{"id":89399,"date":"2026-08-03T00:33:51","date_gmt":"2026-08-03T00:33:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/astarte-nu-than-phenicia\/"},"modified":"2026-08-03T00:34:10","modified_gmt":"2026-08-03T00:34:10","slug":"astarte","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/vi\/astarte\/","title":{"rendered":"Astarte &#8211; N\u1eef Th\u1ea7n Ph\u00e9nicia"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"89399\" class=\"elementor elementor-89399 elementor-2625\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Astarte, N\u1eef Th\u1ea7n Ph\u00e9nicia c\u1ee7a T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau, Chi\u1ebfn Tranh v\u00e0 V\u01b0\u01a1ng Quy\u1ec1n<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Astarte (ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e9nicia <em>\u02bf\u0161trt<\/em>) l\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">n\u1eef th\u1ea7n<\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n Ph\u00e9nicia v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh bang Sidon, Tyrus, Byblos, Kition c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e9nicia. B\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, chi\u1ebfn tranh, v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"N\u1eef th\u1ea7n thu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e9nicia.\">N\u1eef th\u1ea7n<\/span><a href=\"\/vi\/phoenizisch\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e9nicia.\">Ph\u00e9nicia<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i cao.\">Th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i cao<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Kh\\u00f4ng t\\u00ecm th\\u1ea5y ti\\u00eau \\u0111\\u1ec1 n\\u00e0o tr\\u00ean trang n\\u00e0y.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tM\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-astartepho-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-astartepho-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-astartepho-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_astarte-phoenix-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2847\" alt=\"Astarte Phoenix - G\u00f6tter aus der Phoenizisch-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_astarte-phoenix-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_astarte-phoenix-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_astarte-phoenix-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_astarte-phoenix.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Astarte (ti\u1ebfng Akkad I\u0161tar, ti\u1ebfng Ugarit \u02bfA\u1e6ftartu) l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c Ph\u00e9nicia c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1eef th\u1ea7n l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t v\u00f9ng C\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng. Sabatino Moscati trong <em>Die Ph\u00f6niker<\/em> (1966) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng Astarte gi\u1eef v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh bang Ph\u00e9nicia, th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p><p>T\u1ea1i Sidon, b\u00e0 l\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Eshmun; t\u1ea1i Tyrus, b\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh <a href=\"\/vi\/melqart\/\">Melqart<\/a>; t\u1ea1i Byblos, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh Baalat. Trong <a href=\"\/vi\/phoenizisch\/\">truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e9nicia<\/a>, b\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p><p>Corinne Bonnet trong <em>Astart\u00e9<\/em> (1996) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y chuy\u00ean kh\u1ea3o to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">n\u1eef th\u1ea7n<\/span> n\u00e0y. B\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng Astarte c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng: n\u1eef th\u1ea7n t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, n\u1eef th\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn tranh, n\u1eef th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n, b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7, n\u1eef th\u1ea7n ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh mang ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng chthonique li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i \u00e2m. T\u00ednh \u0111a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1eef th\u1ea7n C\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng \u02bfA\u1e6ftart\/I\u0161tar.<\/p><p>X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, Astarte thu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3u n\u1eef th\u1ea7n Semit ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng A\u1e6ftart c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Syria c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 Amorite. V\u00e0o thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Aphrodite c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p; truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Aphrodite t\u1ea1i S\u00edp b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb Astarte c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e9nicia, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Herodot \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn.<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t danh hi\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 &#8220;Astarte c\u1ee7a Li-b\u0103ng&#8221;, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n bia; b\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Astarte c\u1ee7a Beirut. M\u1ed9t &#8220;Astarte c\u1ee7a Bi\u1ec3n&#8221; c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn t\u1ea1i Tyrus. S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c hypostasis n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e9nicia v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn Astarte tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1eef th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a r\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n.