{"id":88641,"date":"2026-08-02T23:23:11","date_gmt":"2026-08-02T23:23:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/yam-than-bien-phoenicia\/"},"modified":"2026-08-02T23:23:31","modified_gmt":"2026-08-02T23:23:31","slug":"yam","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/vi\/yam\/","title":{"rendered":"Yam &#8211; Th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n Phoenicia"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"88641\" class=\"elementor elementor-88641 elementor-2630\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yam, th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n Phoenicia-Ugarit v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Baal<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yam (ti\u1ebfng Ugarit <em>ym<\/em>, ti\u1ebfng Phoenicia <em>ym<\/em>) l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ugarit-Phoenicia v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a <a href=\"\/vi\/baal-hadad\/\">Baal<\/a> trong Chu k\u1ef3 Baal. S\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh; \u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7n mang trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ed5 C\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Phoenicia.\">Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3<\/span><a href=\"\/vi\/phoenizisch\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Phoenicia.\">Phoenicia<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n.\">Th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Kh\\u00f4ng t\\u00ecm th\\u1ea5y ti\\u00eau \\u0111\\u1ec1 n\\u00e0o tr\\u00ean trang n\\u00e0y.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tM\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-yam-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-yam-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-yam-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_yam-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2854\" alt=\"Yam - G\u00f6tter aus der Phoenizisch-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_yam-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_yam-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_yam-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_yam.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp2-yam elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp2-yam\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp2-yam\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp2-yam\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp2-yam elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp2-yam\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yam l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n <strong>Phoenicia-Ugarit<\/strong> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Baal trong Chu k\u1ef3 Baal.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yam l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed7n mang trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Phoenicia-Canaan. Mark Smith trong <em>The Ugaritic Baal Cycle<\/em> (1994\/2009) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng Yam trong Chu k\u1ef3 Baal l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp trung t\u00e2m, s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a <a href=\"\/vi\/baal-hadad\/\">Baal<\/a>. Trong <a href=\"\/vi\/phoenizisch\/\">truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Phoenicia<\/a>, Yam l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n h\u1ed7n mang nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3.<\/p><p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, Yam ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho ki\u1ec3u th\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed7n mang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i C\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng: Tiamat \u1edf Mesopotamia, xung \u0111\u1ed9t Marduk-Tiamat, <a href=\"\/vi\/hedammu\/\">Hedammu<\/a> trong <a href=\"\/vi\/hethitisch\/\">truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Hurri<\/a>, Typhon \u1edf Hy L\u1ea1p. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed7n mang n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u00e1c, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 mang t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u1ecb, s\u1ef1 khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh.<\/p><p>Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi <a href=\"\/vi\/hedammu\/\">Hedammu<\/a> hay <a href=\"\/vi\/ullikummi\/\">Ullikummi<\/a>, Yam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1; \u00f4ng c\u00f3 cung \u0111i\u1ec7n ri\u00eang, c\u00f3 s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n. Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc Baal kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1i v\u1eadt, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh gi\u00e0nh v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n linh. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ugarit-Phoenicia v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Hurri.<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong xung \u0111\u1ed9t Baal-Yam l\u00e0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u Yam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c El, v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n cha gi\u00e0 nua, ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c phong l\u00e0m vua. S\u1ef1 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Baal di\u1ec5n ra b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn theo n\u00f3. Chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc<\/span> mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Chu k\u1ef3 Baal, v\u1ed1n ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ea7n linh m\u1edbi.