{"id":88491,"date":"2026-08-02T23:14:13","date_gmt":"2026-08-02T23:14:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tsongkhapa-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-02T23:14:41","modified_gmt":"2026-08-02T23:14:41","slug":"tsongkhapa","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/vi\/tsongkhapa\/","title":{"rendered":"Tsongkhapa"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"88491\" class=\"elementor elementor-88491 elementor-3052\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff07ec5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ff07ec5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2587cd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d2587cd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2283551 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2283551\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c119749 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c119749\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tsongkhapa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Gelug<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f77872 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7f77872\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tsongkhapa Lobsang Dragpa (1357 \u0111\u1ebfn 1419) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch tu vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Gelug (&#8220;Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh&#8221;) c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng ph\u00e1i th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng.<\/p><p>T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Ban Thi\u1ec1n L\u1ea1t Ma. Tsongkhapa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kinh vi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 qua vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp tu vi\u1ec7n Ganden.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab9f544 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ab9f544\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c85aa6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"c85aa6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1ea7n \/ N\u1eef th\u1ea7n: Quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng t\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a trong \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m vi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn, chi\u1ebfn tranh, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5, l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd.\">Th\u1ea7n<\/span><a href=\"\/vi\/tibet\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 B\u00f6n - Yidam, Dharmap\u0101la, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Naga.\">T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9c56ca e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c9c56ca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16d86f7 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"16d86f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Kh\\u00f4ng t\\u00ecm th\\u1ea5y ti\\u00eau \\u0111\\u1ec1 n\\u00e0o tr\\u00ean trang n\\u00e0y.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tM\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__16d86f7\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__16d86f7\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__16d86f7\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-473c36f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"473c36f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07c53db iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"07c53db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_tibet_tsongkhapa-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3272\" alt=\"Tsongkhapa - G\u00f6tter aus der Tibet-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_tibet_tsongkhapa-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_tibet_tsongkhapa-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_tibet_tsongkhapa-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_tibet_tsongkhapa.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec5b4e8 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ec5b4e8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c96e6c7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c96e6c7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238d336 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"238d336\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54cceea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"54cceea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tsongkhapa sinh ra t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng Amdo \u1edf mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, thu\u1ed9c t\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u1ea3i ng\u00e0y nay. N\u01a1i sinh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Tsongkha, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i cho \u00f4ng bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u &#8220;ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Tsongkha&#8221;. \u00d4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t tu vi\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba nyingma v\u00e0 kadampa.<\/p><p>N\u0103m 16 tu\u1ed5i, \u00f4ng du h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn mi\u1ec1n trung T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n l\u1edbn Sangphu v\u00e0 Nethang. Trong ba th\u1eadp ni\u00ean ti\u1ebfp theo, \u00f4ng di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u tu vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng quan tr\u1ecdng th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n<p>Robert Thurman trong &#8220;Life and Teachings of Tsong Khapa&#8221; (1982) \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o chi ti\u1ebft h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Tsongkhapa v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3.<\/p><p>B\u1eadc th\u1ea7y quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng s\u00fac t\u00edch.\" tabindex=\"0\">kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> l\u00e0 Drakpa Gyaltsen, c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1eadt t\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 Khedrup Je v\u00e0 Gyaltsab Je. M\u1ed9t b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Sakya Rendawa Shy\u00f6nnu Lodr\u00f6, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u00f4ng trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Madhyamaka. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 sau c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Gelug.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f64bbb4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f64bbb4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f9ab83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0f9ab83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc-t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9bbbea1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9bbbea1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Tsongkhapa nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t gi\u1eefa truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng s\u00fac t\u00edch.\" tabindex=\"0\">kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u1eadt t\u00f4ng.<\/p><p>\u00d4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh theo m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1: tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt tu vi\u1ec7n (Vinaya), ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng s\u00fac t\u00edch.