{"id":73834,"date":"2026-08-01T23:16:47","date_gmt":"2026-08-01T23:16:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/astarte-fenikeli-tanrica\/"},"modified":"2026-08-01T23:17:07","modified_gmt":"2026-08-01T23:17:07","slug":"astarte","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/astarte\/","title":{"rendered":"Astarte &#8211; Fenikeli Tanr\u0131\u00e7a"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"73834\" class=\"elementor elementor-73834 elementor-2625\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Astarte, A\u015fk\u0131n, Sava\u015f\u0131n ve Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n Fenikeli Tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Astarte (Fenikece <em>\u02bf\u0161trt<\/em>), Fenike panteonunun en \u00f6nemli kad\u0131n <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir din i\u00e7inde tanr\u0131sal olarak y\u00fcceltilen varl\u0131k.\" tabindex=\"0\">tanr\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r<\/span> ve Sidon, Tyrus, Byblos, Kition gibi kent devletlerinde ile t\u00fcm Fenike Akdeniz d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda varl\u0131k g\u00f6stermektedir. Astarte; a\u015fk, sava\u015f, krall\u0131k ve bereketin tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Fenikeli gelene\u011finin tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131.\">Tanr\u0131\u00e7a<\/span><a href=\"\/tr\/fenike-tanrilari\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Fenikeli gelene\u011finin mitolojisi.\">Fenikeli<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Y\u00fcce tanr\u0131\u00e7a.\">Y\u00fcce Tanr\u0131\u00e7a<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Bu sayfada ba\\u015fl\\u0131k bulunamad\\u0131.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0130\u00e7indekiler\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-astartepho-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-astartepho-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-astartepho-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_astarte-phoenix-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2847\" alt=\"Astarte Phoenix - G\u00f6tter aus der Phoenizisch-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_astarte-phoenix-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_astarte-phoenix-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_astarte-phoenix-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_astarte-phoenix.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma ve K\u0131sa Profil<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Astarte (Akadca I\u0161tar, Ugarit\u00e7e \u02bfA\u1e6ftartu), \u00d6n Asya&#8217;n\u0131n en eski kad\u0131n tanr\u0131lar\u0131ndan birinin Fenikeli bi\u00e7imidir. Sabatino Moscati, <em>Die Ph\u00f6niker<\/em> (1966) adl\u0131 eserinde Astarte&#8217;nin hemen her Fenike kent devletinde merkezi bir konuma sahip oldu\u011funu ve \u00e7o\u011funlukla yerel ba\u015f tanr\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya koymu\u015ftur.<\/p><p>Sidon&#8217;da Eschmun&#8217;un e\u015fidir; Tyrus&#8217;ta <a href=\"\/tr\/melqart\/\">Melqart<\/a>&#8216;\u0131n yan\u0131nda yer al\u0131r; Byblos&#8217;ta Baalat&#8217;\u0131n yan\u0131nda. <a href=\"\/tr\/fenike-tanrilari\/\">Fenike gelene\u011fi<\/a> i\u00e7inde o, a\u00e7\u0131k ara en \u00f6nemli tanr\u0131\u00e7ad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Corinne Bonnet, <em>Astart\u00e9<\/em> (1996) adl\u0131 eseriyle bu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir din i\u00e7inde tanr\u0131sal olarak y\u00fcceltilen varl\u0131k.\" tabindex=\"0\">tanr\u0131\u00e7a<\/span> hakk\u0131nda en kapsaml\u0131 monografiyi kaleme alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bonnet, Astarte&#8217;nin \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir i\u015flev profiline sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir: a\u015fk ve cinsellik tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131, sava\u015f tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131, kraliyet koruyucusu, denizcilerin koruyucusu, \u015fifa tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 ve baz\u0131 ba\u011flamlarda yer alt\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131yla ili\u015fkili i\u015flevler. Bu \u00e7ok i\u015flevlilik, \u02bfA\u1e6ftart\/I\u0161tar ailesinin Eski Do\u011fu tanr\u0131\u00e7alar\u0131 i\u00e7in tipiktir.<\/p><p>Din tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Astarte, Eski Suriye-Amurru A\u1e6ftart gelene\u011finden geli\u015fen Bat\u0131 Sami tanr\u0131\u00e7a tipine aittir. M.\u00d6. 1. biny\u0131lda Yunan Afroditi ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir; K\u0131br\u0131s Afroditi gelene\u011fi, Herodot&#8217;un da belirtti\u011fi gibi, do\u011frudan Fenikeli Astarte&#8217;ye dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>\u00d6nemli bir kentsel \u00f6zg\u00fclle\u015fme, bir\u00e7ok kitabede ge\u00e7en &#8220;L\u00fcbnan Astartesi&#8221;dir; bu fig\u00fcr\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla Beyrut Astartesi ile \u00f6zde\u015f oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Tyrus&#8217;ta &#8220;Deniz Astartesi&#8221; de belgelenmi\u015ftir. Bu hipostaz \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi Fenike dini i\u00e7in tipiktir ve Astarte&#8217;yi panteonun en fazla farkl\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Astarte&#8217;nin Fenike <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir dinin veya k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn tanr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonundaki<\/span> konumu, Hitit <a href=\"\/tr\/arinna\/\">Arinna G\u00fcne\u015f Tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131<\/a> ya da en y\u00fcce kad\u0131n devlet tanr\u0131s\u0131 olarak <a href=\"\/tr\/hebat\/\">Hebat<\/a> ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ad ve Etimoloji<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u02bf\u0161trt (Astarte) ad\u0131 Bat\u0131 Sami k\u00f6kenlidir ve \u02bfA\u1e6ftartu (Ugarit) ile I\u0161tar&#8217;\u0131n (Mezopotamya) temelinde de yer alan <em>\u02bf\u0161tr<\/em> k\u00f6k\u00fcne aittir. Etimoloji kesin bi\u00e7imde ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; makul bir yorum k\u00f6k\u00fcyle &#8220;y\u0131ld\u0131z&#8221; kavram\u0131n\u0131 ili\u015fkilendirmekte ve Astarte&#8217;yi muhtemelen Sabah Y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131&#8217;na (Ven\u00fcs) g\u00f6nderme yapan &#8220;y\u0131ld\u0131z tanr\u0131\u00e7a&#8221; olarak de\u011ferlendirmektedir.<\/p><p>Fenike kitabelerinde <em>\u02bf\u0161trt<\/em>, Pun metinlerinde de ayn\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ge\u00e7mektedir. \u00d6nemli bir Helenistik form, Aramice sesli de\u011fi\u015fimiyle <em>A\u0161tart<\/em>&#8216;t\u0131r.<\/p><p>Akadcada I\u0161tar ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir; Helenistik d\u00fcnyada i\u015flev a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re Afrodit ya da Hera ile; M\u0131s\u0131r&#8217;da ise Yeni Krall\u0131k&#8217;tan itibaren Astarte ad\u0131yla ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir ithal <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir din i\u00e7inde tanr\u0131sal olarak y\u00fcceltilen varl\u0131k.\" tabindex=\"0\">tanr\u0131\u00e7a<\/span> olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmakta ve orada da Bat\u0131 Sami niteli\u011fini korumaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Yunan Afrodit Urania do\u011frudan Fenikeli Astarte&#8217;ye kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelmektedir; Herodot onun k\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn Fenike&#8217;den K\u0131br\u0131s \u00fczerinden Yunanistan&#8217;a ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aktarmaktad\u0131r. Bu miras \u00e7izgisi, Astarte&#8217;yi Akdeniz d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n din tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en etkili tanr\u0131\u00e7alar\u0131ndan biri k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Baz\u0131 metinlerde &#8220;G\u00f6\u011f\u00fcn Han\u0131m\u0131&#8221; ya da &#8220;G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn Krali\u00e7esi&#8221; unvan\u0131yla da an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r; bu unvan \u0130branice Yeremya&#8217;da da (Yer 7,18; 44,17, 19) ge\u00e7mekte ve orada ele\u015ftirici bir \u015fekilde yorumlanmaktad\u0131r. Bu &#8220;G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc Krali\u00e7esi&#8221; gelene\u011fi din tarih\u00e7isi Saby Caves taraf\u0131ndan incelenmi\u015f olup Kenan ve \u0130branice din tarihi aras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir ba\u011flant\u0131 noktas\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Betimleme ve \u0130konografi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Astarte, Fenike ikonografisinde birka\u00e7 farkl\u0131 g\u00f6rsel tipte kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar: \u00e7\u0131plak ayakta duran tanr\u0131\u00e7a (&#8220;Astarte plaketi&#8221; pozu), polos ta\u00e7l\u0131 tahtta oturan krali\u00e7e, m\u0131zrak ve kalkan\u0131yla sava\u015f tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131, bir aslan \u00fczerinde oturan ya da onu s\u00fcren kad\u0131n ve y\u0131ld\u0131z \u00e7er\u00e7eveli g\u00f6ksel krali\u00e7e. Bu g\u00f6rsel \u00e7e\u015fitlilik, onun \u00e7ok i\u015flevlili\u011fini yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Kutsal hayvan\u0131 aslan ya da di\u015fi asland\u0131r; Sidon ve Kartaca&#8217;da s\u0131kl\u0131kla bir aslan \u00fczerinde tahtta otururken ya da aslan\u0131 s\u00fcrerken resmedilmi\u015ftir. G\u00fcvercin de \u00f6zellikle K\u0131br\u0131s ve Akdeniz ba\u011flamlar\u0131nda ona atfedilmektedir; Afrodit g\u00fcvercinleri Fenikeli Astarte&#8217;nin do\u011frudan miras\u0131d\u0131r. Yer alt\u0131yla ili\u015fkili y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc temsil eden y\u0131lan da bir di\u011fer hayvan \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><p>Bat\u0131 Akdeniz kolonilerinde, \u00f6zellikle Tartessos&#8217;ta (\u0130spanya), Astarte \u00f6zellikle yo\u011fun bi\u00e7imde tap\u0131n\u0131m g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr; M.\u00d6. 7. y\u00fczy\u0131la ait \u00fcnl\u00fc &#8220;Carambolo Astartesi&#8221; bronz heykelci\u011fi onu Fenikece adak yaz\u0131t\u0131yla tahtta oturan bir tanr\u0131\u00e7a olarak betimlemektedir. Sevilla, C\u00e1diz ve di\u011fer yerle\u015fim yerlerinde de k\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn yo\u011funlu\u011funa tan\u0131kl\u0131k eden Astarte fig\u00fcrinleri bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p><p>Kition&#8217;da (K\u0131br\u0131s) Demir \u00c7a\u011f\u0131 Akdeniz d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck tap\u0131naklar\u0131ndan birine ait olan devasa bir Astarte <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir veya birden fazla tanr\u0131ya tap\u0131nmaya hizmet eden yap\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131<\/span> kaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Vassos Karageorghis ve yak\u0131n d\u00f6nemde Maria Iacovou \u00f6nderli\u011finde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen kaz\u0131lar, K\u0131br\u0131s&#8217;taki Fenike k\u00fclt\u00fcne ili\u015fkin tabloyu \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geni\u015fletmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mitolojik Anlat\u0131lar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ugarit metinlerinde (KTU 1.92 ve di\u011ferleri) Astarte, <a href=\"\/tr\/baal-hadad\/\">Baal<\/a>&#8216;\u0131n av tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 ve refakat\u00e7isi olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar; ancak Baal D\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc&#8217;nde k\u0131z karde\u015fi <a href=\"\/tr\/anat\/\">Anat<\/a>&#8216;a k\u0131yasla daha geri planda kal\u0131r. Fenike mitolojisine ait par\u00e7alarda, \u00f6zellikle Eusebius&#8217;un aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 Byblosl\u00fc Philon&#8217;da, Tyrus&#8217;a bir bo\u011fayla yolculuk eden ve orada taht\u0131 ele ge\u00e7iren krali\u00e7e olarak betimlenmektedir.<\/p><p>Philon&#8217;un aktar\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re Astarte &#8220;bir bo\u011fa ba\u015f\u0131 bulmu\u015f&#8221; ve onu kendi ba\u015f\u0131na koymu\u015f; bu hareketle tanr\u0131sall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 peki\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Bu anlat\u0131, M\u0131s\u0131r Hathor gelene\u011fini ve Mezopotamya \u0130nanna-Anu hikayesini \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Albert Baumgarten, <em>The Phoenician History of Philo of Byblos<\/em> (1981) adl\u0131 eserinde malzemeyi ele\u015ftirel bi\u00e7imde yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><p>Helenistik metinlerde Astarte, Europa anlat\u0131s\u0131yla ili\u015fkilendirilmektedir: Tyrus Kral\u0131 Agenor&#8217;un k\u0131z\u0131 Europa, Zeus taraf\u0131ndan bo\u011fa k\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Girit&#8217;e ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flant\u0131 tarihsel a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r: Astarte hem Europa&#8217;n\u0131n annesi hem de onun tanr\u0131sal arka plan\u0131d\u0131r. Europa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa aktar\u0131lan tanr\u0131 anlat\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitolojisi<\/span> b\u00f6ylece Hellen-Fenike bir sentezi olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Kartaca d\u00f6neminden Astarte ile kahraman Dido fig\u00fcr\u00fc aras\u0131ndaki bir ba\u011flant\u0131 aktar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r; Kartaca&#8217;n\u0131n kurucusu Krali\u00e7e Dido, baz\u0131 Roma kaynaklar\u0131nda Astarte&#8217;nin &#8220;rahibe enkarnasyonu&#8221; olarak yorumlanmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirme din tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">K\u00fclt ve Tap\u0131n\u0131m<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Astarte&#8217;nin ba\u015fl\u0131ca k\u00fclt merkezleri \u015funlard\u0131r: Sidon (II. Eschmunazar taraf\u0131ndan in\u015fa ettirilen Astarte <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir veya birden fazla tanr\u0131ya tap\u0131nmaya hizmet eden yap\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131<\/span>), Tyrus, Byblos (Baalat ile birlikte), Kition (K\u0131br\u0131s; adaya h\u00fckmeden devasa Astarte <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir veya birden fazla tanr\u0131ya tap\u0131nmaya hizmet eden yap\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131yla<\/span>), Kartaca ve Akdeniz kolonileri. Maria Eugenia Aubet, <em>The Phoenicians and the West<\/em> (2001) adl\u0131 eserinde bu Akdeniz yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 belgelemi\u015ftir.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir tanr\u0131ya veya kutsal varl\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelik din\u00ee tap\u0131nma eylemlerinin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc.\" tabindex=\"0\">K\u00fclt<\/span>; yakma kurbanlar\u0131n\u0131, i\u00e7ki sunular\u0131n\u0131 ve baz\u0131 Fenike kaynaklar\u0131nda an\u0131lan &#8220;kutsal dans \u015fenli\u011fini&#8221; kapsamaktayd\u0131.<\/p><p>\u00d6zel bir rol \u00fcstlenen <em>qedeshim<\/em> ve <em>qedeshot<\/em>, yani adanm\u0131\u015f erkekler ve kad\u0131nlar, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar aras\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 olmaya devam etmektedir; Annie Caubet, Corinne Bonnet ve Stephanie Budin, eski yorumun \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc &#8220;tap\u0131nak fahi\u015feli\u011fi&#8221; olgusuna kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte mesele hen\u00fcz kesin olarak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturulamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><p>Helenistik d\u00f6nemde Astarte, Afrodit ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir; K\u0131br\u0131s&#8217;\u0131n Paphos kentindeki \u00fcnl\u00fc Afrodit <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir tanr\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcceltilmesine adanm\u0131\u015f kutsal yer.\" tabindex=\"0\">kutsal alan\u0131<\/span>, tarihsel olarak Fenikeli Astarte tap\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frudan devam\u0131d\u0131r. Korint&#8217;te, Eryx&#8217;te (Sicilya) ve Akdeniz&#8217;in pek \u00e7ok ba\u015fka yerinde de Fenikeli Astarte gelene\u011fi Yunan ad\u0131yla s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p><p>Kartaca&#8217;da Astarte, zamanla giderek artan bi\u00e7imde <a href=\"\/tr\/tanit\/\">Tanit<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan geri plana itilmi\u015f; ancak tamamen yok olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tofet yaz\u0131tlar\u0131nda her iki tanr\u0131\u00e7a zaman zaman yan yana ge\u00e7mektedir. Birbirine rakip iki y\u00fcce kad\u0131n tanr\u0131\u00e7an\u0131n bu bir arada bulunu\u015fu, Pun dininin en belirgin \u00f6zelliklerinden biridir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Koruma Prati\u011fi ve Apotropaik Unsurlar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Astarte, kraliyet ailelerinin, hamilelerin, denizcilerin ve sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 erkeklerin koruyucu tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. Sidon&#8217;da, kral m\u00fch\u00fcrlerinde kraliyet hanedan\u0131n\u0131n koruyucu efendisi olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar; Kral II. Eshmunazar&#8217;\u0131n (M.