{"id":88203,"date":"2026-08-02T22:56:58","date_gmt":"2026-08-02T22:56:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gilgamesh-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-02T22:57:26","modified_gmt":"2026-08-02T22:57:26","slug":"gilgamesh","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/vi\/gilgamesh\/","title":{"rendered":"Gilgamesh"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"88203\" class=\"elementor elementor-88203 elementor-3021\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3e3c3b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f3e3c3b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bbc821e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bbc821e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d188d32 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d188d32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-058fd72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"058fd72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gilgamesh, vua Uruk v\u00e0 anh h\u00f9ng s\u1eed thi<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e492cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e492cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gilgamesh l\u00e0 vua Uruk v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a s\u1eed thi l\u1edbn c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef h\u00ecnh n\u00eam. Gilgamesh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 anh h\u00f9ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p><p>L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Uruk, \u00f4ng tr\u1ecb v\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng 126 n\u0103m theo c\u00e1c danh s\u00e1ch v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt b\u00e1n th\u1ea7n, m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t t\u1eed l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1eed thi mang t\u00ean \u00f4ng.<\/p><p>S\u1eed thi Gilgamesh trong phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n chu\u1ea9n kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n g\u1ed3m 12 phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc9ddbb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cc9ddbb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6b7fd5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"f6b7fd5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1ea7n \/ N\u1eef th\u1ea7n: Quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng t\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a trong \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m vi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn, chi\u1ebfn tranh, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5, l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd.\">Th\u1ea7n<\/span><a href=\"\/vi\/mesopotamien\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"C\u00e1i n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ghi ch\u00e9p - Sumer, Akkad, Babylon, Assyria (kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 3500 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 330 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean).\">L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27e3cd9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"27e3cd9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae065e5 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"ae065e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Kh\\u00f4ng t\\u00ecm th\\u1ea5y ti\\u00eau \\u0111\\u1ec1 n\\u00e0o tr\\u00ean trang n\\u00e0y.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tM\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__ae065e5\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__ae065e5\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__ae065e5\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ee736b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8ee736b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b44efa iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3b44efa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gilgamesh-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3250\" alt=\"Gilgamesh - G\u00f6tter aus der Mesopotamien-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gilgamesh-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gilgamesh-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gilgamesh-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gilgamesh.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f624568 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f624568\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-642c4d0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"642c4d0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01e289b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"01e289b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1063586 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1063586\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gilgamesh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua Uruk trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 s\u01a1 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. T\u00ean \u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c danh s\u00e1ch v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u Sumer v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 v\u1ecb vua th\u1ee9 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Uruk, trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua mang m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh.<\/p><p>Ngay trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Sumer c\u1ed5, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 mang n\u1eeda ph\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh, b\u1edfi m\u1eb9 \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Ninsun, m\u1ed9t n\u1eef th\u1ea7n c\u1ea5p nh\u1ecf, c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Lugalbanda, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 Sumer c\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 Gilgamesh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ca ri\u00eang l\u1ebb. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3: &#8220;Gilgamesh v\u00e0 Aga&#8221;, &#8220;Gilgamesh v\u00e0 Huwawa&#8221;, &#8220;Gilgamesh v\u00e0 Con b\u00f2 tr\u1eddi&#8221;, &#8220;C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Gilgamesh&#8221; v\u00e0 &#8220;Gilgamesh, Enkidu v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi&#8221;.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>V\u00e0o th\u1eddi Babylon c\u1ed5, kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1800 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ca n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, l\u00fac n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Akkad. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi Assyria trung k\u1ef3, kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1200 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 sau g\u1ed3m m\u01b0\u1eddi hai phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t ra \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho tu s\u0129 Sin-leqi-unninni.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>S\u1eed thi ban \u0111\u1ea7u theo ch\u00e2n v\u1ecb vua Gilgamesh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n, k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o l\u00ean th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra Enkidu, m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hoang d\u00e3, s\u00e1nh ngang Gilgamesh v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh. C\u1ea3 hai k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng nhau l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng Humbaba, ng\u01b0\u1eddi canh gi\u1eef khu r\u1eebng tuy\u1ebft t\u00f9ng.