{"id":73918,"date":"2026-08-01T23:23:14","date_gmt":"2026-08-01T23:23:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/bokor-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-01T23:23:35","modified_gmt":"2026-08-01T23:23:35","slug":"bokor","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/bokor\/","title":{"rendered":"Bokor"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"73918\" class=\"elementor elementor-73918 elementor-2173\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bokor, haitianische gelene\u011finin ruhu<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bokor, haitianische gelene\u011fin <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"D\u00fcnyada etki g\u00f6stermesi atfedilen bedensiz varl\u0131k.\" tabindex=\"0\">ruhudur<\/span>.<\/p><p><strong>Karanl\u0131k <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00d6zel eylemler veya form\u00fcller arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla olaylar\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na m\u00fcdahale etmeyi ama\u00e7layan uygulamalar.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fcn<\/span> ustas\u0131, zombiler ve lanetlerin efendisi.<\/strong> Bokor, <em>Houngan&#8217;\u0131n<\/em> (iyi Vodou rahibinin) kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r. Houngan Loa&#8217;ya hizmet edip toplulu\u011fu iyile\u015ftirirken, Bokor kendine ve karanl\u0131k g\u00fc\u00e7lere hizmet eder.<\/p><p>Onun bilgisi ger\u00e7ek ve korkuland\u0131r: zehirler, k\u00f6ks\u00fczle\u015ftirme rit\u00fcelleri, zombifikasyon, zarar b\u00fcy\u00fcleri. Bokor do\u011fa\u00fcst\u00fc bir varl\u0131k de\u011fildir; yetene\u011fini <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00d6zel eylemler veya form\u00fcller arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla olaylar\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na m\u00fcdahale etmeyi ama\u00e7layan uygulamalar.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u00fcy\u00fc<\/span> ve manip\u00fclasyon yolunda k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck i\u00e7in kullanan bir insand\u0131r.<\/p><p>Bokor, zarar b\u00fcy\u00fcs\u00fcyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Haiti&#8217;nin karanl\u0131k Vodou b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Ruh: Bedensiz veya yar\u0131 bedensiz varl\u0131k; \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015fler, do\u011fa varl\u0131klar\u0131, ev ruhlar\u0131 veya e\u015fik bek\u00e7ileri. G\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famda etki g\u00f6sterir, \u00e7o\u011funlukla yerlere ya da ailelere ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.\">Ruh<\/span><a href=\"\/tr\/vodou-loa\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bat\u0131 Afrika k\u00f6kenli Lwa varl\u0131klar\u0131yla Haitianische-Bat\u0131 Afrika Vodou gelene\u011fi; tarihsel olarak Bat\u0131 Afrika'dan Karayipler'e ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\">Vodou<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Bu sayfada ba\\u015fl\\u0131k bulunamad\\u0131.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0130\u00e7indekiler\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/praktiken_bokor-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1759\" alt=\"Bokor - Illustration einer Bokor-Praktik im historisch-museal-dokumentarischen Stil\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/praktiken_bokor-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/praktiken_bokor-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/praktiken_bokor-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/praktiken_bokor.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bokor<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bir Bak\u0131\u015fta: Bokor<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>T\u00fcr:<\/strong> Vodou prati\u011fi: kara b\u00fcy\u00fcl\u00fc Vodou rahibi (Houngan&#8217;\u0131n muadili)<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir dinin veya k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn tanr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc.