{"id":89142,"date":"2026-08-02T23:52:17","date_gmt":"2026-08-02T23:52:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gallu-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-02T23:52:36","modified_gmt":"2026-08-02T23:52:36","slug":"gallu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/vi\/gallu\/","title":{"rendered":"Gallu"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"89142\" class=\"elementor elementor-89142 elementor-724\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gallu, qu\u1ef7 trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Mesopotamia<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Qu\u1ef7 \u00e2m ph\u1ee7, s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi h\u00e0nh \u00e1n l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean kia.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Qu\u1ef7 \/ N\u1eef qu\u1ef7: Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 si\u00eau nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. \u0110\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, g\u00e2y ra b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 ho\u1eb7c tai h\u1ecda v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xua \u0111u\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00f9 ch\u00fa, c\u00e1c v\u1eadt apotropaic v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5.\">Qu\u1ef7<\/span><a href=\"\/vi\/mesopotamien\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"C\u00e1i n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p, Sumer, Akkad, Babylon, Assyria (kho\u1ea3ng 3500 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 330 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean).\">Mesopotamia<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Kh\\u00f4ng t\\u00ecm th\\u1ea5y ti\\u00eau \\u0111\\u1ec1 n\\u00e0o tr\\u00ean trang n\\u00e0y.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tM\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_mesopotamien_gallu-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1707\" alt=\"Gallu - D\u00e4monen aus der Mesopotamien-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_mesopotamien_gallu-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_mesopotamien_gallu-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_mesopotamien_gallu-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_mesopotamien_gallu.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gallu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gallu l\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u00e2m linh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c m\u01a1 h\u1ed3.\" tabindex=\"0\">qu\u1ef7<\/span> trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Mesopotamia.<\/p><p>Gall\u00fb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng qu\u1ef7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Mesopotamia. Ch\u00fang g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u00e2m ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 n\u1eef ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n Ere\u0161kigal, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n nghi l\u1ec5 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb thi h\u00e0nh c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xa c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n: c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0103n, kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p><p>Trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Inanna xu\u1ed1ng \u00e2m ph\u1ee7, ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c Gall\u00fb l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay th\u1ebf cho n\u1eef th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 d\u1eabn Dumuzi v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u00e2m ty. C\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn ng\u00e0y nay: Gall\u00fb l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft: Gallu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gallu (ti\u1ebfng Akkad: gal-lu, &#8220;v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i&#8221;) l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 qu\u1ef7 ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ef7 \u00e2m ph\u1ee7 trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> Mesopotamia. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u1eef h\u00ecnh n\u00eam t\u1eeb Sumer \u0111\u1ebfn Babylon v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a n\u1eef th\u1ea7n \u00e2m ph\u1ee7 Ereshkigal ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft Nergal. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 Gall\u00fb tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i Sumer s\u01a1 k\u1ef3 (thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean) cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi T\u00e2n Babylon v\u00e0 Achaemenid. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ef7 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong su\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u00f3a Mesopotamia.<\/p><p><strong>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Gallu<\/em>, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a \u00e2m ph\u1ee7, l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 <em>Ereshkigal<\/em>, n\u1eef ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u00e2m ty. <em>Gallu<\/em> kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u00e1c theo ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n th\u1ef1c thi \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a <em>Ereshkigal<\/em>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi h\u00e0nh m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0, k\u1ebb b\u1eaft gi\u1eef linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u00e0o \u00e2m ph\u1ee7.<\/p><p>Ch\u00fang b\u1ecb e s\u1ee3 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. <em>Gallu<\/em> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ef7 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft ch\u1edbp nho\u00e1ng, k\u00e9o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u01b0\u01a1ng gian. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho t\u00ednh t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gallu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t Babylon v\u00e0 Assyria, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh xu\u1ed1ng \u00e2m ph\u1ee7 (chu k\u1ef3 Inanna-Ereshkigal, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n song song c\u0169ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong ti\u1ebfng Hittite). Ch\u00fang b\u1ecb e s\u1ee3 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0 t\u1eeb Sumer \u0111\u1ebfn Assyria v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u00f9a ch\u00fa v\u00e0 nghi l\u1ec5 apotropaic.