p><p>Trong <em>Samyutta Nikaya<\/em> c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 ng\u1eafn trong \u0111\u00f3 Mara xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u0103ng ni c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y b\u1ea5t an, l\u00e0m xao l\u00e3ng ho\u1eb7c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nghi ng\u1edd. \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9: H\u1ecd \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1eadn ra Mara, x\u01b0ng h\u00f4 v\u1edbi Mara, v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 Mara m\u1ea5t \u0111i quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p><p>Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Theravada th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng.\" tabindex=\"0\">T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc<\/span> nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o s\u01a1 k\u1ef3, t\u1ea7ng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 hai m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc0e6bee e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpc0e6bee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp660c692 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp660c692\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a Mara trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc2284b1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpc2284b1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp89354b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp89354b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, Mara kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch si\u00eau th\u1ebf gian m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. Mara \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi <em>Paranirmita-vasavartin<\/em>. Mara do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sinh h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u00e0i v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t t\u1eed v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p><p>S\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Mara trong vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb n\u00e0y. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o ch\u00fang sinh c\u00f2n \u1edf trong v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, h\u1ecd c\u00f2n trong ph\u1ea1m vi th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Mara. Ai \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t s\u1ebd tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3. Do \u0111\u00f3 Mara kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u00e1c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i theo ngh\u0129a nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/p><p>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ee9ng ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1i thi\u1ec7n. Mara h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Mara kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t k\u1ebb th\u00f9 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Mara.<\/p><p>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 sau, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Mara v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sinh gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p Mara v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi, v\u00ec ngay c\u1ea3 Mara c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sinh \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng trong v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng xa x\u00f4i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt m\u00e0 <a href=\"\/vi\/erzengel-michael\/\">c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o<\/a> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00eam<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/vi\/buddhismus\/\">Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/preta\/\">Preta<\/a>, Yamad\u016bta, <a href=\"\/vi\/naraka-waechter\/\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi canh gi\u1eef Naraka<\/a>, <a href=\"\/vi\/dakini\/\">Dakini<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/vi\/satan\/\">Satan<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/vi\/iblis\/\">Iblis<\/a> (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00e1m d\u1ed7)<\/li><li>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1<\/li><li>Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd T\u1ee9 Ma (Skandha, Klesha, Marana, Devaputra)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 Mara:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Boyd, James W.: <em>Satan and M\u0101ra. Christian and Buddhist Symbols of Evil<\/em>. Leiden 1975.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Ling, T. O.: <em>Buddhism and the Mythology of Evil<\/em>. London 1962.<\/span><\/li><li>Nyanaponika Thera: <em>The Four Nutriments of Life<\/em>. Kandy 1981.<\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Walshe, Maurice: <em>The Long Discourses of the Buddha<\/em>. Boston 1995 (\u00dcbers. Digha Nikaya).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Rhys Davids, Thomas W.: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sacred-texts.com\/bud\/sbe11\/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Buddhist Suttas<\/a><\/em>. Oxford 1881.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea trong <a href=\"\/vi\/literatur\/\">danh m\u1ee5c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b29ad2f e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b29ad2f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b50593 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9b50593\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 Mara<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Mara l\u00e0 ai trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o?<\/h3><p>Mara (Sanskrit c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, k\u1ebb c\u00e1m d\u1ed7) trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u00e1m d\u1ed7, s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft.<\/p><p>Mara \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, b\u1eb1ng \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n qu\u1ef7 d\u1eef, b\u1eb1ng ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i (ham mu\u1ed1n, ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t, d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c) v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ea1m tay xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ecdi ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng Mara qua s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>B\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i Mara trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3><p>Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1ed1n kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Mara: (1) Skandha-Mara, s\u1ef1 c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 b\u1edfi n\u0103m u\u1ea9n (s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c); (2) Klesha-Mara, s\u1ef1 c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o (tham, s\u00e2n, si); (3) Mrtyu-Mara, ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft; (4) Devaputra-Mara, k\u1ebb c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 t\u1eeb c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi (nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a). C\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Mara l\u00e0 ai trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Mara (Sanskrit c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, k\u1ebb c\u00e1m d\u1ed7) trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u00e1m d\u1ed7, s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. Mara \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, b\u1eb1ng \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n qu\u1ef7 d\u1eef, b\u1eb1ng ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i (ham mu\u1ed1n, ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t, d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c) v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ea1m tay xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ecdi ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng Mara qua s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"B\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i Mara trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1ed1n kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Mara: (1) Skandha-Mara, s\u1ef1 c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 b\u1edfi n\u0103m u\u1ea9n (s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c); (2) Klesha-Mara, s\u1ef1 c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o (tham, s\u00e2n, si); (3) Mrtyu-Mara, ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft; (4) Devaputra-Mara, k\u1ebb c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 t\u1eeb c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi (nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a). C\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mara, th\u1ea7n trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o K\u1ebb c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1, Ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi. Mara c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt C\u1ea3nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Mara l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Siddhartha d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ea1i Bodhgaya. Ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p theo kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n: th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1554,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Mara k\u1ebb c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Mara - Th\u1ea7n trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Mara l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch trung t\u00e2m trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. 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