{"id":89089,"date":"2026-08-02T23:49:01","date_gmt":"2026-08-02T23:49:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/supay-ac-linh-va-chua-te-coi-am-vung-andes\/"},"modified":"2026-08-02T23:49:22","modified_gmt":"2026-08-02T23:49:22","slug":"supay","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/vi\/supay\/","title":{"rendered":"Supay &#8211; \u00c1c linh v\u00e0 ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u00f5i \u00e2m v\u00f9ng Andes"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"89089\" class=\"elementor elementor-89089 elementor-2580\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Supay, \u00e1c linh, ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u00f5i \u00e2m v\u00e0 qu\u1ef7 h\u1ea7m m\u1ecf c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean Andes<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Supay (ti\u1ebfng Quechua <em>supay<\/em>, ti\u1ebfng Aymara <em>supaya<\/em>) trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Andes ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i l\u1eabn m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cai qu\u1ea3n c\u00f5i \u00e2m. \u1ede v\u00f9ng khai m\u1ecf Bolivia, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh <em>Tio<\/em>, qu\u1ef7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ecf b\u1ea1c Potos\u00ed v\u00e0 Oruro.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c1c linh c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Andes \/ Inca.\">\u00c1c linh<\/span><a href=\"\/vi\/anden-inka\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Andes \/ Inca.\">Andes \/ Inca<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Qu\u1ef7 c\u00f5i \u00e2m.\">Qu\u1ef7 c\u00f5i \u00e2m<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Kh\\u00f4ng t\\u00ecm th\\u1ea5y ti\\u00eau \\u0111\\u1ec1 n\\u00e0o tr\\u00ean trang n\\u00e0y.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tM\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-supay-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-supay-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-supay-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_anden-inka_supay-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2675\" alt=\"Supay - Geister aus der Anden-inka-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_anden-inka_supay-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_anden-inka_supay-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_anden-inka_supay-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_anden-inka_supay.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i trong \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n Andes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Supay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Andes. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i cao mang t\u00ednh nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc &#8211; \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 <a href=\"\/vi\/inti\/\">Inti<\/a>, <a href=\"\/vi\/viracocha\/\">Viracocha<\/a> v\u00e0 <a href=\"\/vi\/mama-killa\/\">Mama Killa<\/a>, Supay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Trong c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n Quechua s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t, Supay ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 phi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i, bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ed3n ma ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, qu\u1ef7 g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh, k\u1ebb qu\u1ea5y r\u1ea7y ban \u0111\u00eam, v\u00e0 song song \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt cai tr\u1ecb c\u00f5i \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <em>supay<\/em> t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16 nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng trong ti\u1ebfng Quechua cho qu\u1ef7 Satan c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o (<em>diablo<\/em>).<\/p><p>S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t h\u00f3a n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m \u00fd ngh\u0129a ban \u0111\u1ea7u: trong khi qu\u1ef7 Satan c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh dung l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c thu\u1ea7n \u00e1c, th\u00ec supay trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc<\/span> Andes ti\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u01b0ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu \u00edch, v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u00e1c thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay.<\/p><p>Nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Peru Manuel Marzal \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ef1 m\u00e9o l\u1ec7ch supay\/diablo trong <em>El mundo religioso de Urcos<\/em> (1971).<\/p><p>Trong ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc, Supay thu\u1ed9c danh m\u1ee5c r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c <em>th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u1ea7n linh thu\u1ed9c c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea7ng<\/em>, t\u1ee9c c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u, l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t, hang \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ebfng m\u1ecf.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 Hades c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p, Hel c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Germanic, Mictlantecuhtli c\u1ee7a Trung M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 theo m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3 Baron Samedi c\u1ee7a Vodou. Trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c ng\u1ea7m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p><p>\u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t s\u1edbm c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Inca n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Quechua kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u00e1c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. Polo de Ondegardo ghi nh\u1eadn n\u0103m 1559 r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Inca bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t mang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1i \u00e1c nh\u01b0 qu\u1ef7 Satan c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o.<\/p><p>Quan s\u00e1t n\u00e0y ban \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o xem l\u00e0 khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t h\u00f3a supay\/diablo, m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1eadn t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00ean g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Quechua <em>supay<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p trong c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t. Diego Gonzalez Holguin n\u0103m 1608 ghi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 <em>demonio o sombra<\/em>, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u00e2m linh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c m\u01a1 h\u1ed3.\" tabindex=\"0\">qu\u1ef7<\/span> ho\u1eb7c b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i. \u00dd ngh\u0129a k\u00e9p n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd: <em>Sombra<\/em> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 phi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1m theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. S\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u <em>supaykuna<\/em> ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p><p>Trong v\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Aymara, t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 <em>supaya<\/em> ho\u1eb7c <em>saxra<\/em>. T\u1eeb sau ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng Aymara \u1edf Bolivia v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c \u00e1c linh tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (xo\u00e1y n\u01b0\u1edbc, khe \u0111\u00e1, hang \u0111\u1ed9ng).