\" tabindex=\"0\">kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Madhyamaka v\u00e0 Pramana, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u1eadt t\u00f4ng. Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt Gelug v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c cho n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tu vi\u1ec7n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n\n<p>T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 &#8220;Lam Rim Chenmo&#8221;, &#8220;Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n&#8221;, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh n\u0103m 1402, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t qua ba t\u1ea7ng (\u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p, trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cao).<\/p><p>Donald Lopez v\u00e0 Joshua Cutler \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y sang ti\u1ebfng Anh th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eadp v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Gelug v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-157b82d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"157b82d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b04173 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5b04173\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Madhyamaka<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8154cdb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8154cdb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, Tsongkhapa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu qua c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Madhyamaka c\u1ee7a Nagarjuna. \u00d4ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8220;prasangika-madhyamaka&#8221;, v\u1ed1n b\u00e1c b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u1ec1 &#8220;t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng&#8221; (\u015b\u016bnyat\u0101) m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng.<\/p><p>T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 &#8220;S\u1ef1 S\u00e1ng T\u1ecf c\u1ee7a T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng&#8221; (&#8220;dgongs pa rab gsal&#8221;), trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Madhyamika \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 Candrakirti v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n<p>Jos\u00e9 Cabez\u00f3n trong &#8220;A Dose of Emptiness&#8221; (1992) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u Madhyamaka c\u1ee7a Tsongkhapa kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u00f4ng b\u00e1c b\u1ecf quan ni\u1ec7m cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c.<\/p><p>L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb ph\u00eda c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Nyingma v\u00e0 Sakya, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u00e1 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc. &#8220;Cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng&#8221; do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng su\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3deba7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3deba7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea81549 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ea81549\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m m\u1eadt t\u00f4ng<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0b27c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e0b27c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng s\u00fac t\u00edch.\" tabindex=\"0\">kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span>, Tsongkhapa c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Yoga m\u1eadt t\u00f4ng t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m &#8220;sngags rim chen mo&#8221; (&#8220;Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a M\u1eadt ch\u00fa&#8221;, 1405) l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eadt t\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a &#8220;Lam Rim Chenmo&#8221;.<\/p><p>N\u00f3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u1eadt t\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n l\u1edbp (Kriya-, Carya-, Yoga-, Anuttarayoga-Tantra) v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho t\u1eebng l\u1edbp. Tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng Gelug.<\/p>\n\n<p>Tsongkhapa ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Guhyasamaja Tantra, m\u00e0 \u00f4ng coi l\u00e0 Anuttarayoga Tantra trung t\u00e2m nh\u1ea5t. Chakrasamvara Tantra v\u00e0 Yamantaka Tantra c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Christian Wedemeyer trong c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 Aryadeva v\u00e0 Candrakirti \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1ch Tsongkhapa k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng v\u1edbi tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Madhyamaka th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 quan ni\u1ec7m th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b335914 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b335914\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd96f2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cd96f2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tu vi\u1ec7n Ganden v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a857d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a857d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>N\u0103m 1409, Tsongkhapa kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng &#8220;Monlam Chenmo&#8221;, &#8220;L\u1ec5 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Lhasa&#8221;, m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i tu vi\u1ec7n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 21 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp T\u1ebft T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, quy t\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn t\u0103ng ni v\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129.<\/p><p>L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Tsongkhapa nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. Trong c\u00f9ng n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp tu vi\u1ec7n Ganden tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng Lhasa, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tu vi\u1ec7n m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Gelug.<\/p>\n\n<p>V\u00e0i n\u0103m sau, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Drepung (1416 b\u1edfi Jamyang Choje, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Tsongkhapa) v\u00e0 Sera (1419 b\u1edfi Sakya Yeshe, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed). Ba tu vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, &#8220;ba tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n&#8221;, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng tu vi\u1ec7n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh, m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn t\u0103ng s\u0129.