<\/p><p>C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ec7m (Yam) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n phong b\u00e3o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng (Baal) c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi Chu k\u1ef3 Kumarbi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hittite, trong \u0111\u00f3 <a href=\"\/vi\/teshub\/\">Teshub<\/a> n\u1ed5i d\u1eady ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n cha <a href=\"\/vi\/kumarbi\/\">Kumarbi<\/a>. S\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ed3ng thau mu\u1ed9n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00ean g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>T\u00ean <em>ym<\/em> l\u00e0 t\u1eeb chung trong ti\u1ebfng Semit T\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &#8216;bi\u1ec3n&#8217;; Yam do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 &#8216;bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3&#8217; ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa t\u00ean th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 C\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng. Trong ti\u1ebfng Akkad, t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 <em>t\u00e2mtu<\/em> (Tiamat); trong ti\u1ebfng Hebrew l\u00e0 <em>y\u0101m<\/em> (c\u00f3 t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t, song kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh th\u1ea7n).<\/p><p>Trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n Ugarit, Yam xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u danh hi\u1ec7u: <em>zbl ym<\/em> &#8216;V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng Yam&#8217;, <em>tp\u1e6d nhr<\/em> &#8216;Ph\u00e1n quan S\u00f4ng&#8217;, <em>\u02beyl rbn<\/em> &#8216;Th\u1ea7n Quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng&#8217; v\u00e0 <em>tnn<\/em> &#8216;Tannin&#8217; (r\u1ed3ng bi\u1ec3n). Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u00ednh \u0111a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5: Yam v\u1eeba l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 s\u00f4ng, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 r\u1ed3ng, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 k\u1ebb tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n.<\/p><p>Trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u Hebrew, Yam xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Yahweh trong nhi\u1ec1u Th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ti\u00ean tri (Tv 74; Tv 89; Is 27; Kb 3); Liwjatan (Leviathan) v\u00e0 Tannin c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Yam.<\/p><p>John Day trong <em>God&#8217;s Conflict with the Dragon and the Sea<\/em> (1985) \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng li\u1ec7u Hebrew; Mark Smith trong <em>The Origins of Biblical Monotheism<\/em> (2001) \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p><p>Trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n bia Aramaic v\u00e0 Phoenicia c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Yam nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a d\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t; bi\u1ec3n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. S\u1ef1 &#8216;phi th\u1ea7n h\u00f3a&#8217; bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n ra song song v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng Baal v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yam hi\u1ebfm khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a trong \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc; \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 con r\u1eafn bi\u1ec3n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 (Tannin). Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 con d\u1ea5u Ugarit t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 14-13 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn Baal-Yam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Baal v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfc ch\u00f9y gi\u01a1 cao tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh r\u1eafn.<\/p><p>Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Phoenicia, \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Yam c\u00f2n hi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n; bi\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i Phoenicia, v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh m\u0169i thuy\u1ec1n, h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft c\u00e1 v\u00e0 trang tr\u00ed s\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a Yam.<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Hy L\u1ea1p-La M\u00e3: Yam-Poseidon v\u1edbi \u0111inh ba v\u00e0 xe ng\u1ef1a. S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n giao h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Poseidon Hy L\u1ea1p l\u00ean truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n Phoenicia-Semit T\u00e2y \u00edt n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt h\u01a1n \u1edf ch\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c Phoenicia so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, n\u01a1i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng Hy L\u1ea1p m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n.<\/p><p>T\u1ea5m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m \u0111\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 kh\u1eafc ch\u1eef ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh.\" tabindex=\"0\">bia \u0111\u00e1<\/span> b\u00f2 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng t\u1eeb Ras Shamra cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh r\u1eafn nh\u1ecf d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n Baal; gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t con r\u1eafn n\u00e0y v\u1edbi Yam-Tannin. S\u1ef1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a Baal tr\u01b0\u1edbc con r\u1eafn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng li\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Chu k\u1ef3 Baal.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 Yam l\u00e0 Chu k\u1ef3 Baal Ugarit (KTU 1.1, 1.2), trong \u0111\u00f3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa Yam v\u00e0 <a href=\"\/vi\/baal-hadad\/\">Baal<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt. N\u1ed9i dung c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: Yam, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c El ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c phong v\u01b0\u01a1ng, sai s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ea7n linh v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9 Baal. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n run s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u; ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Baal kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u.