{"id":74089,"date":"2026-08-01T23:40:37","date_gmt":"2026-08-01T23:40:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gallu-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-01T23:40:58","modified_gmt":"2026-08-01T23:40:58","slug":"gallu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/gallu\/","title":{"rendered":"Gallu"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"74089\" class=\"elementor elementor-74089 elementor-724\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gallu, Mezopotamya Gelene\u011finin \u015eeytan\u0131<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Yeralt\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n \u015feytanlar\u0131, habercileri ve \u00f6te d\u00fcnyan\u0131n uygulay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u015eeytan \/ \u015eeytane: \u00c7o\u011funlukla zararl\u0131 veya ikircikli etkilere sahip do\u011fa\u00fcst\u00fc varl\u0131k. Tanr\u0131lar ile insanlar aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r; hastal\u0131k, g\u00fcnaha s\u00fcr\u00fckleme veya felakete yol a\u00e7ar ve b\u00fcy\u00fc, apotropaik nesneler ile rit\u00fceller arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla uzak tutulur.\">\u015eeytan<\/span><a href=\"\/tr\/mezopotamya-tanrilari\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Belgelenmi\u015f dinin be\u015fi\u011fi; S\u00fcmer, Akkad, Babil, Asur (yakla\u015f\u0131k M.\u00d6. 3500 - M.\u00d6. 330).\">Mezopotamya<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Bu sayfada ba\\u015fl\\u0131k bulunamad\\u0131.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0130\u00e7indekiler\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_mesopotamien_gallu-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1707\" alt=\"Gallu - D\u00e4monen aus der Mesopotamien-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_mesopotamien_gallu-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_mesopotamien_gallu-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_mesopotamien_gallu-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_mesopotamien_gallu.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gallu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gallu, Mezopotamya gelene\u011finin <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"D\u00fcnyada etki g\u00f6stermesi atfedilen bedensiz varl\u0131k.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u015feytan\u0131<\/span>d\u0131r.<\/p><p>Gall\u00fb, Mezopotamya&#8217;n\u0131n belgelenmi\u015f en eski \u015feytan fig\u00fcrleri aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Yeralt\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131na ve onun h\u00e2kimesi Ere\u015fkigal&#8217;e yak\u0131n olup mitlerde ve rit\u00fcel metinlerde \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn uygulay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131karlar. Onlar\u0131 tan\u0131mlayan ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00f6zellik, eri\u015filemezlikleridir: Metinler, ne yiyecek ne de i\u00e7ecek kabul ettiklerini, ne arma\u011fan ne de tatl\u0131 tan\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 vurgular. Onlarla pazarl\u0131k yap\u0131lamaz.<\/p><p>\u0130nanna&#8217;n\u0131n Yeralt\u0131na \u0130ni\u015fi adl\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc anlat\u0131da Gall\u00fb, tanr\u0131\u00e7an\u0131n yerine bir bedel talep edenler ve Dumuzi&#8217;yi yeralt\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcrenlerdir. Bu sahne, bug\u00fcne dek s\u00fcregelen img\u0435yi bi\u00e7imlendirmi\u015ftir: Gall\u00fb, bir insan\u0131n zaman\u0131 doldu\u011funda gelen haberci varl\u0131klard\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">K\u0131sa Profil: Gallu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gallu (Akadca: gal-lu, &#8220;B\u00fcy\u00fck&#8221;), Mezopotamya <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa aktar\u0131lan tanr\u0131 anlat\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitolojisinde<\/span> yeralt\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131na ait \u015feytani varl\u0131klard\u0131r. S\u00fcmer&#8217;den Babil&#8217;e uzanan \u00e7ivi yaz\u0131s\u0131 metinlerinde belgelenmi\u015f olup \u00e7o\u011funlukla yeralt\u0131 tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 Ere\u015fkigal&#8217;in ya da \u00f6l\u00fcler tanr\u0131s\u0131 Nergal&#8217;in emrinde betimlenirler. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, vebay\u0131 ve ani \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ki\u015file\u015ftirirler.