{"id":89057,"date":"2026-08-02T23:46:57","date_gmt":"2026-08-02T23:46:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tane-mahuta-than-rung-va-chim-cua-nguoi-maori\/"},"modified":"2026-08-02T23:47:17","modified_gmt":"2026-08-02T23:47:17","slug":"tane-mahuta","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/vi\/tane-mahuta\/","title":{"rendered":"Tane Mahuta &#8211; Th\u1ea7n r\u1eebng v\u00e0 chim c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Maori"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"89057\" class=\"elementor elementor-89057 elementor-2594\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tane Mahuta - Th\u1ea7n r\u1eebng Maori, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 mang \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gian<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tane Mahuta, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 Tane, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Maori v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng, c\u1ee7a chim ch\u00f3c v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i.<\/p><p>\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, theo th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trung t\u00e2m, ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t Ranginui &#8211; Cha tr\u1eddi &#8211; kh\u1ecfi Papatuanuku &#8211; M\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ea5t &#8211; qua \u0111\u00f3 mang \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. B\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00e2y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i theo khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n<\/span> Polynesia, c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nghi l\u1ec5.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Polynesia \/ Maori.\">Th\u1ea7n<\/span><a href=\"\/vi\/polynesisch-maori\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Polynesia \/ Maori.\">Polynesia \/ Maori<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1ea7n r\u1eebng v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o.\">Th\u1ea7n r\u1eebng v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Kh\\u00f4ng t\\u00ecm th\\u1ea5y ti\\u00eau \\u0111\\u1ec1 n\\u00e0o tr\\u00ean trang n\\u00e0y.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tM\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-tanemahuta-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-tanemahuta-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-tanemahuta-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_tane-mahuta-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2715\" alt=\"Tane Mahuta - G\u00f6tter aus der Polynesisch-maori-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_tane-mahuta-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_tane-mahuta-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_tane-mahuta-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_tane-mahuta.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp2-tane-mahuta elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp2-tane-mahuta\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp2-tane-mahuta\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp2-tane-mahuta\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp2-tane-mahuta elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp2-tane-mahuta\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>T\u0101ne Mahuta l\u00e0 <strong>th\u1ea7n Maori<\/strong> c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng v\u00e0 chim ch\u00f3c.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp-tane-mahuta elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp-tane-mahuta\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp-tane-mahuta\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp-tane-mahuta\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp-tane-mahuta elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp-tane-mahuta\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>T\u0101ne Mahuta, <strong>th\u1ea7n r\u1eebng Maori<\/strong>, \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 mang \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u1ecb tr\u00ed trong \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n Polynesia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tane Mahuta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng Atua (th\u1ea7n linh) trung t\u00e2m trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 lu\u1eadn<\/span> Maori v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt song song trong Polynesia nh\u01b0 Kane \u1edf Hawai&#8217;i hay Tane \u1edf Tahiti v\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Cook.<\/p><p>Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi con c\u1ee7a Ranginui (Cha tr\u1eddi) v\u00e0 Papatuanuku (M\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ea5t), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 anh em c\u1ee7a <a href=\"\/vi\/tangaroa\/\">Tangaroa<\/a>, <a href=\"\/vi\/tu-matauenga\/\">Tu Matauenga<\/a>, <a href=\"\/vi\/rongo\/\">Rongo<\/a>, Tawhirimatea (th\u1ea7n b\u00e3o t\u1ed1) v\u00e0 Haumia-tiketike (th\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c \u0103n m\u1ecdc hoang).<\/p><p>Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o, Tane kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ea7n linh \u0111a trung t\u00e2m, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i Atua \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p><p>Margaret Orbell nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh <em>The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Maori Myth and Legend<\/em> (1995) r\u1eb1ng <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc<\/span> Maori kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e9p k\u00edn, m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ri\u00eang trong c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c.<\/p><p>B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Tane xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c danh hi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 Tane-mahuta, Tane-te-wananga, Tane-nui-a-Rangi hay Tane-matua, t\u00f9y theo tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc, s\u1ef1 \u0111a danh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc<\/span>, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn: n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 gia ph\u1ea3 (whakapapa) thay v\u00ec th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p><p>Patrick Kirch (<em>On the Road of the Winds<\/em>, 2000) cho th\u1ea5y nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Austronesia v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o proto-Austronesia c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m.