<\/p><p>Th\u1ea7n th\u1ee3 r\u00e8n Kothar-wa-Khasis ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o cho Baal hai v\u0169 kh\u00ed ph\u00e9p thu\u1eadt mang t\u00ean &#8216;Ayamur&#8217; v\u00e0 &#8216;Yagrush&#8217; (&#8216;k\u1ebb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t&#8217; v\u00e0 &#8216;k\u1ebb s\u0103n \u0111u\u1ed5i&#8217;). Baal chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Yam; \u0111\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m Yam lung lay, \u0111\u00f2n th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u00e1nh g\u1ee5c \u00f4ng.<\/p><p>Yam ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng; Baal tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: &#8216;Yam \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft, Baal l\u00e0 vua!&#8217; Mark Smith \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft v\u0103n b\u1ea3n trong \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft Ugarit kh\u00e1c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a <a href=\"\/vi\/anat-phoenix\/\">Anat<\/a> ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Yam, khi b\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 anh trai Baal. Anat &#8216;\u0111\u00e1nh bi\u1ec3n, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t s\u00f4ng, khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c Tannin, chinh ph\u1ee5c con r\u1eafn u\u1ed1n kh\u00fac&#8217;. Chu\u1ed7i Anat-Yam n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 cho th\u1ea5y cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed7n mang l\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n linh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb c\u1ee7a Baal.<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 Yam li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn &#8216;c\u00e1c con trai c\u1ee7a El&#8217; (<em>bn \u02beil<\/em>), nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ea7n linh. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Yam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ea7n linh, El \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Baal ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng &#8216;h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ea7n linh&#8217; n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00f4-t\u00edp<\/span> &#8216;c\u00e1c con trai c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa&#8217; trong Hebrew (G 1; Tv 82).<\/p><p>C\u00e1c ca s\u0129 Ugarit c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n xung \u0111\u1ed9t Baal-Yam d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang b\u1ea3ng, nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa nghi l\u1ec5. Chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ugarit g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi Wilfred Watson v\u00e0 Pierre Bordreuil.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yam kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng; v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ea7n h\u1ed7n mang, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n.\" tabindex=\"0\">nghi l\u1ec5<\/span> h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9, \u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu v\u1ec1 nguy c\u01a1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n linh.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc trong nghi l\u1ec5 cung \u0111\u00ecnh; Chu k\u1ef3 Baal thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ti\u1ebft m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ca s\u0129 Ugarit v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i l\u1edbn. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n nghi l\u1ec5 chu\u1ed7i Baal-Yam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 Enuma Elish c\u1ee7a Mesopotamia trong l\u1ec5 T\u00e2n ni\u00ean.<\/p><p>Trong c\u00e1c nghi th\u1ee9c h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i Phoenicia, bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n.\" tabindex=\"0\">nghi l\u1ec5<\/span> xoa d\u1ecbu; c\u00e1c thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 l\u1eef h\u00e0nh d\u00e2ng <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L\u1ec5 v\u1eadt d\u00e2ng l\u00ean th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n, c\u1ea7u xin ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh.\" tabindex=\"0\">l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt<\/span> cho bi\u1ec3n v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh b\u00ecnh an. L\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp quy chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn Yam, nh\u01b0ng thu\u1ed9c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc. Sabatino Moscati \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u0103n h\u00f3a h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i Phoenicia trong nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 nghi l\u1ec5 quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a Yam v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n Ugarit; c\u00f3 l\u1ebd xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n.\" tabindex=\"0\">nghi l\u1ec5<\/span> h\u00f3a v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1c c\u01a1n b\u00e3o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n, khi m\u01b0a \u0111\u00f4ng n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u00f9a h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. T\u00ednh th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 nghi l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ed3ng thau mu\u1ed9n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 apotropaic<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh apotropaic ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3n h\u1ed7n mang r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Phoenicia. Tr\u00ean c\u00e1c trang tr\u00ed m\u0169i thuy\u1ec1n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng con m\u1eaft apotropaic, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eebng b\u00f2 ho\u1eb7c &#8216;d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u Tanit&#8217; nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c hi\u1ec3m nguy c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 trang b\u1ecb ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e0u bu\u00f4n v\u00e0 t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn Phoenicia.