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ba\u011flam<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Metinlerin D\u00f6nemi<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gall\u00fb&#8217;ya ili\u015fkin belgeler, erken S\u00fcmer mitlerinden (M.\u00d6. 3. biny\u0131l) Yeni Babil ve Ahamenid d\u00f6nemine dek uzanmaktad\u0131r. Hi\u00e7bir ba\u015fka \u015feytan t\u00fcr\u00fc, Mezopotamya k\u00fclt\u00fcr tarihi boyunca bu denli s\u00fcrekli bi\u00e7imde belgelenmemi\u015ftir.<\/p><p><strong>Mitolojik S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Gallu<\/em>, yeralt\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n \u015feytanlar\u0131ndan biri olarak <em>Ere\u015fkigal<\/em>&#8216;e, yani yeralt\u0131n\u0131n krali\u00e7esine hizmet eder. <em>Gallu<\/em>, ahlaki anlamda mutlaka k\u00f6t\u00fc de\u011fildir; daha \u00e7ok <em>Ere\u015fkigal<\/em>&#8216;in iradesinin uygulay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131, onun emirlerini yerine getirenler, ruhlar\u0131 yakalayan ve \u00f6l\u00fcleri yeralt\u0131na e\u015flik eden varl\u0131klard\u0131r.<\/p><p>Geli\u015f\u00adleri \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn habercisi oldu\u011fundan korku uyand\u0131r\u0131rlar. <em>Gallu<\/em>, insanlar\u0131 yery\u00fcz\u00fcnden al\u0131p g\u00f6t\u00fcren hastal\u0131k ve ani \u00f6l\u00fcm \u015feytanlar\u0131 olarak da anla\u015f\u0131labilir. \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 temsil ederler.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yay\u0131l\u0131m Alan\u0131<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gallu, ba\u015fta Babil ve Asur kil tablet dizilerinde, \u00f6zellikle yeralt\u0131na ini\u015f anlat\u0131mlar\u0131nda (\u0130nanna-Ere\u015fkigal d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc; k\u0131smen Hitit metinlerinde de paralel metinler) belgelenmi\u015ftir. S\u00fcmer&#8217;den Asur&#8217;a uzanan Mezopotamya co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131nda korku uyand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f; b\u00fcy\u00fc ve apotropaik rit\u00fcellerle onlara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nlem al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kaynak Durumu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gallu&#8217;ya ili\u015fkin kaynak durumu par\u00e7al\u0131 niteliktedir. Birincil metinler, Eski Babil d\u00f6nemine (yakla\u015f\u0131k M.\u00d6. 1800-1600) ait \u00e7ivi yaz\u0131s\u0131 mitoloji par\u00e7alar\u0131 ve listelerle sonraki Asur paralel metinlerinden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Assiriyologlar Bott\u00e9ro, Wiggermann ve Schwemer bu gelenekleri incelemi\u015f ve Mezopotamya demonolojisi ba\u011flam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir. Tabletlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc k\u0131smen tahrip olmu\u015f ve ad varyasyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7erdi\u011finden, bireysel Gallu t\u00fcrlerinin kesin olarak tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Adland\u0131rma ve Yaz\u0131m Bi\u00e7imleri<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sumerce:<\/strong> <em>gal-l\u00e1<\/em>.<br>Akadca: <em>gall\u00fb<\/em>.<br>Grup olarak kullan\u0131m\u0131: s\u0131k\u00e7a &#8220;yedi Gall\u00fb&#8221; bi\u00e7iminde ge\u00e7er; bu, Mezopotamya demonolojisinin tipik tam say\u0131 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sanatta veya anlat\u0131da yinelenen i\u00e7erik unsuru.\" tabindex=\"0\">motifi<\/span>dir.<\/p><p>Etimoloji tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r; &#8220;uygulay\u0131c\u0131&#8221; veya &#8220;\u015fiddet&#8221; kavramlar\u0131yla ili\u015fkilendirildi\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. K\u00f6kenden daha \u00f6nemli olan \u015fey, sabit rold\u00fcr: Gall\u00fb daima bir icra organ\u0131d\u0131r, nadiren ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir fig\u00fcrd\u00fcr. \u00c7o\u011funlukla grup h\u00e2linde belirir, yeralt\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n emriyle hareket eder ve isimsizdir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tan\u0131m<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm<\/strong><\/p><p>Metinler Gall\u00fb&#8217;yu \u00e7o\u011funlukla <em>olmad\u0131klar\u0131<\/em> \u015feyler \u00fczerinden betimler. Yiyecek bilmezler, susuzluk duymaz, arma\u011fan ve tatl\u0131 tan\u0131mazlar. Fig\u00fcratif tasvirlerin iz b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde g\u00f6lge gibi, deh\u015fet verici ve s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lamaz g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrler. Bu y\u00f6nleriyle Mezopotamya&#8217;n\u0131n g\u00f6rsel a\u00e7\u0131dan belirsiz \u015feytanlar\u0131 aras\u0131na girerler.