<\/p><p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khoa h\u1ecdc, Tangaroa do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt m\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u0129nh h\u1ed9i trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u1ede Aotearoa, m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p v\u00e0 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh gi\u1eefa r\u1eebng (Tane) v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n (Tangaroa) chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf; \u1edf Tahiti, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00fai l\u1eeda v\u1edbi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Marae ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh, Tangaroa l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o.<\/p><p>Tu do \u0111\u00f3 trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc<\/span> Maori l\u00e0 Atua m\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Tu, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 &#8216;con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng&#8217; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Atua kh\u00e1c. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a Te Rangikaheke v\u00e0 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Maori hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00ean g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>T\u00ean Tane trong ti\u1ebfng Maori (te reo Maori) v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Polynesia c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &#8216;ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng&#8217; hay &#8216;sinh linh nam gi\u1edbi&#8217;. Danh hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn Mahuta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 &#8216;nh\u1ea3y l\u00ean&#8217;, &#8216;v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean&#8217; v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i l\u00ean h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng s\u1ee9c n\u00e2ng b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p><p>Bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 Tane-nui-a-Rangi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 &#8216;Tane v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi con c\u1ee7a Rangi&#8217;. Tane-te-wananga c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &#8216;Tane c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c thi\u00eang li\u00eang&#8217;, Tane-mahuta l\u00e0 &#8216;Tane c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng&#8217;.<\/p><p>Bruce Biggs (<em>The Complete English-Maori Dictionary<\/em>, 1981) cho th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb tane \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng c\u1ea3 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i l\u1eabn trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh nghi l\u1ec5, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t Tane-te-wananga &#8211; Tane v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kho tri th\u1ee9c, wananga. S\u1ef1 \u0111a ngh\u0129a (&#8216;ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng&#8217; nh\u01b0 danh t\u1eeb chung v\u00e0 &#8216;Tane&#8217; nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n) khi\u1ebfn t\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t phi th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p><p>C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Polynesia bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00ean th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o xa x\u00f4i: Kane \u1edf Hawai&#8217;i, Tane \u1edf Tahiti, Kane hay Tane \u1edf Marquesas.<\/p><p>S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i proto-Polynesia chung, c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Maori (b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t-) v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Hawaii (chuy\u1ec3n t- th\u00e0nh k-) gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i theo v\u00f9ng.<\/p><p>Anne Salmond nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh trong <em>Aphrodite&#8217;s Island<\/em> (2009) r\u1eb1ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 th\u01b0\u1eddng che khu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t &#8216;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n<\/span> Polynesia&#8217; th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc trong 50 n\u0103m qua \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p><p>Danh x\u01b0ng gia ph\u1ea3 &#8216;Nga uri o Tu&#8217; (&#8216;h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Tu&#8217;) v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Maori c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng ng\u00e0y nay: n\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i Hui (h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp), trong Tangihanga (l\u1ec5 tang) v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Maori nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 sinh t\u1ed3n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Maori, Tane Mahuta kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n Hy L\u1ea1p &#8211; La M\u00e3, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Polynesia kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc nh\u00e2n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n trong m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n.<\/p><p>Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc (whakairo) tr\u00ean nh\u00e0 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp (whare whakairo), tr\u00ean m\u0169i v\u00e0 \u0111u\u00f4i thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c m\u1ed9c c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Marae l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p><p>Tane th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i l\u00ean trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc nh\u01b0 v\u1eady qua nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft to m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, l\u01b0\u1ee1i th\u00e8 ra v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c, ch\u1ec9 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i gi\u1eefa tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p><p>Roger Neich (<em>Painted Histories<\/em>, 1993) m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng theo v\u00f9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00e3 kh\u00e1c nhau. Theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, m\u1ed7i c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ee5, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e2y Kauri kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 (Agathis australis), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Tane.