{"id":88932,"date":"2026-08-02T23:39:52","date_gmt":"2026-08-02T23:39:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ereshkigal-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-02T23:40:15","modified_gmt":"2026-08-02T23:40:15","slug":"ereshkigal","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/vi\/ereshkigal\/","title":{"rendered":"Ereshkigal"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"88932\" class=\"elementor elementor-88932 elementor-1970\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ereshkigal, n\u1eef th\u1ea7n trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Mesopotamia<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ereshkigal l\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Mesopotamia.<\/p><p>N\u1eef ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u00f5i \u00e2m, em g\u00e1i Ishtar, k\u1ebb th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb Kur v\u00e0 Irkalla. Ereshkigal l\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i \u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u00e1c nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p><p>Trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi em g\u00e1i Ishtar rong ru\u1ed5i kh\u1eafp m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi, Ereshkigal ng\u1ed3i b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m t\u1ea1i Irkalla, v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng Nergal cai tr\u1ecb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ranh gi\u1edbi sang th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean kia. B\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n kh\u00e1ch, ai b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc ngai v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb nguy\u1ec1n r\u1ee7a.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1ea7n \/ N\u1eef th\u1ea7n: Quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng t\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a trong \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m vi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn, chi\u1ebfn tranh, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5, l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd.\">N\u1eef th\u1ea7n<\/span><a href=\"\/vi\/mesopotamien\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"C\u00e1i n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ghi ch\u00e9p, Sumer, Akkad, Babylon, Assyria (kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 3500 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 330 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean).\">Mesopotamia<\/a><a href=\"\/vi\/totengottheiten\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"C\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u00f5i \u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, k\u1ebb th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean kia, ph\u00e1n quan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, k\u1ebb d\u1eabn d\u1eaft linh h\u1ed3n.\">Th\u1ea7n c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Kh\\u00f4ng t\\u00ecm th\\u1ea5y ti\\u00eau \\u0111\\u1ec1 n\\u00e0o tr\\u00ean trang n\\u00e0y.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tM\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_ereshkigal-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1735\" alt=\"Ereshkigal - G\u00f6tter aus der Mesopotamien-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_ereshkigal-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_ereshkigal-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_ereshkigal-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_ereshkigal.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ereshkigal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u1ed5ng quan ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn: Ereshkigal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Lo\u1ea1i:<\/strong> Th\u1ea7n linh ch\u00ednh trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Mesopotamia, N\u1eef ho\u00e0ng c\u00f5i \u00e2m<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0110i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n<\/span>: Sumer, Akkad\/Babylon\/Assur<br>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: N\u1eef ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft (Kur, Irkalla), ph\u00e1n quan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t<br>Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh: V\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n, \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng \u0111en, phi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh, b\u1ea3y v\u1ec7 binh c\u1ed5ng<br>C\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh: Kutha (c\u00f9ng Nergal), kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd<\/span> ri\u00eang l\u1edbn<br>Phu qu\u00e2n: Nergal (theo <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1 gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Inanna)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEreshkigal \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p t\u1eeb thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean (ti\u1ebfng Sumer).\n<p>Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ef1c th\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 b\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi Babylon c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i (\u0111\u1ea7u thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 2 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean) v\u1edbi hai th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Inanna h\u1ea1 gi\u1edbi: Inanna \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p Ereshkigal, b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed3i sinh nh\u1edd s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Ea. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng Dumuzi ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1 gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ed9i. Th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 thi\u00ean thi Nergal v\u00e0 Ereshkigal: Nergal xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f5i \u00e2m, ban \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb b\u00e0 nguy\u1ec1n r\u1ee7a r\u1ed3i sau tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ed3ng b\u00e0. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f4 th\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 quy\u1ec1n, bu\u1ed9c n\u1eef ho\u00e0ng c\u00f5i \u00e2m c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ebf h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n.<\/p><p>Trong c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n, s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u00e0 suy gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh, b\u00e0 b\u1ecb s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau m\u1ebfn.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u00e1c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd<\/span> ri\u00eang d\u00e0nh cho Ereshkigal hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p, b\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i. Trung t\u00e2m th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng chung c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 v\u00e0 Nergal l\u00e0 <strong>Kutha<\/strong> (nay l\u00e0 Tell Ibrahim, ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Babylon), &#8220;th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Nergal&#8221; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 c\u1eeda v\u00e0o c\u00f5i \u00e2m.<\/p><p>Trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang.\" tabindex=\"0\">t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n trong c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 tang t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 ch\u00fa h\u01a1n l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd ri\u00eang. Trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n thu\u1eadt Hy L\u1ea1p-La M\u00e3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 PGM IV), b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eef th\u1ea7n ph\u00f9 ch\u00fa quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu: <em>Inanna h\u1ea1 gi\u1edbi<\/em> (ti\u1ebfng Sumer, thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 2 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean), <em>Ishtar h\u1ea1 gi\u1edbi<\/em> (b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Akkad, s\u00fac t\u00edch h\u01a1n), thi\u00ean thi <em>Nergal v\u00e0 Ereshkigal<\/em> (c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Assyria trung k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Babylon mu\u1ed9n), <em>Thi\u00ean anh h\u00f9ng ca Gilgamesh<\/em> phi\u1ebfn XII (m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Enkidu v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i \u00e2m).<\/p><p>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p: Wolkstein\/Kramer, <em>Inanna<\/em>; Lambert, <em>Babylonian Wisdom Literature<\/em>; Bott\u00e9ro, <em>La plus vieille religion<\/em>; Black\/Green, <em>Gods, Demons and Symbols<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00ean g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ereshkigal th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean ngai, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ed9i v\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n ch\u1eef th\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u00f4i m\u1eaft b\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u00ean v\u1edbi ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i. B\u00e0 m\u1eb7c y ph\u1ee5c \u0111en ho\u1eb7c t\u00edm th\u1eabm, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e2y quanh b\u1edfi qu\u1ef7 d\u1eef v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft.<\/p><p>\u0110\u00f4i khi b\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i b\u00ean Nergal, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng u \u00e1m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n (<em>Horngold<\/em>) ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u00e0 v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c \u00fd ngh\u0129a.\" tabindex=\"0\">Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1nh c\u1ed5ng kh\u00f3a ch\u1eb7t, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">M\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ereshkigal ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn linh h\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1ea1i Irkalla. B\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, m\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9, ai vi ph\u1ea1m lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 c\u00f5i \u00e2m s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i n\u1ebfm tr\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0.<\/p><p>Trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n <em>Ishtar h\u1ea1 gi\u1edbi<\/em>, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c: Ishtar c\u1ed1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u00f5i \u00e2m v\u00e0 Ereshkigal tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn n\u00e0o d\u00e0nh cho b\u00e0, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00e2ng l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt cho b\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n t\u00f4n vinh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 xoa d\u1ecbu quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0.<\/p><h3>Di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3><p><em>Ereshkigal<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n u \u00e1m, ph\u1ee5c s\u1ee9c l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby v\u1edbi v\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n s\u1eebng, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. Da b\u00e0 m\u00e0u xanh th\u1eabm ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1m \u0111en, \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft s\u00e1ng l\u00ean v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng k\u1ef3 b\u00ed.<\/p><p>B\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i v\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean ngai b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c x\u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 b\u00e0 uy nghi nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 v\u1ebb ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1n th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9 b\u1ecb k\u00ecm n\u00e9n. M\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u00e2m linh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c m\u01a1 h\u1ed3.\" tabindex=\"0\">qu\u1ef7<\/span> t\u00e1m c\u00e1nh tay ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t con r\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. B\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 y ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a b\u00e0.