<\/p><p><strong>Davran\u0131\u015f<\/strong><\/p><p>Gall\u00fb, almak i\u00e7in gelir. \u00d6lmekte olanlar\u0131n ruhlar\u0131n\u0131 yeralt\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131r, d\u00fczen bozuldu\u011funda bedel talep eder ve \u00f6l\u00fcler diyar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini uygular. Eylemleri hedefe y\u00f6neliktir ve pazarl\u0131k kald\u0131rmaz; arma\u011fanlar ya da b\u00fcy\u00fcler ancak dar rit\u00fcel s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde etkili olabilir.<\/p><p><strong>Etki Alan\u0131<\/strong><\/p><p>Ya\u015fam ile \u00f6l\u00fcm aras\u0131ndaki ge\u00e7i\u015f, \u00f6l\u00fcm d\u00f6\u015fe\u011fi, \u015fiddetli \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 mek\u00e2nlar, rit\u00fcel e\u015fik durumlar\u0131. Ya\u015fam ya da \u00f6l\u00fcm \u00fczerine bir karar\u0131n verildi\u011fi ya da kozmik d\u00fczenin bir bedel talep etti\u011fi yerlerde etki g\u00f6sterirler.<\/p><p><strong>Mitolojik K\u00f6ken<\/strong><\/p><p>Gall\u00fb, \u00f6zellikle Ere\u015fkigal olmak \u00fczere yeralt\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n hizmetk\u00e2rlar\u0131d\u0131r. &#8220;\u0130nanna&#8217;n\u0131n Yeralt\u0131na \u0130ni\u015fi&#8221;nde tanr\u0131\u00e7ay\u0131 yeralt\u0131na zorlayan ve ard\u0131ndan Dumuzi&#8217;yi bedel olarak talep eden bir grup olarak sahneye \u00e7\u0131karlar. Rolleri bu ba\u011flamda yap\u0131sal bi\u00e7imde belirlenmi\u015ftir: Yeralt\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n, dirilerin alan\u0131nda uzanm\u0131\u015f bir icra arac\u0131d\u0131rlar.<\/p><p><strong>G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm ve Simgesel Anlam<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Gallu<\/em>, do\u011fa\u00fcst\u00fc \u00f6zelliklerle bezenmi\u015f \u00fcrk\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fc, karanl\u0131k fig\u00fcrler olarak tasvir edilir; olas\u0131 hayvan bedenleri (aslan, bo\u011fa), parlayan g\u00f6zler ve pen\u00e7eler g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u0130nsana benzer bi\u00e7imde, ancak \u015feytani \u00f6zelliklerle, boynuzlar, kararm\u0131\u015f y\u00fcz ve deh\u015fet verici bir ifadeyle de betimlenebilirler.<\/p><p><em>Gallu<\/em>, s\u0131k s\u0131k zincir ya da pranga ta\u015f\u0131r; zira ka\u00e7\u0131ranlar ve ba\u011flayanlard\u0131r. Bedenleri koyu, \u00e7o\u011funlukla siyah ya da derin k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renktedir. H\u0131zl\u0131 ve beklenmedik hareket ederler. Varl\u0131klar\u0131 so\u011fuk ve \u00fcrpertici bir his uyand\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00d6zet Bilgi: Gallu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gall\u00fb&#8217;nun en \u00f6nemli y\u00f6nlerine bir bak\u0131\u015fta. Ad, tan\u0131m, savunma ve paralellere ili\u015fkin ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgi 2., 3., 5. ve 6. b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gallu'nun K\u00f6keni<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yeralt\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle Ere\u015fkigal&#8217;in hizmetk\u00e2rlar\u0131. \u00c7o\u011funlukla &#8220;yedi Gall\u00fb&#8221; ad\u0131yla grup h\u00e2linde an\u0131l\u0131rlar. Bireysel fig\u00fcrler de\u011fil, kolektif uygulay\u0131c\u0131lard\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gallu'nun Hedef Kitlesi<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00d6lmekte olanlar, rit\u00fcel e\u015fik durumundaki insanlar, tabu \u00e7i\u011fneyenler, su\u00e7lular ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131 i\u00e7in bedel olarak belirlenen ki\u015filer (\u0130nanna i\u00e7in Dumuzi gibi).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gallu'nun G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Belirsiz, kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak ula\u015f\u0131lmaz: &#8220;yiyecek yemezler, su i\u00e7mezler, tatl\u0131 bilmezler&#8221;. G\u00f6lge gibi, deh\u015fet verici ve tan\u0131mlanamaz.