<\/p><p>C\u00e2y Kauri n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong r\u1eebng Waipoua, c\u00f3 danh hi\u1ec7u ri\u00eang ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 &#8216;Tane Mahuta&#8217;, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n. C\u00e2y cao h\u01a1n 50 m\u00e9t, chu vi th\u00e2n c\u00e2y h\u01a1n 13 m\u00e9t, v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh t\u1eeb 1.500 \u0111\u1ebfn 2.500 n\u0103m.<\/p><p>Trong c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u, Tane th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng cao l\u1edbn, d\u00f9ng vai v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n \u1ea5n tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t ra xa nhau, trong khi Ranginui mang nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u00e1ch r\u01b0\u1edbm \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u v\u00e0 Papatuanuku b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u00e0i than kh\u00f3c. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c Karakia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n l\u1eabn trong th\u01a1 ca Maori hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p><p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Tangaroa c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i l\u00ean qua hoa v\u0103n v\u1ecf \u1ed1c Nautilus v\u00e0 qua c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (koru) trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Maori. Xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c koru g\u1ee3i l\u00ean s\u00f3ng cu\u1ed9n v\u00e0 rong bi\u1ec3n cu\u1ed9n tr\u00f2n. Trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m trang s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh x\u0103m Maori hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 mang tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn Tangaroa v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p><p>Trong c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh x\u0103m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (ta moko), h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft Tu th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n: xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c (koru) trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t s\u1eafc, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ta moko, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eaft l\u1ecbm v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed3i sinh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn Tu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n trung t\u00e2m xoay quanh Tane Mahuta l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t hai \u0111\u1ea5ng cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p><p>Theo c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Maori Te Rangikaheke \u0111\u00e3 ghi ch\u00e9p v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Sir George Grey \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u trong <em>Polynesian Mythology<\/em> (1854), ban \u0111\u1ea7u Ranginui v\u00e0 Papatuanuku \u00f4m ch\u1eb7t l\u1ea5y nhau. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi con c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u1ea5ng cha m\u1eb9.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi con b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn xem n\u00ean gi\u1ebft hay t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t cha m\u1eb9. <a href=\"\/vi\/tu-matauenga\/\">Tu Matauenga<\/a>, th\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn tranh, l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ebft. Tane Mahuta ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 gi\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1eafng.<\/p><p>Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi con \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Tane m\u1edbi l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u, d\u00f9ng ch\u00e2n ch\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y n\u00f3 l\u00ean cao. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady m\u00e0 Te Ao Marama, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, ra \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p><p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khoa h\u1ecdc, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n ly \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 Mircea Eliade m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong <em>Die Sch\u00f6pfungsmythen<\/em> (1976) nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u00ednh danh h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. Ch\u1ec9 khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00f4ng gian cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ti\u1ebfp theo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n ra.<\/p><p>Hai \u0111\u1ea5ng cha m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00ean: Ranginui v\u1eabn kh\u00f3c cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay &#8211; m\u01b0a l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 h\u01a1i th\u1edf c\u1ee7a Papatuanuku \u0111ang bay l\u00ean ph\u00eda ng\u00e0i. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i th\u01a1 ca gi\u1eefa hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c neo gi\u1eef s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Maori.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tane v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ea1o ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n trung t\u00e2m th\u1ee9 hai v\u1ec1 Tane k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c Tane t\u1ea1o ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Sau nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi &#8211; su\u1ed1i, \u0111\u00e1, c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i &#8211; Tane n\u1eb7n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t \u0111\u1ecf (one) tr\u00ean b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n Kurawaka ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, Hineahuone (&#8216;ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eb7n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t&#8217;).<\/p><p>T\u1eeb s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 v\u1edbi Tane, Hinetitama &#8211; nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt b\u00ecnh minh &#8211; ra \u0111\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau khi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f5i d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh <a href=\"\/vi\/hina\/\">Hine-nui-te-po<\/a>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i.<\/p><p>Te Rangihiroa (Sir Peter Buck) gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch trong <em>The Coming of the Maori<\/em> (1949) chu\u1ed7i n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nghi l\u1ec5 v\u1ec1 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1eefu t\u1eed.