<\/p><p>V\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Astarte trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n<\/span> Ph\u00e9nicia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi <a href=\"\/vi\/arinna\/\">N\u1eef Th\u1ea7n M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Arinna<\/a> trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Hittite ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi <a href=\"\/vi\/hebat\/\">Hebat<\/a> v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00ean g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>T\u00ean \u02bf\u0161trt (Astarte) c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c Semit ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb <em>\u02bf\u0161tr<\/em>, g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u02bfA\u1e6ftartu (Ugarit) v\u00e0 I\u0161tar (Mesopotamia). T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean h\u1ecdc ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t; m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i h\u1ee3p l\u00fd k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m &#8220;ng\u00f4i sao&#8221; v\u00e0 coi Astarte l\u00e0 &#8220;n\u1eef th\u1ea7n ng\u00f4i sao&#8221;, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn sao mai (Kim tinh).<\/p><p>Trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n bia Ph\u00e9nicia, b\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng <em>\u02bf\u0161trt<\/em>, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n Punic. M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c Hy L\u1ea1p h\u00f3a quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 <em>A\u0161tart<\/em> v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u00e2m nguy\u00ean \u00e2m ti\u1ebfng Aramaic.<\/p><p>Trong ti\u1ebfng Akkad, b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi I\u0161tar; trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Hy L\u1ea1p h\u00f3a, v\u1edbi Aphrodite ho\u1eb7c Hera (t\u00f9y theo tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng); t\u1ea1i Ai C\u1eadp, b\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb th\u1eddi T\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">n\u1eef th\u1ea7n<\/span> nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ean Astarte. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e0 c\u0169ng gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc Semit ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p><p>Aphrodite Urania c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi Astarte c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e9nicia; Herodot truy nguy\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng b\u00e0 t\u1eeb Ph\u00e9nicia qua S\u00edp \u0111\u1ebfn Hy L\u1ea1p. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng gia truy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn Astarte tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1eef th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i.<\/p><p>Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, b\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8220;Thi\u00ean N\u1eef&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;N\u1eef Ho\u00e0ng B\u1ea7u Tr\u1eddi&#8221;, m\u1ed9t danh hi\u1ec7u c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong s\u00e1ch Jeremia c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh (Jer 7,18; 44,17; 44,19) v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng &#8220;N\u1eef Ho\u00e0ng B\u1ea7u Tr\u1eddi&#8221; n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Saby Cave nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Canaan v\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Astarte xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e9nicia qua nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: n\u1eef th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee9ng kh\u1ecfa th\u00e2n (t\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a &#8220;ph\u00f9 \u0111i\u00eau Astarte&#8221;), n\u1eef ho\u00e0ng ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean ngai v\u1edbi m\u0169 mi\u1ec7n Polos, n\u1eef th\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ea7m gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 khi\u00ean, n\u1eef th\u1ea7n c\u01b0\u1ee1i s\u01b0 t\u1eed, ho\u1eb7c n\u1eef ho\u00e0ng thi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi v\u1ea7ng h\u00e0o quang sao. S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u00ednh \u0111a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0.<\/p><p>Linh v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u01b0 t\u1eed hay s\u01b0 t\u1eed c\u00e1i; t\u1ea1i Sidon v\u00e0 Carthage, b\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ng\u1ed3i ho\u1eb7c c\u01b0\u1ee1i tr\u00ean l\u01b0ng s\u01b0 t\u1eed. Chim b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho b\u00e0, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh S\u00edp v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i; nh\u1eefng con chim b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u c\u1ee7a Aphrodite l\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb Astarte c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e9nicia. M\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 con r\u1eafn, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n chthonique c\u1ee7a b\u00e0.<\/p><p>T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u1edf T\u00e2y \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf Tartessos (T\u00e2y Ban Nha), Astarte \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd; b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng &#8220;Astarte c\u1ee7a Carambolo&#8221; t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y b\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean ngai v\u1edbi v\u0103n bia hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e9nicia. C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf Astarte c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf Sevilla, C\u00e1diz v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c, ghi ch\u00e9p s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a nghi l\u1ec5 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng b\u00e0.<\/p><p>T\u1ea1i Kition (S\u00edp), m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd<\/span> Astarte kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt, thu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ed3 S\u1eaft. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Vassos Karageorghis v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Maria Iacovou \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 b\u1ee9c tranh v\u1ec1 nghi l\u1ec5 Ph\u00e9nicia t\u1ea1i S\u00edp.