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Etki Alan\u0131<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ani \u00f6l\u00fcm, ruh ka\u00e7\u0131rma, h\u0131zla ilerleyen hastal\u0131k, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belirlenmi\u015f din\u00ee bir eylem dizisine ait.\" tabindex=\"0\">rit\u00fcel<\/span> kaynakl\u0131 m\u00fcdahale. Geli\u015fleri pazarl\u0131k kald\u0131rmaz; yaln\u0131zca ertelenebilir veya y\u00f6nlendirilebilir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Korunma<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gall\u00fb&#8217;yu yeralt\u0131na geri d\u00f6nmeye davet eden b\u00fcy\u00fc form\u00fclleri, ar\u0131nma rit\u00fcelleri ve vek\u00e2let kurban\u0131 (insan yerine g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclen sembolik ikame fig\u00fcr\u00fc).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Benzer Varl\u0131klar<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Erinysler ve Keres (Yunan), Thanatos (Yunan), Tzitzimime (Aztek), Avrupa&#8217;daki \u00f6l\u00fcm habercisi motifleri, daha sonraki halk inan\u00e7lar\u0131ndaki Azrail fig\u00fcr\u00fc.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">G\u00fcnl\u00fck Ya\u015famda Korunma<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Savunma Rit\u00fcelleri<\/strong><\/p><p>Gall\u00fb&#8217;ya kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen rit\u00fceller onlar\u0131 yok etmeyi de\u011fil, ertelemeyi veya y\u00f6nlendirmeyi hedefler. \u0130kame ilkesi iyi bilinmektedir: Bir insan yerine Gall\u00fb&#8217;ya &#8220;teslim edilen&#8221; sembolik bir yedek fig\u00fcr; bir hayvan, hamurdan veya kilden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir bi\u00e7im. Bu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sanatta veya anlat\u0131da yinelenen i\u00e7erik unsuru.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span>, mitolojik a\u00e7\u0131dan en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bi\u00e7imini &#8220;\u0130nanna&#8217;n\u0131n Yeralt\u0131na \u0130ni\u015fi&#8221;nde bulur.<\/p><p><strong>B\u00fcy\u00fc Form\u00fclleri<\/strong><\/p><p>Form\u00fcller Gall\u00fb&#8217;yu \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r, k\u00f6kenlerini adland\u0131r\u0131r ve onlar\u0131 yeralt\u0131na geri g\u00f6nderir. \u00c7o\u011funlukla ayn\u0131 anda y\u00f6nlendirmeyi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan ilahi bir otorite de an\u0131l\u0131r. Yap\u0131 t\u00fcm Mezopotamya b\u00fcy\u00fc metinlerinde benzer kal\u0131r: Tan\u0131mla, me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r, geri g\u00f6nder.<\/p><p><strong>Muska ve Koruyucu Semboller<\/strong><\/p><p>Gall\u00fb&#8217;ya \u00f6zg\u00fc muskalar \u00f6n planda de\u011fildir; ev, mek\u00e2n ya da \u015fehir i\u00e7in ar\u0131nma emirleri ve kolektif koruyucu rit\u00fceller daha belirleyici bir role sahiptir. Koruma, bir nesneye de\u011fil, rit\u00fcel disipline ve tanr\u0131larla do\u011fru ili\u015fkiye dayan\u0131r.<\/p><p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir tanr\u0131ya veya kutsal varl\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelik din\u00ee tap\u0131nma eylemlerinin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc.\" tabindex=\"0\">K\u00fclt<\/span> ve Tap\u0131nma<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Gallu<\/em>, tanr\u0131lar gibi do\u011frudan y\u00fcceltilmezdi; korku uyand\u0131r\u0131r, b\u00fcy\u00fc ve koruyucu t\u0131ls\u0131mlarla uzak tutulurdu. <em>Gallu<\/em>&#8216;ya kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucu muskalar yayg\u0131nd\u0131; \u00f6zellikle hasta ya da \u00f6lmekte olan ki\u015filerin bulundu\u011fu evlerde kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p><p>B\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fc ve rahipler <em>Gallu<\/em>&#8216;yu uzak tutmak i\u00e7in koruyucu rit\u00fceller icra ederdi. Ancak b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fcler zaman zaman d\u00fc\u015fmanlara zarar vermek veya h\u0131zl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar elde etmek amac\u0131yla <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00d6zel eylemler veya form\u00fcller arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla olaylar\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na m\u00fcdahale etmeyi ama\u00e7layan uygulamalar.