<\/p><p>Tane th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa c\u00f2n neo gi\u1eef s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam, s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft, trong nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Maori. \u0110\u1ea5t s\u00e9t Kurawaka \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1edb trong nhi\u1ec1u Iwi.<\/p><p>C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Anne Salmond (<em>Two Worlds<\/em>, 1991) v\u00e0 Judith Binney (<em>Encircled Lands<\/em>, 2009) khai th\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c.<\/p><p>H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Tane-Hineahuone kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t &#8216;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> sa ng\u00e3 ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o&#8217;, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tane v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang ba gi\u1ecf tri th\u1ee9c<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c Tane l\u1ea5y ba gi\u1ecf tri th\u1ee9c (nga kete o te wananga) t\u1eeb t\u1ea7ng tr\u1eddi cao nh\u1ea5t.<\/p><p>Ng\u00e0i \u0111i qua m\u01b0\u1eddi hai t\u1ea7ng tr\u1eddi, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi canh g\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch r\u1ed3i quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi tri th\u1ee9c: te kete tuauri (tri th\u1ee9c thi\u00eang li\u00eang), te kete tuatea (tri th\u1ee9c th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c) v\u00e0 te kete aronui (tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng). Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hai vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con d\u1ea5u.<\/p><p>C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y neo gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc<\/span> v\u1ec1 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u00ednh danh h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a wananga, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Maori nh\u01b0 Te Whare Wananga o Awanuiarangi v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y v\u00e0o t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p><p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khoa h\u1ecdc, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00f4-t\u00edp<\/span> n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea5y tri th\u1ee9c thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t &#8211; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi Prometheus hay Odin trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng B\u1eafc \u00c2u.<\/p><p>Chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00f4-t\u00edp n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7 tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t qua trung gian c\u00f3 nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n ai c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0o wananga ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc Tapu nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<\/p><p>Elsdon Best (<em>The Maori School of Learning<\/em>, 1923) m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc<\/span> Maori: nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn k\u1ebft trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i trong l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nghi l\u1ec5 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng, c\u00e1c nghi th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Tapu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang.\" tabindex=\"0\">T\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng<\/span> Tane kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd<\/span> trung t\u00e2m hay m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i t\u01b0 t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea3o Polynesia theo ngh\u0129a h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n (Tahiti, Hawai&#8217;i) \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n. \u1ede Aotearoa (New Zealand), vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng Tane di\u1ec5n ra ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi r\u1eebng, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi chim ch\u00f3c v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p><p>Ai mu\u1ed1n ch\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y &#8211; ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c m\u1ed9c (waka), nh\u00e0 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp hay m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 &#8211; tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c Karakia (l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 xin ph\u00e9p Tane v\u00e0 d\u1ee1 b\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5 (tapu) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i c\u00e2y.<\/p><p>Elsdon Best m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chim v\u00e0 c\u00e2y trong <em>Forest Lore of the Maori<\/em> (1942). Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u0103n chim thanh t\u1ea9y b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc Karakia \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi chim ch\u00f3c c\u1ee7a Tane.<\/p><p>Khi kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp m\u1edbi, cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay m\u1ed9t Karakia d\u00e2ng Tane v\u1eabn l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trang tr\u1ecdng di\u1ec5n ra theo quy t\u1eafc c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.\" tabindex=\"0\">l\u1ec5 nghi<\/span>. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i trong phong tr\u00e0o Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng Maori t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970.<\/p><p>Trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Aotearoa, c\u00e1c Karakia d\u00e2ng Tane th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y, kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1edfi Tohunga (c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia) ho\u1eb7c Kaumatua (c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c d\u00e2n gian hay th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tham chi\u1ebfu apotropaic<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Maori kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng apotropaic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1eaft \u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i. C\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n g\u1ed3m tapu (\u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5), noa (t\u1ef1 do, th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c), mauri (sinh l\u1ef1c) v\u00e0 mana (quy\u1ec1n uy t\u00e2m linh &#8211; x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i).