\" tabindex=\"0\">Panteon<\/span>: Vodou (Haiti), pratisyen, varl\u0131k de\u011fil<br>\u0130\u015flev: Kara b\u00fcy\u00fc prati\u011fi, zombi \u00fcretimi, k\u00f6le-efendi ba\u011flar\u0131<br>Ba\u015fl\u0131ca nitelikler: siyah-k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 giysi, ouanga keseleri, toprak bebekler, karanl\u0131k rit\u00fceller<br>Ba\u015fl\u0131ca k\u00fclt merkezleri: resmi mek\u00e2n yok, gizli Hounfor benzeri yerler<br>Ayr\u0131m: Houngan (ayd\u0131nl\u0131k pratik) ile Bokor (karanl\u0131k pratik)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ba\u011flam<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Metinlerin D\u00f6nemi<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bokor gelene\u011fi, s\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6nemi Saint-Domingue&#8217;inde ortodoks Vodou rahipli\u011fiyle paralel bi\u00e7imde geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Kategorik olarak karanl\u0131k, kara b\u00fcy\u00fcl\u00fc bir Vodou prati\u011fidir; Bokor &#8220;her iki eliyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r&#8221;. Etnografik alg\u0131n\u0131n ana \u00e7i\u00e7eklenme d\u00f6nemi 19.-20. y\u00fczy\u0131ld\u0131r; Wade Davis&#8217;in <em>The Serpent and the Rainbow<\/em> (1985) adl\u0131 eseri Bokor&#8217;u Bat\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n g\u00fcndemine ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn k\u0131rsal Haiti b\u00f6lgelerinde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yay\u0131l\u0131m Alan\u0131<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gelenek ba\u015fta k\u0131rsal Haiti b\u00f6lgelerinde yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Port-au-Prince&#8217;te 20. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren giderek daha az g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr hale gelmi\u015ftir. Haitianische diasporas\u0131nda (New Orleans, Miami, Brezilya-Quimbanda) nadir ve gizlidir. Hi\u00e7bir Bokor kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k bir <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir veya birden fazla tanr\u0131ya tap\u0131nmaya hizmet eden yap\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">tap\u0131nak<\/span> i\u015fletmez; pratik gizlidir ve \u00f6zel mek\u00e2nlarda ya da gizli tesislerde icra edilir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kaynak Durumu<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Temel kaynaklar: Maya Deren&#8217;in <em>Divine Horsemen<\/em> (1953, k\u0131sa at\u0131f), Wade Davis&#8217;in <em>The Serpent and the Rainbow<\/em> (1985, tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 Bokor etnografisi), Davis&#8217;in akademik devam \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 <em>Passage of Darkness<\/em> (1988). Din tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan: Hurbon, <em>Voodoo: Search for the Spirit<\/em>; M\u00e9traux, <em>Le Vaudou ha\u00eftien<\/em>. Ele\u015ftirel de\u011ferlendirme: McAlister, <em>Rara!<\/em>; Ramsey, <em>The Spirits and the Law<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ad ve Varyantlar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Literat\u00fcrde Bok\u00f2, Bocor veya Bokonon gibi yaz\u0131m bi\u00e7imleri de yer almaktad\u0131r; son bi\u00e7im ayn\u0131 zamanda Benin&#8217;deki Fa falc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 da ifade eder. Wade Davis, Bokor&#8217;u zombifikasyon \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda d\u00fczenli tap\u0131nak hiyerar\u015fisinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hareket eden ve ba\u015fta Bizango gibi gizli topluluklar olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli olu\u015fumlarla ili\u015fkilendirilen bir uzman olarak tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r. Mu\u011flak rit\u00fcel uzmanlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin benzer rol adland\u0131rmalar\u0131 pek \u00e7ok Afro-Karayip gelene\u011finde g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte olup \u0130ngilizce konu\u015fulan Karayipler&#8217;deki Obeah adam\u0131 bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda gelmektedir.<\/p><p>Bokor s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (Kreolce b\u00f2k\u00f2), haitianische Vodou&#8217;da yayg\u0131n deyi\u015fe g\u00f6re &#8220;her iki eliyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan&#8221;, yani hem iyile\u015ftirici hem de zararl\u0131 hizmetler sunan bir b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fcy\u00fc tan\u0131mlar. Kavram\u0131n k\u00f6keni \u00e7o\u011funlukla Bat\u0131 Afrika&#8217;ya, \u00f6zellikle de Dahomey&#8217;deki Fon dilindeki falc\u0131 ve rit\u00fcel bilgesi adland\u0131rmalar\u0131na dayand\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kullan\u0131mda Houngan&#8217;dan, yani ola\u011fan Vodou rahibinden ayr\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r; ne var ki pratikte s\u0131n\u0131rlar ak\u0131\u015fkan olabilmektedir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tan\u0131mlama<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bokor (Haitianische Kreolce <em>bok\u00f2<\/em>), haitianische Vodou&#8217;da &#8220;Sol El&#8221; prati\u011finin uygulay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, yani kara b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr; Rada gelene\u011finin me\u015fru Houngan\/Manbo&#8217;sundan (Beyaz <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00d6zel eylemler veya form\u00fcller arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla olaylar\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na m\u00fcdahale etmeyi ama\u00e7layan uygulamalar.