{"id":88284,"date":"2026-08-02T23:01:32","date_gmt":"2026-08-02T23:01:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/horagalles-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-02T23:02:01","modified_gmt":"2026-08-02T23:02:01","slug":"horagalles","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/vi\/horagalles\/","title":{"rendered":"Horagalles"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"88284\" class=\"elementor elementor-88284 elementor-3064\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51c86db e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"51c86db\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9c7d09 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c9c7d09\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-247d924 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"247d924\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-859b0ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"859b0ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Horagalles, th\u1ea7n s\u1ea5m s\u00e9t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u00e1mi<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e5671d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0e5671d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Horagalles (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Hora Galles, Tiermes ho\u1eb7c Aijeke) l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n s\u1ea5m v\u00e0 b\u00e3o t\u1ed1 trong t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u00e1mi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ti\u1ec1n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc Scandinavia, Ph\u1ea7n Lan v\u00e0 b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Kola thu\u1ed9c Nga. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p trong c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o th\u1eddi c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i, song gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ngu\u1ed3n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0020e40 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0020e40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95e240c elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"95e240c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1ea7n \/ N\u1eef th\u1ea7n: Quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng t\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a trong \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m vi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn, chi\u1ebfn tranh, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5, l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd.\">Th\u1ea7n<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f7853f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8f7853f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16003f2 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"16003f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Kh\\u00f4ng t\\u00ecm th\\u1ea5y ti\\u00eau \\u0111\\u1ec1 n\\u00e0o tr\\u00ean trang n\\u00e0y.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 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9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__16003f2\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8542b5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b8542b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fed4b00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fed4b00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sami_horagalles-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3263\" alt=\"Horagalles - G\u00f6tter aus der Sami-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sami_horagalles-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sami_horagalles-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sami_horagalles-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sami_horagalles.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a58c52c e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a58c52c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e2596b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1e2596b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c754be elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9c754be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c01c74e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c01c74e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh v\u0103n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1edd th\u1ea7n s\u1ea5m c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 v\u00e0 18. Olaus Magnus trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m &#8220;Historia de gentibus septentrionalibus&#8221; (1555) l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ghi ch\u00e9p to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u00e1mi, song d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 t\u00ednh xa c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m &#8220;Lapponia&#8221; (1673) c\u1ee7a Johannes Schefferus, trong \u0111\u00f3 Horagalles \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u00f5 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. Sang th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18, Knud Leem, Lars Levi L\u00e6stadius v\u00e0 Johan Nordlander b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam c\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet>C\u1ea7n th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng khi di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y. H\u00e5kan Rydving trong c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong &#8220;The End of Drum-Time&#8221; (1993), \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u00e1mi qua l\u0103ng k\u00ednh Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 b\u00f3p m\u00e9o n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 &#8220;th\u1ea7n&#8221;, &#8220;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"T\u00ean g\u1ecdi mang t\u00ednh mi\u1ec7t th\u1ecb d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3<\/span>&#8221; hay &#8220;qu\u1ef7&#8221; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u00e1mi.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Juha Pentik\u00e4inen trong &#8220;Sami Mythology&#8221; (1999) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn: t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u00e1mi trong h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ti\u1ec1n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o ng\u00e0y nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp. Louise B\u00e4ckman v\u00e0 Anna-Leena Siikala \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh ch\u00fa ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc1f546 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bc1f546\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee392e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ee392e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00ean g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c45135 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c45135\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>T\u00ean Horagalles \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u00e1mi t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng B\u1eafc C\u1ed5 &#8220;\u00de\u00f3rr karl&#8221; (&#8220;Thor gi\u00e0&#8221;, &#8220;ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng Thor&#8221;), ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n s\u1ea5m Thor trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng B\u1eafc Germanic.