<\/p><p>Tane \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n trong c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 trong r\u1eebng, khi \u0111i qua c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t xa l\u1ea1 hay khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c v\u1eadt b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ed7 (tiki), c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 hay \u1edf l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o nh\u00e0, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u00f9a h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh b\u1eb1ng Pounamu (\u0111\u00e1 xanh) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho c\u00f5i thi\u00eang li\u00eang th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a<\/span> b\u1eb1ng danh c\u1ee7a Tane.<\/p><p>Hirini Moko Mead m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong <em>Tikanga Maori<\/em> (2003) s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu l\u00e0: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c nghi l\u1ec5 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 Atua, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u1eb1m can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.\" tabindex=\"0\">ph\u00e9p thu\u1eadt<\/span> theo ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p><p>Ai v\u00e0o r\u1eebng &#8211; \u0111\u1ec3 s\u0103n b\u1eafn, thu h\u00e1i c\u1ee7i, hay \u0111i b\u1ed9 &#8211; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t Karakia ng\u1eafn d\u00e2ng Tane, xin ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u00e0i gi\u0169a s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y nay c\u0169ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n Aotearoa kh\u00f4ng theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, th\u01b0\u1eddng mang t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a h\u01a1n l\u00e0 tuy\u00ean t\u00edn t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tane Mahuta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 so s\u00e1nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. Trong ph\u1ea1m vi kh\u00f4ng gian Polynesia, \u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi Kane c\u1ee7a Hawaii, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p trong th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m <em>Hawaiian Mythology<\/em> (1940) c\u1ee7a Beckwith tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y. T\u1ea1i Tahiti, Tane l\u00e0 anh em c\u1ee7a Ta&#8217;aroa v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u1edbi Atea.<\/p><p>X\u00e9t theo hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, Tane c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 Shu c\u1ee7a Ai C\u1eadp, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea9y B\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi (Nut) v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5t (Geb) ra xa nhau. B\u1ea3n s\u1eed thi Enuma Elish c\u1ee7a Babylon c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, khi Marduk ch\u00e9m \u0111\u1ee9t Tiamat.<\/p><p>Thay v\u00ec coi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc: L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y ch\u01b0a ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a?<\/p><p>Khi so s\u00e1nh Tane v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n r\u1eebng v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n c\u00e2y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi Cernunnos c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Celt, Veles c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Slav, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m &#8216;Tree People&#8217; c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Da \u0110\u1ecf B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Yggdrasil trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> B\u1eafc \u00c2u. Eliade v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Joseph Campbell \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00e0nh &#8216;m\u00f4-t\u00edp c\u00e2y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi&#8217; (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span>).<\/p><p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 Polynesia: Tane l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e2y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00e2y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n nay<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tane Mahuta ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng Maori, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Aotearoa t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970. C\u00e2y Kauri &#8216;Tane Mahuta&#8217; trong r\u1eebng Waipoua l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh Kauri-Dieback vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Tane nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 sinh th\u00e1i. Anne Salmond cho th\u1ea5y trong <em>Tears of Rangi<\/em> (2017) c\u00e1ch Tane ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tham chi\u1ebfu v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 lu\u1eadn trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn sinh th\u00e1i &#8211; ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p><p>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc (Orbell, Salmond, Mead, Best) \u0111\u00e3 ghi ch\u00e9p c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Maori nh\u01b0 Hirini Mead nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c Iwi v\u00e0 Hapu t\u1ef1 l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt. Tane Mahuta do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi <a href=\"\/vi\/polynesisch-maori\/\">\u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n Polynesia &#8211; Maori n\u00f3i chung<\/a> v\u1eabn l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m trong \u0111\u00f3. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb logic thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y (Best, Grey) sang d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n Maori l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, Tane Mahuta v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng cho t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u1ea1i Aotearoa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp266ff0e4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp266ff0e4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ba79adc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2ba79adc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">S\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Rangi v\u00e0 Papa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp27a00366 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp27a00366\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b174c87 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2b174c87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n trung t\u00e2m m\u00e0 T\u0101ne \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t hai \u0111\u1ea5ng cha m\u1eb9 nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 lu\u1eadn M\u0101ori. <em>Ranginui<\/em>, Cha tr\u1eddi, v\u00e0 <em>Papat\u016b\u0101nuku<\/em>, M\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ea5t, \u00f4m ch\u1eb7t l\u1ea5y nhau, v\u00e0 b\u1ecb giam k\u1eb9p gi\u1eefa th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a hai \u0111\u1ea5ng cha m\u1eb9, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi con s\u1ed1ng trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ch\u1eadt ch\u1ed9i.