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u00fcy\u00fc<\/span>) ayr\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bokorlar, sald\u0131rgan Loa&#8217;n\u0131n <em>Petro<\/em> koltuyla ve \u00f6l\u00fc ruhlar\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p><p>Pratikleri b\u00fcy\u00fc (<em>maji<\/em>), zarar b\u00fcy\u00fcs\u00fc (<em>wanga<\/em>), zombi \u00fcretimi ve <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"D\u00fcnyada etki g\u00f6stermesi atfedilen bedensiz varl\u0131k.\" tabindex=\"0\">ruh<\/span> ba\u011flamay\u0131 kapsar. Ortodoks Vodou toplulu\u011funun s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6sterirler ve Houngan ile Manbo taraf\u0131ndan hor g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr, ancak korkulurlar (bkz. M\u00e9traux, <em>Voodoo in Haiti<\/em>; Hurbon, <em>Voodoo: Search for the Spirit<\/em>; Davis, <em>The Serpent and the Rainbow<\/em>).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00d6zet Bilgi: Bokor<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bokor prati\u011finin en \u00f6nemli y\u00f6nleri bir bak\u0131\u015fta. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki alanlar gelenek, i\u015flev, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm, pratik, semboller ve paralelleri \u00f6zetlemektedir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bokor'un K\u00f6keni<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bokor, Vodou gelene\u011finde <em>Houngan<\/em>&#8216;\u0131n (ortodoks Vodou rahibinin) karanl\u0131k yans\u0131mas\u0131 olarak durur. Houngan her iki eliyle yard\u0131m ederken, Bokor &#8220;her iki eliyle&#8221; \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r; di\u011fer el ise <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00d6zel eylemler veya form\u00fcller arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla olaylar\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na m\u00fcdahale etmeyi ama\u00e7layan uygulamalar.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u00fcy\u00fc<\/span> arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla zarar verebilir.<\/p><p>E\u011fitim geleneksel olarak daha ya\u015fl\u0131 bir Bokor&#8217;un yan\u0131nda <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Din\u00ee veya ezoterik bir tarikata rit\u00fcel kabul; \u00e7o\u011funlukla simgesel \u00f6l\u00fcm ve yeniden do\u011fu\u015fla ili\u015fkilendirilir.\">erginlenme<\/span> yoluyla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir; bilgi s\u0131k\u0131 bir gizlilik i\u00e7inde aktar\u0131l\u0131r. Bokorlar, ortodoks Vodou hiyerar\u015fisinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bokor'un Hedef Kitlesi<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0130\u015flevler: bir m\u00fc\u015fterinin talebi \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015fmanlara kara b\u00fcy\u00fcyle zarar verme, yak\u0131n zamanda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015f birinden <em>zombi<\/em> \u00fcretme, bir ki\u015fiyi kendi iradesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda a\u015fk veya sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ba\u011flama, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 durumlarda iyile\u015ftirme (Hounganlar\u0131n \u00e7are bulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda). Bokor&#8217;dan &#8220;hizmet sat\u0131n alanlar&#8221; i\u00e7in koruma da sa\u011flan\u0131r. Ortodoks Vodou toplulu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan etik a\u00e7\u0131dan k\u0131nan\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bokorlar birer insan prati\u011fcisidir; belirlenmi\u015f bir ikonografik bi\u00e7imleri yoktur. Geleneksel olarak siyah ya da siyah-k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 giyinirler; zaman zaman Kreolce simgeler (kemikler, kafataslar\u0131, mezarl\u0131k topra\u011f\u0131 keseleri) ta\u015f\u0131rlar. Ara\u00e7lar: <em>ouanga<\/em> (otlar, topraklar ve beden par\u00e7alar\u0131 i\u00e7eren b\u00fcy\u00fcl\u00fc keseler), toprak bebekler, mezarl\u0131k topra\u011f\u0131, kafataslar\u0131, t\u00fct\u00fcn yapraklar\u0131, siyah ve k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkli mumlar. Rit\u00fceller