{"id":89349,"date":"2026-08-03T00:30:57","date_gmt":"2026-08-03T00:30:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/athene-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-03T00:31:27","modified_gmt":"2026-08-03T00:31:27","slug":"athene","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/vi\/athene\/","title":{"rendered":"Athene"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"89349\" class=\"elementor elementor-89349 elementor-2976\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5267971 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5267971\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8380ddd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8380ddd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc8e551 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fc8e551\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37bad8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"37bad8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Athene, n\u1eef th\u1ea7n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Athens<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66c7ec4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"66c7ec4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Athens, Athene k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00e0nh bang. Athene, trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef Attica g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Athena, thu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Zeus, sinh ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.<\/p><p>B\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Athens, b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 cho s\u1ef1 tinh x\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Ares, b\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n cho cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 polis.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t danh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 l\u00e0 &#8220;Polias&#8221; (ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1), &#8220;Promachos&#8221; (ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ti\u00ean phong) v\u00e0 &#8220;Parthenos&#8221; (trinh n\u1eef), \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u ba tr\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh trong t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng b\u00e0. Trong Homer, b\u00e0 mang <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t danh hi\u1ec7u c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt.\" tabindex=\"0\">bi\u1ec7t danh<\/span> &#8220;glaukopis&#8221;, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 &#8220;m\u1eaft c\u00fa&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;\u00e1nh m\u1eaft s\u00e1ng ng\u1eddi&#8221;, g\u1ee3i l\u00ean \u00e1nh nh\u00ecn s\u1eafc b\u00e9n, xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a b\u00e0.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1eef Tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh B t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Mycenae cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t &#8220;N\u1eef ch\u00faa Athana&#8221;, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh l\u0169y ti\u1ec1n Hy L\u1ea1p, sau \u0111\u00f3 trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o polis th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1eef th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 to\u00e0n Hy L\u1ea1p.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e520f96 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e520f96\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-171ee25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"171ee25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1ea7n \/ N\u1eef th\u1ea7n: Quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng t\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a trong \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m vi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn, chi\u1ebfn tranh, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5, l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd.\">Th\u1ea7n<\/span><a href=\"\/vi\/griechenland\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Mycenae \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1eadu k\u1ef3 C\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.\">Hy L\u1ea1p<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b8c7f2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b8c7f2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f49cf33 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"f49cf33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Kh\\u00f4ng t\\u00ecm th\\u1ea5y ti\\u00eau \\u0111\\u1ec1 n\\u00e0o tr\\u00ean trang n\\u00e0y.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 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class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__f49cf33\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 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elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f4dc559\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_athene-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2982\" alt=\"Athene - G\u00f6tter aus der Griechenland-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_athene-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_athene-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_athene-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_athene.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a56661 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9a56661\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-099658b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"099658b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74a9afa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"74a9afa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 gia ph\u1ea3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fec0d72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fec0d72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Athene t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Zeus \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7.\" tabindex=\"0\">truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> Hy L\u1ea1p. Hesiod m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong &#8220;Theogonia&#8221; (c\u00e2u 886 \u0111\u1ebfn 900 v\u00e0 924 \u0111\u1ebfn 926) c\u00e1ch Zeus nu\u1ed1t ch\u1eedng Metis \u0111ang mang thai \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai t\u1eeb m\u1ed1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 ng\u00e0i.