<\/p><p>T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ea3ng, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i &#8216;bi\u1ec3n cu\u1ed3ng n\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3&#8217; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng; trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n bia Punic t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m t\u1ea1 \u01a1n cho s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 b\u00ecnh an t\u1eeb c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn h\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh. L\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00ec n\u00f3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o t\u00ednh c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Phoenicia.<\/p><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">T\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc, Yam l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a bi\u1ec3n h\u1ed7n mang. Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i theo t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u0169 kh\u00ed ph\u00e9p thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Baal c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1edbi xung \u0111\u1ed9t Marduk-Tiamat, trong \u0111\u00f3 v\u0169 kh\u00ed ph\u00e9p thu\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng. iWell Guard ghi nh\u1eadn Yam nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed-th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p><p>Trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n bia Punic t\u1eeb Carthage v\u00e0 Motya xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n &#8216;c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n&#8217; (ti\u1ebfng Phoenicia <em>\u02belm ym<\/em>) nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn h\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh; li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u00fd \u1ee9c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 Yam hay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng.\" tabindex=\"0\">l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n chung chung v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tranh lu\u1eadn.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c con m\u1eaft \u1edf m\u0169i thuy\u1ec1n Phoenicia c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, b\u00f9a h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt mang t\u00ednh apotropaic.\" tabindex=\"0\">apotropaic<\/span>; ch\u00fang bi\u1ebfn \u00e1nh nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a con thuy\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Yam v\u00e0 c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yam thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed7n mang. Trong Mesopotamia, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Tiamat t\u1eeb Enuma Elish; trong <a href=\"\/vi\/hethitisch\/\">truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Hurri-Hittite<\/a>, <a href=\"\/vi\/hedammu\/\">Hedammu<\/a> v\u00e0 &#8216;B\u00e0i ca v\u1ec1 Bi\u1ec3n&#8217; ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh (CTH 346) ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i <a href=\"\/vi\/teshub\/\">Teshub<\/a>. Mark Smith v\u00e0 Mary Bachvarova \u0111\u00e3 ghi ch\u00e9p s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y trong nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p><p>Trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u Hebrew, Yam l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Yahweh trong nhi\u1ec1u Th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh; s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a Yahweh tr\u01b0\u1edbc Yam, Liwjatan v\u00e0 Tannin (Tv 74:13, 14; Is 27:1). C\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 &#8216;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc<\/span> chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u h\u1ed7n mang&#8217; c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh Hebrew v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Yam Ugarit.<\/p><p>V\u1edbi Typhon Hy L\u1ea1p, Yam chia s\u1ebb h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 h\u1ed7n mang; v\u1edbi Poseidon l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3, song trong c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Hy L\u1ea1p-La M\u00e3, Yam Phoenicia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Poseidon; h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 h\u1ed7n mang t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ea7n h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i.<\/p><p>Trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n bia Urartu xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n Quera, m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi Yam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Mirjo Salvini cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Yam ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao. \u1ea4n b\u1ea3n Chu k\u1ef3 Baal c\u1ee7a Mark Smith v\u00e0 Wayne Pitard l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham chi\u1ebfu chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c; John Day trong <em>God&#8217;s Conflict with the Dragon and the Sea<\/em> (1985) \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Hebrew. Daniel Schwemer trong <em>Die Wettergottgestalten<\/em> (2001) \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p khung l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p><p>Trong ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, Yam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu qua c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i Ugarit v\u00e0 qua c\u00e1c \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh Hebrew. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i sinh t\u00e2m linh theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111a th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi.<\/p><p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khoa h\u1ecdc, Yam ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trung t\u00e2m cho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc<\/span> n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed7n mang c\u1ed5 C\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 cho nh\u00f3m th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1ea7n phong b\u00e3o v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3.<\/p><p>Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau (Yam, Liwjatan, Tannin), c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Tiamat Mesopotamia. iWell Guard ghi nh\u1eadn Yam nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n.