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n Ugarit (KTU 1.92 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c), Astarte xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch n\u1eef th\u1ea7n s\u0103n b\u1eafn v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a <a href=\"\/vi\/baal-hadad\/\">Baal<\/a>; tuy nhi\u00ean trong Chu k\u1ef3 Baal, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecb em c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 <a href=\"\/vi\/anat-phoenix\/\">Anat<\/a>. Trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i Ph\u00e9nicia, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf Philon x\u1ee9 Byblos (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn b\u1edfi Eusebius), b\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eef ho\u00e0ng du h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn Tyrus c\u01b0\u1ee1i tr\u00ean l\u01b0ng b\u00f2 \u0111\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh ngai v\u00e0ng.<\/p><p>Philon k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng Astarte \u0111\u00e3 &#8220;t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t con b\u00f2 \u0111\u1ef1c&#8221; v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00ecnh, qua \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u1ea7n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Hathor c\u1ee7a Ai C\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Inanna-Anu c\u1ee7a Mesopotamia. Albert Baumgarten trong <em>The Phoenician History of Philo of Byblos<\/em> (1981) \u0111\u00e3 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh.<\/p><p>Trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n Hy L\u1ea1p h\u00f3a, Astarte \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Europa: Europa, con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a vua Agenor x\u1ee9 Tyrus, b\u1ecb Zeus bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh b\u00f2 \u0111\u1ef1c b\u1eaft c\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn Crete. M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed: Astarte v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a Europa v\u1eeba l\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng. Do \u0111\u00f3 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> Europa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Hy L\u1ea1p-Ph\u00e9nicia.<\/p><p>T\u1eeb th\u1eddi Carthage, m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Astarte v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt anh h\u00f9ng Dido \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i; n\u1eef ho\u00e0ng Dido, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Carthage, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n Roman di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 &#8220;hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n tu s\u0129&#8221; c\u1ee7a Astarte. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t h\u00f3a n\u00e0y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb soi s\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Astarte l\u00e0 Sidon (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd<\/span> Astarte do Eshmunazar II x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng), Tyrus, Byblos (v\u1edbi Baalat), Kition (S\u00edp, n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd<\/span> Astarte kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o), Carthage v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i. Maria Eugenia Aubet trong <em>The Phoenicians and the West<\/em> (2001) \u0111\u00e3 ghi ch\u00e9p s\u1ef1 lan r\u1ed9ng \u1edf \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang.\" tabindex=\"0\">Nghi l\u1ec5 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng<\/span> bao g\u1ed3m l\u1ec5 d\u00e2ng h\u1ecfa thi\u00eau, l\u1ec5 d\u00e2ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8220;l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i m\u00faa thi\u00eang&#8221;, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u Ph\u00e9nicia.<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c <em>qedeshim<\/em> v\u00e0 <em>qedeshot<\/em>, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u; Annie Caubet, Corinne Bonnet v\u00e0 Stephanie Budin \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u0169 v\u1ec1 &#8220;m\u1ea1i d\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd&#8221;, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t.<\/p><p>Trong th\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p h\u00f3a, Astarte \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Aphrodite; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba<\/span> Aphrodite n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u1edf Paphos tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o S\u00edp l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng Astarte c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e9nicia. Ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf Corinth, Eryx (Sicily) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Astarte Ph\u00e9nicia c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u01b0\u1edbi danh hi\u1ec7u Hy L\u1ea1p.<\/p><p>T\u1ea1i Carthage, Astarte d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n b\u1ecb <a href=\"\/vi\/tanit\/\">Tanit<\/a> thay th\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t; trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n bia tofet, c\u1ea3 hai n\u1eef th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4i khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea1nh nhau. S\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh gi\u1eefa hai n\u1eef th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i cao n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Punic.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 apotropaic<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Astarte l\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef mang thai, th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh chi\u1ebfn. T\u1ea1i Sidon, b\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u1ea5n tri\u1ec7n ho\u00e0ng gia nh\u01b0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng.\" tabindex=\"0\">v\u0103n bia<\/span> n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a vua Eshmunazar II (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean) g\u1ecdi t\u00ean b\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Eshmun nh\u01b0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i cao.<\/p><p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Xua \u0111u\u1ed5i tai h\u1ecda: thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i.