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u00fcy\u00fc<\/span> kapsam\u0131nda <em>Gallu<\/em>&#8216;yu da \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. <em>Gallu<\/em>&#8216;ya tap\u0131nmayla de\u011fil, korku ve \u00e7ekingelikle yakla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gallu, Di\u011fer K\u00fclt\u00fcrlerdeki Paraleller<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Yunan-Roma d\u00fcnyas\u0131<\/strong><\/p><p>Keres ve Erinyes en belirgin i\u015flevsel paralellerdir. Keres d\u00fc\u015fenlerin ruhlar\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r, Erinyes kan su\u00e7unu \u00f6\u00e7 alarak cezaland\u0131r\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ki\u015file\u015ftirilmesi olarak Thanatos benzer haberci i\u015flevlerini \u00fcstlenir ve motif olarak Roma ile Helenistik tasvirlere aktar\u0131lmaya devam eder.<\/p><p><strong>Orta Amerika:<\/strong> Aztek Tzitzimimeleri, kozmik d\u00f6ng\u00fcn\u00fcn kritik anlar\u0131nda insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 tehdit eden gece iblisleridir. Yakla\u015fan kozmik bir sonu icra edenler olarak \u00fcstlendikleri rol, yap\u0131 ve i\u015flev bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Gall\u00fb <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sanatta veya anlat\u0131da tekrarlanan bir i\u00e7erik unsuru.\" tabindex=\"0\">motifine<\/span> benzemektedir.<\/p><p><strong>Avrupa (sonraki d\u00f6nem halk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc)<\/strong><\/p><p>Avrupa orta\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 ve modern d\u00f6nemine ait t\u0131rpanl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm fig\u00fcr\u00fc, ki\u015fisel olmayan, m\u00fczakere edilemez \u00f6l\u00fcm g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc fig\u00fcr\u00fcn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sanatta veya anlat\u0131da tekrarlanan bir i\u00e7erik unsuru.\" tabindex=\"0\">motifini<\/span> tek bir imgede toplar. Do\u011frudan bir \u00e7izgi kan\u0131tlanamasa da temel \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc kendini g\u00f6sterir: Zaman\u0131 doldu\u011funda gelen bir haberci.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6b4c7f2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp6b4c7f2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf63bbd9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf63bbd9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gallu, \u0130nanna'n\u0131n Yeralt\u0131na \u0130ni\u015fi Anlat\u0131s\u0131nda<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb2f05e6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpb2f05e6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp090b38f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp090b38f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gallu&#8217;nun en \u00f6nemli edebi sahneye \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u0130nanna&#8217;n\u0131n Yeralt\u0131na \u0130ni\u015fi adl\u0131 S\u00fcmer <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tanr\u0131lar, k\u00f6kenler ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00fczeni hakk\u0131nda ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa aktar\u0131lan anlat\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitinde<\/span> ve onun devam\u0131 niteli\u011findeki \u00e7oban tanr\u0131 Dumuzi anlat\u0131s\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Metin kil tabletler \u00fczerinde aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup S\u00fcmer edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n kapsaml\u0131 bi\u00e7imde yeniden olu\u015fturulmu\u015f eserlerinden biridir.<\/p><p>Tanr\u0131\u00e7a \u0130nanna, k\u0131z karde\u015fi Ere\u015fkigal&#8217;in h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yeralt\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131na iner ve orada \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclerek bir dire\u011fe as\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p><p>Tanr\u0131 Enki&#8217;nin m\u00fcdahalesiyle yeniden canlan\u0131r; ancak yeralt\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131 kimseyi bedelsiz serbest b\u0131rakmaz. \u0130nanna, kendi yerine a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya inecek bir vekil g\u00f6stermek zorundad\u0131r. \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yolculu\u011funda ona Gallu, yani yeralt\u0131n\u0131n \u015feytanlar\u0131 e\u015flik eder.<\/p><p>Metin bu Gallu&#8217;yu b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kla betimler. A\u00e7l\u0131k ve susuzluk bilmezler; yiyecek yemez, su i\u00e7mez, kurban kabul etmez ve r\u00fc\u015fvete yana\u015fmazlar. Aile, \u00e7ocuk ve dostluk tan\u0131mazlar.