<\/p><p>Sau chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng n\u00e0y, Gilgamesh x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m n\u1eef th\u1ea7n Ishtar, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3 Con b\u00f2 tr\u1eddi xu\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Hai anh h\u00f9ng gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft con b\u00f2, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t Enkidu b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt t\u1ebf th\u1ea7n. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Enkidu \u0111\u1ea9y Gilgamesh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng hi\u1ec7n sinh s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 th\u00f4i th\u00fac \u00f4ng l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p>Gilgamesh \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p Utnapishtim, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t qua tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec3 cho \u00f4ng nghe c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 tr\u1eadn l\u1ee5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch m\u00e0 \u00f4ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, \u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t con r\u1eafn \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp.<\/p><p>Gilgamesh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Uruk v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vinh quang b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u0110o\u1ea1n k\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00d601c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"00d601c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-209af5e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"209af5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a25502 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9a25502\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gilgamesh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t anh h\u00f9ng v\u00f3c d\u00e1ng cao l\u1edbn v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 r\u00e2u v\u00e0 m\u00e1i t\u00f3c xo\u0103n. C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u00e2y ch\u00f9y chi\u1ebfn, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f4i, v\u00e0 c\u00e2y cung. Tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00f9 \u0111i\u00eau Assyria m\u1edbi, \u0111\u00f4i khi \u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t con s\u01b0 t\u1eed k\u1eb9p d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1nh tay, m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t anh h\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa hai con s\u01b0 t\u1eed \u0111ang v\u01b0\u01a1n d\u1eady, m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 th\u1ebf trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho &#8220;Ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 mu\u00f4n th\u00fa&#8221;. T\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt anh h\u00f9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n linh trong \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c ph\u00f9 \u0111i\u00eau t\u1eeb cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Sargon II t\u1ea1i Khorsabad th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u00f4ng trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ee9c lan t\u1ecfa v\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh Enkidu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda v\u1edbi m\u00e1i t\u00f3c d\u00e0i, \u00e1o l\u00f4ng th\u00fa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3. Hai anh h\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng nhau t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00f4-t\u00edp<\/span> c\u1eb7p \u0111\u00f4i L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u1ec1 sau xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 Ba T\u01b0. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3.\" tabindex=\"0\">M\u00f4-t\u00edp<\/span> c\u1eb7p b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu anh h\u00f9ng g\u1eafn b\u00f3 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Friedrich Schiller v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 th\u1eddi c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-099eba1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"099eba1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11c9a82 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"11c9a82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7655e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d7655e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u anh h\u00f9ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, Gilgamesh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng theo nghi th\u1ee9c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng. C\u00e1c v\u0103n kh\u1eafc t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Sumer c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 Babylon c\u1ed5 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L\u1ec5 v\u1eadt d\u00e2ng l\u00ean th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n, c\u1ea7u xin ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh.\" tabindex=\"0\">l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2ng l\u00ean <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 phi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">linh h\u1ed3n<\/span> \u00f4ng trong th\u00e1ng c\u00fang t\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00f3i to\u00e1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba<\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 Eturkalama t\u1ea1i Uruk, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho c\u00f5i thi\u00eang li\u00eang th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng.\" tabindex=\"0\">hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng<\/span> cho \u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. T\u00ean \u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5ng ca t\u1ea1i Nippur v\u00e0 Babylon. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 phi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Linh h\u1ed3n<\/span> \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng trong c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u00f3i to\u00e1n, b\u1edfi \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi hai l\u1ea7n: m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a Enkidu tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n sau c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e0o th\u1eddi Assyria m\u1edbi, danh ti\u1ebfng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng suy gi\u1ea3m, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u1ea7n lu m\u1edd. Ashurbanipal, v\u1ecb vua-th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 cho l\u01b0u gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n sao S\u1eed thi Gilgamesh trong th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t c\u00f2n l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp ho\u00e0ng gia n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i Nineveh. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Hittite c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Hattusa, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hittite, cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e0o th\u1eddi Babylon mu\u1ed9n v\u00e0 th\u1eddi Seleucid, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc d\u1ea7n phai nh\u1ea1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u Gilgamesh v\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u Do Th\u00e1i-Aramaic v\u00e0 Syria, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c anh h\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n khi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0 b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 1 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-722db8b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"722db8b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9000838 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9000838\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u00e1c th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1285d50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1285d50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 S\u1eed thi Gilgamesh trong phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n chu\u1ea9n g\u1ed3m m\u01b0\u1eddi hai phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t. Phi\u1ebfn I \u0111\u1ebfn II m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 Gilgamesh tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i h\u00e1o quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra Enkidu b\u1edfi n\u1eef th\u1ea7n Aruru. Cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a hai anh h\u00f9ng, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u phi th\u01b0\u1eddng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, v\u00ec ch\u00fang bi\u1ebfn xung \u0111\u1ed9t kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n<p>Phi\u1ebfn III \u0111\u1ebfn V m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn khu r\u1eebng tuy\u1ebft t\u00f9ng v\u00e0 tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Humbaba, ng\u01b0\u1eddi canh g\u00e1c c\u1ee7a khu r\u1eebng. T\u1eadp n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00ec n\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i g\u1ed7 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7 tuy\u1ebft t\u00f9ng \u1edf Liban l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0, v\u00e0 s\u1eed thi h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 qua l\u0103ng k\u00ednh th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>Phi\u1ebfn VI \u0111\u1ebfn VIII ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng t\u1eadp v\u1edbi Ishtar, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft Con b\u00f2 tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Enkidu. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o t\u1eadp trung d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c nh\u1ea5t.<\/p><p>S\u1ef1 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Gilgamesh kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y Ishtar l\u00e0m v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a n\u1eef th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2n b\u00fat lu\u1eadn hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n linh<\/span> quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n khi \u0111\u1ec3 Enkidu ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 trao cho c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p>Phi\u1ebfn IX \u0111\u1ebfn XI d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Gilgamesh. \u00d4ng \u0111i xuy\u00ean qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p Utnapishtim v\u00e0 nghe c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 tr\u1eadn l\u1ee5t.<\/p><p>Phi\u1ebfn XI v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 tr\u1eadn l\u1ee5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n song song v\u1edbi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Ng\u0169 Th\u01b0 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19.<\/p>\n<p>Phi\u1ebfn XII, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 sung v\u1ec1 sau, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng than kh\u00f3c c\u1ee7a Gilgamesh v\u00ec Enkidu v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n Enkidu t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i ca Sumer &#8220;Gilgamesh, Enkidu v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi&#8221; v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n chu\u1ea9n, v\u00ec v\u1eady gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u coi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8302448 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8302448\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aae4bfc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"aae4bfc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quan h\u1ec7 trong \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8cbbfd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8cbbfd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, Gilgamesh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i theo ngh\u0129a h\u1eb9p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng sau khi m\u1ea5t \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e1n th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 quan t\u00f2a c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. M\u1eb9 \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Ninsun, n\u1eef th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i gia s\u00fac, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Uruk. Cha \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Lugalbanda, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a tr\u00ean ngai v\u00e0ng Uruk.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh Enkidu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh dung nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u1ea7n linh<\/span> m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o s\u1ed1ng hoang d\u00e3, sau c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Ereshkigal. V\u1edbi Inanna (Ishtar), n\u1eef th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh Uruk, Gilgamesh c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7y xung kh\u1eafc. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi Shamash, th\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 v\u00ec Shamash \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u00f4ng trong c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1edbi Utnapishtim v\u00e0 v\u1ee3 \u00f4ng ta, Gilgamesh g\u1eafn k\u1ebft qua cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 \u1edf t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; v\u1edbi Siduri, b\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 qu\u00e1n b\u00ean v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, qua m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc phong ph\u00fa, trong \u0111\u00f3 Gilgamesh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Gilgamesh v\u1edbi m\u1eb9 \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Ninsun c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng trung t\u00e2m. Ninsun, c\u00f3 t\u00ean ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &#8220;N\u1eef ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con b\u00f2 c\u00e1i hoang d\u00e3&#8221;, l\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh Uruk v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh h\u00f9ng.