geleneksel olarak geceleri, \u00e7o\u011funlukla yol kav\u015faklar\u0131nda veya mezarl\u0131klarda icra edilir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Etki Alan\u0131<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Etki alan\u0131:<\/strong> Bokor prati\u011fi k\u0131rsal Haiti topluluklar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan korku ile kar\u015f\u0131lanmaktad\u0131r. Kendini zarara u\u011fram\u0131\u015f hisseden, hastal\u0131k, aile anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131, i\u015f talihsizli\u011fi veya istenmeyen bir ni\u015fan gibi durumlar ya\u015fayan ki\u015filer zaman zaman bir Bokor&#8217;un onlara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u015f\u00fcphelenir.<\/p><p>Koruma, kendi Houngan&#8217;\u0131na ba\u015fvurma ve kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fc yoluyla sa\u011flan\u0131r. Bokor rit\u00fcelleri gizli olarak icra edilir; m\u00fc\u015fterileri \u00e7o\u011funlukla y\u00fcksek \u00fccretler \u00f6der. Modern Haiti&#8217;de \u00f6nyarg\u0131, ger\u00e7ek pratik ve kentsel <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tanr\u0131lar, k\u00f6kenler ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00fczeni hakk\u0131nda ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa aktar\u0131lan anlat\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> \u00fcretimi aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131m\u0131 yapmak g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Savunma Bi\u00e7imleri<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ouanga (b\u00fcy\u00fcl\u00fc keseler), toprak bebekler, mezarl\u0131k topra\u011f\u0131, siyah ve k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 mumlar, kafataslar\u0131 ve kemikler, aynalar, otlar (Datura, tatula, g\u00fczel avrat otu), tozlar (Davis: zombi \u00fcretiminde tetrodotoksin i\u00e7eri\u011fine ili\u015fkin tez). Kutsal hayvanlar: siyah horoz, siyah k\u00f6pek. Kutsal bitkiler: Datura, g\u00fczel avrat otu, tatula.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Benzer Fig\u00fcrler<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Houngan<\/em> (Vodou, ortodoks kar\u015f\u0131t kutup), <em>Mambo<\/em> (kad\u0131n ortodoks Vodou rahibesi). K\u00fcresel kara b\u00fcy\u00fc prati\u011fine ili\u015fkin paraleller: <em>Hexer<\/em> (Germen halk gelene\u011fi), <em>Brujo<\/em> (Latin Amerika), <em>Kahuna ana&#8217;ana<\/em> (Hawai, \u00f6ld\u00fcrme Kahunalar\u0131), <em>Aghori gelene\u011finin Tantrika&#8217;s\u0131<\/em> (Hinduizm, do\u011frudan kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamaz ancak yap\u0131sal a\u00e7\u0131dan ikircikli), <em>kara <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00d6zel eylemler veya form\u00fcller arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla olaylar\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na m\u00fcdahale etmeyi ama\u00e7layan uygulamalar.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fcn<\/span> asipu&#8217;su<\/em> (Mezopotamya).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pratik Savunma<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Bokor B\u00fcy\u00fcs\u00fcne Kar\u015f\u0131 Apotropaik Rit\u00fceller<\/h3><p>Bokor&#8217;un zarar b\u00fcy\u00fcs\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 korunma, temizleyici Rada-Loa \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131yla sa\u011flan\u0131r; ba\u015fta Damballah ve Erzulie Freda \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131r. Hounganlar, bitki i\u00e7ecekleri ve dualarla temizlik rit\u00fcelleri (<em>laver t\u00e8t<\/em>, &#8220;ba\u015f y\u0131kama&#8221;) uygular. Beyaz \u00e7i\u00e7ek yapraklar\u0131yla (yasemin, portakal \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi) ve kolonya ile yap\u0131lan koruyucu banyolar standart bir pratiktir. Gerekti\u011finde deneyimli bir Houngan, Bokor kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcs\u00fc i\u00e7in dan\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r (bkz. Deren, <em>Divine Horsemen<\/em>).<\/p><h3>\u00c7a\u011fr\u0131lar ve <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Magische oder kirchliche Ausschlie\u00dfung; auch das Binden einer Macht durch Formel.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ba\u011flama<\/span> Form\u00fclleri<\/h3><p>Bokor kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar, Rada gelene\u011finin ayd\u0131nl\u0131k Loa&#8217;lar\u0131n\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7irir: iyile\u015fme seslenmesi olarak &#8220;Ayibobo&#8221;, y\u0131lan tanr\u0131s\u0131 korumas\u0131 i\u00e7in &#8220;Damballah W\u00e8do&#8221;. Temizlik banyolar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Kreolce ar\u0131nd\u0131rma t\u00fcrk\u00fcleri (<em>chants d\u00e9sorcelants<\/em>) okunur.