<\/p><p>Per S\u00f8rensen trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed tu vi\u1ec7n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Gelug v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15 \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o theo s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n trung T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68a198a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"68a198a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31e0675 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31e0675\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt tu vi\u1ec7n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83c8358 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"83c8358\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tsongkhapa \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t coi tr\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t Vinaya, t\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt t\u0103ng s\u0129. \u00d4ng ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1eefa gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt tu vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u1eadt t\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u0103ng s\u0129 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0103n u\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p><p>S\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i cho \u00f4ng danh hi\u1ec7u &#8220;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u1ee9 hai&#8221; (&#8220;sangs rgyas gnyis pa&#8221;), cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Gelug.<\/p>\n\n<p>C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u0169ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. Tsongkhapa thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh: Vinaya, Abhidharma, Pramana, Madhyamaka v\u00e0 Prajnaparamita. M\u1ed7i m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 thi.<\/p><p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng &#8220;k\u1ef3 thi Geshe&#8221; m\u00e0 \u00f4ng kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn &#8220;Geshe Lharampa&#8221;, h\u1ecdc v\u1ecb h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Gelug. Donald Lopez trong &#8220;The Madman&#8217;s Middle Way&#8221; (2006) \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng tri th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29b3008 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"29b3008\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-890b427 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"890b427\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">S\u1ef1 qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fb4c24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1fb4c24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tsongkhapa qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1419 t\u1ea1i tu vi\u1ec7n Ganden. Thi h\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi tu vi\u1ec7n b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y trong C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng V\u0103n h\u00f3a, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng.<\/p><p>T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh 18 t\u1eadp v\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n trong \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n Lhasa n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. Trong c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 ti\u1ebfp theo, nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng; ri\u00eang &#8220;Lam Rim Chenmo&#8221; \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u01a1n 100 b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Tsongkhapa, ng\u00e0y 25 c\u1ee7a th\u00e1ng th\u1ee9 10 theo l\u1ecbch T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi &#8220;Ganden Ngamch\u00f6&#8221; qua c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e8n b\u01a1 l\u1edbn. Trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Gelug; ngay c\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 quan tr\u1ecdng, d\u00f9 \u1edf n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf.<\/p><p>Geoffrey Samuel \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng Tsongkhapa, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ebf n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 Thomas Aquinas trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c Maimonides trong Do Th\u00e1i gi\u00e1o rabbinical.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91d3352 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"91d3352\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-432921e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"432921e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d15be08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d15be08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Trong ng\u00e0nh T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng.\" tabindex=\"0\">t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc<\/span>, Tsongkhapa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Giuseppe Tucci trong n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20.<\/p><p>David Snellgrove, Robert Thurman, Donald Lopez, Jos\u00e9 Cabez\u00f3n v\u00e0 Jan-Ulrich Sobisch \u0111\u00e3 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng. &#8220;Lam Rim Chenmo&#8221; c\u1ee7a Tsongkhapa ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Anh ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u1eadt t\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn trong c\u00e1c \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n<p>Trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u01b0u vong T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, Tsongkhapa ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Gelug v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma th\u1ee9 14 Tenzin Gyatso trong nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 &#8220;Lam Rim Chenmo&#8221;, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Tsongkhapa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p><p>Ngo\u00e0i l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, Tsongkhapa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc h\u00e0n l\u00e2m ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a phi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d55238 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8d55238\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9b9305 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f9b9305\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80b5746 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"80b5746\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>&#8220;gsung &#8216;bum&#8221; (&#8220;Tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m&#8221;) c\u1ee7a Tsongkhapa, trong \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n Tashilhunpo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, g\u1ed3m m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m t\u1eadp ch\u1ee9a kho\u1ea3ng 210 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u01b0 t\u1eeb.<\/p><p>B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh &#8220;Lamrim Chenmo&#8221; (&#8220;Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n&#8221;, 1402) v\u00e0 &#8220;Ngakrim Chenmo&#8221; (&#8220;Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t \u00e2m ti\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">M\u1eadt ch\u00fa<\/span>&#8220;, 1405), c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n c\u00f3 &#8220;Drang-nges legs-bshad snying-po&#8221; (&#8220;Tinh t\u00fay c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ngh\u0129a t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh&#8221;, 1408), &#8220;Rigs pa&#8217;i rgya mtsho&#8221; (&#8220;\u0110\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn&#8221;, b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 M\u016blamadhyamakak\u0101rik\u0101 c\u1ee7a N\u0101g\u0101rjuna) v\u00e0 &#8220;Lhag mthong chen mo&#8221; (t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m trung gian v\u1ec1 tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c tr\u00edch t\u1eeb Lamrim Chenmo).