\u00d6. 5. y\u00fczy\u0131l) \u00fcnl\u00fc <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sert bir zemine kaz\u0131nan veya oyulan yaz\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">kitabesi<\/span>, onu Eshmun ile birlikte en y\u00fcce koruyucu tanr\u0131\u00e7a olarak anar.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"K\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131: zararl\u0131 etkileri uzak tutmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanan i\u015faret ve nesneler.\" tabindex=\"0\">Apotropaik<\/span> ama\u00e7la Astarte fig\u00fcrinleri evlere yerle\u015ftirilirdi; &#8216;Astarte plaketleri&#8217; olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan, \u00e7\u0131plak bir kad\u0131n\u0131 betimleyen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck terrakotta kabartmalar, Fenike yerle\u015fim alanlar\u0131ndan binlerce \u00f6rnek h\u00e2linde bilinmektedir. Bunlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla koruma, bereket yalvar\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve ev muhafazas\u0131 amac\u0131na hizmet etti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Bu plaketlerin i\u015flevi ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar aras\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 olmaya devam etmekte; ancak yayg\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 her h\u00e2l\u00fck\u00e2rda yo\u011fun ev i\u00e7i Astarte y\u00fcceltmesinin bir g\u00f6stergesidir.<\/p><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">Fenike deniz yolculu\u011fu rit\u00fcellerinde Astarte, denizcili\u011fin koruyucu efendisi olarak \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131; kaptanlar ve t\u00fcccarlar, deniz yolculuklar\u0131ndan \u00f6nce ve sonra ona adaklar sunard\u0131. Bu &#8216;yolculuk dindarl\u0131\u011f\u0131&#8217;, Fenike d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 hareketlili\u011fini do\u011frudan din\u00ee bir \u00e7er\u00e7eveye oturtmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan din tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ilgi \u00e7ekicidir. iWell Guard, Astarte&#8217;yi herhangi bir g\u00fcncel sa\u011fl\u0131k vaadi referans\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n tarihsel bir fig\u00fcr olarak kaydetmektedir.<\/p><p>M.\u00d6. 7. ve 6. y\u00fczy\u0131llara ait Fenike skarabesi m\u00fch\u00fcrleri s\u0131kl\u0131kla Astarte motiflerini ta\u015f\u0131r: \u00e7\u0131plak ayakta duran tanr\u0131\u00e7a, bir aslan\u0131n \u00fczerinde Astarte, nil\u00fcfer \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fiyle Astarte. Bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck boyutlu m\u00fch\u00fcrler ki\u015fisel koruyucu muska olarak ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve Fenike d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir co\u011frafyaya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Di\u011fer K\u00fclt\u00fcrlerle Paraleller<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Astarte, b\u00fcy\u00fck Bat\u0131 Sami-Mezopotamya tanr\u0131\u00e7a ailesine aittir: \u02bfA\u1e6ftart\/I\u0161tar. Ugarit\u00e7e \u02bfA\u1e6ftartu, Mezopotamya I\u0161tar&#8217;\u0131, Orta Arami Atargatis (ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir geli\u015fimle), Hurri \u0160au\u0161ga ve Hitit \u0160amu\u1e2ba I\u0161tar&#8217;\u0131yla yak\u0131n akrabal\u0131k i\u00e7indedir. Akadcada \u00e7ok i\u015flevlilik, Uruk I\u0161tar&#8217;\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle iyi belgelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p><p>Astarte, Yunan Afroditi ile din tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6zde\u015ftir; K\u0131br\u0131s Afroditi, Fenikeli Astarte&#8217;nin do\u011frudan devam\u0131d\u0131r. Yunan Hera&#8217;s\u0131, Athena ve baz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lardan Artemis de Astarte miras\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Kartaca&#8217;da ise giderek <a href=\"\/tr\/tanit\/\">Tanit<\/a> ile kayna\u015farak kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc i\u015flevini geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/p><p>\u0130branice malzemede Astarte, Ashtoreth bi\u00e7iminde ve olumsuz bir polemik y\u00fck\u00fcyle kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r (1. Krallar 11,5; 2. Krallar 23,13). Bu polemik, Fenike bi\u00e7imiyle Kenan dinine y\u00f6neliktir.<\/p><p>Bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131dan Astarte, Eski \u0130srail i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 Kenan gelene\u011finden gelen rakip bir tanr\u0131d\u0131r; bibliyografyadaki anti-A\u015ftarteizm, ger\u00e7ek bir din\u00ee kom\u015fulu\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 teolojik bir tepkidir. <a href=\"\/tr\/hitit-tanrilari\/\">Hitit<\/a> paralelleri \u0160amu\u1e2ba \u0160au\u0161ga&#8217;s\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Astarte=Afrodit \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirmesi tarihsel a\u00e7\u0131dan rastlant\u0131sal de\u011fildir; Pausanias ve di\u011fer <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Yakla\u015f\u0131k M.