<\/p><h3>Muskalar ve Koruyucu Semboller<\/h3><p>\u015eifal\u0131 otlar, de\u011ferli ta\u015flar ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 dualar i\u00e7eren k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bez boh\u00e7alar olan koruyucu muskalar (<em>pak\u00e8t kongo<\/em>), Bokor b\u00fcy\u00fcs\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. Ev <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Erh\u00f6hter Ort oder Tisch f\u00fcr Opfer und religi\u00f6se Handlungen.\" tabindex=\"0\">suna\u011f\u0131nda<\/span> koruyucu Loa&#8217;lar\u0131n (Damballah, Erzulie Freda, Loko) v\u00e8v\u00e8 diyagramlar\u0131 yer al\u0131r. Rada-Loa onuruna beyaz mumlar yak\u0131l\u0131r. Bokor tehdidiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalan hanelerde haftal\u0131k rutin olarak tuz ve dokuz damla lavanta ya\u011f\u0131yla anti-wanga y\u0131kama banyolar\u0131 uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bokor: Di\u011fer K\u00fclt\u00fcrlerdeki Paraleller<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Bat\u0131 Afrika ve Kongo K\u00f6kleri<\/h3><p>Bokor, ba\u015fta Yoruba <em>babalawo<\/em> ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve Kongo <em>nganga ya kindoki<\/em> (b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fc doktor) olmak \u00fczere Bat\u0131 Afrika&#8217;n\u0131n &#8220;Sol El&#8221; b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fcleri gelene\u011finde yer al\u0131r. Mali&#8217;nin Bambara gelene\u011finde zarar b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc olarak <em>soma<\/em> fig\u00fcr\u00fc bilinmektedir. Haitianische Bokor gelene\u011fi, ba\u015fta Bat\u0131 Afrika zarar b\u00fcy\u00fcs\u00fc kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 Kongo \u00f6l\u00fc <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00d6zel eylemler veya form\u00fcller arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla olaylar\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na m\u00fcdahale etmeyi ama\u00e7layan uygulamalar.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u00fcy\u00fcs\u00fcyle<\/span> birle\u015ftirir (bkz. MacGaffey, <em>Religion and Society in Central Africa<\/em>).<\/p><h3>Karayip Muadilleri<\/h3><p>Benzer kara b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fc fig\u00fcrleri Jamaika&#8217;n\u0131n Obeah adam\u0131nda, K\u00fcba&#8217;n\u0131n <em>palero<\/em>&#8216;sunda (Palo Mayombe uygulay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131), Trinidad&#8217;\u0131n ruh\u00e7usunda ve ABD&#8217;nin g\u00fcney eyaletlerindeki Hoodoo&#8217;da g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. K\u00f6le diasporas\u0131, kara b\u00fcy\u00fc bile\u015fenleri yap\u0131sal a\u00e7\u0131dan her yerde benzer bi\u00e7imde \u015fekillenmi\u015f Kreolce-Bat\u0131 Afrika <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00d6zel eylemler veya form\u00fcller arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla olaylar\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na m\u00fcdahale etmeyi ama\u00e7layan uygulamalar.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u00fcy\u00fc<\/span> gelene\u011fi olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/p><h3>Modern Al\u0131mlama<\/h3><p>Bokor, Kuzey Amerika Hollywood gelene\u011finde (William Seabrook, Victor Halperin, Wes Craven) korku filmlerinin kal\u0131pla\u015fm\u0131\u015f &#8220;Voodoo rahibi&#8221;ne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f; bu durum, Haitianische prati\u011fin incelikli yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00e7arp\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Wes Craven&#8217;\u0131n <em>The Serpent and the Rainbow<\/em> (1988, Davis&#8217;in kitab\u0131ndan uyarlama) filmi Bokor zombi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc konu almaktad\u0131r. Din bilimi ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 (Hurbon, McAlister) bu kli\u015feleri s\u00fcrekli olarak d\u00fczeltmektedir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbc822a0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpbc822a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp084b49d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp084b49d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Haitianische Vodou'daki Konumu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2898e8f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2898e8f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa5ed1b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpa5ed1b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bokor, haitianische Vodou i\u00e7inde bir rol adland\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r ve rit\u00fcel g\u00fcc\u00fcn her iki y\u00f6n\u00fcyle, yani hem iyile\u015ftirici hem de zararl\u0131 olan\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir uzman\u0131 tan\u0131mlar.