<\/p><p>B\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Gilgamesh trong Phi\u1ebfn I, trong \u0111\u00f3 Enkidu xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trong c\u00e1c s\u1eed thi anh h\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi Lugalbanda v\u00e0 Etana.<\/p>\n<p>Cha \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Lugalbanda t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt anh h\u00f9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang hai c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Sumer \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. D\u00f2ng d\u00f5i th\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3 Gilgamesh-Lugalbanda-Ninsun k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh Uruk v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i th\u1ea7n-v\u01b0\u01a1ng qua ba th\u1ebf h\u1ec7. D\u00f2ng d\u00f5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi v\u00e0o Danh s\u00e1ch V\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u Sumer v\u00e0 trao cho th\u00e0nh Uruk m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32f1d5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"32f1d5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c880a2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c880a2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1467b6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1467b6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>S\u1eed thi Gilgamesh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c George Smith gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 t\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Anh n\u0103m 1872, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t v\u1ec1 tr\u1eadn l\u1ee5t. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n.<\/p><p>Reiner Maria Rilke g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 &#8220;m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i&#8221;, Carl Gustav Jung di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i n\u00f3 theo ngh\u0129a nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i T\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea7ng s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n<p>Trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00f4-t\u00edp<\/span> Gilgamesh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi Hans Henny Jahnn, Stephan Grundy, Robert Silverberg v\u00e0 Joan London.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Nh\u00e0 so\u1ea1n nh\u1ea1c Bohuslav Martinu \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft &#8220;The Epic of Gilgamesh&#8221;, m\u1ed9t cantata cho c\u00e1c gi\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9c, h\u1ee3p x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 d\u00e0n nh\u1ea1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1i Basel n\u0103m 1958. Trong truy\u1ec7n tranh, phim v\u00e0 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i, anh h\u00f9ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ec3, th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o so v\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, s\u1eed thi \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m trong vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u so s\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 anh h\u00f9ng, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng th\u1ebf trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed hay ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c chung v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, S\u1eed thi Gilgamesh \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Hermann Gunkel trong &#8220;Genesis&#8221; (1901) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1eb1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 m\u00f4-t\u00edp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh.<\/span><\/p><p>Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Claus Westermann ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn trong b\u1ed9 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Genesis l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 trung chuy\u1ec3n, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp qua th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y Babylon hay qua c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng \u1edf C\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tranh lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<p>Trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, Gilgamesh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u00fd m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u00fd ngh\u0129a sau khi m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>&#8220;Das Buch von Gilgamesch&#8221; (1972) c\u1ee7a Stefan Heym, &#8220;Gilgamesh&#8221; (2001) c\u1ee7a Joan London v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft &#8220;Gilgamesh the King&#8221; (1984) c\u1ee7a Robert Silverberg l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ec3 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. Trong \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh, &#8220;Stalker&#8221; (1979) c\u1ee7a Andrei Tarkovsky ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4-t\u00edp Gilgamesh, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3751e1a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3751e1a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ede18c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ede18c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a1cbef3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a1cbef3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Andrew George trong \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n &#8220;The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic&#8221; \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i d\u1ef1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1eed thi trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh C\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. Stefan Maul \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ma thu\u1eadt-nghi l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a s\u1eed thi trong nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n<p>Thorkild Jacobsen nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u Gilgamesh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3n t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111i. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, s\u1eed thi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft anh h\u00f9ng m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n. Jean Bottero nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao ch\u00e9p trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec1 vi\u1ebft ch\u00e9p v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tinh hoa L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>Stephanie Dalley v\u00e0 Wilfred Lambert \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i gi\u00fap t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. Walther Sallaberger \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n Sumer c\u1ed5. Gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ng\u00e0y nay coi S\u1eed thi Gilgamesh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh cao L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n then ch\u1ed1t cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh s\u1edbm ph\u1ea3n t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1eed vong, t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 danh ti\u1ebfng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4d2adc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d4d2adc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d1926c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9d1926c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 Sin-leqi-unninni<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf00aa0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cf00aa0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a S\u1eed thi Gilgamesh l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n chu\u1ea9n, m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m akkad g\u1ed3m m\u01b0\u1eddi hai phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 2 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ean &#8220;Sha naqba imuru&#8221;, &#8220;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3&#8221;.<\/p><p>Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 La M\u00e3, kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 800 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 600 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean.\" tabindex=\"0\">c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> ghi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c bi\u00ean t\u1eadp cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Babylon t\u00ean Sin-leqi-unninni, m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y ch\u00fa thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e9p s\u00e1ch, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi Babylon trung k\u1ef3 (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 12 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean).<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>T\u00ean \u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c s\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e9p s\u00e1ch t\u1eeb Nineveh v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 &#8220;ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t&#8221;. Andrew George trong \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 &#8220;The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic&#8221; (Oxford 2003) \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb Nineveh, Sultantepe, Babylon, Uruk v\u00e0 Mesopotamia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1eddi hai phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t. Phi\u1ebfn I \u0111\u1ebfn II \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra Enkidu v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi Gilgamesh. Phi\u1ebfn III \u0111\u1ebfn V m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn khu r\u1eebng tuy\u1ebft t\u00f9ng v\u00e0 tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Humbaba. Phi\u1ebfn VI k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u1edbi Ishtar v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft Con b\u00f2 tr\u1eddi.<\/p><p>Phi\u1ebfn VII ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Enkidu v\u00e0 n\u1ed7i \u0111au c\u1ee7a Gilgamesh. Phi\u1ebfn VIII \u0111\u1ebfn XI k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Gilgamesh, v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 Utnapishtim, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Noah c\u1ee7a L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0, v\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y. Phi\u1ebfn XII l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 sung t\u1eeb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Sumer, t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch t\u1eeb &#8220;Gilgamesh, Enkidu v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y trong Phi\u1ebfn XI l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Utnapishtim k\u1ec3 cho Gilgamesh nghe c\u00e1ch Enki \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 tr\u1eadn l\u1ee5t l\u1edbn m\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n Enlil \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1ng xu\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Utnapishtim \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t con thuy\u1ec1n l\u1edbn, tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Sau b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y l\u1ee5t l\u1ed9i, con thuy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1 c\u00e1nh xu\u1ed1ng n\u00fai Nisir, v\u00e0 Utnapishtim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ban cho s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t t\u1eed. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c George Smith c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 n\u0103m 1872 t\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Anh v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00ec n\u00f3 g\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bf92d0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6bf92d0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0f5377 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a0f5377\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Babylon c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n Bilgames<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a698770 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a698770\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Babylon c\u1ed5 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Phi\u1ebfn Pennsylvania v\u00e0 Phi\u1ebfn Yale, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao ch\u00e9p b\u1edfi c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ebft ch\u00e9p nh\u01b0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp t\u1eadp ch\u00e9p.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Babylon c\u1ed5 n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o s\u00fac t\u00edch h\u01a1n v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 so v\u1edbi phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft th\u00fac t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n cho m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Gilgamesh-Enkidu. Phi\u1ebfn Pennsylvania b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri trong gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 v\u1ec1 Enkidu qua mi\u1ec7ng m\u1eb9 Gilgamesh l\u00e0 Ninsun, m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat g\u1ecdn trong phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Babylon c\u1ed5 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Sumer, trong \u0111\u00f3 Gilgamesh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ean Bilgames trong n\u0103m c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n Bilgames n\u00e0y l\u00e0: &#8220;Bilgames v\u00e0 Aga&#8221;, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c bao v\u00e2y Uruk b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng ho\u00e0ng gia Aga; &#8220;Bilgames v\u00e0 Huwawa&#8221;, ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp Humbaba; &#8220;Bilgames v\u00e0 Con b\u00f2 tr\u1eddi&#8221;; &#8220;Bilgames, Enkidu v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi&#8221;; v\u00e0 &#8220;C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Bilgames&#8221;.