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft: Ereshkigal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ereshkigal nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng quan. C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f3m t\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o, s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ereshkigal (ti\u1ebfng Sumer <em>Ere\u0161-ki-gal<\/em>, &#8220;N\u1eef ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i&#8221; = c\u00f5i \u00e2m) l\u00e0 con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Anu (b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi) v\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t. Em g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Inanna\/Ishtar (trung t\u00e2m trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1 gi\u1edbi), trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng s\u1edbm h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u1eef ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i \u00e2m, trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Nergal. M\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a <em>Ningishzida<\/em> (th\u1ea7n r\u1eafn c\u00f5i \u00e2m) v\u00e0 <em>Namtar<\/em> (s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh). Con g\u00e1i Ninazu trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>N\u1eef ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft <em>Kur<\/em> hay <em>Irkalla<\/em>, b\u00ean kia b\u1ea3y c\u1ed5ng c\u00f5i \u00e2m. B\u00e0 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef <em>phi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh<\/em> (mes), tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 ghi r\u00f5 s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t.<\/p><p>Kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> Inanna h\u1ea1 gi\u1edbi: ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ea v\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L\u1ec5 v\u1eadt d\u00e2ng l\u00ean th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n, c\u1ea7u xin ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh.\" tabindex=\"0\">l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt<\/span> chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Dumuzi, Inanna m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1). Trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang.\" tabindex=\"0\">t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng.\" tabindex=\"0\">c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n<\/span> b\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 tang t\u1ebf v\u00e0 trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u1eb1m can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.\" tabindex=\"0\">huy\u1ec1n thu\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111en (ph\u00f9 ch\u00fa PGM).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ngo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ereshkigal kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i, b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng u \u00e1m v\u00e0 uy nghi, \u0111\u1ed9i v\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n, kho\u00e1c \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng \u0111en, m\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e0o. Ng\u1ed3i x\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng trong c\u0103n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ea3nh t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e2y quanh b\u1edfi b\u1ea3y v\u1ecb ph\u00e1n quan <em>Anunnaki<\/em>.<\/p><p>Khi b\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n Inanna, g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t b\u00e0 xanh xao v\u00e0 v\u00e0ng v\u1ecdt (bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt\/c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft). T\u00f9y trang: phi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh, b\u00fat vi\u1ebft. T\u00f9y t\u00f9ng: Namtar (t\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0), Ningishzida (con trai &#8211; th\u1ea7n r\u1eafn).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Ereshkigal<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/strong> Ereshkigal \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00ec b\u00e0 b\u1ecb s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i. Nh\u01b0ng trong m\u1ed7i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n.\" tabindex=\"0\">nghi th\u1ee9c<\/span> tang t\u1ebf, b\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t. Trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ph\u00f9 ch\u00fa (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"B\u1ed9 ph\u00f9 ch\u00fa Akkad t\u1eeb thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean; b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a Mesopotamia.\">Maqlu<\/span>, Shurpu), b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u1eb1m can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.\" tabindex=\"0\">huy\u1ec1n thu\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111en.<\/p><p>Trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n thu\u1eadt Hy L\u1ea1p-La M\u00e3 (Papyri Graecae Magicae), b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 <em>Ereschigal<\/em> trong c\u00e1c ph\u00f9 ch\u00fa c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Hekate. Trong ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn huy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, b\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c \u00fd ngh\u0129a.\" tabindex=\"0\">bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng c\u00f5i \u00e2m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Ereshkigal<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n, \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng \u0111en, phi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh (mes), b\u1ea3y v\u1ec7 binh c\u1ed5ng, Namtar (t\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng), Ningishzida (con trai &#8211; th\u1ea7n r\u1eafn). Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt linh thi\u00eang: Asphodelos (trong ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i). Con s\u1ed1 linh thi\u00eang: 7 (b\u1ea3y c\u1ed5ng c\u00f5i \u00e2m, b\u1ea3y v\u1ecb ph\u00e1n quan Anunnaki). M\u00e0u s\u1eafc linh thi\u00eang: \u0111en, xanh th\u1eabm.