{"id":89482,"date":"2026-08-03T00:38:40","date_gmt":"2026-08-03T00:38:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/nergal-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-03T00:39:01","modified_gmt":"2026-08-03T00:39:01","slug":"nergal","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/vi\/nergal\/","title":{"rendered":"Nergal"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"89482\" class=\"elementor elementor-89482 elementor-1962\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nergal, th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Mesopotamia<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nergal l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Mesopotamia.<\/p><p><strong>Th\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn tranh, k\u1ebb mang d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh, \u0111\u1ed3ng cai tr\u1ecb \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1ee7.<\/strong> Nergal l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n k\u00e9p \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Mesopotamia, tr\u00ean mang g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch l\u1ec7, d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n cai qu\u1ea3n t\u1ed1i t\u0103m Irkalla b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh Ereshkigal.<\/p><p>Ng\u00e0i kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 thu\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 hoang d\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng qua h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi n\u1eef v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1ee7 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh s\u1ee3 nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Khi Nergal n\u1ed5i c\u01a1n th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9, d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh, chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft s\u1ebd theo sau.<\/p><p>Nergal v\u1eeba l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u1eeba l\u00e0 vua \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1ee7 b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh Ereshkigal. V\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 vua \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1ee7 b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh Ereshkigal, Nergal \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Mesopotamia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1ea7n \/ N\u1eef th\u1ea7n: Quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng t\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a trong \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m vi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn, chi\u1ebfn tranh, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5, l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd.\">Th\u1ea7n<\/span><a href=\"\/vi\/mesopotamien\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"C\u00e1i n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p, Sumer, Akkad, Babylon, Assyria (kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 3500 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 330 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean).\">Mesopotamia<\/a><a href=\"\/vi\/totengottheiten\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"C\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb cai tr\u1ecb c\u00f5i sau, quan t\u00f2a ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, k\u1ebb d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho linh h\u1ed3n.\">Th\u1ea7n cai qu\u1ea3n c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Kh\\u00f4ng t\\u00ecm th\\u1ea5y ti\\u00eau \\u0111\\u1ec1 n\\u00e0o tr\\u00ean trang n\\u00e0y.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tM\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_nergal-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1736\" alt=\"Nergal - G\u00f6tter aus der Mesopotamien-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_nergal-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_nergal-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_nergal-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_nergal.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nergal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u1ed5ng quan ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn: Nergal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Lo\u1ea1i:<\/strong> Th\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Mesopotamia, th\u1ea7n d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh, chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1ee7<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0110i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n<\/span>: Sumer, Akkad, Babylon (hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c)<br>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: D\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 \u1ed1m \u0111au, chi\u1ebfn tranh, cai qu\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1ee7 (phu qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ereshkigal)<br>\u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh: Ch\u00f9y \u0111\u1ea7u s\u01b0 t\u1eed, ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f4i, b\u1ea3y t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng \u00e1c qu\u1ef7 d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh<br>C\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh: Kuthu (trung t\u00e2m th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh), Babylon, Ur<br>\u0110\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u00ean v\u0103n: Sao H\u1ecfa (Salbatanu)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nergal \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Akkad c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i (thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean). <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi n\u1eef v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1ee7 <em>Ereshkigal<\/em>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 trong thi\u00ean s\u1eed thi <em>Nergal v\u00e0 Ereshkigal<\/em> (b\u1ea3n Assyria trung k\u1ef3, kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 14 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean). V\u00e0o th\u1eddi Babylon c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam; trong th\u1eddi T\u00e2n Babylon ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Trung t\u00e2m th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 <strong>Kuthu<\/strong> (nay l\u00e0 Tell Ibrahim, ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Babylon), &#8220;th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Nergal&#8221;, c\u1eeda v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1ee7 theo t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Babylon. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 Babylon (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd<\/span> trong qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 Esagila), Ur, Susa (Elam), Mari. Trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp v\u1edbi t\u00ean <em>Nergal<\/em> (2 Vua 17,30), trong danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Assyria b\u1ecb l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y mang \u0111\u1ebfn Samaria.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu: s\u1eed thi <em>Nergal v\u00e0 Ereshkigal<\/em> (c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n Assyria trung k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Babylon h\u1eadu k\u1ef3), <em>S\u1eed thi Erra<\/em> (Nergal v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch Erra, k\u1ebb mang d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh), nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 ch\u00fa (<em>Maqlu<\/em>, <em>Shurpu<\/em>), c\u00e1c v\u0103n bia t\u1eeb Kuthu v\u00e0 Babylon. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p: Lambert, <em>Babylonian Wisdom Literature<\/em>; Cagni, <em>L&#8217;epopea di Erra<\/em> (b\u1ea3n chu\u1ea9n); Bott\u00e9ro, <em>La plus vieille religion<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00ean g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nergal \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 qua hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n: ph\u00eda tr\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn binh c\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1ng c\u00f3 r\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed9i m\u0169 tr\u1ee5, c\u1ea7m gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed, xung quanh l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh. Ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi, trong Irkalla, ng\u00e0i ng\u1ef1 tr\u00ean ngai t\u1ed1i t\u0103m b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh Ereshkigal.<\/p><p>V\u1eadt bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 s\u01b0 t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng lai qu\u1ef7 d\u1eef. M\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecf, m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt. <em>Namtar<\/em> (\u00e1c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u00e2m linh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c m\u01a1 h\u1ed3.\" tabindex=\"0\">qu\u1ef7<\/span> d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh) lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng ng\u00e0i, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nergal duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft th\u00f4ng qua chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh. Khi b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt x\u1ea3y ra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7u xin ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 xoa d\u1ecbu, h\u00f2ng khi\u1ebfn ng\u00e0i r\u00fat lui d\u1ecbch l\u1ec7. Trong chi\u1ebfn tranh, c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn binh c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng lo s\u1ee3 t\u00ednh kh\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.<\/p><p>L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i Kutha, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u1ebf d\u00e2ng <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L\u1ec5 v\u1eadt d\u00e2ng l\u00ean th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n, c\u1ea7u xin ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh.\" tabindex=\"0\">l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ngu\u00f4i c\u01a1n th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Qua h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi Ereshkigal, Nergal c\u00f2n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1ee7; ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 k\u1ebb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p><h3>Di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3><p><em>Nergal<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1ng v\u1edbi b\u1eddm s\u01b0 t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t s\u01b0 t\u1eed, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi l\u1eeda. Da ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c n\u00e2u s\u1eabm, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i mang v\u0169 kh\u00ed &#8211; ki\u1ebfm, r\u00ecu ho\u1eb7c cung &#8211; th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t chi\u1ebfn binh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t con r\u1eafn th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ea5n quanh th\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1nh tay ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ea7u ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang hai g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t, m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u00ean (th\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn tranh) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1ee7 (vua \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1ee7). S\u01b0 t\u1eed v\u00e0 b\u00f2 c\u1ea1p l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt linh thi\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. L\u1eeda v\u00e0 m\u00e1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Th\u00f4ng tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: Nergal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Nergal \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nhanh. C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o, th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nergal l\u00e0 con trai c\u1ee7a Enlil v\u00e0 Ninlil, em trai c\u1ee7a Ninurta. Trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> trung t\u00e2m <em>Nergal v\u00e0 Ereshkigal<\/em>, ng\u00e0i \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1ee7; sau nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u00e0 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i, ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh phu qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u1eef v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb quy\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi b\u00e0, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 trong n\u1eeda n\u0103m (kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh m\u00f9a v\u1ee5: v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u00f3ng b\u1ee9c khi d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh).<\/p><p>Trong <em>S\u1eed thi Erra<\/em>, ng\u00e0i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn ri\u00eang nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng Nergal<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>K\u1ebb mang d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xua \u0111u\u1ed5i d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh (ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng k\u00e9p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 Apollon v\u00e0 Sekhmet). Th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u01a1n s\u1ed1t n\u00f3ng m\u00f9a h\u00e8 (ti\u1ebfng Akkad <em>idisha<\/em>). Th\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 tr\u1eadn m\u1ea1c. V\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Sao H\u1ecfa, ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean v\u0103n; ng\u00f4i sao c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i (Sao H\u1ecfa) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m hung trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1m b\u00e1o Babylon. Th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Babylon-Assyria.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nh\u00e2n h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn binh \u0111\u1ed9i v\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh m\u0169 cao, m\u1eb7c \u00e1o d\u00e0i. \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng: <em>ch\u00f9y \u0111\u1ea7u s\u01b0 t\u1eed<\/em> v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f4i. Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 <em>Sebitti<\/em>, b\u1ea3y \u00e1c qu\u1ef7 d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh, \u0111i k\u00e8m. Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 con d\u1ea5u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u01b0 t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p trong m\u00ecnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau.\" tabindex=\"0\">sinh v\u1eadt lai<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi-s\u01b0 t\u1eed. M\u00e0u da \u0111\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecf s\u1eabm (s\u1ed1t d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh, Sao H\u1ecfa). V\u00e0o th\u1eddi T\u00e2n Babylon c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 v\u1edbi xe b\u00f2.