\u00d6. 800 ile M.S. 600 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki Yunan ve Roma k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc \u00e7a\u011f\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">antik<\/span> yazarlar Yunan Afroditi&#8217;nin Fenike \u00f6rneklerinden t\u00fcredi\u011fini do\u011frulamaktad\u0131r. Walter Burkert&#8217;in <em>Die orientalisierende Epoche<\/em> adl\u0131 eserindeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve Vinciane Pirenne-Delforge&#8217;un ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 bu konuda standart ba\u015fvuru niteli\u011findedir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki Al\u0131mlanma ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Astarte ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde y\u00fcksek bir d\u00fczeydedir. Corinne Bonnet&#8217;in <em>Astart\u00e9<\/em> (1996) monografisi standart ba\u015fvuru kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r; Stephanie Budin&#8217;in <em>The Origin of Aphrodite<\/em> (2003) adl\u0131 eseri Afrodit ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftirel bi\u00e7imde ele almaktad\u0131r. Sabatino Moscati ve Maria Eugenia Aubet, Akdeniz&#8217;deki yay\u0131l\u0131m konusunda otorite kaynaklard\u0131r. Charles Krahmalkov ve Wolfgang R\u00f6llig&#8217;in Fenike yaz\u0131tlar\u0131 edisyonu birincil metinleri sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Pop\u00fcler al\u0131mlanmada Astarte, ba\u015fta Afrodit \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirmesi ve \u0130ncil&#8217;deki polemik arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla tan\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. 1980&#8217;lerden bu yana feminist ve neopagan \u00e7evrelerde g\u00f6r\u00fclen ruhani yeniden canland\u0131rma hareketi, Astarte&#8217;yi &#8220;Ana Tanr\u0131\u00e7a&#8221; olarak benimsemi\u015ftir; bu modern al\u0131mlama, tarihsel profili basitle\u015ftirdi\u011finden din tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sorunludur.<\/p><p>Bilimsel \u00e7evrelerde Astarte, bug\u00fcn Bat\u0131 Sami dininin en \u00f6nemli inceleme nesnelerinden biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. G\u00fcncel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n odak noktalar\u0131 yerel Astarte hipostazlar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 (Sidon, Tyrus, Byblos, Kition Astartesi), Afrodit gelene\u011fiyle ba\u011flant\u0131 ve Astarte <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir tanr\u0131ya veya kutsal varl\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelik din\u00ee tap\u0131nma eylemlerinin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc.\" tabindex=\"0\">k\u00fclt\u00fcndeki<\/span> <em>qedeshot<\/em> meselesidir. iWell Guard, Astarte&#8217;yi merkezi bir <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir dinin veya k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn tanr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteon<\/span> \u00fcyesi olarak kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131r ve onu g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz i\u00e7in bir koruma hedefi olarak sunmaz.<\/p><p>\u0130spanya&#8217;daki (Sevilla, C\u00e1diz) ve Fas&#8217;taki (Lixus) Fenike sitelerinden elde edilen g\u00fcncel arkeolojik bulgular, onun bat\u0131daki tap\u0131n\u0131m tablosunu \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geni\u015fletmektedir. Mar\u00eda Bel\u00e9n Deamos ve Manuela Mar\u00edn&#8217;in son y\u0131llardaki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 \u00f6nemli yeni kan\u0131tlar yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kaynaklar ve Literat\u00fcr<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki se\u00e7ki, Astarte ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin en \u00f6nemli ba\u015fvuru eserlerini bir araya getirmektedir. Monografiler, yaz\u0131t edisyonlar\u0131 ve tarihsel sentezleri kapsamaktad\u0131r. Corinne Bonnet&#8217;in <em>Astart\u00e9<\/em> adl\u0131 eseri ilk ba\u015fvuru noktas\u0131d\u0131r; Budin&#8217;in Afrodit \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 Yunan \u00e7izgisini ele almaktad\u0131r; Aubet ise Akdeniz&#8217;deki yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 incelemektedir. Krahmalkov&#8217;un Fenike-Pun grameri dilbilim tarihine ait malzemeyi; Moscati&#8217;nin klasik sentezi ise k\u00fclt\u00fcr tarihine ait \u00e7er\u00e7eveyi sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b13b4ce e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2b13b4ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp277df97f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp277df97f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Eschmunazar Lahdi ve Sidon'un Kraliyet Yaz\u0131tlar\u0131nda Astarte<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp293101c9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp293101c9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26973d69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp26973d69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Astarte hakk\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli epigrafik kaynaklardan biri, Sidon Kral\u0131 II. E\u015fmunazer&#8217;in lahit ta\u015f\u0131 \u00fczerindeki <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sert bir y\u00fczeye oyulmu\u015f veya kaz\u0131nm\u0131\u015f metin.\" tabindex=\"0\">yaz\u0131tt\u0131r<\/span>; erken 5. y\u00fczy\u0131la tarihlenmektedir. Lahitin kendisi M\u0131s\u0131r k\u00f6kenlidir ve 1855 y\u0131l\u0131nda bulunmu\u015ftur; bug\u00fcn Louvre&#8217;da yer almaktad\u0131r. Fenikece <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sert bir y\u00fczeye oyulmu\u015f veya kaz\u0131nm\u0131\u015f metin.