<\/p><p>T\u1eeb h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd b\u1ecb ch\u1ebb \u0111\u00f4i c\u1ee7a Zeus, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra b\u1edfi Hephaistos ho\u1eb7c Prometheus b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc r\u00ecu, Athene nh\u1ea3y ra trong b\u1ed9 gi\u00e1p tr\u1ee5 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y x\u00e1c l\u1eadp v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t sinh linh thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n linh, kh\u00f4ng qua trung gian ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 theo ngh\u0129a th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p><p>Metis v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong Zeus v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan m\u01b0u m\u1eb9o m\u00e0 th\u1ea7n linh t\u1ed1i cao t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 mang trong m\u00ecnh; Athene k\u1ebf th\u1eeba \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng ca Olympic th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a Pindar (c\u00e2u 35 \u0111\u1ebfn 38) ghi l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 Rhodes, theo \u0111\u00f3 l\u00fac b\u00e0 ra \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn m\u01b0a v\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Heliades v\u00ec qu\u00e1 v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00ean th\u1eafp <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L\u1ec5 v\u1eadt d\u00e2ng l\u00ean th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n, c\u1ea7u xin ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh.\" tabindex=\"0\">l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Rhodes.<\/p><p>\u1ede Crete, m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7t n\u01a1i sinh ra b\u00e0 b\u00ean h\u1ed3 Tritonis \u1edf Libya, do \u0111\u00f3 Athene mang bi\u1ec7t danh &#8220;Tritogeneia&#8221;; Herodotus (IV, 180) k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang.\" tabindex=\"0\">t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> Athene \u1edf Libya trong d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Ausees, g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4 g\u00e1i quanh <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd<\/span>.<\/p><p>C\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec7t danh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n tranh c\u00e3i gi\u1eefa li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi h\u1ed3 Tritonis v\u00e0 t\u1eeb &#8220;trito&#8221; trong ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &#8220;sinh th\u1ee9 ba&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;\u0111\u00fang th\u1eadt&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Hephaistos, trong m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Attica \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi Erichthonios: Hephaistos c\u1ed1 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c Athene; tinh d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n b\u00e0, b\u00e0 lau b\u1eb1ng len v\u00e0 n\u00e9m m\u1ea3nh v\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 Erichthonios ra \u0111\u1eddi (Apollodoros III, 14, 6).<\/p><p>Athene \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb v\u1ec1 nu\u00f4i v\u00e0 trao n\u00f3 cho c\u00e1c con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Kekrops, t\u1ee9c Aglauros, Herse v\u00e0 Pandrosos, trong m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed9p \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn, k\u00e8m theo l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m m\u1edf ra.<\/p><p>Aglauros v\u00e0 Herse m\u1edf h\u1ed9p, th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t con r\u1eafn bao quanh v\u00e0 trong c\u01a1n \u0111i\u00ean lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 lao xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb Acropolis. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a quan ni\u1ec7m autochthony c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Athens: c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 &#8220;con \u0111\u1ea5t&#8221;, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0. Erichthonios l\u1eadp ra l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Panathenaia v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t minh ra xe t\u1ee9 m\u00e3.<\/p>\n<p>Athene c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 anh ch\u1ecb em v\u1edbi Apollon, Artemis, Hermes v\u00e0 Ares; m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n<\/span> l\u00e0 v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh Zeus, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 b\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. B\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con; s\u1ef1 trinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1edbi Hera v\u00e0 Demeter.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c allegoresis c\u1ee7a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa th\u1eddi C\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1eddi Trung \u0111\u1ea1i, kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 7.\" tabindex=\"0\">H\u1eadu k\u1ef3 C\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> coi Athene l\u00e0 &#8220;t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng&#8221; c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n linh t\u1ed1i cao, t\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t Logos \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o; c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Philon c\u1ee7a Alexandria v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2n-Platon nh\u01b0 Proklos ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c2320c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c2320c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a0957b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0a0957b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d26a0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d26a0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Athene l\u00e0 m\u0169 gi\u00e1p, gi\u00e1o, khi\u00ean v\u00e0 Aigis. Aigis, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m gi\u00e1p ng\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng da d\u00ea vi\u1ec1n r\u1eafn v\u1edbi Gorgoneion \u1edf gi\u1eefa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 mang t\u1eeb Zeus. Trong Homer, b\u00e0 mang Aigis thay m\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha ra tr\u1eadn.