\" tabindex=\"0\">apotropaic<\/span>, c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf Astarte \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong nh\u00e0; c\u00e1c &#8220;ph\u00f9 \u0111i\u00eau Astarte&#8221; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng ph\u00f9 \u0111i\u00eau \u0111\u1ea5t nung nh\u1ecf h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef kh\u1ecfa th\u00e2n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn b\u1ea3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m Ph\u00e9nicia. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, c\u1ea7u mong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u00f9 \u0111i\u00eau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i trong gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u; t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng Astarte t\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t.<\/p><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">Trong c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e9nicia, Astarte \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch n\u1eef th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i; c\u00e1c thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2ng v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m hi\u1ebfn t\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i bi\u1ec3n. &#8220;L\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eef h\u00e0nh&#8221; n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ph\u00e9nicia v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. iWell Guard ghi nh\u1eadn Astarte nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed-v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tham chi\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 cam k\u1ebft ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c \u1ea5n tri\u1ec7n b\u1ecd hung Ph\u00e9nicia t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 7 v\u00e0 6 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng mang c\u00e1c motif Astarte: n\u1eef th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee9ng kh\u1ecfa th\u00e2n, Astarte tr\u00ean s\u01b0 t\u1eed, Astarte v\u1edbi hoa sen. Nh\u1eefng \u1ea5n tri\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111eo nh\u01b0 b\u00f9a h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ph\u00e9nicia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Song song v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Astarte thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u1eef th\u1ea7n Semit ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y-Mesopotamia l\u1edbn l\u00e0 \u02bfA\u1e6ftart\/I\u0161tar. B\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi \u02bfA\u1e6ftartu c\u1ee7a Ugarit, I\u0161tar c\u1ee7a Mesopotamia, Atargatis c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Aramaic trung \u0111\u1ea1i (v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp), \u0160au\u0161ga c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hurri v\u00e0 I\u0161tar x\u1ee9 \u0160amu\u1e2ba c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hittite. Trong ti\u1ebfng Akkad, t\u00ednh \u0111a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u1edf I\u0161tar c\u1ee7a Uruk.<\/p><p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, Astarte \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Aphrodite c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p; Aphrodite \u1edf S\u00edp l\u00e0 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a Astarte Ph\u00e9nicia. C\u1ea3 Hera, Athena c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 Artemis c\u0169ng mang di s\u1ea3n Astarte. T\u1ea1i Carthage, b\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi <a href=\"\/vi\/tanit\/\">Tanit<\/a>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p><p>Trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u Hebrew, Astarte xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng Ashtoreth, mang m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm (1 C\u00e1c Vua 11,5; 2 C\u00e1c Vua 23,13). S\u1ef1 ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm n\u00e0y nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Canaan d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c Ph\u00e9nicia c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p><p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khoa h\u1ecdc, Astarte \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Israel c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ea1nh tranh t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Canaan; s\u1ef1 b\u00e0i x\u00edch A\u0161tartu trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c. C\u00e1c song song <a href=\"\/vi\/hethitisch\/\">Hittite<\/a> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0160au\u0161ga x\u1ee9 \u0160amu\u1e2ba.<\/p><p>S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t Astarte = Aphrodite kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed; Pausanias v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 La M\u00e3, kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 800 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 600 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean.\" tabindex=\"0\">c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> kh\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a Aphrodite Hy L\u1ea1p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u1eabu Ph\u00e9nicia. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Walter Burkert trong <em>Die orientalisierende Epoche<\/em> v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Vinciane Pirenne-Delforge l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Astarte ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Chuy\u00ean kh\u1ea3o <em>Astart\u00e9<\/em> (1996) c\u1ee7a Corinne Bonnet l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c; <em>The Origin of Aphrodite<\/em> (2003) c\u1ee7a Stephanie Budin x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Aphrodite m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh. Sabatino Moscati v\u00e0 Maria Eugenia Aubet l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 lan r\u1ed9ng \u1edf \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i. Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u00e1c v\u0103n bia Ph\u00e9nicia do Charles Krahmalkov v\u00e0 Wolfgang R\u00f6llig bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c.