\" tabindex=\"0\">yaz\u0131t<\/span>, bu dilin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f en uzun metinleri aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Yaz\u0131tta kraliyet hanedan\u0131, Astarte i\u00e7in bir <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir veya birden fazla tanr\u0131ya tap\u0131nmaya hizmet eden yap\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">tap\u0131nak<\/span> in\u015fa etti\u011fini aktarmaktad\u0131r. <em>Astarte \u015eem Baal<\/em> ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir tanr\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcceltilmesine adanm\u0131\u015f kutsal yer.\" tabindex=\"0\">kutsal alan<\/span> zikredilmektedir; bu ifade &#8220;Baal&#8217;\u0131n Ad\u0131 Astarte&#8221; anlam\u0131na gelmekte, P\u00f6n yaz\u0131tlar\u0131ndaki Tanit pene Baal ifadesine yak\u0131n durmakta ve tanr\u0131\u00e7a ile tanr\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki teolojik ba\u011f\u0131 dile getirmektedir.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sert bir y\u00fczeye oyulmu\u015f veya kaz\u0131nm\u0131\u015f metin.\" tabindex=\"0\">Yaz\u0131t<\/span>, ayr\u0131ca E\u015fmun tanr\u0131s\u0131ndan da s\u00f6z etmekte ve b\u00f6ylece Sidon kraliyet hanedan\u0131n\u0131n din\u00ee program\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>\u0130kinci temel kaynak, yine Sidon&#8217;dan gelen Kral Bodashtart&#8217;\u0131n <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sert bir y\u00fczeye oyulmu\u015f veya kaz\u0131nm\u0131\u015f metin.\" tabindex=\"0\">yaz\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r<\/span>; bu metin de Astarte ve E\u015fmun i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen in\u015fa faaliyetlerinden s\u00f6z etmektedir. Bu metinlerden Astarte&#8217;nin Sidon&#8217;un ba\u015f tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve kent k\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn kraliyet hanedan\u0131n\u0131n me\u015fruiyetiyle yak\u0131ndan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 bulundu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Fenikece kral yaz\u0131tlar\u0131 \u00f6zellikle de\u011ferlidir; zira Ugarit&#8217;ten gelen mitolojik metinlerin aksine, do\u011frudan Fenike anakaras\u0131ndan ve ger\u00e7ek k\u00fclt prati\u011finden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Bu metinler Astarte&#8217;yi bir anlat\u0131 fig\u00fcr\u00fc olarak de\u011fil, tap\u0131naklar\u0131n, vak\u0131flar\u0131n ve kraliyet y\u00fcceltiminin al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak g\u00f6stermektedir. S\u00f6z konusu metinlerin edisyonlar\u0131, Herbert Donner ve Wolfgang R\u00f6llig&#8217;in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 gibi Fenikece yaz\u0131tlar\u0131n standart derlemelerinde yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2acdcf65 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2acdcf65\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp28ce0b2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp28ce0b2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Astarte, Afrodit ve Tanr\u0131\u00e7an\u0131n Yunan'daki Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp241006cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp241006cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp21761654 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp21761654\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fenikelilerle t\u00fcm Akdeniz havzas\u0131nda temas halinde olan Yunanl\u0131lar, Astarte&#8217;yi kendi a\u015fk ve g\u00fczellik tanr\u0131\u00e7alar\u0131 Afrodit ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirdi. Bu \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirme, basit bir \u00e7eviriden \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><p>Herodotos, Askalon&#8217;daki g\u00f6ksel Afrodit&#8217;e ait bir <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir tanr\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcceltilmesine adanm\u0131\u015f kutsal yer.\" tabindex=\"0\">kutsal alan<\/span>dan s\u00f6z eder ve bunun bu tanr\u0131\u00e7an\u0131n t\u00fcm kutsal alanlar\u0131n\u0131n en eskisi oldu\u011funu, K\u0131br\u0131s&#8217;takinin de buradan t\u00fcredi\u011fini belirtir. B\u00f6ylece Afrodit&#8217;in k\u00f6kenini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a Suriye-Fenike co\u011frafyas\u0131na yerle\u015ftirir.<\/p><p>K\u0131br\u0131s bu hik\u00e2yede kilit bir rol \u00fcstlenir. Ada, ba\u015fta Kition \u015fehri olmak \u00fczere erken d\u00f6nemden itibaren Fenikeliler taraf\u0131ndan yerle\u015fime a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131; Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n Afrodit olarak y\u00fcceltti\u011fi K\u0131br\u0131s tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir tanr\u0131ya veya kutsal varl\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelik din\u00ee tap\u0131nma eylemlerinin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc.\" tabindex=\"0\">k\u00fclt\u00fc<\/span> ise belirgin Astarte izleri ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>K\u0131br\u0131s&#8217;taki Paphos <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir tanr\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcceltilmesine adanm\u0131\u015f kutsal yer.\" tabindex=\"0\">kutsal alan\u0131<\/span>, tanr\u0131 tasvirini konik bir ta\u015f bi\u00e7iminde y\u00fcceltirdi; bu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir toplulukta d\u00fczenli olarak yinelenen, ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f eylem.