<\/p><p>M\u0169 gi\u00e1p, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng Sphinx ho\u1eb7c Pegasos, bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng chi\u1ebfn binh, trong khi gi\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef cao, kh\u00f4ng \u1edf t\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef v\u0169 kh\u00ed gi\u01a1 cao m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ra \u0111\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb cu\u1ed3ng s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>Con c\u00fa, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00fa l\u00f9n (Athene noctua, mang t\u00ean b\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i), l\u00e0 chim c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n. Tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng tetradrachm Attica, n\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 linh v\u1eadt b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea7n; c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i v\u1edbi t\u00ean &#8220;glaukes&#8221; (c\u00fa) v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u ng\u1ea1n ng\u1eef: &#8220;mang c\u00fa \u0111\u1ebfn Athens&#8221;.<\/p><p>C\u00e2y \u00f4 liu g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1edbi Poseidon: Athene tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y \u00f4 liu \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean Acropolis v\u00e0 trao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Athens lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y cung c\u1ea5p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p><p>C\u00e2y \u00f4 liu thi\u00eang trong Pandroseion \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn th\u1eddi La M\u00e3 mu\u1ed9n; Pausanias (I, 27, 2) k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng sau tr\u1eadn h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ba T\u01b0 n\u0103m 480 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e2m ch\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 sau m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam.<\/p>\n<p>Con r\u1eafn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c, v\u1edbi hai ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 Erichthonios, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Athene b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng r\u1eafn, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c \u00fd ngh\u0129a.\" tabindex=\"0\">bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh.<\/p><p>B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Athena Parthenos chryselephantine c\u1ee7a Phidias, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Pausanias m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 (I, 24, 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 7), cho th\u1ea5y n\u1eef th\u1ea7n m\u1eb7c chiton, v\u1edbi Nike tr\u00ean b\u00e0n tay ph\u1ea3i gi\u01a1 ra, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e2y gi\u00e1o t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o khi\u00ean; \u1edf n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n s\u00e0n, m\u1ed9t con r\u1eafn l\u1edbn cu\u1ed9n m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Erichthonios.<\/p><p>Chi\u1ebfc khi\u00ean mang h\u00ecnh tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Amazons, m\u1eb7t trong l\u00e0 Gigantomachie, \u0111\u00f4i d\u00e9p l\u00e0 Kentauromachie. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m cao m\u01b0\u1eddi hai m\u00e9t, l\u00e0m t\u1eeb 1140 kilogram v\u00e0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1o r\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 Perikles trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kho v\u00e0ng d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, khung c\u1eedi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ec7t c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. Athene &#8220;Ergane&#8221;, &#8220;ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng&#8221;, b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng d\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. Trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c thi d\u1ec7t v\u1edbi Arachne (Ovid, Metamorphosen VI, 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 145), b\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c thi nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c, x\u00e9 tan t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i nh\u01b0ng ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n th\u1ea7n linh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 g\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Lydia.<\/p><p>Phidias thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho Parthenon chi\u1ebfc peplos c\u1ee7a Athene \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec7t m\u1edbi h\u00e0ng n\u0103m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc: Tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i m\u00e0u ngh\u1ec7 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec7t c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Gigantomachie, trong \u0111\u00f3 Athene \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0y t\u00ean kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 Enkelados xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea3o Sicily.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98b4b8a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"98b4b8a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f302c73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f302c73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c84aca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c84aca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Athene l\u00e0 Panathenaia, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng Hekatombaion (th\u00e1ng B\u1ea3y\/th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m), b\u1ed1n n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c &#8220;Panathenaia V\u0129 \u0110\u1ea1i&#8221; v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m r\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111u\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00eam t\u1eeb <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng thi\u00eang li\u00eang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng.\" tabindex=\"0\">r\u1eebng thi\u00eang<\/span> Akademie \u0111\u1ebfn Akropolis.