<\/p><p>Trong c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Quechua hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, <em>supay<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p><p>Catherine Allen trong <em>The Hold Life Has<\/em> (2002) ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ba tr\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129a: th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t <em>supay<\/em> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean g\u1ecdi mang t\u00ednh mi\u1ec7t th\u1ecb d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o (theo ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o), th\u1ee9 hai <em>supay<\/em> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean g\u1ecdi chung cho m\u1ed9t \u00e1c linh c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng m\u1edd, th\u1ee9 ba <em>supay<\/em> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t danh hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ecb ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 n\u00fai nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (Apu) ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbp t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean (mallqui), nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea7y k\u00ednh s\u1ee3.<\/p><p>S\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a <em>supay<\/em> v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb Quechua <em>supay-<\/em> (b\u1ecb gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i bay, b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n \u0111i) \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc suy \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng ngh\u0129a g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 phi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">linh h\u1ed3n<\/span> b\u1ecb gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i bay<\/em>, m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 sau khi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng.<\/p><p>Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn qua nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 supay nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 phi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">linh h\u1ed3n<\/span> gi\u00f3<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Trong c\u00e1c bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed s\u1edbm, Supay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, tho\u00e1ng hi\u1ec7n, qu\u1ea5y ph\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7, trong b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c trong \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i. Kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho quan ni\u1ec7m c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Andes v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u00e1c linh; ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 b\u1ecb s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p><p>C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t h\u00f3a v\u1edbi qu\u1ef7 Satan c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3. Trong tranh v\u1ebd tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Cusco v\u00e0 Potos\u00ed th\u1eddi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, Supay ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng qu\u1ef7 ki\u1ec3u ch\u00e2u \u00c2u: c\u00f3 s\u1eebng, \u0111u\u00f4i d\u00e0i, ch\u00e2n d\u00ea, \u0111\u00f4i khi bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi kh\u00f3i l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh.<\/p><p>B\u1ee9c tranh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng <em>Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng l\u00e3nh thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n Michael<\/em> (tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Cusco, th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17) minh h\u1ecda nhi\u1ec1u Supay nh\u01b0 v\u1eady d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n v\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng l\u00e3nh thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n.<\/p><p>\u1ede v\u00f9ng khai m\u1ecf Bolivia, t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc Tio ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t: c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng n\u1eb7n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t v\u1edbi m\u1eaft v\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 s\u1eebng, mi\u1ec7ng ng\u1eadm \u0111i\u1ebfu thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eadt c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00ec nhi\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1eb9 sinh ra b\u1ea1c.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Tio n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m khai m\u1ecf trong v\u00f9ng Potos\u00ed &#8211; Oruro. June Nash \u0111\u00e3 ghi ch\u00e9p t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 trong <em>We Eat the Mines and the Mines Eat Us<\/em> (1979).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7.\" tabindex=\"0\">Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 Supay mang t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh. Trong b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o Huarochir\u00ed (kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1608), nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 supay xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt anh h\u00f9ng; ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng m\u01b0u tr\u00ed ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb xua \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nghi l\u1ec5.<\/p><p>Crist\u00f3bal de Albornoz m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong <em>Instrucci\u00f3n para descubrir todas las guacas<\/em> (kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1581) nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp supay, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 <em>aya supay<\/em> (h\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft), <em>chuqui supay<\/em> (linh h\u1ed3n gi\u00e1o, t\u1ee9c qu\u1ef7 chi\u1ebfn binh) v\u00e0 <em>llocsi supay<\/em> (k\u1ebb b\u01b0\u1edbc ra, t\u1ee9c c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n lang thang g\u00e2y kinh ho\u00e0ng).<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Quechua li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn <em>condenado<\/em> (k\u1ebb b\u1ecb nguy\u1ec1n r\u1ee7a): m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u00ec t\u1ed9i lo\u1ea1n lu\u00e2n, gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i \u00e1c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean kia v\u00e0 lang thang nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t Supay.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c condenado n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u1ea3ng v\u1ea3ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam, hi\u1ec7n ra v\u1edbi l\u1eef kh\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bu\u1ed3n b\u00e3 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 k\u00e9o ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft. Catherine Allen \u0111\u00e3 ghi ch\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n condenado nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cho l\u00e0ng Sonqo.<\/p><p>Trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> khai m\u1ecf c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng Andes Bolivia, Supay\/Tio xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ecf b\u1ea1c. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n trung t\u00e2m m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Tio v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi han: Tio h\u1ee9a s\u1ebd cho nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1c, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f2i l\u00e1 coca, r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i.<\/p><p>C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y mang t\u00ednh huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1 tai n\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd qua th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nghi l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang.\" tabindex=\"0\">t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> Tio.<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 <em>pishtaco<\/em>, m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng th\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Supay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng Andes g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n. Pishtaco l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 da tr\u1eafng, h\u00fat m\u1ee1, d\u00f9ng m\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L\u1ec5 v\u1eadt d\u00e2ng l\u00ean th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n, c\u1ea7u xin ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh.\" tabindex=\"0\">n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafp v\u00e0o m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p><p>C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf. Mary Weismantel trong <em>Cholas and Pishtacos<\/em> (2001) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1ch c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y x\u1eed l\u00fd mang t\u00ednh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00e1c c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u gi\u1eefa d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c phi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 nghi l\u1ec5 khai m\u1ecf<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang.\" tabindex=\"0\">T\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> Supay th\u1eddi Inca ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c: c\u00e1c Supay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng linh h\u1ed3n m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nghi l\u1ec5.<\/p><p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 thanh t\u1ea9y <em>Citua<\/em> h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m t\u1ea1i Cusco (th\u00e1ng Ch\u00edn), trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn binh c\u1ea7m \u0111u\u1ed1c di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh qua th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, xua \u0111u\u1ed5i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 supay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n ra kh\u1ecfi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, v\u00e0 r\u1eeda tr\u00f4i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p><p>T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17, m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang.\" tabindex=\"0\">t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> Tio \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng khai m\u1ecf Bolivia, v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa s\u1ef1 xua \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sang vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c vun \u0111\u1eafp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi qu\u1ef7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m.<\/p><p>V\u00e0o m\u1ed7i th\u1ee9 Ba v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u, th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf d\u00e2ng l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt cho Tio b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00e1 coca l\u00ean \u0111\u00f9i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, r\u00f3t r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0o mi\u1ec7ng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u00e9t \u0111i\u1ebfu thu\u1ed1c \u0111ang ch\u00e1y v\u00e0o mi\u1ec7ng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u xin Tio ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an to\u00e0n.<\/p><p>\u0110\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 <em>Carnaval Minero<\/em> (L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Carnaval c\u1ee7a th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf) h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m t\u1ea1i Oruro, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a phi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2001.<\/p><p>Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa <em>Diablada<\/em>, di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Tio tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u1ed5ng l\u00e3nh thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n Michael, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u0169 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc<\/span> Supay ti\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd qu\u1ef7 h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 Diablo b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1c n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Carnaval Oruro v\u1eeba l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u1eeba l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p><p>V\u00f9ng khai m\u1ecf Potos\u00ed t\u1eeb khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ecf b\u1ea1c n\u0103m 1545 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n T\u00e2y Ban Nha. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Potos\u00ed v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 160.000 d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p><p>Con s\u1ed1 t\u1eed vong kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba theo ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Mita, h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf ch\u1ebft h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m v\u00ec ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n, tai n\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc<\/span> Tio v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o cho n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Carnaval Oruro &#8211; Bolivia cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 apotropaic<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c Supay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng phong ph\u00fa nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n gian Andes. Catherine Allen, Joseph Bastien v\u00e0 Olivia Harris \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh li\u00ean quan n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 trung t\u00e2m bao g\u1ed3m: \u0111eo s\u1ee3i len \u0111\u1ecf \u1edf c\u1ed5 tay (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf), \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u1ecf ph\u00eda tr\u00ean c\u1eeda ra v\u00e0o nh\u00e0, x\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng l\u00e1 b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n v\u00e0 l\u00e1 muna (m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea1c h\u00e0 hoang d\u00e3 c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean), v\u00e0 \u0111eo c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh t\u1ecfi ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2y ruta \u1edf c\u1ed5. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng y h\u1ecdc d\u00e2n gian ch\u00e2u \u00c2u trong chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn <em>almas-en-pena<\/em> (linh h\u1ed3n \u0111au kh\u1ed5) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c <em>condenado<\/em>: ai kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1eefa \u0103n \u0111\u00fang nghi l\u1ec5 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u00e0o Ng\u00e0y L\u1ec5 C\u00e1c Linh H\u1ed3n (1\/2 th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ed9t) s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng Supay.<\/p><p>Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng phu c\u1ee7a b\u1eefa \u0103n <em>Todos Santos<\/em>, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh b\u00e1nh m\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eb7n ri\u00eang (<em>t&#8217;antawawas<\/em>), choclo, k\u1eb9o b\u1eafp v\u00e0 l\u00e1 coca, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u1eeba l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i t\u1ec7 b\u1ea1c.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u1eb7p \u0111\u00f4i supay\/Tio \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd trong v\u0103n li\u1ec7u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng <em>\u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/em>: m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u1ed1n g\u00e2y kinh ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c vun \u0111\u1eafp trong th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh khai m\u1ecf, v\u00ec ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh sinh t\u1ed3n kinh t\u1ebf bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn mang t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u1edbi c\u00e1i \u00e1c.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng song song v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc<\/span> Tlazolteotl v\u00e0 Mictlantecuhtli c\u1ee7a Trung M\u1ef9, trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Lilith c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y \u00c1 (v\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u00e1c linh, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh) v\u00e0 trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc<\/span> Eshu c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u Phi. June Nash \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 Tio c\u1ee7a Bolivia trong <em>We Eat the Mines<\/em> (1979) m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 <em>th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n<\/em>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Marx v\u00e0 theo nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p><p>\u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho v\u00f9ng Andes l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p Supay\/Tio v\u1edbi ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p <a href=\"\/vi\/pachamama\/\">Pachamama<\/a>. Trong c\u00e1c m\u1ecf Bolivia, Tio v\u00e0 Pachamama \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau: Tio \u1edf b\u00ean trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m, Pachamama \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1eeda h\u1ea7m. T\u00ednh b\u1ed5 sung n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc <em>yanantin<\/em> c\u1ee7a Andes v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p \u0111\u00f4i.<\/p><p>Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng <em>Lilith<\/em> c\u1ee7a Do Th\u00e1i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng quan tr\u1ecdng, c\u0169ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt hai m\u1eb7t gi\u1eefa \u00e1c linh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p.<\/p><p>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m <em>oni<\/em> c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan, v\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 oni c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda l\u00e0 thu\u1ea7n \u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c m\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t h\u00f3a mang t\u00ednh lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh: t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed &#8211; v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trung t\u00e2m.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang.\" tabindex=\"0\">T\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> Tio c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ecf Bolivia hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a June Nash (1979), Tristan Platt (1983), Pascale Absi (2005) \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1eefng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1eeb th\u1eddi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u1ebfn nay.<\/p><p>\u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t h\u00f3a Supay v\u1edbi qu\u1ef7 Satan c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o: m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p linh h\u1ed3n ban \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1 m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t v\u00e0 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y Ban Nha bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n th\u1ea7n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, k\u1ebb nay trong th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh khai m\u1ecf l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L\u1ec5 v\u1eadt d\u00e2ng l\u00ean th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n, c\u1ea7u xin ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh.\" tabindex=\"0\">l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt<\/span> c\u00f3 \u0111i c\u00f3 l\u1ea1i.<\/p><p>S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3o chi\u1ec1u mang t\u00ednh m\u1ec9a mai n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 <em>s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/em> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n.<\/p><p>T\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc, Supay\/Tio v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh t\u1ec9nh quan tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00e1c \u00e1c linh b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u1edbi qu\u1ef7 Satan c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. Ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 <em>diablo<\/em> xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n che khu\u1ea5t t\u00ednh m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Andes trong ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p supay v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch khoa h\u1ecdc. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh iWell Guard m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y mang t\u00ednh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng k\u00e8m cam k\u1ebft v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f2n g\u1eafn k\u1ebft ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p Supay v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quan ni\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba. Khi b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, quan ni\u1ec7m supay-condenado trong c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c: ai g\u00e1nh t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 trong c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t Supay lang thang v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c thi h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p><p>Chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc<\/span> Supay n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Allen, Bastien v\u00e0 Salomon m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 <em>sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/em> c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Quechua &#8211; Aymara.