<\/p><p>Trong ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, Astarte \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu qua s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Aphrodite v\u00e0 qua s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh. S\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i sinh t\u00e2m linh theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 neopagan t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Astarte nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t &#8220;n\u1eef th\u1ea7n m\u1eb9&#8221;; c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p><p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khoa h\u1ecdc, Astarte ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Semit ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. C\u00e1c tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c hypostasis Astarte \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (Astarte c\u1ee7a Sidon, Tyrus, Byblos, Kition), m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Aphrodite v\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c <em>qedeshot<\/em> trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang.\" tabindex=\"0\">nghi l\u1ec5 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng<\/span> Astarte. iWell Guard ghi nh\u1eadn Astarte l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m Ph\u00e9nicia \u1edf T\u00e2y Ban Nha (Sevilla, C\u00e1diz) v\u00e0 Morocco (Lixus) \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 b\u1ee9c tranh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng b\u00e0 \u1edf ph\u00eda T\u00e2y. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Mar\u00eda Bel\u00e9n Deamos v\u00e0 Manuela Mar\u00edn trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng m\u1edbi quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Astarte. Tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean kh\u1ea3o, c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u0103n bia v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. <em>Astart\u00e9<\/em> c\u1ee7a Corinne Bonnet l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u; nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Aphrodite c\u1ee7a Budin x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u00e1nh Hy L\u1ea1p; Aubet x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 lan r\u1ed9ng \u1edf \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i. Ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p Ph\u00e9nicia-Punic c\u1ee7a Krahmalkov cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1ecbch s\u1eed; t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Moscati cung c\u1ea5p khung l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b13b4ce e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2b13b4ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp277df97f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp277df97f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Astarte trong Sarcophagus Eshmunazar v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u0103n bia ho\u00e0ng gia Sidon<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp293101c9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp293101c9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26973d69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp26973d69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kim v\u0103n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 Astarte l\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng.\" tabindex=\"0\">v\u0103n bia<\/span> tr\u00ean quan t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a vua Eshmunazar II x\u1ee9 Sidon, c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n quan t\u00e0i c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c Ai C\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u0103m 1855; hi\u1ec7n nay n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef t\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Louvre. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng.\" tabindex=\"0\">V\u0103n bia<\/span> Ph\u00e9nicia thu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y.<\/p><p>Trong \u0111\u00f3, ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd<\/span> cho Astarte. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp l\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba<\/span> c\u1ee7a <em>Astarte Schem Baal<\/em>, Astarte danh hi\u1ec7u Baal, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi Tanit pene Baal trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n bia Punic v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa n\u1eef th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 nam th\u1ea7n.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng.\" tabindex=\"0\">V\u0103n bia<\/span> c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea7n Eshmun v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u ho\u00e0ng gia Sidon.<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trung t\u00e2m th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng.\" tabindex=\"0\">v\u0103n bia<\/span> c\u1ee7a vua Bodashtart, c\u0169ng t\u1eeb Sidon, c\u0169ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho Astarte v\u00e0 Eshmun. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra r\u1eb1ng Astarte l\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Sidon v\u00e0 nghi l\u1ec5 th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c v\u0103n bia ho\u00e0ng gia Ph\u00e9nicia \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00ec ch\u00fang, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i t\u1eeb Ugarit, b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng l\u00f5i Ph\u00e9nicia v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p><p>Ch\u00fang cho th\u1ea5y Astarte kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng gia. C\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 v\u0103n bia Ph\u00e9nicia, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n \u1edf Herbert Donner v\u00e0 Wolfgang R\u00f6llig.