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Gallu c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1. C\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i ch\u1eef h\u00ecnh n\u00eam v\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Babylon c\u1ed5 (kho\u1ea3ng 1800, 1600 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean) c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n song song Assyria mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Assyriologie Bott\u00e9ro, Wiggermann v\u00e0 Schwemer \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00fang v\u00e0o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh qu\u1ef7 h\u1ecdc Mesopotamia. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i Gallu c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, do c\u00e1c phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00ean g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ti\u1ebfng Sumer:<\/strong> <em>gal-l\u00e1<\/em>.<br>Ti\u1ebfng Akkad: <em>gall\u00fb<\/em>.<br>Th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng theo nh\u00f3m: ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 &#8220;b\u1ea3y Gall\u00fb&#8221;, m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00f4-t\u00edp<\/span> con s\u1ed1 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng trong qu\u1ef7 h\u1ecdc Mesopotamia.<\/p><p>Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean c\u00f2n g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i; c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ch\u1ec9 &#8220;ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi h\u00e0nh&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c&#8221;. Quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh: Gall\u00fb lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c thi, hi\u1ebfm khi l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n theo nh\u00f3m, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a \u00e2m ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean ri\u00eang.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">M\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o<\/strong><\/p><p>C\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 Gall\u00fb ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu qua nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang <em>kh\u00f4ng<\/em> c\u00f3. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0103n, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o. Khi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u1ef1c quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u00fang hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1edd \u1ea3o, g\u00e2y khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh. V\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00fang thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u00f3m qu\u1ef7 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Mesopotamia.<\/p><p><strong>H\u00e0nh vi<\/strong><\/p><p>Gall\u00fb \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111i. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0a linh h\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i v\u00e0o \u00e2m ph\u1ee7, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay th\u1ebf khi tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 b\u1ecb x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n, v\u00e0 thi h\u00e0nh \u00e1n l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng; l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt hay b\u00f9a ch\u00fa ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng trong nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nghi l\u1ec5 h\u1eb9p.<\/p><p><strong>Ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/strong><\/p><p>Ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, gi\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i, nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1eeda nghi l\u1ec5. Ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng hay c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra, ho\u1eb7c n\u01a1i tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay th\u1ebf.<\/p><p><strong>Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/p><p>Gall\u00fb l\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u1edb c\u1ee7a \u00e2m ph\u1ee7, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Ere\u0161kigal. Trong &#8220;Cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Inanna xu\u1ed1ng \u00e2m ph\u1ee7&#8221;, ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m bu\u1ed9c n\u1eef th\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i v\u00e0o \u00e2m ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i Dumuzi l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay th\u1ebf. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac: ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1nh tay n\u1ed1i d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u00e2m ph\u1ee7 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng.<\/p><p><strong>Di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Gallu<\/em> th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3, t\u1ed1i t\u0103m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m si\u00eau nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang th\u00e2n x\u00e1c th\u00fa v\u1eadt (s\u01b0 t\u1eed, b\u00f2 \u0111\u1ef1c), m\u1eaft r\u1ef1c l\u1eeda v\u00e0 m\u00f3ng vu\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e0ng. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda theo d\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m qu\u1ef7 d\u1ecb, s\u1eebng, m\u1eb7t \u0111en t\u1ed1i, v\u1ebb m\u1eb7t kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp.<\/p><p><em>Gallu<\/em> th\u01b0\u1eddng mang x\u00edch ho\u1eb7c d\u00e2y tr\u00f3i, v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb b\u1eaft c\u00f3c v\u00e0 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c. Th\u00e2n x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111en ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecf th\u1eabm. Ch\u00fang di chuy\u1ec3n nhanh v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u1ea1nh l\u1ebdo v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Th\u00f4ng tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: Gallu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Gall\u00fb trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan. Ph\u1ea7n chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, c\u00e1ch xua \u0111u\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2, 3, 5 v\u00e0 6.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Gallu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>T\u00f4i t\u1edb c\u1ee7a \u00e2m ph\u1ee7, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Ere\u0161kigal. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn theo nh\u00f3m, &#8220;b\u1ea3y Gall\u00fb&#8221;. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb thi h\u00e0nh \u00e1n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 Gallu nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1eeda nghi l\u1ec5, k\u1ebb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay th\u1ebf trong cu\u1ed9c trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c (nh\u01b0 Dumuzi thay cho Inanna).