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/strong> Nergal \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n trong th\u1eddi d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh; l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i m\u00f9a h\u00e8 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u00f9a d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. C\u00e1c vua d\u1ef1ng bia tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn. Trong c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 ph\u00f9 ch\u00fa, ng\u00e0i v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n v\u1eeba b\u1ecb lo s\u1ee3 (ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng k\u00e9p). Kuthu l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 t\u1eed vong v\u00e0 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh. Trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang.\" tabindex=\"0\">nghi th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 k\u1ebb c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ch\u00f9y \u0111\u1ea7u s\u01b0 t\u1eed, ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f4i, v\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n cao, b\u1ea3y \u00e1c qu\u1ef7 t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng (Sebitti), <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p trong m\u00ecnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau.\" tabindex=\"0\">sinh v\u1eadt lai<\/span> s\u01b0 t\u1eed, ng\u00f4i sao \u0111\u1ecf (Sao H\u1ecfa), n\u1eafng h\u00e8 oi b\u1ee9c. Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt: d\u01b0a \u0111\u1eafng, c\u00e2y nh\u1ecdn gai. Con s\u1ed1 linh thi\u00eang: 7 (Sebitti).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Nergal<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Erra<\/em> (Akkad, c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh k\u1ebb mang d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 s\u1eed thi ri\u00eang), <em>Resheph<\/em> (Phoenicia\/Ugarit, d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh), <em>Apollon<\/em> (Hy L\u1ea1p, hai m\u1eb7t k\u1ebb mang d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh), <em>Mars<\/em> (La M\u00e3, \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u00ean v\u0103n v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1), <em>Sekhmet<\/em> (Ai C\u1eadp, n\u1eef th\u1ea7n mang d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh), <em>Indra<\/em> (\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn v\u0169 tr\u1ee5), <em>Tyr<\/em> (German, th\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn tranh).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><h3>Nghi l\u1ec5 apotropaic ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Nergal<\/h3><p>S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Nergal (d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh, t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t chi\u1ebfn tranh, tai h\u1ecda \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1ee7) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang.\" tabindex=\"0\">nghi th\u1ee9c<\/span> Mesopotamia ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu qua c\u00e1c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L\u1ec5 v\u1eadt d\u00e2ng l\u00ean th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n, c\u1ea7u xin ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh.\" tabindex=\"0\">l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt<\/span> h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd<\/span> E-meslam t\u1ea1i Kuthu, g\u1ed3m bia, c\u1eebu, h\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u1ec7u Erin (g\u1ed7 tuy\u1ebft t\u00f9ng). C\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i ph\u00f9 ch\u00fa Shurpu v\u00e0 Maqlu (Lambert, <em>Babylonian Wisdom Literature<\/em>) ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 thanh t\u1ea9y b\u1eb1ng l\u1eeda ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt do Nergal g\u00e2y ra: ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u lanh, m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t (Nergal-bin) b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y.<\/p><h3>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00f9 ch\u00fa<\/h3><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng.\" tabindex=\"0\">L\u1eddi kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea7u<\/span> &#8220;Nergal pi-im-shu-bal-li-ta&#8221; (Nergal, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1eddi ph\u00e1n!) xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong Chu\u1ed7i Ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00f9 Th\u1ee7y Akkad (Maqlu VII, 32-46). Trong S\u1eed thi Erra c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Akkad (B\u1ea3ng I, 100-150), h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ea7n linh t\u1ef1 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi Nergal t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf. Th\u00e1nh ca \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd &#8220;E-meslam shu&#8217;gar-ra&#8221; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y tr\u0103ng non \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m d\u1ecbu ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.<\/p><h3>B\u00f9a h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/h3><p>C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t apotropaic mang \u0111\u1ea7u s\u01b0 t\u1eed (linh v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nergal) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n t\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1eeda (xem Wiggermann, <em>Mesopotamian Protective Spirits<\/em>). Con d\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 cho th\u1ea5y &#8220;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c \u00fd ngh\u0129a.\" tabindex=\"0\">bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> Nergal&#8221;, c\u1edd hi\u1ec7u s\u01b0 t\u1eed \u0111\u00f4i v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00fat; c\u00e1c bia apotropaic ch\u1ed1ng d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh Akkad t\u1eeb Ur (thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Anh) mang v\u0103n kh\u1eafc c\u1ea7u xin Nergal b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nergal, c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng trong c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nergal gi\u1ed1ng Ares (Hy L\u1ea1p) \u1edf kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh chi\u1ebfn tranh, chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi Hades hay Pluto quy\u1ec1n cai qu\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1ee7. \u0110i\u1ec3m chung v\u1edbi Apollon l\u00e0 t\u00ednh hoang d\u00e3 r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 mang t\u00ednh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi.<\/p><p>Trong c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi Rudra hay Yama, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n hung d\u1eef duy tr\u00ec tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9p c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch k\u1ebb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t \u1edf tr\u00ean v\u00e0 vua cai tr\u1ecb \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi khi\u1ebfn ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc trong th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb75b108 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpb75b108\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp53527b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp53527b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nergal v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch Ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1ee7<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp314942d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp314942d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp086173b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp086173b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nergal l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n Mesopotamia v\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i g\u1eafn b\u00f3 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1ee7. Trung t\u00e2m th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Kutha \u1edf mi\u1ec1n nam Mesopotamia, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0110\u1ec1n th\u1edd<\/span> t\u1ea1i Kutha mang t\u00ean E-meslam, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Nergal th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n b\u1eb1ng danh hi\u1ec7u g\u1eafn v\u1edbi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd<\/span> n\u00e0y.