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Inanna\/Ishtar<\/em> (Mesopotamia, em g\u00e1i, \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1 gi\u1edbi), <em>Nergal<\/em> (Mesopotamia, phu qu\u00e2n trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n), <em>Persephone<\/em> (Hy L\u1ea1p, n\u1eef ho\u00e0ng c\u00f5i \u00e2m), <em>Hekate<\/em> (Hy L\u1ea1p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi Ereshkigal trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n PGM), <em>Hel<\/em> (German, n\u1eef ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u00f5i \u00e2m), <em>Mictecacihuatl<\/em> (Aztec), <em>Izanami<\/em> (Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, n\u1eef ho\u00e0ng Yomi), <em>Hine-nui-te-p\u014d<\/em> (M\u0101ori). Ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu n\u1eef ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u00f5i \u00e2m hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c c\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u1eb7p \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eb9\/con g\u00e1i (Ereshkigal-Inanna, Demeter-Persephone, Izanami-Amaterasu).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Nghi l\u1ec5 apotropaic<\/h3><p>Ereshkigal v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch n\u1eef ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u00f5i \u00e2m (Kur-nu-gi-a, &#8220;v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1&#8221;) kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh theo c\u00e1ch <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mang t\u00ednh xua \u0111u\u1ed5i tai h\u1ecda; c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng apotropaic (Pazuzu, Hamsa, Nazar) b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc huy\u1ec1n thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1eaft \u00e1c.\">apotropaic<\/span>, c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c xua \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 (Galla, Edimmu) th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c thanh t\u1ea9y ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1eeda. B\u1ed9 thanh t\u1ea9y <em>b\u012bt rimki<\/em> v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u1ed9t b\u1ecf y ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eafm c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c (xem Bott\u00e9ro, <em>Mesopotamia<\/em>).<\/p><h3>Ph\u00f9 ch\u00fa<\/h3><p>Trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> &#8220;Chuy\u1ebfn h\u1ea1 gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Inanna-Ishtar&#8221; (ti\u1ebfng Akkad, Foster, <em>Before the Muses<\/em>), c\u00e1c l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn Ereshkigal xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, qua b\u1ea3y c\u1ed5ng n\u1eef th\u1ea7n b\u1ecb l\u1ed9t b\u1ecf y ph\u1ee5c, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1 nh\u1ee5c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n mang t\u00ednh nghi l\u1ec5. C\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 ch\u00fa mu\u1ed9n t\u1eeb Assur (thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean) c\u1ea7u xin Ereshkigal v\u1edbi danh hi\u1ec7u &#8220;\u0161\u0113pti-\u0161a-ir\u1e63itim&#8221; (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n l\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft.<\/p><h3>B\u00f9a h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/h3><p><span data-nosnippet>C\u00e1c ghim \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t apotropaic c\u00f3 kh\u1eafc &#8220;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ee5c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng.\" tabindex=\"0\">minh v\u0103n<\/span> c\u1ed5ng v\u00e0o&#8221; (&#8220;Nguy\u1ec7n Ereshkigal kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ta&#8221;) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n t\u1ea1i l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 (khai qu\u1eadt Nimrud, Mallowan 1953-57). Tr\u00ean \u1ea5n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ka-skalen, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c \u00fd ngh\u0129a.\" tabindex=\"0\">bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> ng\u1ecdn gi\u00e1o l\u1ed9n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ed5ng c\u00f5i \u00e2m. C\u00e1c phi\u1ebfn lapis lazuli kh\u1eafc t\u00ean b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o m\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eadt t\u00f9y t\u00e1ng.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ereshkigal, \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ereshkigal c\u00f3 n\u00e9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi Persephone hay Hera c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng th\u1ef1c thi quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. B\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi Hades quy\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb c\u00f5i \u00e2m, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf t\u00ednh n\u1eef v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p><p>Isis c\u1ee7a Ai C\u1eadp v\u00e0 Kali c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. S\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a Ereshkigal khi\u1ebfn b\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1eef th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5fe2f09 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp5fe2f09\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1899066 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp1899066\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Inanna h\u1ea1 gi\u1edbi: Th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb1e5f28 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpb1e5f28\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp25852c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp25852c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 Ereshkigal l\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> Sumer v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1 gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Inanna, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c phi\u1ebfn ch\u1eef h\u00ecnh n\u00eam t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 2 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c n\u1eef th\u1ea7n b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi Inanna quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1 gi\u1edbi xu\u1ed1ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecb c\u1ea3 Ereshkigal, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1.