<\/p><p>Kad\u0131n\u0131 erke\u011fin kollar\u0131ndan, \u00e7ocu\u011fu dad\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcnden kopar\u0131r al\u0131rlar. B\u00f6ylece kendisiyle pazarl\u0131k yap\u0131labilecek herhangi bir insani ya da tanr\u0131sal muhatab\u0131n tam kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 olurlar.<\/p><p>\u0130nanna&#8217;n\u0131n yerine, onun i\u00e7in yas tutmam\u0131\u015f olan e\u015fi Dumuzi se\u00e7ilir. Gallu onu kovalar, o ka\u00e7ar ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme u\u011frar; ancak yakalanarak yeralt\u0131na s\u00fcr\u00fcklenir.<\/p><p>K\u0131z karde\u015fi Ge\u015ftinanna&#8217;n\u0131n y\u0131l\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc onun yerine ge\u00e7irmek \u00fczere sundu\u011fu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u015e\u00fckran, dilek veya sayg\u0131y\u0131 dile getirmek amac\u0131yla bir tanr\u0131ya sunulan arma\u011fan.\" tabindex=\"0\">kurban<\/span> sayesinde yazg\u0131s\u0131 hafifler. Bu anlat\u0131da Gallu, yeralt\u0131 d\u00fczeninin r\u00fc\u015fvet tan\u0131maz uygulay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa089d48 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa089d48\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp08389ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp08389ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gallu, B\u00fcy\u00fc Metinlerinde ve Hastal\u0131\u011fa Kar\u015f\u0131 Savunmada<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2638a3d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2638a3d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp62342d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp62342d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Anlat\u0131 edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Gallu, \u00f6zellikle Mezopotamya&#8217;n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fc ve savunma metinlerinde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar. Akadca ve Sumerce olarak pek \u00e7ok tablet \u00fczerinde aktar\u0131lan bu metinler, hastal\u0131\u011fa, talihsizli\u011fe ve \u015feytani sald\u0131r\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 koruma amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p><p>Akadca bi\u00e7imde ad <em>gallu<\/em> olarak ya da ba\u015fka \u015feytan adlar\u0131yla birlikte ge\u00e7er. \u00d6zellikle s\u0131k rastlanan bir grup, Gallu&#8217;nun da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 say\u0131mlarla an\u0131lan yedi k\u00f6t\u00fc ruhtan olu\u015fan topluluktur.<\/p><p>Bu metinler \u015feytanlar\u0131n kap\u0131 ve s\u00fcrg\u00fclerden ge\u00e7ti\u011fini, yollar ve duvarlar boyunca ilerledi\u011fini ve insan\u0131 savunmas\u0131z b\u0131rakarak \u00fczerine \u00e7ulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131r.<\/p><p>Savunma, Mezopotamya&#8217;da <em>a\u015fipu<\/em> ad\u0131yla bilinen b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fc rahiplerce y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bunlar belirlenmi\u015f form\u00fclleri okur, ba\u015fta Ea, onun o\u011flu Marduk ve ate\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131 olmak \u00fczere b\u00fcy\u00fck tanr\u0131lar\u0131 \u015feytanlara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r; ikame fig\u00fcrleri g\u00f6stermek ya da yakmak, t\u00fcts\u00fc yakmak ve su serpmek gibi e\u015flik eden uygulamalar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirirdi.<\/p><p>Bu uygulamada koruyucu fig\u00fcrler ve muskalar \u00f6nemli bir rol \u00fcstlenirdi. Mezopotamya evlerinde e\u015fiklerin alt\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kil koruyucu varl\u0131k fig\u00fcrleri ile yaz\u0131l\u0131 plaketler bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p><p>Bulgular, Gallu&#8217;nun halk i\u00e7in soyut bir mitolojik varl\u0131k olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, aksine ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir rit\u00fcel repertuar\u0131n geli\u015ftirildi\u011fi somut bir tehdit oldu\u011funu ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Metinler b\u00f6ylece demonoloji ile t\u0131p bilgisini, hastal\u0131k ile \u015feytani sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlukla ayn\u0131 anlama geldi\u011fi b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bir yap\u0131da