<\/p><p>Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan Houngan ve Mambo&#8217;dan, yani faaliyetleri b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde iyile\u015ftirme, koruma ve ruhlar olan Lwa&#8217;ya hizmetle ili\u015fkilendirilen rahip ve rahibelerden ayr\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Yayg\u0131n deyi\u015fe g\u00f6re Bokor her iki eliyle hizmet eder.<\/p><p>Bu ikilik salt k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck olarak anla\u015f\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Etnoloji literat\u00fcr\u00fcnde, Houngan ile Bokor aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n pratikte ak\u0131\u015fkan olabilece\u011fi ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ilgili sosyal ba\u011flama ile ki\u015finin itibar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu vurgulanmaktad\u0131r. Kimi rahipler, duruma ve konu\u015fana g\u00f6re bazen birinin, bazen de di\u011ferinin ad\u0131yla an\u0131labilmektedir.<\/p><p>Bokor, y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler, aile kollar\u0131 ve din\u00ee topluluklar a\u011f\u0131na dahildir. Sahip oldu\u011fu g\u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6\u011frenilmi\u015f ve aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olarak kabul g\u00f6r\u00fcr; rastgele eri\u015filebilir bir \u015fey de\u011fildir.<\/p><p>Bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma, fig\u00fcr\u00fc bu nedenle k\u00f6lelik ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda Karayipler&#8217;de Bat\u0131 Afrika, Orta Afrika ve Katolik unsurlardan olu\u015fan Vodou&#8217;nun daha geni\u015f \u00e7er\u00e7evesine yerle\u015ftirmektedir. Daha kapsaml\u0131 bilgi <a href=\"\/tr\/vodou-loa\/\">Vodou<\/a> maddesinde bulunabilir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7f4e55d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp7f4e55d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb35d48c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpb35d48c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bokor ve Zombi Gelene\u011fi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4ffbf07 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp4ffbf07\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa3a7b63 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpa3a7b63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bokor, <a href=\"\/tr\/zombi\/\">Zombi<\/a> tasar\u0131m\u0131yla olan ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 sayesinde \u00f6zellikle tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Haitianische <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bilginin ve anlat\u0131lar\u0131n nesiller boyunca aktar\u0131lmas\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">gelene\u011finde<\/span> Bokor, bir insan\u0131n ruhunu ya da ruh pay\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekip alabilen ve onu b\u00f6ylece irade yoksunu bir duruma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrebilen fig\u00fcr olarak kabul edilir. Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan zombinin ard\u0131ndan Bokor&#8217;a i\u015f ya da ba\u015fka ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in hizmet etmesi beklenir.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Etnobotanik\u00e7i Wade Davis, 1980&#8217;lerde <em>The Serpent and the Rainbow<\/em> (1985) ve <em>Passage of Darkness<\/em> (1988) adl\u0131 eserlerinde zombifikasyon s\u00fcrecinde farmakolojik a\u00e7\u0131dan etkin maddelerin, bunlar aras\u0131nda balon bal\u0131klar\u0131ndan elde edilen bir sinir zehrinin rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tezini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/span><\/p><p>Bu tez toksikoloji ve <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"K\u00fclt\u00fcrleri ve toplumlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ara\u015ft\u0131ran bilim dal\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">etnoloji<\/span> alanlar\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f ve pek \u00e7ok noktada ele\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Zombi tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n Haiti&#8217;de Bokor&#8217;un toplumsal rol\u00fcyle s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu ise tart\u0131\u015fma g\u00f6t\u00fcrmez bir ger\u00e7ektir.