<\/p><p>T\u1ea1i b\u1ea3y c\u1ed5ng c\u00f5i \u00e2m, Inanna ph\u1ea3i c\u1edfi b\u1ecf l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ed9t y ph\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u1ea7n tru\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t m\u1ecdi \u1ea5n t\u00edn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t Ereshkigal v\u00e0 b\u1ea3y v\u1ecb ph\u00e1n quan c\u00f5i \u00e2m, c\u00e1c Anunna. H\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edbng \u00e1nh m\u1eaft t\u1eed th\u1ea7n v\u00e0o b\u00e0, v\u00e0 Inanna bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft b\u1ecb treo l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u1ecdc.<\/p><p>Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i Enki, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1eed hai sinh v\u1eadt v\u00f4 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh mang th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f5i \u00e2m, Inanna m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed3i sinh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p tho\u00e1t ra n\u1ebfu cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay th\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng Dumuzi c\u1ee7a b\u00e0.<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Akkad c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ebfn h\u1ea1 gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ishtar, ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 chi ti\u1ebft. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng.\" tabindex=\"0\">T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, trong \u0111\u00f3 xem x\u00e9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00f4-t\u00edp<\/span> h\u1ea1 gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u1ed9t b\u1ecf y ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh nghi l\u1ec5.<\/p><p>Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 Ereshkigal nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eef ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba, m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t n\u1eef th\u1ea7n v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 vi ph\u1ea1m lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1e15695 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp1e15695\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6f90e0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp6f90e0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ereshkigal v\u00e0 Nergal: C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u00f5i \u00e2m<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpac150ca e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpac150ca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0688c1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp0688c1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>M\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng th\u1ee9 hai gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Ereshkigal c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. V\u0103n b\u1ea3n Nergal v\u00e0 Ereshkigal \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef trong nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n t\u1eeb Tell el-Amarna \u1edf Ai C\u1eadp ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 14 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n d\u00e0i h\u01a1n t\u1eeb th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Assurbanipal ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 7.<\/p><p>C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n tr\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00e0 Ereshkigal kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tham d\u1ef1 v\u00ec b\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eddi c\u00f5i \u00e2m. B\u00e0 c\u1eed s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 l\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Th\u1ea7n Nergal kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m.<\/p><p>\u0110\u1ec3 chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i, Nergal ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1 gi\u1edbi. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, gi\u1eefa \u00f4ng v\u00e0 Ereshkigal x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p. Trong b\u1ea3n d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, Nergal ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ed1 b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1n, nh\u01b0ng Ereshkigal \u0111e d\u1ecda s\u1ebd th\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i cho b\u00e0. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng Nergal quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng cai tr\u1ecb c\u00f5i \u00e2m.<\/p><p>C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00ec n\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n<\/span> Mesopotamia c\u0169ng trang b\u1ecb cho c\u00f5i \u00e2m m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u cai tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1. C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u0169 h\u01a1n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn Ereshkigal nh\u01b0 n\u1eef ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 duy nh\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn Gugalanna l\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng b\u00e0.<\/p><p>S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Nergal nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n, t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p hai quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i \u00e2m. Gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb hay t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbfb7dfc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpbfb7dfc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpede8ea1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpede8ea1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u00f5i \u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mesopotamia v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Ereshkigal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfe9f0b1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpfe9f0b1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8ee7cb2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp8ee7cb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ereshkigal, quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mesopotamia v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i \u00e2m \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t. Trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, c\u00f5i \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0103n b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y b\u00f9n l\u00e0m th\u1ee9c \u0103n, m\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 chim trong \u00e1o l\u00f4ng v\u0169.