<\/p><p>T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft chu\u1ea9n t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 Lars Levi L\u00e6stadius, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau l\u00e0 Konrad Nielsen c\u00f9ng Pekka Sammallahti x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef S\u00e1mi, d\u1ea1ng Hora-Galles hay Hora-Gallis c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng, c\u00f2n trong ti\u1ebfng S\u00e1mi mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u00e0 Horag\u00e1lles.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c cho v\u1ecb <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t danh th\u1ec3: Tiermes, Atjek, Aijeke ho\u1eb7c Pajan-Olmai. S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng t\u00ean g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef theo v\u00f9ng, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u00e1mi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, m\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean m\u1ea1nh theo \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p><p>H\u00e5kan Rydving \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t h\u00f3a nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36a4086 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"36a4086\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2baf39b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2baf39b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ea7n s\u1ea5m<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3ec1aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d3ec1aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Horagalles tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n s\u1ea5m, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u00e9t v\u00e0 s\u1ea5m, qua \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n x\u1ea5u xa, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Stallo (nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c trong t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u00e1mi.<\/p><p>C\u00e1i b\u00faa hay r\u00ecu chi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 xua \u0111u\u1ed5i k\u1ebb \u00e1c v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i qu\u1ef7 troll v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 v\u0169 trang n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1edbi Thor c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng B\u1eafc Germanic.<\/p>\n\n<p>Anna-Leena Siikala trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh so s\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> Finno-Ugric v\u00e0 S\u00e1mi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n s\u1ea5m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u00e1mi ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng Scandinavia, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c quan ni\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi h\u01a1n.<\/p><p>Trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea7n Lan (Ukko) v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng Siberia (Num c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nenets) c\u0169ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p th\u1ea7n s\u1ea5m B\u1eafc \u00c1-\u00c2u r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f79bb2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4f79bb2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be4684c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"be4684c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean tr\u1ed1ng shaman<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8d7823 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c8d7823\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.\" tabindex=\"0\">bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n S\u00e1mi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc tr\u1ed1ng S\u00e1mi (&#8220;goavddis&#8221; hay &#8220;gievrie&#8221;), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 v\u00e0 18.<\/p><p>Tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfc tr\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trung t\u00e2m, th\u01b0\u1eddng mang b\u00faa ho\u1eb7c r\u00ecu v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 Horagalles. \u0110\u00f4i khi h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ngay b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c \u00fd ngh\u0129a.\" tabindex=\"0\">bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi (Beaivi), nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb cao c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n<\/span> S\u00e1mi.<\/p>\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd tr\u00ean tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c &#8220;noaidi&#8221; (shaman S\u00e1mi) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 trang tr\u00ed theo c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p><p>Ernst Manker v\u00e0 Phebe Fjellstr\u00f6m trong c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed1ng S\u00e1mi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.\" tabindex=\"0\">bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc<\/span> chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a cho Horagalles, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (b\u00faa, r\u00ecu, h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng nh\u00e2n h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi v\u0169 kh\u00ed gi\u01a1 cao) xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62583e8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"62583e8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa6e9c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fa6e9c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 nghi l\u1ec5<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff303a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ff303a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o cung c\u1ea5p r\u1ea5t \u00edt th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Horagalles d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L\u1ec5 v\u1eadt d\u00e2ng l\u00ean th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n, c\u1ea7u xin ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh.\" tabindex=\"0\">l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt<\/span> d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u00fac v\u1eadt (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 tu\u1ea7n l\u1ed9c), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t (&#8220;sieidi&#8221;).<\/p><p>C\u00e1c th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ng\u1ef1 tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n. Khi c\u00f3 d\u00f4ng b\u00e3o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00e2ng <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L\u1ec5 v\u1eadt d\u00e2ng l\u00ean th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n, c\u1ea7u xin ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh.\" tabindex=\"0\">l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 xoa d\u1ecbu Horagalles ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7u xin s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n<p>Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh shaman chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u00e1mi. Noaidi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng tr\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 qua c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nghi l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Horagalles. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 &#8220;ph\u00e9p thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a qu\u1ef7&#8221; v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb truy b\u1ee9c c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 v\u00e0 18.