birle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp151a219 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp151a219\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpff1f89a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpff1f89a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">S\u00fcmer S\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden Akad \u015eeytan\u0131na: Etimoloji ve S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp762d4d1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp762d4d1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpddc3fe0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpddc3fe0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gallu ad\u0131, Assiriyoloji&#8217;de tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan \u00e7e\u015fitli dil ve din tarihi sorular\u0131 do\u011furmaktad\u0131r. S\u00f6zc\u00fck Sumerceye aittir ve en eski belgelerde yeralt\u0131 \u015feytan\u0131n\u0131, yani \u00f6l\u00fcler diyar\u0131n\u0131n bir hizmetk\u00e2r\u0131n\u0131 ya da muhbirini kar\u015f\u0131lar. Akadcaya al\u0131nt\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fck olarak ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p><p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Gallu&#8217;yu Mezopotamya&#8217;n\u0131n daha b\u00fcy\u00fck alt varl\u0131klar sistemine yerle\u015ftirir. Bu sistem, k\u0131smen a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ayr\u0131\u015fan, k\u0131smen \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fen alanlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layan <a href=\"\/tr\/utukku\/\">Utukku<\/a>, Rabisu, Lilu ve daha ba\u015fka \u015feytan adlar\u0131n\u0131 kapsar. Gallu, yeralt\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131yla ve insanlar\u0131 zorla ka\u00e7\u0131rmakla ili\u015fkilendirilen varl\u0131klar grubuna aittir.<\/p><p>Ayr\u0131 bir soru s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn olas\u0131 sonraki ya\u015fam\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. Sonraki Aramice ve Yahudi gelenekte <em>gallu<\/em>&#8216;ya ses y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yak\u0131n \u015feytan adlar\u0131 bulunmakta ve burada Mezopotamya miras\u0131ndan gelen bir aktar\u0131m hatt\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><p>Bu soru kesin yan\u0131ta kavu\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; ses benzerli\u011fi tek ba\u015f\u0131na kan\u0131t de\u011fildir ve Eski Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu \u015feytan sistemleri aras\u0131ndaki ge\u00e7i\u015fler karma\u015f\u0131k bir yap\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p><p>Anlamland\u0131rma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli olan, Mezopotamya dininin b\u00fcy\u00fck, adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve tap\u0131naklarda y\u00fcceltilen tanr\u0131lar ile Gallu gibi alt varl\u0131klar aras\u0131nda belirgin bir ayr\u0131m g\u00f6zetmesidir.<\/p><p>Gallu y\u00fcceltilmezdi; kozmik d\u00fczenin i\u015flev varl\u0131klar\u0131yd\u0131lar ve kendilerine <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir tanr\u0131ya veya kutsal varl\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelik din\u00ee tap\u0131nma eylemlerinin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc.\" tabindex=\"0\">k\u00fclt\u00fc<\/span>yla de\u011fil, savunmayla yakla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bu ayr\u0131m, Mezopotamya&#8217;n\u0131n \u015feytani olanla kurdu\u011fu ili\u015fkinin tamam\u0131na damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurur.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ek Ba\u011flant\u0131lar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"\/tr\/edimmu\/\">Edimmu, ilgili Mezopotamya \u00f6l\u00fc ruhu<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/tr\/lamashtu\/\">Lamashtu, ilgili Mezopotamya di\u015fi \u015feytan\u0131<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/tr\/pazuzu\/\">Pazuzu, Lamashtu ve ilgili \u015feytanlara kar\u015f\u0131 apotropaik varl\u0131k<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/tr\/ereshkigal\/\">Ere\u015fkigal, yeralt\u0131n\u0131n h\u00e2kimesi, Gall\u00fb&#8217;nun efendisi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/tr\/nergal\/\">Nergal, yeralt\u0131 tanr\u0131s\u0131, m\u00fcttefik<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/tr\/rabisu\/\">Rabisu, ilgili &#8220;pusucu&#8221; \u015feytan<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/tr\/mezopotamya-tanrilari\/\">Mezopotamya gelene\u011fi, genel ba\u011flam<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kaynaklar ve Literat\u00fcr<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Bott\u00e9ro, Jean: <em>Mesopotamia: Writing, Reasoning, and the Gods<\/em>. University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1992.