<\/p><p>Robert A. F. Thurman trong &#8220;Tsongkhapa&#8217;s Speech of Gold in the Essence of True Eloquence&#8221; (Princeton 1984) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Anh ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a &#8220;Drang-nges legs-bshad snying-po&#8221; v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 ch\u00fa th\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o phong ph\u00fa; Jos\u00e9 Ignacio Cabez\u00f3n trong &#8220;A Dose of Emptiness&#8221; (Albany 1992) \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a mKhas-grub-rje v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Madhyamaka c\u1ee7a Tsongkhapa.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Tsongkhapa \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1edd &#8220;Sera Jey Library&#8221; v\u00e0 &#8220;Tibetan Buddhist Resource Center&#8221; (TBRC, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1999 c\u1ee7a E. Gene Smith). Donald S. Lopez Jr. trong &#8220;The Madman&#8217;s Middle Way&#8221; (Chicago 2006) v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 hermeneutics Gelug \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Tsongkhapa mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p: \u00f4ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p phong c\u00e1ch Prasa\u1e45gika \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Candrak\u012brti v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tri th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn chi ti\u1ebft theo Dharmak\u012brti, qua \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c lai gh\u00e9p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh scholastic Gelug v\u1ec1 sau cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e02b96 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4e02b96\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5134f5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5134f5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \"svatantra\"<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ce88a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1ce88a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tranh lu\u1eadn gi\u00e1o l\u00fd trung t\u00e2m m\u00e0 Tsongkhapa \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u trong Madhyamaka c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn logic \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp (svatantra-anum\u0101na, tib. &#8220;rang rgyud&#8221;) hay ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c suy di\u1ec5n quy k\u1ebft h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 (prasa\u1e45ga). Tsongkhapa t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t l\u00e0 Prasa\u1e45gika theo d\u00f2ng Buddhap\u0101lita v\u00e0 Candrak\u012brti, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Bh\u0101vaviveka \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc theo h\u01b0\u1edbng svatantrika.<\/p><p>S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong &#8220;Lhag mthong chen mo&#8221; v\u00e0 &#8220;Rigs pa&#8217;i rgya mtsho&#8221;. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau: c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Sakya Gorampa Sonam Senge (1429 \u0111\u1ebfn 1489) v\u00e0 Shakya Chogden (1428 \u0111\u1ebfn 1507) ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i Tsongkhapa quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ea3y sinh cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15 v\u00e0 16.<\/p>\n<p>Cabez\u00f3n v\u00e0 Geshe Lobsang Dargyay trong nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p trong &#8220;Scholasticism&#8221; (Albany 1998), \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y. Jos\u00e9 Cabez\u00f3n trong &#8220;Freedom from Extremes&#8221; (Somerville 2007) \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Gorampa &#8220;lTa ba&#8217;i shan &#8216;byed&#8221; (&#8220;Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m&#8221;) v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Tsongkhapa. Janet Gyatso trong &#8220;Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies&#8221; (t\u1eadp 27, 2004) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u1eafn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng trung t\u00e2m tu vi\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b68be83 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b68be83\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fd2180 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4fd2180\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng B\u00f6n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i c\u0169 h\u01a1n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55c1090 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"55c1090\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Tsongkhapa kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3.<\/p><p>\u00d4ng ti\u1ebfp thu nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i kadampa, v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 11 v\u1edbi b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 Atisha, v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u1eadt t\u00f4ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o B\u00f6n, t\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng ti\u1ec1n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u00f4ng gi\u1eef kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ee9c h\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nyingma-pa v\u00e0 kagy\u00fc-pa, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng m\u1eadt t\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 sau gi\u1eefa truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Gelug v\u00e0 Nyingma-pa hay Kagy\u00fc-pa ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a Tsongkhapa.<\/p><p>Klaus-Dieter Mathes trong c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tsongkhapa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Gelug Tsongkhapa Lobsang Dragpa (1357 \u0111\u1ebfn 1419) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch tu vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Gelug (&#8220;Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh&#8221;) c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng ph\u00e1i th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3272,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Tsongkhapa","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Tsongkhapa - Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Gelug | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Tsongkhapa (1357-1419) l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Gelug c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma. Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Lamrim, ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-88491","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tsongkhapa - Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Gelug | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Tsongkhapa (1357-1419) l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Gelug c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma. 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