<\/p><p>\u0110\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n r\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ec5, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, ki\u1ec1u d\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4 g\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn; h\u1ecd mang theo chi\u1ebfc Peplos m\u1edbi d\u1ec7t d\u00e0nh cho b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ed7 th\u1edd c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a Athene Polias tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 xe h\u00ecnh con thuy\u1ec1n. V\u00f2ng \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc trang tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1n Parthenon m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111o\u00e0n r\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y d\u00e0i 160 m\u00e9t v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 380 h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00fa.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea1i Panathenaia V\u0129 \u0110\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean, c\u00e1c rhapsode v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 tham gia thi \u0111\u1ea5u; ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc amphora ch\u1ee9a d\u1ea7u \u00f4 liu \u00e9p t\u1eeb <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng thi\u00eang li\u00eang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng.\" tabindex=\"0\">r\u1eebng thi\u00eang<\/span>.<\/p><p>Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc amphora gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Panathenaia n\u00e0y, v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh Athene Promachos \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u1edf m\u1eb7t kia, ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u phong ph\u00fa nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u1ebd b\u00ecnh g\u1ed1m Attica c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m.<\/p><p>V\u1ecb Athlothet, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i, n\u1eafm gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 Attica. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Homer c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecdc theo l\u1ed1i rhapsode t\u1ea1i Panathenaia t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Peisistratos, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c s\u1eed thi Homer v\u00e0o kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh Panathenaia c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c d\u00e0nh cho Athene. T\u1ea1i l\u1ec5 Arrhephoria trong th\u00e1ng Skirophorion, b\u1ed1n c\u00f4 g\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c cao mang m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc gi\u1ecf b\u00ed \u1ea9n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t. L\u1ec5 Chalkeia trong th\u00e1ng Pyanopsion l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i r\u00e8n kim lo\u1ea1i d\u00e0nh cho Athene Ergane v\u00e0 Hephaistos. L\u1ec5 Skira trong th\u00e1ng Skirophorion c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00fat lui c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c d\u1ec7t chi\u1ebfc Peplos m\u1edbi. T\u1ea1i l\u1ec5 Plynteria, b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1edd c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1edfi b\u1ecf y ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u1eafm r\u1eeda \u1edf bi\u1ec3n.<\/p><p>V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u00f4 u\u1ebf v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ebf l\u1ec5, c\u00e1c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd<\/span> b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2y th\u1eebng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb b\u1ecb \u0111\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng nghi l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y Athene \u00edt mang h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfn binh h\u01a1n m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eef th\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a, b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nghi l\u1ec5, qua \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.\" tabindex=\"0\">l\u1ec5 nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Athens, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang.\" tabindex=\"0\">t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 lan r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Hy L\u1ea1p. T\u1ea1i Sparta, b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Athena Chalkioikos, &#8220;trong ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng&#8221;, theo t\u00ean m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n<\/span> \u1ed1p t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ed3ng; t\u1ea1i Tegea, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Athene Alea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Peloponnese, do Skopas x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p><p>T\u1ea1i Pergamon, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba<\/span> Athena Polias t\u1ecda l\u1ea1c tr\u00ean Akropolis, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Attalid. Athene Nikephoros c\u1ee7a Pergamon th\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p h\u00f3a tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m quy chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u00f3a to\u00e0n Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Attalid, v\u1ed1n coi Athens l\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng tinh th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2f5de9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f2f5de9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4126cda elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4126cda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u00e1c th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-faa4da8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"faa4da8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Parthenon tr\u00ean Acropolis Athens, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 447 \u0111\u1ebfn 432 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Perikles, l\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba<\/span> n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u1eef th\u1ea7n.<\/p><p>Iktinos v\u00e0 Kallikrates thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd<\/span> theo phong c\u00e1ch Doric, Phidias t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng chryselephantine Athena Parthenos cao m\u01b0\u1eddi hai m\u00e9t. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 l\u00e0 kho b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd danh d\u1ef1; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd ho\u1eb7c mi\u1ebfu th\u1edd.\" tabindex=\"0\">t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1edd<\/span> ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Athene Polias \u0111\u1eb7t trong Erechtheion l\u00e2n c\u1eadn.<\/p><p>\u1ede \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y bi\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n g\u1eafn v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c tranh ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eefa Athene v\u00e0 Poseidon c\u00f9ng c\u00e2y \u00f4 liu thi\u00eang. Parthenon mang \u1edf hai h\u1ed3i ch\u00e2n c\u1ea3nh s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Athene (h\u1ed3i ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng) v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1edbi Poseidon (h\u1ed3i ph\u00eda t\u00e2y); c\u00e1c metope th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n Gigantomachie, Amazonomachie, Kentauromachie v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Troy.<\/p>\n<p>Erechtheion v\u1edbi S\u1ea3nh c\u00e1c Caryatid, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 421 \u0111\u1ebfn 406, l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. B\u00ean trong l\u01b0u gi\u1eef b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ed7 c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Athene, m\u1ed9t &#8220;xoanon&#8221;, m\u00e0 theo <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n mang t\u00ednh gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n, th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh.\" tabindex=\"0\">truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i t\u1eeb tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi xu\u1ed1ng.<\/p><p>V\u00e0o Plynteria, b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1edfi b\u1ecf trang ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 r\u1eeda trong bi\u1ec3n, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 l\u1ec5 Tonaia c\u1ee7a Samos d\u00e0nh cho Hera. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0110\u1ec1n th\u1edd<\/span> n\u00e0y t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang.\" tabindex=\"0\">t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Athene, Poseidon-Erechtheus v\u00e0 vua Kekrops, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i Athens, \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd<\/span> Athene \u1edf Sounion, \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng nam c\u1ee7a Attica, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd<\/span> Athene Aphaia tr\u00ean Aigina (th\u1ef1c ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho c\u00f5i thi\u00eang li\u00eang th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng.\" tabindex=\"0\">hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng<\/span> cho Aphaia nh\u01b0ng g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Athene), <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba<\/span> Athene Pronaia \u1edf Delphi v\u00e0 Athene Itonia \u1edf Thessaly.<\/p><p>\u1ede Ti\u1ec3u \u00c1, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd<\/span> Athene \u1edf Priene, do Pytheos x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, v\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd<\/span> Athene Lindia \u1edf Rhodes thu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Hellenistic. \u0110\u1ec1n th\u1edd Athene \u1edf Lindos l\u01b0u gi\u1eef Lindian Chronicle, m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ee5c v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng.\" tabindex=\"0\">v\u0103n bia<\/span> li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nh\u1eefng l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 s\u01a1 khai \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 99 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcb85f0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fcb85f0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-146581b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"146581b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d591b2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d591b2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cu\u1ed9c tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1edbi Poseidon v\u1ec1 Attica thu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Athens. Apollodoros (III, 14, 1) k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f2i quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ea7n linh. Poseidon \u0111\u00e2m \u0111inh ba c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh xu\u1ed1ng n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t Acropolis v\u00e0 l\u00e0m tr\u00e0o l\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n (ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t con ng\u1ef1a, t\u00f9y theo bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3); Athene tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y \u00f4 liu.<\/p><p>H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ea7n linh ho\u1eb7c vua Kekrops ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Athene, sau \u0111\u00f3 Poseidon tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn l\u0169. Phidias \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda cu\u1ed9c tranh ch\u1ea5p n\u00e0y tr\u00ean h\u1ed3i ph\u00eda t\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Parthenon. Pausanias (I, 26, 5) ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c trong Erechtheion m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb c\u00fa \u0111\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0111inh ba v\u00e0 gi\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n khi c\u00f3 gi\u00f3 nam th\u00ec nghe m\u00f9i bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<p>Trong cu\u1ed9c Chi\u1ebfn tranh Troia, Athene ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Hy L\u1ea1p. B\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho Odysseus qua &#8220;Odysseia&#8221;, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 Diomedes trong tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ares v\u00e0 Aphrodite (Ilias V), v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Epeios thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf con ng\u1ef1a g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Troia t\u1ef1 m\u1edf c\u1ed5ng th\u00e0nh.