\" tabindex=\"0\">gelenek<\/span>, Yunan k\u00fclt anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00d6n Asya k\u00fclt anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na uygundur.<\/p><p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, Afrodit&#8217;in ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00f6z\u00fcnde Yunan k\u00f6kenli bir <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir din i\u00e7inde tanr\u0131sal olarak y\u00fcceltilen varl\u0131k.\" tabindex=\"0\">tanr\u0131\u00e7a<\/span> oldu\u011funu, yoksa esas olarak Fenike Astarte&#8217;sinin benimsenmesinden mi do\u011fdu\u011funu tart\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Walter Burkert, Yunan dini \u00fczerindeki Do\u011fu etkisine ili\u015fkin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda bu ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bi\u00e7imde vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Di\u011fer ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ise Hint-Avrupa k\u00f6kenli bir \u015fafak tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 ile \u00d6n Asya unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n bir bile\u015fimini g\u00f6rmektedir.<\/p><p>Kesin olan \u015fudur: Astarte ve Afrodit, y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca akraba olarak alg\u0131lanan bir tanr\u0131\u00e7an\u0131n iki farkl\u0131 ad\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirildi. Bu durum Astarte a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, onun etki tarihinin Fenike \u015fehirlerinin \u00e7ok \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7ti\u011fini ve Yunan, ard\u0131ndan da Roma dini i\u00e7inde s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2cd57195 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2cd57195\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b9874d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2b9874d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Astarte ve A\u015ftaret \u0130branice Kutsal Kitap'ta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp23d0ede1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp23d0ede1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2e38e53c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2e38e53c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Astarte, \u0130branice \u0130ncil&#8217;de <em>A\u015ftoret<\/em> bi\u00e7iminde, \u00e7o\u011fulda ise <em>A\u015ftarot<\/em> bi\u00e7iminde ge\u00e7mektedir. Bu ismin seslendirili\u015fi, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan bilin\u00e7li bir bozulma olarak de\u011ferlendirilmektedir: Masoretik \u00e2limlerin \u00f6zg\u00fcn \u00fcnl\u00fcleri, \u0130branicede utan\u00e7 anlam\u0131na gelen s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn \u00fcnl\u00fcleriyle de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmekte olup bu y\u00f6ntemin ba\u015fka yabanc\u0131 tanr\u0131lar i\u00e7in de uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir.<\/p><p>\u0130ncil metinleri A\u015ftoret&#8217;ten \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerde s\u00f6z etmektedir. Birinci Krallar Kitab\u0131&#8217;nda A\u015ftoret, Sidonlular\u0131n tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 olarak nitelendirilmekte ve Kral S\u00fcleyman&#8217;\u0131n onun <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir tanr\u0131ya veya kutsal varl\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelik din\u00ee tap\u0131nma eylemlerinin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc.\" tabindex=\"0\">k\u00fclt\u00fcne<\/span> izin verdi\u011fi belirtilmektedir.<\/p><p>A\u015ftoret \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u00e7o\u011ful bi\u00e7imiyle, Baalim yani Baal bi\u00e7imleriyle birlikte, \u0130ncil yazarlar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yabanc\u0131 k\u00fcltlerin simgesi olarak ge\u00e7mektedir. H\u00e2kimler Kitab\u0131 ve Samuel Kitaplar\u0131, halk\u0131n Baallar&#8217;a ve Astarteler&#8217;e hizmet etti\u011fini ifade eden deyimi kullanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Bu belgeler, din tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan iki nedenle \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Birincisi, Astarte&#8217;nin ger\u00e7ekten Sidon&#8217;un ba\u015f tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan do\u011frulamaktad\u0131rlar; bunu Fenikeli kral yaz\u0131tlar\u0131 da kendi bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla tan\u0131klamaktad\u0131r. \u0130kincisi, Astarte <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir tanr\u0131ya veya kutsal varl\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelik din\u00ee tap\u0131nma eylemlerinin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc.\" tabindex=\"0\">k\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn<\/span> \u0130srail ve Yuda b\u00f6lgesi halk\u0131 aras\u0131nda da yayg\u0131n oldu\u011funu ortaya koymaktad\u0131rlar; aksi takdirde peygamberce sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n bir hedefi olmazd\u0131.<\/p><p>\u0130ncil burada d\u00fc\u015fmanca, ancak tam da bu nedenle ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131 bir kaynakt\u0131r. Astarte yanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tanr\u0131 ve bir dinin inanc\u0131 \u00fczerine bilimsel \u00f6\u011freti.\" tabindex=\"0\">teolojisini<\/span> aktarmasa da onlar\u0131n <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir tanr\u0131ya veya kutsal varl\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelik din\u00ee tap\u0131nma eylemlerinin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc.\" tabindex=\"0\">k\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn<\/span> y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca din\u00ee bir rakip olarak alg\u0131lanacak denli canl\u0131 oldu\u011funun dolayl\u0131 kan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>A\u015ftoret&#8217;in \u0130ncil&#8217;de ayr\u0131ca an\u0131lan A\u015fera ile ili\u015fkisinin nas\u0131l ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar aras\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaya devam etmektedir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literat\u00fcr (Se\u00e7me)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li>Corinne Bonnet: <em>Astart\u00e9<\/em> (Rom 1996)<\/li><li>Stephanie Budin: <em>The Origin of Aphrodite<\/em> (Bethesda 2003)<\/li><li>Sabatino Moscati: <em>Die Ph\u00f6niker<\/em> (Stuttgart 1966)<\/li><li>Maria Eugenia Aubet: <em>The Phoenicians and the West<\/em> (Cambridge 2001)<\/li><li>Stephanie Budin: <em>The Myth of Sacred Prostitution in Antiquity<\/em> (Cambridge 2008)<\/li><li>Charles Krahmalkov: <em>A Phoenician-Punic Grammar<\/em> (Leiden 2001)<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-astartephoenix e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-astartephoenix\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-astartephoenix-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-astartephoenix-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fenike <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tanr\u0131lar, k\u00f6kenler ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00fczeni hakk\u0131nda ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa aktar\u0131lan anlat\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitolojisinde<\/span> Astarte, a\u015fk\u0131, sava\u015f\u0131 ve krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir araya getirir; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir tanr\u0131ya veya kutsal varl\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelik din\u00ee tap\u0131nma eylemlerinin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc.\" tabindex=\"0\">k\u00fclt\u00fc<\/span> Sidon ve Tyrus&#8217;tan Kartaca&#8217;ya uzanmakta, daha sonra Helenistik Afrodit ve Hera \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirmelerini etkilemektedir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>\u0130lgili anahtar kavramlar: Astarte Fenikeli tanr\u0131\u00e7a a\u015fk sava\u015f I\u0161tar Afrodit Sidon Tyrus.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-astarte-phoenix\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard ve Koruma Gelenekleri<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard, <a href=\"\/tr\/fenike-tanrilari\/\">Fenikeli<\/a> ve d\u00fcnya genelinde pek \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn ta\u015f\u0131nabilir koruyucu nesne gelene\u011fine dayanmaktad\u0131r. 41 katman, alt\u0131n saf, platin, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, Almanya&#8217;da \u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. 30 g\u00fcn iade hakk\u0131.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">iWell Guard hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">iWell Guard hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Ki\u015fisel deneyimler farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterebilir. T\u0131bbi \u00fcr\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Sa\u011fl\u0131k vaadi i\u00e7ermez.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>t\u0131bbi bir \u00fcr\u00fcn de\u011fildir<\/strong> ve t\u0131bbi ya da psikoterap\u00f6tik tedavinin yerini tutmaz. Din bilimine ili\u015fkin i\u00e7erikler k\u00fclt\u00fcrel-tarihsel bir s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma olup ruhani uygulama tavsiyesi niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131mamaktad\u0131r.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Astarte, A\u015fk\u0131n, Sava\u015f\u0131n ve Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n Fenikeli Tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 Astarte (Fenikece \u02bf\u0161trt), Fenike panteonunun en \u00f6nemli kad\u0131n tanr\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r ve Sidon, Tyrus, Byblos, Kition gibi kent devletlerinde ile t\u00fcm Fenike Akdeniz d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda varl\u0131k g\u00f6stermektedir. Astarte; a\u015fk, sava\u015f, krall\u0131k ve bereketin tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Tanr\u0131\u00e7aFenikeliY\u00fcce Tanr\u0131\u00e7a \u0130\u00e7indekiler S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma ve K\u0131sa Profil Astarte (Akadca I\u0161tar, Ugarit\u00e7e \u02bfA\u1e6ftartu), \u00d6n Asya&#8217;n\u0131n en eski kad\u0131n [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2847,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Astarte Fenikeli tanr\u0131\u00e7a","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Astarte - Fenikeli Tanr\u0131\u00e7a, Mitoloji, K\u00fclt","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Astarte, Fenike panteonunun en \u00f6nemli kad\u0131n tanr\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r; a\u015fk, sava\u015f ve krall\u0131kla ili\u015fkilendirilir.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"phoenizisch","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-73834","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Astarte - Fenikeli Tanr\u0131\u00e7a, Mitoloji, K\u00fclt<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Astarte, Fenike panteonunun en \u00f6nemli kad\u0131n tanr\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r; 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