<\/p><p>De\u011ferlendirme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir husus \u015fudur: Haitianische alg\u0131s\u0131nda as\u0131l \u00fcrk\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fc olan zombi de\u011fil, zombiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclme durumunun kendisidir.<\/p><p>Bokor bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle ger\u00e7ek hissettiren toplumsal bir tehdidi somutla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r; \u00f6rne\u011fin bir yapt\u0131r\u0131m mercii ya da \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n yans\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir fig\u00fcr olarak i\u015flev g\u00f6r\u00fcr. iWell Guard bu tasar\u0131mlar\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bilginin ve anlat\u0131lar\u0131n nesiller boyunca aktar\u0131lmas\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">gelenek<\/span> olarak tan\u0131mlamakta ve do\u011fa bilimleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f olgular olarak sunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf758ebb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpf758ebb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpcf38748 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpcf38748\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">D\u0131\u015f Alg\u0131 ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Tarihi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7ebe45a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp7ebe45a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpee56a8c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpee56a8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Bokor fig\u00fcr\u00fc, Bat\u0131 kamuoyunda uzun s\u00fcre \u00e7arp\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f tasvirler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bi\u00e7imlendirildi. Seyahat anlat\u0131lar\u0131, sansasyon yaz\u0131n\u0131 ve erken d\u00f6nem film yap\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6rne\u011fin <em>White Zombie<\/em> (1932), Haiti&#8217;ye ili\u015fkin s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci ve \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 kal\u0131plarla i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f karanl\u0131k Kara <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00d6zel eylemler veya form\u00fcller arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla olaylar\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na m\u00fcdahale etmeyi ama\u00e7layan uygulamalar.\" tabindex=\"0\">B\u00fcy\u00fc<\/span> imgesi olu\u015fturdu.<\/span><\/p><p>Bu d\u0131\u015f alg\u0131, din\u00ee prati\u011fin kendisinden \u00e7ok g\u00f6zlemcilerin yans\u0131tmalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi vermektedir.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>20. y\u00fczy\u0131l etnoloji ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 daha n\u00fcansl\u0131 tan\u0131mlamalar geli\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Zora Neale Hurston, Alfred M\u00e9traux&#8217;nun <em>Le Vaudou ha\u00eftien<\/em> (1958) adl\u0131 eseri ve Maya Deren gibi yazar ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, Vodou&#8217;yu Bokor&#8217;un da pek \u00e7ok uzman rol\u00fcnden biri oldu\u011fu karma\u015f\u0131k bir din\u00ee sistem olarak sunmaya katk\u0131da bulundu.<\/span><\/p><p>Sonraki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yerel ba\u011flamlar\u0131n \u00f6nemine ve prati\u011fin \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fine ayr\u0131ca dikkat \u00e7ekti.<\/p><p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dinleri kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 ve inan\u00e7 ba\u011f\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131ran bilim dal\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">din bilimlerinde<\/span> Bokor, pek \u00e7ok dinde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan rit\u00fcel g\u00fcc\u00fcn ikircikli\u011fine \u00f6rnek olarak de\u011ferlendirilmektedir: iyile\u015ftirme ve zarar verme \u00e7o\u011funlukla ayn\u0131 yetene\u011fin iki y\u00fcz\u00fc say\u0131l\u0131r. Benzer uzmanlar ve ruhani varl\u0131klarla ilgilenenler <a href=\"\/tr\/lwa\/\">Lwa<\/a> ve <a href=\"\/tr\/zombi\/\">Zombi<\/a> maddelerinde ilgili bilgilere ula\u015fabilir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ek Ba\u011flant\u0131lar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"\/tr\/zombi\/\">Zombi, Bokor&#8217;un ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/tr\/baron-samedi\/\">Baron Samedi, \u00f6l\u00fc Loa&#8217;s\u0131; onun izni olmadan zombi yarat\u0131lamaz<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/tr\/voodoo-buyusu\/\">Voodoozauber, kapsaml\u0131 genel kavram<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/tr\/vodou-loa\/\">Vodou, panteon genel bak\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literat\u00fcr (Se\u00e7me)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Davis, Wade: <em>Passage of Darkness. The Ethnobiology of the Haitian Zombie<\/em>. Chapel Hill 1988.