<\/p><p>\u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t theo ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn chung, v\u00f4 v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p><p>Ereshkigal cai tr\u1ecb v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y. T\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 l\u00e0 N\u1eef ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c N\u1eef ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, trong \u0111\u00f3 &#8220;v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i&#8221; l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f5i \u00e2m.<\/p><p>B\u00e0 ng\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t cung \u0111i\u1ec7n mang t\u00ean Ganzir, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c canh gi\u1eef b\u1edfi b\u1ea3y c\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 t\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng Namtar, hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh b\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c Anunna v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t.<\/p><p>\u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a quan ni\u1ec7m Mesopotamia l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 c\u00f5i \u00e2m. Ai \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo quy t\u1eafc l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay th\u1ebf m\u1edbi cho ph\u00e9p tho\u00e1t ra. Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u0169ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Inanna cho th\u1ea5y. Ereshkigal v\u00ec v\u1eady th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 mua chu\u1ed9c.<\/p><p>Thi\u00ean anh h\u00f9ng ca n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng <em>Gilgamesh<\/em> ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu c\u00f9ng quan ni\u1ec7m u \u00e1m \u0111\u00f3 trong mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i \u00e2m. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng.\" tabindex=\"0\">T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc<\/span> nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn Ereshkigal \u00edt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u00e1c nh\u00e2n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu, chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh c\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan v\u1ed1n d\u0129 \u0111\u1ec1 cao s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00eam<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"\/vi\/ishtar\/\">Ishtar, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecb Akkad<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/nergal\/\">Nergal, phu qu\u00e2n trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/persephone\/\">Persephone, \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Hy L\u1ea1p<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/hekate\/\">Hekate, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Ereshkigal trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng PGM<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/mesopotamien\/\">Mesopotamia, t\u1ed5ng quan \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/totengottheiten\/\">C\u00e1c th\u1ea7n c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft, danh m\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/vi\/goetter\/\">Th\u1ea7n linh, t\u1ed5ng quan ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Wolkstein, Diane \/ Kramer, Samuel Noah: <em>Inanna. Queen of Heaven and Earth<\/em>. New York 1983.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Betz, Hans Dieter (Hg.): <em>The Greek Magical Papyri in Translation<\/em>. Chicago 1986 (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c quan ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nhau.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ed7n dung<\/span> Ereshkigal-Hekate).<\/span><\/li><li>Walde, Christine (Hg.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (Lemma &#8220;Ereschkigal&#8221;).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea trong <a href=\"\/vi\/literatur\/\">danh m\u1ee5c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ereshkigal, n\u1eef th\u1ea7n trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Mesopotamia Ereshkigal l\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Mesopotamia. N\u1eef ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u00f5i \u00e2m, em g\u00e1i Ishtar, k\u1ebb th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb Kur v\u00e0 Irkalla. Ereshkigal l\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i \u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u00e1c nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1735,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Ereshkigal","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Ereshkigal - N\u1eef ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u00f5i \u00e2m Mesopotamia","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Ereshkigal, n\u1eef ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u00f5i \u00e2m Mesopotamia. Em g\u00e1i Ishtar, v\u1ee3 Nergal - k\u1ebb th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u1ea3y c\u1ed5ng t\u1ed1i t\u0103m.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"mesopotamien","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-88932","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ereshkigal - N\u1eef ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u00f5i \u00e2m Mesopotamia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ereshkigal, n\u1eef ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u00f5i \u00e2m Mesopotamia. 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