<\/p><p>C\u01a1n th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 sau chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng quay sang ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p, v\u00ec Ajax ng\u01b0\u1eddi Lokris \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m Kassandra trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u1eef th\u1ea7n (Euripides, Trojanerinnen 48 \u0111\u1ebfn 97); h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 b\u00e3o t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 tai h\u1ecda tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1.<\/p><p>Cu\u1ed9c tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 Palladion, b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a Athene \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi Troia, v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f2i quy\u1ec1n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef n\u00f3; Argos, Athens v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 Rome (qua Aeneas) \u0111\u00f2i nh\u1eadn b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn thi\u00eang li\u00eang cho nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>Trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1ec1 Medusa, Athene gi\u00fap Perseus ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7u Gorgo b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a cho anh ta chi\u1ebfc khi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng. B\u00e0 nh\u1eadn Gorgoneion l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Aigis.<\/p><p>\u1ede Apollodoros (II, 4, 3) v\u00e0 Ovid (Metamorphosen IV, 798 \u0111\u1ebfn 803) c\u00f3 hai ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a Gorgo; trong phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ovid, Medusa ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef xinh \u0111\u1eb9p tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf, sau khi b\u1ecb Poseidon x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd<\/span> c\u1ee7a Athene \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh n\u1eef th\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh sinh v\u1eadt kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp.<\/p><p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 h\u01a1n bi\u1ebft Medusa nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1ec1 Arachne (Ovid, Metamorphosen VI) cho th\u1ea5y Athene l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ea7n linh: C\u00f4 th\u1ee3 d\u1ec7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Lydia Arachne th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u1eef th\u1ea7n trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c thi v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m d\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi x\u1ea5u xa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.<\/p><p>Athene x\u00e9 tan t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u00e1nh Arachne b\u1eb1ng su\u1ed1t ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng bi\u1ebfn c\u00f4 th\u00e0nh con nh\u1ec7n. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 sau trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07f94f4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"07f94f4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6b8164 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b6b8164\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 trong \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43c6d57 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43c6d57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Athene \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 con g\u00e1i y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Zeus; trong &#8220;Ilias&#8221;, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh b\u00e0 mang chi\u1ebfc khi\u00ean Aigis c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i thay m\u1eb7t. L\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n (Ilias I, 396 \u0111\u1ebfn 406) b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u00e2m m\u01b0u tr\u00ean Olympos ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ng\u00e0i.<\/p><p>V\u1edbi c\u00e1c anh ch\u1ecb em Apollon v\u00e0 Artemis, b\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 y\u00ean b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ngang h\u00e0ng; c\u1ea3 ba \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n, t\u00e0i n\u0103ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u0169. V\u1edbi Hermes, b\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 kh\u00f4n ngoan, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u00ean Perseus, Herakles v\u00e0 Odysseus.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi Poseidon \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ngo\u00e0i Athens c\u00f2n \u1edf Troizen v\u00e0 Argos. V\u1edbi Ares, b\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u00f4ng khai: Athene \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, Ares \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u01a1n \u0111i\u00ean cu\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p><p>Trong Homer, Athene l\u00e0m Ares b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng qua tay Diomedes (Ilias V, 855 \u0111\u1ebfn 859), v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai g\u1eb7p nhau l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa trong Theomachia c\u1ee7a Ilias XX v\u00e0 XXI. V\u1edbi Aphrodite, b\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o, b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Paris; Athene \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a v\u1edbi Paris s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng trong chi\u1ebfn tranh, Aphrodite h\u1ee9a Helena.<\/p>\n<p>Hephaistos l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0; c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng Attica. Hephaisteion tr\u00ean Agora, th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb g\u1ecdi nh\u1ea7m l\u00e0 &#8220;Theseion&#8221;, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho c\u00f5i thi\u00eang li\u00eang th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng.\" tabindex=\"0\">hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng<\/span> cho c\u1ea3 hai v\u00e0 l\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd<\/span> Doric \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Hy L\u1ea1p.