<\/p><p>H\u00e5kan Rydving trong &#8220;The End of Drum-Time&#8221; \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc tr\u1ed1ng S\u00e1mi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c t\u1ecbch thu trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cf8ed3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7cf8ed3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1298de4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1298de4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ebf ch\u1ed7<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fbc340 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3fbc340\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u00e1mi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 11 v\u00e0 12 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16 v\u00e0 17, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ti\u1ec1n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng.<\/p><p>H\u00e5kan Rydving \u0111\u00e3 ghi ch\u00e9p chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc-gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n, Na Uy, Ph\u1ea7n Lan v\u00e0 Nga \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t, t\u1ecbch thu tr\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n<p>Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ebf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y, Horagalles th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi qu\u1ef7 Satan c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t h\u00f3a n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o nh\u1eb1m g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u0169 l\u00e0 qu\u1ef7 ma.<\/p><p>C\u0169ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t Horagalles v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh Olaf, v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Na Uy, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Horagalles \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 k\u1ebb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t qu\u1ef7 troll v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u0169 v\u00e0 m\u1edbi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc98dbf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dc98dbf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00a74a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"00a74a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4374957 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4374957\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o S\u00e1mi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u1eeda sau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 v\u00e0 21. C\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb H\u00e5kan Rydving, Juha Pentik\u00e4inen, Louise B\u00e4ckman, Anna-Leena Siikala, Ernst Manker v\u00e0 Phebe Fjellstr\u00f6m.<\/p><p>H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng nhau x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ee9c tranh ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o S\u00e1mi, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1eefng b\u00f3p m\u00e9o do c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Scandinavia. Trong khi c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169 xem Horagalles l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n S\u00e1mi thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay c\u1ee7a Thor, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng S\u00e1mi \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 xem \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng Scandinavia nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean quan ni\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n s\u1ea5m S\u00e1mi c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a h\u01a1n. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Anna-Leena Siikala b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Finno-Ugric.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2eae97c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2eae97c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6f1672 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c6f1672\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 v\u00e0 18<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df3246d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"df3246d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ngu\u1ed3n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u trong <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7.\" tabindex=\"0\">truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba<\/span> v\u1ec1 Horagalles n\u1eb1m \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 v\u00e0 18, khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 quan ch\u1ee9c Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n, \u0110an M\u1ea1ch-Na Uy l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o S\u00e1mi.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Johannes Schefferus xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m &#8220;Lapponia&#8221; n\u0103m 1673 t\u1ea1i Frankfurt, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n theo l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a T\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ea7n linh trong m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ri\u00eang mang t\u00ean &#8220;De Lapponum Diis&#8221; v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t Horagalles (d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng &#8220;Thoragalles&#8221;) \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n s\u1ea5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8220;Stoorjunkare&#8221;.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Schefferus d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 Olaus Petri Niurenius, Samuel Rheen, Olaus Graan v\u00e0 Johannes Tornaeus, m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00f4i khi tr\u00edch d\u1eabn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m &#8220;Lapponia&#8221; nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (ti\u1ebfng Anh n\u0103m 1674, ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c n\u0103m 1675, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1678) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o S\u00e1mi \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u trong su\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>T\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng Na Uy-\u0110an M\u1ea1ch, song song v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o Thomas von Westen (1682-1727), ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8220;T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Lapp&#8221;, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t S\u00e1mi \u1edf mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc Na Uy.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Isaac Olsen, Hans Skanke (v\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m &#8220;Epitomes Historiae Missionis Lapponicae Pars Prima&#8221; ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh n\u0103m 1728), Jens Kildal v\u00e0 Johan Randulf \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o vi\u1ebft tay, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8220;B\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o N\u00e6r\u00f8y&#8221; (Randulf) v\u00e0 &#8220;B\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o Kildal&#8221;.<\/span><\/p><p>C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 b\u1edfi Reidar Th. Christiansen v\u00e0 Karl Bernhard Wiklund. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3: b\u00f2 \u0111\u1ef1c m\u00e0u \u0111en \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho c\u00f5i thi\u00eang li\u00eang th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng.\" tabindex=\"0\">hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng<\/span> cho th\u1ea7n s\u1ea5m v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a h\u00e8, c\u00e1c c\u00e0nh v\u1ecf c\u00e2y b\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00ecnh tia s\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c treo t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 &#8220;sieidi&#8221; nh\u1eadn l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng m\u1ee1 v\u00e0 m\u00e1u.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e674e9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3e674e9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15f8ed9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"15f8ed9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tranh v\u1ebd tr\u1ed1ng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u so s\u00e1nh<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58eb664 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"58eb664\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Ngu\u1ed3n bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 Horagalles l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u1ed1ng &#8220;goavddis&#8221;, t\u1ee9c tr\u1ed1ng shaman c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia &#8220;noaidi&#8221; S\u00e1mi. Ernst Manker trong hai t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 &#8220;Die lappische Zaubertrommel. Eine ethnologische Monographie&#8221; (Stockholm 1938 v\u00e0 1950) \u0111\u00e3 ghi ch\u00e9p v\u00e0 l\u1eadp danh m\u1ee5c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng b\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i chi\u1ebfc tr\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p><p>Tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba s\u1ed1 tr\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trung t\u00e2m c\u1ea7m hai b\u00faa (ho\u1eb7c b\u00faa v\u00e0 g\u1eady), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 Horagalles trong c\u00e1c ch\u00fa th\u00edch ngu\u1ed3n tr\u00ean tr\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 t\u1ecbch thu. H\u00ecnh v\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean &#8220;Tr\u1ed1ng Bindal&#8221; (Stockholm, Nordiska Museet) v\u00e0 tr\u00ean &#8220;Tr\u1ed1ng S\u00f8r-Fron&#8221; (Oslo, Norsk Folkemuseum).<\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>H\u00e5kan Rydving trong &#8220;The End of Drum-Time. Religious Change Among the Lule Saami, 1670s to 1740s&#8221; (Uppsala 1995) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c tranh v\u1ebd tr\u00ean tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n<\/span> t\u0129nh, m\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean theo v\u00f9ng v\u00e0 mang d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng &#8220;noaidi&#8221;, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ea1nh trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u1edbi Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o th\u1eddi c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Juha Pentik\u00e4inen (&#8220;Shamanism and Northern Ecology&#8221;, Berlin 1996) v\u00e0 Anna Westman (tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp &#8220;S\u00e1pmi.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Becoming a Nation&#8221;, Stockholm 2007) \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn c\u00e1c m\u1eabu tr\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o theo ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh t\u1eeb Inari v\u00e0 Pite-Lappmark.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Konsta Kaikkonen trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2017 (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 &#8220;S\u00e1mi Religious Source Material&#8221;, 2020) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng b\u00f3p m\u00e9o v\u1ec1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ngu\u1ed3n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ecbch thu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129: nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfc tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00fa \u0111\u1ec3 &#8220;x\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i&#8221; v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f38d8f6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f38d8f6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5565be6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5565be6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a53521d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a53521d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 v\u00e0 21, b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc S\u00e1mi, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. C\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef S\u00e1mi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u00edt nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p><p>Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Horagalles, nh\u01b0ng trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc S\u00e1mi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i, ng\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c \u00fd ngh\u0129a.\" tabindex=\"0\">bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n<p>Trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111a s\u1ed1 Ph\u1ea7n Lan, Na Uy v\u00e0 Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n, Horagalles \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n Thor v\u00e0 Odin, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n h\u00f3a S\u00e1mi.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 Siida \u1edf Inari, Nordnorsk Vitenskapsmuseum \u1edf Troms\u00f8 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u00c1jtte \u1edf Jokkmokk gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o S\u00e1mi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u1eadu th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng S\u00e1mi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Horagalles, th\u1ea7n s\u1ea5m s\u00e9t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u00e1mi Horagalles (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Hora Galles, Tiermes ho\u1eb7c Aijeke) l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n s\u1ea5m v\u00e0 b\u00e3o t\u1ed1 trong t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u00e1mi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ti\u1ec1n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc Scandinavia, Ph\u1ea7n Lan v\u00e0 b\u00e1n [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3263,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Horagalles","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Horagalles - Th\u1ea7n S\u1ea5m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u00e1mi | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Horagalles (Hora Galles) l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n s\u1ea5m s\u00e9t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u00e1mi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf ch\u0103n tu\u1ea7n l\u1ed9c. C\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Thor - b\u00faa, cung v\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng shaman.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"1","wesen_kultur":"sami","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-88284","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Horagalles - Th\u1ea7n S\u1ea5m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u00e1mi | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Horagalles (Hora Galles) l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n s\u1ea5m s\u00e9t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u00e1mi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf ch\u0103n tu\u1ea7n l\u1ed9c. 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