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Gallu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh b\u1ecb che gi\u1ea5u: &#8220;kh\u00f4ng \u0103n th\u1ee9c \u0103n, kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o&#8221;. M\u1edd \u1ea3o, g\u00e2y khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t, c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111o\u1ea1t linh h\u1ed3n, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt di\u1ec5n ra nhanh ch\u00f3ng, s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n.\" tabindex=\"0\">nghi l\u1ec5<\/span>. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">B\u1ea3o h\u1ed9<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u00e1c b\u00f9a ch\u00fa k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u00e2m ph\u1ee7, nghi l\u1ec5 thanh t\u1ea9y, l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt thay th\u1ebf (h\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang mang \u0111i thay cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Erinyes v\u00e0 Keres (Hy L\u1ea1p), Thanatos (Hy L\u1ea1p), Tzitzimime (Aztec), m\u00f4-t\u00edp s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ea7n Ch\u1ebft C\u1ea7m L\u01b0\u1ee1i H\u00e1i trong t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u00e2n gian v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Xua \u0111u\u1ed5i trong \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Nghi l\u1ec5 xua \u0111u\u1ed5i<\/strong><\/p><p>C\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Gall\u00fb kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ch\u00fang, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thay th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i: m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n thay th\u1ebf mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1ed9t con v\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh nh\u1ecf l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9t nh\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c &#8220;d\u00e2ng&#8221; cho Gall\u00fb thay cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3.\" tabindex=\"0\">M\u00f4-t\u00edp<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i trong &#8220;Cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Inanna xu\u1ed1ng \u00e2m ph\u1ee7&#8221;.<\/p><p><strong>B\u00f9a ch\u00fa<\/strong><\/p><p>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c tri\u1ec7u g\u1ecdi Gall\u00fb, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 ra l\u1ec7nh cho ch\u00fang quay v\u1ec1 \u00e2m ph\u1ee7. Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, m\u1ed9t th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea7u, m\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1eabn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00f9a ch\u00fa Mesopotamia: nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n, h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a, tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1.<\/p><p><strong>B\u00f9a h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9<\/strong><\/p><p>B\u00f9a h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 ch\u1ed1ng Gall\u00fb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh; quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 cho nh\u00e0, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. S\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 d\u1ef1a \u00edt h\u01a1n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3, nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.<\/p><p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang.\" tabindex=\"0\">T\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Gallu<\/em> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, m\u00e0 b\u1ecb e s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 xua \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng b\u00f9a ch\u00fa v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9. C\u00e1c b\u00f9a h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh ch\u1ed1ng <em>Gallu<\/em> kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 tu s\u0129 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 xua \u0111u\u1ed5i <em>Gallu<\/em>. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y c\u0169ng tri\u1ec7u g\u1ecdi <em>Gallu<\/em> trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u1eb1m can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.\" tabindex=\"0\">ph\u00e9p thu\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho k\u1ebb th\u00f9 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng. <em>Gallu<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea3m, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gallu, c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Hy L\u1ea1p &#8211; La M\u00e3<\/strong><\/p><p>Keres v\u00e0 Erinyes l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t. Keres b\u1eaft l\u1ea5y linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng, Erinyes tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t t\u1ed9i gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Thanatos v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 lan truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u00f4-t\u00edp sang c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh La M\u00e3 v\u00e0 Hellenist.<\/p><p><strong>Trung M\u1ef9:<\/strong> Tzitzimime c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Aztec l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ef7 ban \u0111\u00eam, \u0111e d\u1ecda s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a chu k\u1ef3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb thi h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft c\u1ee5c v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 s\u1eafp x\u1ea3y ra t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u1edbi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00f4-t\u00edp<\/span> Gall\u00fb.<\/p><p><strong>Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u00e2n gian v\u1ec1 sau)<\/strong><\/p><p>H\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ea7n Ch\u1ebft C\u1ea7m L\u01b0\u1ee1i H\u00e1i trong th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00f4-t\u00edp<\/span> v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft. D\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n ra: m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6b4c7f2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp6b4c7f2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf63bbd9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf63bbd9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gallu trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Inanna xu\u1ed1ng \u00e2m ph\u1ee7<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb2f05e6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpb2f05e6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp090b38f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp090b38f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Gallu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> Sumer v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Inanna xu\u1ed1ng \u00e2m ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 trong ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n ch\u0103n c\u1eebu Dumuzi. V\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i d\u1ef1ng chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Sumer.