<\/p><p>Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Kinh Th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, Yam ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u h\u1ed7n mang. Bernard Batto v\u00e0 John Day \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chi ti\u1ebft m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Yam v\u1edbi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf Hebrew trong nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Yam. Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh Hebrew. \u1ea4n b\u1ea3n Chu k\u1ef3 Baal c\u1ee7a Mark Smith l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p; John Day v\u00e0 Schwemer cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u00f3a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Mary Bachvarova cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Hy L\u1ea1p.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp267ce5fe e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp267ce5fe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c5eeff3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2c5eeff3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Chu k\u1ef3 Baal t\u1eeb Ugarit v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp24751ec0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp24751ec0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp20cca71c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp20cca71c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 <em>Yammu<\/em> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p v\u0103n b\u1ea3n duy nh\u1ea5t: Chu k\u1ef3 Baal, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t ch\u1eef h\u00ecnh n\u00eam b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1929 v\u00e0 th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1930 trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p do Claude Schaeffer ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec t\u1ea1i <em>Tell Ras Shamra<\/em> tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Syria.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u KTU 1.1 \u0111\u1ebfn 1.6; t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft Yam t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o KTU 1.1 v\u00e0 1.2. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p, theo l\u1eddi ghi ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi sao ch\u00e9p, b\u1edfi th\u01b0 l\u1ea1i Ilimilku, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 14 ho\u1eb7c 13 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7.\" tabindex=\"0\">Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t. B\u1ea3ng KTU 1.1 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a xung \u0111\u1ed9t h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t. Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn KTU 1.2 m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch: Yam sai s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ea7n linh v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9 Baal.<\/p><p>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Charles Virolleaud v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u hay kh\u00f4ng. Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c l\u1eddi ghi ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi sao ch\u00e9p, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n.<\/p><p>T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc: Yam kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7.\" tabindex=\"0\">truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 \u0111a \u00e2m, m\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 Baal. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang.\" tabindex=\"0\">t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e0nh cho Yam, v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh ca h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi Baal do \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn mang t\u00ednh suy \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/p><p>\u1ea4n b\u1ea3n chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 <em>Die keilalphabetischen Texte aus Ugarit<\/em> (KTU) c\u1ee7a Manfried Dietrich, Oswald Loretz v\u00e0 Joaqu\u00edn Sanmart\u00edn; m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Anh th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng k\u00e8m ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Mark S. Smith.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp24e2e352 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp24e2e352\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp22d58ce9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp22d58ce9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ea7n linh v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Yam<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp248e4b3c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp248e4b3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp220d4b7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp220d4b7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u1ea3nh Yam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t (KTU 1.2 i) cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n <em>El<\/em>. Yam sai hai s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u giao n\u1ed9p Baal nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9p c\u1ed1ng hay nh\u01b0 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n.<\/p><p>V\u0103n b\u1ea3n trao cho c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t v\u0169 \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c: c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ed1ng g\u1ed1i khi s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn, m\u1ed9t c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i. Baal qu\u1edf tr\u00e1ch h\u1ecd v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng d\u1eady.<\/p><p>El, v\u1ecb t\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9. \u00d4ng g\u1ecdi Yam trong nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng s\u1ee7ng \u00e1i v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u khi g\u1ecdi Baal l\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u1edb c\u1ee7a Yam.