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng supay\/Tio c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng Andes trung t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc khai m\u1ecf Bolivia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp290cce30 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp290cce30\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp268756bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp268756bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Supay gi\u1eefa quan ni\u1ec7m ti\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2e5496e8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2e5496e8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2761718f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2761718f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef <em>supay<\/em> thu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a b\u1ecb d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n do s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha.<\/p><p>Trong c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Quechua s\u1edbm, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n <em>Lexicon<\/em> c\u1ee7a Domingo de Santo Tom\u00e1s (1560) v\u00e0 t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a Diego Gonz\u00e1lez Holgu\u00edn (1608), <em>supay<\/em> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 danh t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 phi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">linh h\u1ed3n<\/span> ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00f5i \u00e2m.<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn cho th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ti\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n.<\/p><p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n d\u1ecbch <em>supay<\/em> l\u00e0 qu\u1ef7 Satan v\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u00e2m linh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c m\u01a1 h\u1ed3.\" tabindex=\"0\">qu\u1ef7 d\u1eef<\/span>. Qua \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111a ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Andes \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i \u00e1c Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t h\u00f3a n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ngay trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o l\u00fd m\u00e0 C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Lima III ban h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1583 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Quechua v\u00e0 Aymara.<\/p><p>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Sabine MacCormack v\u00e0 Gerald Taylor, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n qua \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p><p>B\u1ee9c tranh tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00ec d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Andes m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i n\u00e0y. C\u00f5i \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea7ng v\u1eabn g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n trong quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ecf, v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady <em>supay<\/em> \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ecf.<\/p><p>Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt <em>t\u00edo<\/em>, ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf \u1edf Potos\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m khai m\u1ecf kh\u00e1c cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn d\u00e2ng l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ee9ng trong d\u00f2ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y.<\/p><p>\u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 qu\u1ef7 Satan \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u00ec n\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kho b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a n\u00fai. S\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i v\u1edbi <a href=\"\/vi\/pachamama\/\">Pachamama<\/a>, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2ng l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2745eaad e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2745eaad\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c1826c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2c1826c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Diablada v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng qu\u1ef7 d\u1eef<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d0b1363 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2d0b1363\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2f6bbec7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2f6bbec7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>M\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, trong \u0111\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Supay tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb, l\u00e0 <em>Diablada<\/em>, \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa qu\u1ef7, g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u1edbi Carnaval c\u1ee7a Oruro \u1edf Bolivia.<\/p><p>T\u1ea1i l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18, c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n v\u0169 c\u00f4ng \u0111eo m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 c\u00f4ng phu di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh qua th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111eo m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt <em>supay<\/em>, b\u1ecb nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt T\u1ed5ng l\u00e3nh thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n Michael \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i mang t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i bu\u1ed5i.<\/p><p>Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y trong <em>Diablada<\/em> s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a hai l\u1edbp. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i tu\u00e2n theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1c, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1edf k\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t.<\/p><p>\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec: Oruro l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 khai m\u1ecf, v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t n\u01a1i l\u01b0u gi\u1eef thi\u00eang li\u00eang nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng gian th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1edd<\/span> Virgen del Socav\u00f3n, t\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m, n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u1eeda v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ea7m m\u1ecf. \u0110i\u1ec7u m\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2ng l\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9, nh\u01b0ng di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ecf.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u01b0 Thomas Abercrombie \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111a ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i; v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai. UNESCO \u0111\u01b0a Carnaval de Oruro v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch Di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a phi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 n\u0103m 2001, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t h\u00f3a v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n.