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2acdcf65 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2acdcf65\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp28ce0b2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp28ce0b2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Astarte, Aphrodite v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \"phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch\" Hy L\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp241006cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp241006cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp21761654 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp21761654\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p, v\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e9nicia kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t Astarte v\u1edbi n\u1eef th\u1ea7n t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p Aphrodite c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t h\u00f3a n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch.<\/p><p>Herodot k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba<\/span> c\u1ee7a Aphrodite Urania \u1edf Askalon v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u1eef th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n \u1edf S\u00edp c\u0169ng b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n. Qua \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Aphrodite m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng Syria-Ph\u00e9nicia.<\/p><p>S\u00edp \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e9nicia \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 t\u1eeb s\u1edbm, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Kition, v\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang.\" tabindex=\"0\">nghi l\u1ec5<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u1eef th\u1ea7n S\u00edp m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 Aphrodite mang d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Astarte.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba<\/span> Paphos tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o S\u00edp th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n, m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.\" tabindex=\"0\">phong t\u1ee5c<\/span> ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m nghi l\u1ec5 C\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 Hy L\u1ea1p.<\/p><p>Gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 Aphrodite th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">n\u1eef th\u1ea7n<\/span> Hy L\u1ea1p nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n hay b\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Astarte c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e9nicia. Walter Burkert trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Hy L\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t n\u1eef th\u1ea7n b\u00ecnh minh \u1ea4n-\u00c2u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 C\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng.<\/p><p>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng Astarte v\u00e0 Aphrodite qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u01b0 hai t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1eef th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Astarte, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1n xa ra ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Ph\u00e9nicia v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 La M\u00e3.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2cd57195 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2cd57195\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b9874d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2b9874d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Astarte v\u00e0 Ashtoreth trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh Hebrew<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp23d0ede1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp23d0ede1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2e38e53c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2e38e53c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Astarte xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfng Hebrew d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng <em>Aschtoret<\/em>, s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 <em>Aschtarot<\/em>. Vi\u1ec7c phi\u00ean \u00e2m t\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u xem l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00f3p m\u00e9o c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd: c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Masorete \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean \u00e2m g\u1ed1c b\u1eb1ng nguy\u00ean \u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hebrew c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u00f4 nh\u1ee5c, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi ng\u1edd l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ngo\u1ea1i lai kh\u00e1c.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Aschtoret \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n. Trong S\u00e1ch C\u00e1c Vua quy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sidon, m\u00e0 Vua Solomon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 dung t\u00fang <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang.\" tabindex=\"0\">t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u00e0.<\/p><p>Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, b\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c Baalim, t\u1ee9c c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Baal, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ngo\u1ea1i lai m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n. S\u00e1ch C\u00e1c Th\u1ee7 L\u0129nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c S\u00e1ch Samuel d\u00f9ng l\u1ed1i di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t r\u1eb1ng d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 c\u00e1c Baal v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Astarte.<\/p><p>Nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00ec hai l\u00fd do. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ch\u00fang x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i r\u1eb1ng Astarte th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a Sidon, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u0103n bia ho\u00e0ng gia Phoenicia \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i. Th\u1ee9 hai, ch\u00fang cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang.\" tabindex=\"0\">t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> Astarte c\u0169ng lan r\u1ed9ng trong d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00f9ng Israel v\u00e0 Judah, b\u1edfi n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean tri \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau.<\/p><p>Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng Astarte, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp r\u1eb1ng <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang.\" tabindex=\"0\">t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p><p>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Aschtoret v\u00e0 Aschera, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh, v\u1eabn \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o (tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li>Corinne Bonnet: <em>Astart\u00e9<\/em> (Rom 1996)<\/li><li>Stephanie Budin: <em>The Origin of Aphrodite<\/em> (Bethesda 2003)<\/li><li>Sabatino Moscati: <em>Die Ph\u00f6niker<\/em> (Stuttgart 1966)<\/li><li>Maria Eugenia Aubet: <em>The Phoenicians and the West<\/em> (Cambridge 2001)<\/li><li>Stephanie Budin: <em>The Myth of Sacred Prostitution in Antiquity<\/em> (Cambridge 2008)<\/li><li>Charles Krahmalkov: <em>A Phoenician-Punic Grammar<\/em> (Leiden 2001)<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-astartephoenix e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-astartephoenix\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-astartephoenix-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-astartephoenix-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> Ph\u00e9nicia, Astarte k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang.\" tabindex=\"0\">nghi l\u1ec5 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng<\/span> b\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb Sidon v\u00e0 Tyrus \u0111\u1ebfn Carthage v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t Aphrodite v\u00e0 Hera trong th\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p h\u00f3a.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef then ch\u1ed1t li\u00ean quan: Astarte Ph\u00e9nicia n\u1eef th\u1ea7n t\u00ecnh y\u00eau chi\u1ebfn tranh I\u0161tar Aphrodite Sidon Tyrus.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-astarte-phoenix\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard v\u00e0 c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard k\u1ebf th\u1eeba truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111eo mang, trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a <a href=\"\/vi\/phoenizisch\/\">Ph\u00e9nicia<\/a> v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. 41 l\u1edbp, v\u00e0ng th\u1eadt, b\u1ea1ch kim, b\u1ea1c, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c. Quy\u1ec1n tr\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng trong v\u00f2ng 30 ng\u00e0y.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m y t\u1ebf. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cam k\u1ebft ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m y t\u1ebf<\/strong> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb y t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c t\u00e2m l\u00fd tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u00f3a, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m linh.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Astarte, N\u1eef Th\u1ea7n Ph\u00e9nicia c\u1ee7a T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau, Chi\u1ebfn Tranh v\u00e0 V\u01b0\u01a1ng Quy\u1ec1n Astarte (ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e9nicia \u02bf\u0161trt) l\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n Ph\u00e9nicia v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh bang Sidon, Tyrus, Byblos, Kition c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e9nicia. B\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, chi\u1ebfn tranh, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2847,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Astarte nguoi Phenicia nu than","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Astarte - N\u1eef Th\u1ea7n Ph\u00e9nicia, Th\u1ea7n Tho\u1ea1i, Nghi L\u1ec5","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Astarte l\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n Ph\u00e9nicia, g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"phoenizisch","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-89399","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Astarte - N\u1eef Th\u1ea7n Ph\u00e9nicia, Th\u1ea7n Tho\u1ea1i, Nghi L\u1ec5<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Astarte l\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n Ph\u00e9nicia, g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/vi\/astarte\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Astarte - N\u1eef Th\u1ea7n Ph\u00e9nicia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Astarte l\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n Ph\u00e9nicia, g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/vi\/astarte\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-03T00:34:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_astarte-phoenix.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"30 ph\u00fat\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/vi\\\/astarte\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/vi\\\/astarte\\\/\",\"name\":\"Astarte - N\u1eef Th\u1ea7n Ph\u00e9nicia, Th\u1ea7n Tho\u1ea1i, Nghi L\u1ec5\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/vi\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/vi\\\/astarte\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/vi\\\/astarte\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_phoenizisch_astarte-phoenix.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-03T00:33:51+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-03T00:34:10+00:00\",\"description\":\"Astarte l\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n Ph\u00e9nicia, g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/vi\\\/astarte\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"vi\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/vi\\\/astarte\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"vi\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/vi\\\/astarte\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_phoenizisch_astarte-phoenix.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_phoenizisch_astarte-phoenix.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"G\u00f6tter aus der Phoenizisch-Tradition.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/vi\\\/astarte\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/vi\\\/trang-chu\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Astarte &#8211; 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