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Davis, Wade: <em>The Serpent and the Rainbow<\/em>. New York 1985.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>McAlister, Elizabeth: <em>Rara! Vodou, Power, and Performance in Haiti<\/em>. Berkeley 2002.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Ramsey, Kate: <em>The Spirits and the Law. Vodou and Power in Haiti<\/em>. Chicago 2011.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Kaynak\u00e7ada yer alan di\u011fer ba\u015fvuru eserleri <a href=\"\/tr\/din-edebiyati\/\">Literaturverzeichnis<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bokor, haitianische gelene\u011finin ruhu Bokor, haitianische gelene\u011fin ruhudur. Karanl\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fcn ustas\u0131, zombiler ve lanetlerin efendisi. Bokor, Houngan&#8217;\u0131n (iyi Vodou rahibinin) kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r. Houngan Loa&#8217;ya hizmet edip toplulu\u011fu iyile\u015ftirirken, Bokor kendine ve karanl\u0131k g\u00fc\u00e7lere hizmet eder. Onun bilgisi ger\u00e7ek ve korkuland\u0131r: zehirler, k\u00f6ks\u00fczle\u015ftirme rit\u00fcelleri, zombifikasyon, zarar b\u00fcy\u00fcleri. Bokor do\u011fa\u00fcst\u00fc bir varl\u0131k de\u011fildir; yetene\u011fini b\u00fcy\u00fc ve manip\u00fclasyon yolunda [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1759,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Bokor Vodou","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Bokor - Haiti'nin Karanl\u0131k Vodou B\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc ve Kara B\u00fcy\u00fcs\u00fc","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Kara b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fc, zombi ve lanet \u00fcreticisi - haitianische Vodou gelene\u011finde iyi Houngan'\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"4","wesen_kultur":"vodou","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-73918","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Bokor - Haiti&#039;nin Karanl\u0131k Vodou B\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc ve Kara B\u00fcy\u00fcs\u00fc<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kara b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fc, zombi ve lanet \u00fcreticisi - haitianische Vodou gelene\u011finde iyi Houngan&#039;\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/bokor\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bokor\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kara b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fc, zombi ve lanet \u00fcreticisi - haitianische Vodou gelene\u011finde iyi Houngan&#039;\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/bokor\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-01T23:23:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/praktiken_bokor.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"12 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/tr\\\/bokor\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/tr\\\/bokor\\\/\",\"name\":\"Bokor - Haiti'nin Karanl\u0131k Vodou B\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc ve Kara B\u00fcy\u00fcs\u00fc\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/tr\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/tr\\\/bokor\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/tr\\\/bokor\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/praktiken_bokor.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-01T23:23:14+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-01T23:23:35+00:00\",\"description\":\"Kara b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fc, zombi ve lanet \u00fcreticisi - haitianische Vodou gelene\u011finde iyi Houngan'\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/tr\\\/bokor\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/tr\\\/bokor\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/tr\\\/bokor\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/praktiken_bokor.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/praktiken_bokor.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"Praktik. 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