<\/p><p>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi con b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ebft cha m\u1eb9, nh\u01b0ng T\u0101ne gi\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1eafng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t h\u1ecd.<\/p><p>Nhi\u1ec1u anh em c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea9y tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t ra xa nhau nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng T\u0101ne th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng: Ng\u00e0i n\u1eb1m ng\u1eeda thay v\u00ec t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1nh tay v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ch\u00e2n ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea9y.<\/p><p>Ranginui t\u1eeb t\u1eeb l\u00f9i l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u00ean, Papat\u016b\u0101nuku \u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, v\u00e0 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o, <em>te ao m\u0101rama<\/em>, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn T\u0101ne tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 khai m\u1edf kh\u00f4ng gian s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p><p>C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u01b0u t\u1eadp, c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 George Grey trong <em>Nga Mahi a nga Tupuna<\/em> v\u00e0 trong b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Anh <em>Polynesian Mythology<\/em> (1855), c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 sau \u0111\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb Tohunga Te Matorohanga v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c S. Percy Smith bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay: Ranginui v\u00e0 Papat\u016b\u0101nuku nh\u1edb nhung nhau, s\u01b0\u01a1ng mai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi, s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 bay l\u00ean l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a T\u0101ne do \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00e0n g\u1eafn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em <a href=\"\/vi\/tangaroa\/\">Tangaroa<\/a> r\u00fat v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3n, qua \u0111\u00f3 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c anh ch\u1ecb em.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26d3b913 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp26d3b913\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp293d6b4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp293d6b4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u0101ne l\u1ea5y ba gi\u1ecf tri th\u1ee9c<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2be7099a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2be7099a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp20a574d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp20a574d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 T\u0101ne, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7.\" tabindex=\"0\">truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o B\u1eafc, k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ebfn l\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u00ecnh cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y <em>ng\u0101 kete o te w\u0101nanga<\/em>, c\u00e1c gi\u1ecf tri th\u1ee9c.<\/p><p>Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Te Matorohanga v\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m <em>The Lore of the Whare-w\u0101nanga<\/em>, T\u0101ne leo qua c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng tr\u1eddi x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng nhau \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7ng cao nh\u1ea5t, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ed1i cao <em>Io<\/em> ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb.<\/p><p>T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba gi\u1ecf: <em>te kete tuauri<\/em>, <em>te kete tuatea<\/em> v\u00e0 <em>te kete aronui<\/em>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tri th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb tri th\u1ee9c nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, tri th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p><p>T\u0101ne \u0111em c\u00e1c gi\u1ecf xu\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ch\u00fang, tri th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u00f2n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00eam hai vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 thi\u00eang li\u00eang.<\/p><p>C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Io v\u00e0 t\u1eadp phim v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c gi\u1ecf ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n mu\u1ed9n v\u00e0 trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Jonathan Z. Smith c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u New Zealand v\u1edbi Bronwyn Elsmore v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7.\" tabindex=\"0\">truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ed1i cao Io \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd b\u00ed truy\u1ec1n l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Tohunga. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u1eadp phim n\u00e0y v\u1eabn quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a T\u0101ne v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ng\u00e0i v\u00e0o trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a <em>whare w\u0101nanga<\/em>, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2da2f286 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2da2f286\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2125d336 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2125d336\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u00e2y Kauri T\u0101ne Mahuta trong r\u1eebng Waipoua<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp27138393 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp27138393\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp266231a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp266231a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Danh hi\u1ec7u <em>Mahuta<\/em> g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi r\u1eebng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p><p>Trong r\u1eebng Waipoua \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea3o B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y Kauri kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, <em>Agathis australis<\/em>, mang t\u00ean T\u0101ne Mahuta v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00e2y Kauri l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. Tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn do thi\u1ebfu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y.