<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t g\u1eafn k\u1ebft Athene v\u1edbi c\u00e1c anh h\u00f9ng: Odysseus, Perseus, Bellerophon (b\u00e0 trao cho anh ta d\u00e2y c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0ng cho Pegasos), Diomedes, Iason v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Herakles nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 theo m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 theo \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Homer \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u00e2n th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n linh cao nh\u1ea5t.<\/p><p>Trong &#8220;Khi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Herakles&#8221; c\u1ee7a Hesiod, Athene xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u0169 trang, trang b\u1ecb cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh h\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n linh.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4341ec e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e4341ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60a0e01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"60a0e01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e94523b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e94523b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Minerva trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a La M\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c: Minerva ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n Etruscan Menrva, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t; chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch chi\u1ebfn binh c\u1ee7a Athene Hy L\u1ea1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u1edf Rome b\u1edfi Mars v\u00e0 Bellona.<\/p><p>Trong b\u1ed9 ba Capitoline c\u00f9ng Jupiter v\u00e0 Juno, Minerva v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n linh<\/span> nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trung t\u00e2m, v\u00e0 Domitian \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho b\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba<\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean Campus Martius. Quinquatrus, l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i n\u0103m ng\u00e0y v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng Ba, t\u00f4n vinh Minerva \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh; Ovid d\u00e0nh cho ch\u00fang ph\u1ea7n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft trong &#8220;Fasti&#8221; (III, 809 \u0111\u1ebfn 848).<\/p>\n<p>Trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa th\u1eddi C\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1eddi Trung \u0111\u1ea1i, kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 7.\" tabindex=\"0\">H\u1eadu k\u1ef3 C\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>, Athena Parthenos tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u0103n h\u00f3a: Procopius k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Athena Promachos v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng \u1edf Constantinople v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y trong cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n n\u0103m 1203.<\/p><p>Th\u1eddi Trung \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ebft Pallas ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7; trong &#8220;Roman de la Rose&#8221; v\u00e0 &#8220;Cit\u00e9 des Dames&#8221; c\u1ee7a Christine de Pizan, b\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ea7n h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c. &#8220;De claris mulieribus&#8221; c\u1ee7a Boccaccio \u0111\u01b0a b\u00e0 v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi C\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 Petrarca \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e0 trong &#8220;Africa&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n qua &#8220;Pallas v\u00e0 Centaur&#8221; c\u1ee7a Sandro Botticelli v\u00e0 &#8220;Pallas tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u&#8221; c\u1ee7a Andrea Mantegna. Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m coi Pallas Athene nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Khai s\u00e1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Schiller ca ng\u1ee3i trong c\u00e2u \u0111\u00f4i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng &#8220;Die sch\u00f6nste Wissenschaft&#8221;.<\/p><p>Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edn bi\u1ebfn b\u00e0 th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng huy hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n h\u00e0n l\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0n l\u00e2m Khoa h\u1ecdc Berlin v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Athens, t\u1ea1i s\u1ea3nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u1eef th\u1ea7n theo m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a Phidias.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Klaus Vierneisel v\u00e0 Peter Zanker v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc Athena \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y trong ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a C\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edn.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64df9ac e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"64df9ac\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4eb67d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4eb67d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17c1d6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17c1d6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00ean Athene v\u1eabn c\u00f2n tranh c\u00e3i. M\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u1ea4n-\u00c2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra; h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Robert Beekes, cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ti\u1ec1n Hy L\u1ea1p t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng Aegean. Ch\u1eef Tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh B ghi m\u1ed9t t\u00ean g\u1ecdi &#8220;a-ta-na-po-ti-ni-ja&#8221; (&#8220;N\u1eef ch\u00faa Athana&#8221;) trong m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ee5c v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng.\" tabindex=\"0\">v\u0103n bia<\/span> t\u1eeb Knossos, g\u1ee3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1eef th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh l\u0169y ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 cung \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p><p>Martin P. Nilsson coi Athene l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a n\u1eef ch\u00faa cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Mycenae, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng chi\u1ebfn binh v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n cung \u0111i\u1ec7n sang t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o polis.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 so s\u00e1nh \u1ea4n-\u00c2u, Athene cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1edbi Minerva La M\u00e3 (qua trung gian Etruscan) v\u00e0 Sarasvati \u1ea4n-Aryan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 gi\u1eefa chi\u1ebfn binh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p trong t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u so s\u00e1nh \u1ea4n-\u00c2u v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t n\u1eef th\u1ea7n c\u01a1 t\u1ea7ng Aegean.<\/p><p>Georges Dum\u00e9zil kh\u00f4ng x\u1ebfp Athene m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ba ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng: B\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 ba ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n linh<\/span> \u1ea4n-\u00c2u nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n linh c\u01a1 t\u1ea7ng.<\/p>\n<p>Walter Burkert v\u00e0 Jean-Pierre Vernant \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gi\u1eefa Athene v\u00e0 Ares nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p: Athene \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn polis v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i, Ares \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u01a1n \u0111i\u00ean cu\u1ed3ng h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Hy L\u1ea1p.<\/p><p>Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Joan Connelly (2014), r\u1eb1ng frieze Parthenon kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c r\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o trang tr\u1ecdng.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u00e1m r\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> Panathenaia m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn t\u1ebf huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i c\u00e1c con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Erechtheus, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01a1i d\u1eady m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Athens. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua nh\u00ecn chung nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Athene nh\u01b0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.\" tabindex=\"0\">bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Athens.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3162f43 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3162f43\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb06698 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bb06698\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c02019 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c02019\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Homer, &#8220;Ilias&#8221; (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 V, XV, XX \u0111\u1ebfn XXII) v\u00e0 &#8220;Odyssee&#8221; (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 I, V, XIII). Hesiod, &#8220;Theogonie&#8221; 886 \u0111\u1ebfn 900 v\u00e0 924 \u0111\u1ebfn 926. Apollodor, &#8220;Bibliotheke&#8221;, III, 14 (tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 Attika, Erichthonios).<\/p><p>Pausanias, &#8220;Beschreibung Griechenlands&#8221;, I, 24 \u0111\u1ebfn 28 (Akropolis); Herodot, &#8220;Historien&#8221;, IV, 180 (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang.\" tabindex=\"0\">nghi l\u1ec5 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng<\/span> Athene c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Libya). Ovid, &#8220;Metamorphosen&#8221;, VI, 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 145 (Arachne) v\u00e0 IV, 798 \u0111\u1ebfn 803 (Medusa).<\/p><p>Ovid, &#8220;Fasti&#8221; III, 809 \u0111\u1ebfn 848 (Quinquatrus). Pindar, Olympische Oden VII. Euripides, &#8220;Ion&#8221; v\u00e0 &#8220;Trojanerinnen&#8221;.<\/p><p>Walter Burkert, &#8220;Griechische Religion der archaischen und klassischen Epoche&#8221;, Stuttgart 1977. Karl Ker\u00e9nyi, &#8220;Die <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mythologie<\/span> der Griechen&#8221;, Z\u00fcrich 1951. Jean-Pierre Vernant, &#8220;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mythos<\/span> und Gesellschaft im alten Griechenland&#8221;, Frankfurt am Main 1987. Joan Breton Connelly, &#8220;The Parthenon Enigma&#8221;, New York 2014.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Athene, n\u1eef th\u1ea7n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Athens V\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Athens, Athene k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00e0nh bang. Athene, trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef Attica g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Athena, thu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2982,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Athene","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Athene - N\u1eef th\u1ea7n Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, Th\u1ea7n h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Athens | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Athene l\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, sinh ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Zeus - th\u1ea7n h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Athens, v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00fa v\u00e0 Aigis.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"1","wesen_kultur":"griechenland","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-89349","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Athene - N\u1eef th\u1ea7n Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, Th\u1ea7n h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Athens | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Athene l\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, sinh ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Zeus - th\u1ea7n h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Athens, v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00fa v\u00e0 Aigis.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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