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>N\u0103m v\u0103n b\u1ea3n Sumer n\u00e0y c\u1ed5 h\u01a1n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Akkad v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a Ur (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean). Andrew George \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 k\u00e8m b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Anh trong &#8220;The Epic of Gilgamesh&#8221; (Penguin Classics, 1999).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 &#8220;C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Bilgames&#8221;, m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh h\u00f9ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t \u00f4ng. Gilgamesh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m quan t\u00f2a \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 sau c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa thu\u1eadt.<\/p><p>V\u1ecb th\u1ebf k\u00e9p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 anh h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 quan t\u00f2a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt anh h\u00f9ng L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0. Aage Westenholz v\u00e0 Antoine Cavigneaux \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1nh chung h\u1ecdc L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0 trong nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f6f9cf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7f6f9cf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93f2f72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"93f2f72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">L\u1ecbch s\u1eed nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83b2656 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"83b2656\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 S\u1eed thi Gilgamesh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1853 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Hormuzd Rassam t\u1ea1i th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Ashurbanipal \u1edf Nineveh. C\u00e1c phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Anh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c George Smith gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>B\u00e0i di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft &#8220;The Chaldean Account of the Deluge&#8221; c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc Society of Biblical Archaeology ng\u00e0y 3 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1872 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1edd Daily Telegraph \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc Assyriologia hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Smith sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn Nineveh v\u00e0 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y th\u00eam c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 n\u0103m 1873 \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. \u1ea4n b\u1ea3n &#8220;The Chaldean Account of Genesis&#8221; (1876) c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a s\u1eed thi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>C\u00e1c \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu theo Andrew George 2003, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ed5 sung t\u1eeb Sultantepe (do Jeffrey Tigay c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 n\u0103m 1982), t\u1eeb Ugarit (do Daniel Arnaud c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 n\u0103m 2007) v\u00e0 t\u1eeb Hattusa (Bogazkoy, trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Hittite v\u00e0 Hurrian).<\/span><\/p><p>C\u00e1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n li\u00ean v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng s\u1eed thi trong thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 2 \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 trong v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a C\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng, t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng Levant \u0111\u1ebfn Anatolia.<\/p>\n<p>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Kinh Th\u00e1nh, cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa Gilgamesh v\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfng Hebrew t\u1eeb George Smith l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Frank Moore Cross, John Day v\u00e0 Othmar Keel \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u Gilgamesh trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y, trong s\u00e1ch Gi\u00f3p v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, Rainer Maria Rilke (trong c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c th\u01b0), Jorge Luis Borges (trong c\u00e1c truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn) v\u00e0 Philip Roth (trong &#8220;The Counterlife&#8221;) \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn s\u1eed thi. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Albert Schott v\u00e0 Wolfram von Soden (Reclam 1958) \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64ddfd6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"64ddfd6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d322b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2d322b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2699353 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2699353\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 La M\u00e3, kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 800 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 600 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean.\" tabindex=\"0\">c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>: C\u00e1c b\u00e0i ca Gilgamesh Sumer (&#8220;Gilgamesh v\u00e0 Huwawa&#8221;, &#8220;Gilgamesh v\u00e0 Con b\u00f2 tr\u1eddi&#8221;, &#8220;C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Gilgamesh&#8221;), c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 Babylon c\u1ed5, S\u1eed thi Gilgamesh phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n chu\u1ea9n trong 12 phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Hittite t\u1eeb Hattusa, c\u00e1c phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t Nineveh t\u1eeb th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Ashurbanipal.<\/p>\n<ul><li><span data-nosnippet>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u: Andrew George, &#8220;The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic&#8221;, Oxford 2003.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Thorkild Jacobsen, &#8220;The Treasures of Darkness&#8221;, New Haven 1976.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Jean Bottero, &#8220;Mesopotamia: Writing, Reasoning, and the Gods&#8221;, Chicago 1992.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea trong <a href=\"\/vi\/literatur\/\">danh m\u1ee5c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gilgamesh, vua Uruk v\u00e0 anh h\u00f9ng s\u1eed thi Gilgamesh l\u00e0 vua Uruk v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a s\u1eed thi l\u1edbn c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef h\u00ecnh n\u00eam. Gilgamesh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 anh h\u00f9ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3250,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Gilgamesh","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Gilgamesh - Vua Uruk v\u00e0 Anh h\u00f9ng S\u1eed thi | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Gilgamesh l\u00e0 anh h\u00f9ng L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0 v\u00e0 vua Uruk. 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