<\/p><p>Ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Nergal l\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1ec1 Nergal v\u00e0 Ereschkigal, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n qua nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ng\u1eafn t\u1eeb Amarna v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n t\u1eeb th\u1eddi sau.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng Nergal \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1ee7, v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u1eef th\u1ea7n Ereschkigal. Sau nh\u1eefng r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i di\u1ec5n ra kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo t\u1eebng b\u1ea3n, Nergal tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh phu qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ereschkigal v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng cai tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c vua cai tr\u1ecb \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1ee7.<\/p><p>C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Nergal, v\u1ed1n ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1edbi c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft. Gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7u Nergal ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1ee7 hay ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 theo ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7.\" tabindex=\"0\">l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n<\/span>.<\/p><p>\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, Nergal kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3. Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang.\" tabindex=\"0\">nghi th\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Mesopotamia kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch r\u1ea1ch r\u00f2i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng b\u1ecb lo s\u1ee3. Ai mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh n\u1eef v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1ee7, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o <a href=\"\/vi\/ereshkigal\/\">Ereschkigal<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp23c6516 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp23c6516\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d79aec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2d79aec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nergal v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa91f230 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpa91f230\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp95d778c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp95d778c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 vua cai tr\u1ecb \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1ee7, Nergal c\u00f2n mang m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o th\u1ee9 hai g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi n\u00f3: ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, chi\u1ebfn tranh, d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 c\u01a1n n\u1eafng h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u00f9a h\u00e8. C\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 logic v\u1edbi nhau, v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Nergal.<\/p><p>Trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh ca v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 ch\u00fa, Nergal xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 gieo r\u1eafc d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 c\u01a1n s\u1ed1t. Quan ni\u1ec7m Mesopotamia g\u1eafn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n linh, v\u00e0 Nergal l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch.<\/p><p>\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u xin ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Mesopotamia: c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng mang \u0111\u1ebfn tai h\u1ecda c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xua \u0111u\u1ed5i tai h\u1ecda.<\/p><p>V\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn tranh, Nergal \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c vua c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n khi \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. C\u00e1c v\u0103n bia ho\u00e0ng gia \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp ng\u00e0i trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ban chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng cho nh\u00e0 vua v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i k\u1ebb th\u00f9. Trong vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Ninurta, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n.<\/p><p>V\u1ec1 thi\u00ean v\u0103n, Nergal \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh tinh Sao H\u1ecfa, m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Mesopotamia g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u00e1u, chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m hung.<\/p><p>S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng qua trung gian Hy L\u1ea1p-La M\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng chi\u00eam tinh h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 sau. Gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u coi vi\u1ec7c g\u00e1n Sao H\u1ecfa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch quan s\u00e1t thi\u00ean v\u0103n Mesopotamia ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc32216d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpc32216d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpee082c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpee082c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp592a0ef e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp592a0ef\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp728b57d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp728b57d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh minh h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 Nergal kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n linh Mesopotamia th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c n\u00e9t m\u1eb7t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, Nergal ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c con v\u1eadt \u0111i k\u00e8m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a Nergal l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y ch\u00f9y ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y g\u1eady cong, \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng hai \u0111\u1ea7u s\u01b0 t\u1eed. S\u01b0 t\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng con v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch hung h\u00e3n, man d\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Tr\u00ean c\u00e1c con d\u1ea5u v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 \u0111i\u00eau, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00f4i khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n<\/span> \u0111ang b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u0169 trang.