{"id":88618,"date":"2026-08-02T23:21:45","date_gmt":"2026-08-02T23:21:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/than-linh-hoc\/"},"modified":"2026-08-02T23:22:06","modified_gmt":"2026-08-02T23:22:06","slug":"than-linh-hoc","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/vi\/than-linh-hoc\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ea7n linh h\u1ecdc"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Th\u1ea7n linh h\u1ecdc, giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi vong linh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh bu\u1ed5i c\u1ea7u h\u1ed3n<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Th\u1ea7n linh h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi vong linh<\/strong> ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a b\u1edfi Allan Kardec v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh qua c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i c\u1ea7u h\u1ed3n<\/strong> v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea7n linh h\u1ecdc<\/span><\/strong> l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng linh h\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ed1t. Phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n n\u0103m 1848 t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, nhanh ch\u00f3ng lan r\u1ed9ng sang ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 Latinh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 l\u1eabn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u1eeba l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n c\u1eadn t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc s\u01a1 khai.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hydesville 1848 v\u00e0 hai ch\u1ecb em Fox<\/h2>\n

V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1848, hai ch\u1ecb em Margaret v\u00e0 Kate Fox t\u1ea1i Hydesville, New York, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng g\u00f5 trong c\u0103n nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, m\u00e0 h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfng g\u00f5.<\/span><\/p>

T\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh: giao ti\u1ebfp qua ti\u1ebfng g\u00f5, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 xoay b\u00e0n, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n<\/span> v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn nh\u00f3m c\u1ea7u h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ed1t l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n

Allan Kardec v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p<\/h2>\n

T\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p, nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Hippolyte L\u00e9on Denizard Rivail d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00fat danh Allan Kardec \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1857.<\/p>

T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Le Livre des Esprits<\/em> (S\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vong linh, 1857) v\u00e0 Livre des M\u00e9diums<\/em> (1861) c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a th\u1ea7n linh h\u1ecdc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c: linh h\u1ed3n t\u00e1i sinh \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f5i linh h\u1ed3n, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng theo t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng tha nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 tinh th\u1ea7n. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Kardec kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o duy linh Anglo-Saxon \u1edf h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft t\u00e1i sinh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i Brazil, th\u1ea7n linh h\u1ecdc theo Kardec \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9 hai. Ng\u00e0y nay, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ea7n linh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e1nh lan sang Umbanda v\u00e0 Candombl\u00e9. Kardec c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong ph\u1ed5 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u00e2n gian C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 Latinh.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/h2>\n

Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u1ea7n linh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u00e0 bu\u1ed5i c\u1ea7u h\u1ed3n ng\u1ed3i theo h\u00ecnh b\u00e1n nguy\u1ec7t quanh m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc b\u00e0n, do m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ed1t d\u1eabn d\u1eaft v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn li\u00ean l\u1ea1c trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n nh\u1eb9 ho\u1eb7c s\u00e2u. S\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n ra qua ti\u1ebfng g\u00f5, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n, vi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c l\u1eddi n\u00f3i t\u1eeb mi\u1ec7ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ed1t.<\/p>

V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u00eam: tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c b\u1ecb v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ngo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c mang t\u00ednh ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c h\u01a1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tra khoa h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p gian l\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

N\u1ec1n c\u1eadn t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc s\u01a1 khai<\/h2>\n

H\u1ed9i Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u T\u00e2m linh (SPR) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1882 t\u1ea1i London b\u1edfi Frederic Myers, Henry Sidgwick, Edmund Gurney v\u00e0 Eleanor Sidgwick nh\u1eb1m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n linh h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Census of Hallucinations<\/em> (1894) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1eadp Proceedings<\/em> nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef3, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh.<\/span><\/p>

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a SPR \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho n\u1ec1n c\u1eadn t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 sau. William James trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ed1t Leonora Piper v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi b\u00e0 l\u00e0 “white crow” – m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m lung lay lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m chung v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 quan thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Charles Richet, nh\u00e0 sinh l\u00fd h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i Nobel, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ngo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5t<\/em> v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Trait\u00e9 de M\u00e9tapsychique<\/em> (1922) c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00eam t\u00fac. C\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a Eusapia Palladino \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra trong h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m bu\u1ed5i th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 v\u1eabn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n<\/h2>\n

Ngay t\u1eeb n\u1eeda sau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ed1t \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n l\u00e0 k\u1ebb l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o.<\/p>

Ch\u00ednh hai ch\u1ecb em Fox \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng khai th\u00fa nh\u1eadn n\u0103m 1888 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o ra ti\u1ebfng g\u00f5 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ebb kh\u1edbp ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n (Margaret sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi th\u00fa nh\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3). \u1ea2o thu\u1eadt gia Harry Houdini \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho m\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1920 l\u00e0 v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ed1t gian l\u1eadn; t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m A Magician Among the Spirits<\/em> (1924) c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ghi l\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 gian l\u1eadn, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i sinh l\u00fd nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00fd \u0111\u1ed9ng khi xoay b\u00e0n c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e0n chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn thao t\u00fang c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea7n linh h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay<\/h2>\n

Th\u1ea7n linh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i Brazil (Federa\u00e7\u00e3o Esp\u00edrita Brasileira v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3), t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p, t\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh (Spiritualists’ National Union). T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c, phong tr\u00e0o nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n qua c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u1ea7u h\u1ed3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ed1t xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00f5i b\u00ean kia<\/a>.<\/p>

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 vong linh, th\u1ea7n linh h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng then ch\u1ed1t: trong h\u01a1n 170 n\u0103m, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p kho t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u phong ph\u00fa nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi vong linh<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n
    \n
  • Allan Kardec: Das Buch der Geister<\/em>, dt. Ausgabe Br\u00fcssel 1996.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Janet Oppenheim: The Other World. Spiritualism and Psychical Research in England 1850, 1914<\/em>, Cambridge UP 1985.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Ann Braude: Radical Spirits. Spiritualism and Women’s Rights in 19th Century America<\/em>, Beacon 1989.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Renaud Evrard: Folie et paranormal<\/em>, PU Rennes 2014.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Leonardo Vincentini: Spiritism in Brazil<\/em>, Lewiston 2009.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Th\u1ea7n linh h\u1ecdc, giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi vong linh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh bu\u1ed5i c\u1ea7u h\u1ed3n Th\u1ea7n linh h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi vong linh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a b\u1edfi Allan Kardec v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh qua c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i c\u1ea7u h\u1ed3n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ed1t. Th\u1ea7n linh h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3408,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"th\u1ea7n linh h\u1ecdc giao ti\u1ebfp vong linh","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Th\u1ea7n linh h\u1ecdc - Giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi vong linh Kardec | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Th\u1ea7n linh h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 v\u1ec1 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi vong linh. 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