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Black, Jeremy \/ Green, Anthony: <em>Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia<\/em>. British Museum Press, London 1992.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Wiggermann, Frans A.M.: <em>Mesopotamian Protective Spirits: The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Din\u00ee veya k\u00fclt\u00fcrel anlam ta\u015f\u0131yan, kurallara ba\u011fl\u0131 sembolik eylemler dizisi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ritual<\/span> Texts<\/em>. Styx, Groningen 1992.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Foster, Benjamin R.: <em>Before the Muses: An Anthology of Akkadian Literature<\/em>. CDL Press, Bethesda 2005.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Lambert, W. G.: <em>Babylonian Wisdom Literature<\/em>. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1960.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Hee\u00dfel, Nils P.: <em>Babylonisch-assyrische Diagnostik<\/em>. AOAT 43, M\u00fcnster 2000.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-gallu-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-gallu-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-gallu\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-gallu-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-gallu-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Burada tan\u0131mlanan koruma prati\u011fi, tarihsel geleneklerin din bilimleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. iWell Guard, ta\u015f\u0131nabilir koruyucu nesnelerin bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrel-tarihsel gelene\u011fine ba\u011flanmakta ve bunun \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f bir bi\u00e7imini temsil etmektedir. <a href=\"\/tr\/koruyucu-kolye-hakkinda\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">iWell Guard hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gallu, Mezopotamya Gelene\u011finin \u015eeytan\u0131 Yeralt\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n \u015feytanlar\u0131, habercileri ve \u00f6te d\u00fcnyan\u0131n uygulay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131. \u015eeytanMezopotamya \u0130\u00e7indekiler Gallu Gallu, Mezopotamya gelene\u011finin \u015feytan\u0131d\u0131r. Gall\u00fb, Mezopotamya&#8217;n\u0131n belgelenmi\u015f en eski \u015feytan fig\u00fcrleri aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Yeralt\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131na ve onun h\u00e2kimesi Ere\u015fkigal&#8217;e yak\u0131n olup mitlerde ve rit\u00fcel metinlerde \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn uygulay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131karlar. Onlar\u0131 tan\u0131mlayan ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00f6zellik, eri\u015filemezlikleridir: Metinler, ne yiyecek ne de i\u00e7ecek [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1707,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Gallu","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Gallu - Mezopotamya Gelene\u011finin \u015eeytan\u0131 | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Gall\u00fb, Mezopotamya'n\u0131n belgelenmi\u015f en eski \u015feytan fig\u00fcrleri aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Yeralt\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131na ve onun h\u00e2kimesi Ere\u015fkigal'e yak\u0131n olup mitlerde ve rit\u00fcel metinlerde \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn uygulay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131karlar.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"4","wesen_kultur":"mesopotamien","wesen_klasse":"daemonen","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-74089","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gallu - Mezopotamya Gelene\u011finin \u015eeytan\u0131 | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Gall\u00fb, Mezopotamya&#039;n\u0131n belgelenmi\u015f en eski \u015feytan fig\u00fcrleri aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. 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