<\/p><p>N\u1eef th\u1ea7n Inanna h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng \u00e2m ph\u1ee7, v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecb g\u00e1i Ereschkigal, v\u00e0 b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ecb treo l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u1ecdc.<\/p><p>Nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n Enki, b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed3i sinh, nh\u01b0ng \u00e2m ph\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea3 ai \u0111i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay th\u1ebf. Inanna ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n s\u1ebd \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng thay cho b\u00e0. Trong cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9 t\u1ed1ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c Gallu, nh\u1eefng qu\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a \u00e2m ph\u1ee7.<\/p><p>V\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Gallu n\u00e0y v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0103n th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn gia \u0111\u00ecnh, con c\u00e1i, t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n.<\/p><p>Ch\u00fang gi\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef kh\u1ecfi tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb kh\u1ecfi ng\u1ef1c v\u00fa nu\u00f4i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p><p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay th\u1ebf cho Inanna cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng Dumuzi c\u1ee7a b\u00e0, k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 tang b\u00e0. C\u00e1c Gallu s\u0103n \u0111u\u1ed5i \u00f4ng, \u00f4ng b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft v\u00e0 b\u1ecb k\u00e9o xu\u1ed1ng \u00e2m ph\u1ee7.<\/p><p>Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L\u1ec5 v\u1eadt d\u00e2ng l\u00ean th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n, c\u1ea7u xin ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecb g\u00e1i Geschtinanna, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu thay th\u1ebf \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u0103m, s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9. Trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, Gallu l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb thi h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 mua chu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u00e2m ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa089d48 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa089d48\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp08389ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp08389ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gallu trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n b\u00f9a ch\u00fa v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c xua \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2638a3d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2638a3d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp62342d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp62342d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ngo\u00e0i v\u0103n h\u1ecdc k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n, Gallu xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n b\u00f9a ch\u00fa v\u00e0 xua \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Mesopotamia. C\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Akkad v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Sumer tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, tai h\u1ecda v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ef7.<\/p><p>Trong d\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfng Akkad, t\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 <em>gallu<\/em> ho\u1eb7c trong s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ean qu\u1ef7 kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 B\u1ea3y, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m \u00e1c qu\u1ef7, trong c\u00e1c danh s\u00e1ch li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang Gallu xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c qu\u1ef7 xuy\u00ean qua c\u1eeda v\u00e0 then c\u00e0i, b\u00e1m theo c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7.<\/p><p>Vi\u1ec7c xua \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 b\u00f9a ch\u00fa, \u1edf Mesopotamia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>aschipu<\/em>. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Ea, con trai c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Marduk v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n l\u1eeda, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ef7, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e8m theo, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1t c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n thay th\u1ebf, x\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 r\u1ea3y n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 b\u00f9a h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y. T\u1eeb c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 Mesopotamia, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1eeda, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft.<\/p><p>B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng Gallu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kho nghi l\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3. C\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ng\u00e0nh qu\u1ef7 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 y h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ef7 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp151a219 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp151a219\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpff1f89a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpff1f89a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u1eeb t\u1eeb Sumer \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ef7 Akkad: t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp762d4d1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp762d4d1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpddc3fe0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpddc3fe0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>T\u00ean Gallu \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong ng\u00e0nh Assyriologie. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c Sumer v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ef7 \u00e2m ph\u1ee7, m\u1ed9t t\u00f4i t\u1edb ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebb b\u1eaft gi\u1eef c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o ti\u1ebfng Akkad nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n.<\/p><p>Gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i Gallu v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n trong Mesopotamia. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c t\u00ean g\u1ecdi qu\u1ef7, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 <a href=\"\/vi\/utukku\/\">Utukku<\/a>, Rabisu, Lilu v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o nhau. Gallu thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u00e2m ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c mang ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c.<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ri\u00eang li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 sau. Trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Aramaic mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Do Th\u00e1i, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00ean g\u1ecdi qu\u1ef7 nghe v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u00e2m thanh g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn <em>gallu<\/em>, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba t\u1eeb di s\u1ea3n Mesopotamia hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p><p>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t; s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ef7 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a C\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p><p>\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Mesopotamia \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 Gallu.<\/p><p>Gallu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng; ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang.\" tabindex=\"0\">t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span>, m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 xua \u0111u\u1ed5i. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Mesopotamia v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi qu\u1ef7.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00eam<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"\/vi\/edimmu\/\">Edimmu, h\u1ed3n ma ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft Mesopotamia c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/lamashtu\/\">Lamashtu, n\u1eef qu\u1ef7 Mesopotamia c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/pazuzu\/\">Pazuzu, v\u1eadt apotropaic ch\u1ed1ng Lamashtu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ef7 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/ereshkigal\/\">Ereshkigal, n\u1eef ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n \u00e2m ph\u1ee7, ng\u01b0\u1eddi sai khi\u1ebfn Galla<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/nergal\/\">Nergal, th\u1ea7n \u00e2m ph\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ed3ng minh<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/rabisu\/\">Rabisu, qu\u1ef7 &#8220;r\u00ecnh r\u1eadp&#8221; c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/mesopotamien\/\">Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Mesopotamia, b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Bott\u00e9ro, Jean: <em>Mesopotamia: Writing, Reasoning, and the Gods<\/em>. University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1992.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Black, Jeremy \/ Green, Anthony: <em>Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia<\/em>. British Museum Press, London 1992.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Wiggermann, Frans A.M.: <em>Mesopotamian Protective Spirits: The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 quy t\u1eafc, mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ritual<\/span> Texts<\/em>. Styx, Groningen 1992.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Foster, Benjamin R.: <em>Before the Muses: An Anthology of Akkadian Literature<\/em>. CDL Press, Bethesda 2005.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Lambert, W. G.: <em>Babylonian Wisdom Literature<\/em>. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1960.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Hee\u00dfel, Nils P.: <em>Babylonisch-assyrische Diagnostik<\/em>. AOAT 43, M\u00fcnster 2000.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-gallu-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-gallu-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-gallu\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-gallu-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-gallu-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. iWell Guard k\u1ebf th\u1eeba d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111eo mang v\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3. <a href=\"\/vi\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gallu, qu\u1ef7 trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Mesopotamia Qu\u1ef7 \u00e2m ph\u1ee7, s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi h\u00e0nh \u00e1n l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean kia. Qu\u1ef7Mesopotamia M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c Gallu Gallu l\u00e0 qu\u1ef7 trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Mesopotamia. Gall\u00fb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng qu\u1ef7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Mesopotamia. Ch\u00fang g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u00e2m ph\u1ee7 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1707,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Gallu","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Gallu - Qu\u1ef7 trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Mesopotamia | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Gall\u00fb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng qu\u1ef7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Mesopotamia. Ch\u00fang g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u00e2m ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 n\u1eef ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n Ere\u0161kigal","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"4","wesen_kultur":"mesopotamien","wesen_klasse":"daemonen","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-89142","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gallu - Qu\u1ef7 trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Mesopotamia | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Gall\u00fb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng qu\u1ef7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Mesopotamia. 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