<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t nung n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, v\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tranh c\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u1edbi v\u00f2ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Nergal: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng.\" tabindex=\"0\">ph\u00f9 \u0111i\u00eau<\/span> Burney hay N\u1eef ho\u00e0ng B\u00f3ng \u0111\u00eam, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u1ed1m terracotta th\u1eddi Babylon c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t n\u1eef th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1nh v\u1edbi b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n chim \u0111\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa hai con s\u01b0 t\u1eed v\u00e0 hai con c\u00fa.<\/p><p>Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 tranh lu\u1eadn trong gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, trong \u0111\u00f3 Ereshkigal v\u00e0 Ishtar \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean. D\u00f9 sao \u0111i n\u1eefa, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng.\" tabindex=\"0\">ph\u00f9 \u0111i\u00eau<\/span> n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f2ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u00e2m ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i, m\u00e0 Nergal c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p><p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang.\" tabindex=\"0\">t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng Nergal \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c qua c\u00e1c v\u0103n bia \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd, l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 ch\u00fa v\u00e0 v\u0103n bia ho\u00e0ng gia tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u1ea1i Kutha v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u00ean \u00f4ng trong c\u00e1c t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng Nergal kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ngo\u1ea1i vi, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n<\/span> hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3f3c96f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp3f3c96f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf6a3842 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf6a3842\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nergal trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7cbb0dc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp7cbb0dc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp92b609a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp92b609a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nergal \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh Hebrew. Trong s\u00e1ch Vua th\u1ee9 hai, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn Samaria sau s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, c\u00f3 ghi ch\u00e9p r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Kutha \u0111\u00e3 mang theo Nergal nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0i.<\/p><p>Ghi ch\u00e9p ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00ec n\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n g\u1eafn b\u00f3 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c nghi th\u1ee9c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u01b0 d\u00e2n.<\/p><p>Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, Nergal \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 ch\u1eef h\u00ecnh n\u00eam v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Assyriologie \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng x\u1ebfp ng\u00e0i v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n<\/span> Sao H\u1ecfa.<\/p><p>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u1eafc n\u00e9t h\u01a1n b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh \u0111a t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. Nergal kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quy v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1ee7, chi\u1ebfn tranh, d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 n\u1eafng h\u00e8 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c.<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Nergal v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n trong c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n v\u1edbi Erra, th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, S\u1eed thi Erra.<\/p><p>Li\u1ec7u Erra v\u00e0 Nergal nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y l\u00e0 hai th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t hay l\u00e0 hai t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t trong gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p><p>\u00dd ngh\u0129a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Nergal n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7 qua ng\u00e0i, quan ni\u1ec7m Mesopotamia tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh, theo \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi t\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00eam<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"\/vi\/ereshkigal\/\">Ereshkigal, phu nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1ee7<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/mesopotamien\/\">Mesopotamia, t\u1ed5ng quan \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/totengottheiten\/\">Th\u1ea7n cai qu\u1ea3n c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft, ti\u1ec3u m\u1ee5c<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/goetter\/\">C\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, t\u1ed5ng quan theo lo\u1ea1i<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Cagni, Luigi: <em>L&#8217;epopea di Erra<\/em>. Rom 1969 (Standardausgabe).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Lambert, Wilfred G.: <em>Babylonian Wisdom Literature<\/em>. Oxford 1960.<\/span><\/li><li>Walde, Christine (Hg.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (Lemma &#8220;Nergal&#8221;).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea trong <a href=\"\/vi\/literatur\/\">danh m\u1ee5c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nergal, th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Mesopotamia Nergal l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Mesopotamia. Th\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn tranh, k\u1ebb mang d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh, \u0111\u1ed3ng cai tr\u1ecb \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1ee7. Nergal l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n k\u00e9p \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Mesopotamia, tr\u00ean mang g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch l\u1ec7, d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n cai qu\u1ea3n t\u1ed1i t\u0103m Irkalla b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh Ereshkigal. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1736,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Nergal","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Nergal - Th\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 Vua cai tr\u1ecb \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1ee7 t\u1ea1i Mesopotamia","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Nergal, th\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 vua cai tr\u1ecb \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Mesopotamia. \u0110\u1ec1n th\u1edd t\u1ea1i Kutha, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi Ereshkigal, \u0111\u1ed3ng cai tr\u1ecb Irkalla v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"4","wesen_kultur":"mesopotamien","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-89482","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO 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