<\/p><p>Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a El l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u: n\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n<\/span> Ugarit, v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i cao kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n phong b\u00e3o chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 trao cho xung \u0111\u1ed9t m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc th\u00e1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh gi\u00e0nh ngai v\u00e0ng trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p><p>Yam mang trong nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng n\u00e0y c\u00e1c danh hi\u1ec7u k\u00e9p c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh <em>ym<\/em>, \u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi danh hi\u1ec7u <em>tpt nhr<\/em>, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 &#8220;Ph\u00e1n quan S\u00f4ng&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;Cai qu\u1ea3n D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y&#8221;. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t song song &#8220;Bi\u1ec3n&#8221; v\u00e0 &#8220;S\u00f4ng&#8221; l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 Ugarit v\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng Yam hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc hoang d\u00e3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ec3n kh\u01a1i.<\/p><p>C\u1ea3nh k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Baal v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Qua \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tay \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng b\u1ea3ng t\u1ea1i KTU 1.2 iv. V\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp, xem th\u00eam <a href=\"\/vi\/baal-hammon\/\">Baal-Hammon<\/a> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n Phoenicia mu\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a danh hi\u1ec7u Baal.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o (tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li>Mark Smith \/ Wayne Pitard: <em>The Ugaritic Baal Cycle<\/em> (Leiden 1994\/2009)<\/li><li>John Day: <em>God&#8217;s Conflict with the Dragon and the Sea<\/em> (Cambridge 1985)<\/li><li>Daniel Schwemer: <em>Die Wettergottgestalten Mesopotamiens und Nordsyriens<\/em> (Wiesbaden 2001)<\/li><li>Mark Smith: <em>The Origins of Biblical Monotheism<\/em> (Oxford 2001)<\/li><li>Sabatino Moscati: <em>Die Ph\u00f6niker<\/em> (Stuttgart 1966)<\/li><li>Mary Bachvarova: <em>From Hittite to Homer<\/em> (Cambridge 2016)<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-yam e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-yam\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-yam-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-yam-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Trong Chu k\u1ef3 Baal <em>Ugarit<\/em>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t t\u1eeb Ras Shamra v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, Yam xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Baal, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i \u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u0169 kh\u00ed n\u00e9m Ayamur v\u00e0 Yagrush.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef then ch\u1ed1t li\u00ean quan: Yam Phoenicia th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n Chu k\u1ef3 Baal Tannin Liwjatan n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed7n mang.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-yam\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard v\u00e0 c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard k\u1ebf th\u1eeba truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111eo mang, trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a <a href=\"\/vi\/phoenizisch\/\">Phoenicia<\/a> v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. 41 l\u1edbp, v\u00e0ng th\u1eadt, b\u1ea1ch kim, b\u1ea1c, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c. Quy\u1ec1n tr\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng trong v\u00f2ng 30 ng\u00e0y.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yam-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yam-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yam-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yam-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yam-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m y t\u1ebf. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cam k\u1ebft ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m y t\u1ebf<\/strong> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb y t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c t\u00e2m l\u00fd tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m linh.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yam, th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n Phoenicia-Ugarit v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Baal Yam (ti\u1ebfng Ugarit ym, ti\u1ebfng Phoenicia ym) l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ugarit-Phoenicia v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Baal trong Chu k\u1ef3 Baal. S\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh; \u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2854,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Yam Phoenicia th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n Baal","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Yam - Th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n Phoenicia, Chu k\u1ef3 Baal","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Yam l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Phoenicia-Ugarit, \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Baal trong Chu k\u1ef3 Baal. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc k\u00e8m th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"phoenizisch","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-88641","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Yam - Th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n Phoenicia, Chu k\u1ef3 Baal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Yam l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Phoenicia-Ugarit, \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Baal trong Chu k\u1ef3 Baal. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc k\u00e8m th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/vi\/yam\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Yam - Th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n Phoenicia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Yam l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Phoenicia-Ugarit, \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Baal trong Chu k\u1ef3 Baal. 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