<\/p><p>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p du l\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n che ph\u1ee7 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nghi l\u1ec5 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng x\u00f3a b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. <em>Diablada<\/em> do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt b\u1ecb t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i trong th\u1eddi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1edbi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp24212341 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp24212341\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2406cb69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2406cb69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tranh lu\u1eadn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u01b0\u1edbi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp20d2c88b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp20d2c88b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp20a30241 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp20a30241\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u00f2n tranh c\u00e3i trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Andes li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a <em>supay<\/em> v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 lu\u1eadn Andes th\u00e0nh ba l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c: m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u00ean, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trung gian c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft. <em>Supay<\/em> trong quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p><p>Gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ba t\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 Bruce Mannheim \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c quan ni\u1ec7m Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c.<\/p><p>C\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 chi\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ti\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o Huarochir\u00ed, m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Quechua kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1600, cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ti\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea7ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. <em>Supay<\/em> do \u0111\u00f3 ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 trung t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c \u0111a ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft.<\/p><p>Cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn ch\u01b0a kh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i v\u00ec n\u00f3 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Andes ti\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n qua c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu mang t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y suy ra th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng cho vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nghi\u00eam t\u00fac: \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o (tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>June Nash: <em>We Eat the Mines and the Mines Eat Us<\/em> (1979)<\/li><li>Tristan Platt: <em>Estado boliviano y ayllu andino<\/em> (1982)<\/li><li>Pascale Absi: <em>Les ministres du diable<\/em> (2005)<\/li><li>Catherine Allen: <em>The Hold Life Has<\/em> (2002)<\/li><li>Manuel Marzal: <em>El mundo religioso de Urcos<\/em> (1971)<\/li><li>Crist\u00f3bal de Albornoz: <em>Instrucci\u00f3n para descubrir todas las guacas<\/em> (kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1581)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-supay e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-supay\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-supay-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-supay-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Supay trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o <em>Andes<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 <em>ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u00f5i \u00e2m<\/em> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 <em>qu\u1ef7 h\u1ea7m m\u1ecf<\/em>, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf trong c\u00e1c m\u1ecf b\u1ea1c th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Potos\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e2ng <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L\u1ec5 v\u1eadt d\u00e2ng l\u00ean th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n, c\u1ea7u xin ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh.\" tabindex=\"0\">l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 xua \u0111u\u1ed5i s\u1eadp h\u1ea7m v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef then ch\u1ed1t li\u00ean quan: Supay Saxra Tio Condenado Citua Diablada Oruro Potos\u00ed Aya Supay Tantawawa.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-supay\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard v\u00e0 c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard k\u1ebf th\u1eeba truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a &#8211; l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111eo mang, trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a <a href=\"\/vi\/anden-inka\/\">Andes \/ Inca<\/a> v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. 41 l\u1edbp, v\u00e0ng th\u1eadt, b\u1ea1ch kim, b\u1ea1c, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c. Quy\u1ec1n tr\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng trong v\u00f2ng 30 ng\u00e0y.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-supay-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-supay-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-supay-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-supay-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-supay-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m y t\u1ebf. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cam k\u1ebft ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-supay-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-supay-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m y t\u1ebf<\/strong> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb y t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c t\u00e2m l\u00fd tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u00f3a, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m linh.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supay, \u00e1c linh, ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u00f5i \u00e2m v\u00e0 qu\u1ef7 h\u1ea7m m\u1ecf c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean Andes Supay (ti\u1ebfng Quechua supay, ti\u1ebfng Aymara supaya) trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Andes ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i l\u1eabn m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cai qu\u1ea3n c\u00f5i \u00e2m. \u1ede v\u00f9ng khai m\u1ecf Bolivia, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2675,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Supay Andes \u00e1c linh","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Supay - Ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u00f5i \u00e2m v\u00e0 \u00e1c linh v\u00f9ng Andes","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Supay trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Andes ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c \u00e1c linh v\u00e0 ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u00f5i \u00e2m. \u1ede v\u00f9ng khai m\u1ecf, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh Tio c\u1ee7a Potos\u00ed.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"4","wesen_kultur":"anden-inka","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-89089","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - 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