<\/p><p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u0101ori, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Iwi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Te Roroa, c\u00e2y n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 di t\u00edch thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean: N\u00f3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a T\u0101ne nh\u01b0 <em>atua<\/em> c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi sinh linh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p><p>Trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 lu\u1eadn, T\u0101ne l\u00e0 cha c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i, chim ch\u00f3c v\u00e0 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng; m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y Kauri c\u1ed5 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed1i th\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u00fd ngh\u0129a. Du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e2y v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1eddi ch\u00e0o nghi l\u1ec5 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p><p>Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, T\u0101ne Mahuta \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c \u00fd ngh\u0129a.\" tabindex=\"0\">bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng sinh th\u00e1i. B\u1ec7nh Kauri-Dieback, do t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n <em>Phytophthora agathidicida<\/em> g\u00e2y ra, \u0111e d\u1ecda c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 Kauri c\u1ee7a New Zealand. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong r\u1eebng Waipoua \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 Te Roroa c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. C\u00e2y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ba t\u1ea7ng: h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n r\u1eebng, s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Iwi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khoa h\u1ecdc, ta th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 lu\u1eadn trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c, \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c quan ni\u1ec7m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 <em>kaitiakitanga<\/em>, quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o (tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Margaret Orbell: <em>The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Maori Myth and Legend<\/em> (1995)<\/li><li>Sir George Grey: <em>Polynesian Mythology<\/em> (1854)<\/li><li>Elsdon Best: <em>Forest Lore of the Maori<\/em> (1942)<\/li><li>Te Rangihiroa (Peter Buck): <em>The Coming of the Maori<\/em> (1949)<\/li><li>Anne Salmond: <em>Tears of Rangi<\/em> (2017)<\/li><li>Hirini Moko Mead: <em>Tikanga Maori<\/em> (2003)<\/li><li>Roger Neich: <em>Painted Histories<\/em> (1993)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-tanemahuta e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-tanemahuta\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-tanemahuta-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-tanemahuta-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7.\" tabindex=\"0\">truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> Maori, Tane Mahuta t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t <em>mang \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng<\/em> gi\u1eefa Ranginui &#8211; Cha tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 Papatuanuku &#8211; M\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ea5t, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ban ng\u00e0y, r\u1eebng v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi chim ch\u00f3c m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef then ch\u1ed1t li\u00ean quan: Tane Mahuta Maori th\u1ea7n r\u1eebng Kauri Waipoua wananga Ranginui Papatuanuku.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-tane-mahuta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard v\u00e0 c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard k\u1ebf th\u1eeba truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111eo mang, theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a <a href=\"\/vi\/polynesisch-maori\/\">Polynesia \/ Maori<\/a> v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. 41 l\u1edbp, v\u00e0ng th\u1eadt, b\u1ea1ch kim, b\u1ea1c, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c. Quy\u1ec1n tr\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng trong v\u00f2ng 30 ng\u00e0y.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m y t\u1ebf. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cam k\u1ebft ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m y t\u1ebf<\/strong> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb y t\u1ebf hay t\u00e2m l\u00fd tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u00f3a, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m linh.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tane Mahuta &#8211; Th\u1ea7n r\u1eebng Maori, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 mang \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gian Tane Mahuta, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 Tane, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Maori v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng, c\u1ee7a chim ch\u00f3c v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i. \u0110\u1ed3ng [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2715,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Tane Mahuta Maori","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Tane Mahuta - Th\u1ea7n r\u1eebng Maori, th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nghi l\u1ec5","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Tane Mahuta l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n r\u1eebng v\u00e0 chim trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Maori, \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t. 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