{"id":73438,"date":"2026-08-01T22:52:05","date_gmt":"2026-08-01T22:52:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hananim-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-01T22:52:33","modified_gmt":"2026-08-01T22:52:33","slug":"hananim","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/hananim\/","title":{"rendered":"Hananim"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"73438\" class=\"elementor elementor-73438 elementor-3054\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94c829f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"94c829f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b923208 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b923208\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-774a445 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"774a445\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d35426 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3d35426\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hananim, Kore \u015famanizminin en y\u00fcce tanr\u0131s\u0131<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdceee8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdceee8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hananim (Korece \ud558\ub098\ub2d8), &#8220;G\u00f6k Efendisi&#8221; veya &#8220;En Y\u00fcce Tanr\u0131&#8221; anlam\u0131na gelen modern Korece bir terimdir. Kurulu\u015f mitosuna ait mitolojik k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir fig\u00fcr olan Hwanin&#8217;den farkl\u0131 olarak Hananim, din tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan g\u00f6rece yeni bir kavramd\u0131r; 19. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren ba\u015fta Hristiyan, yeni din\u00ee ve halk-manev\u00ee ba\u011flamlarda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Hananim&#8217;in merkezi bir tanr\u0131 ad\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi, Kore&#8217;nin Bat\u0131 Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ve kendi din\u00ee reform hareketleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131ndaki din\u00ee d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0a87fc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c0a87fc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-000caa7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"000caa7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Tanr\u0131 \/ Tanr\u0131\u00e7a: Bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn panteonunda ki\u015file\u015ftirilmi\u015f y\u00fcce g\u00fc\u00e7; do\u011fa kuvvetleri, kader, sava\u015f ve bereket gibi belirgin sorumluluk alanlar\u0131yla. K\u00fcltler, kurbanlar ve tap\u0131nak kurumlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla y\u00fcceltilir.\">Tanr\u0131<\/span><a href=\"\/tr\/kore-tanrilari\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Kore'nin tanr\u0131lar, \u015famanlar ve halk ruhlar\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131.\">Kore<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8cc34b5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8cc34b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2508a21 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"2508a21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Bu sayfada ba\\u015fl\\u0131k bulunamad\\u0131.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0130\u00e7indekiler\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__2508a21\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__2508a21\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__2508a21\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b31242e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b31242e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3873cfc iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3873cfc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_korea_hananim-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3243\" alt=\"Hananim - G\u00f6tter aus der Korea-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_korea_hananim-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_korea_hananim-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_korea_hananim-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_korea_hananim.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b057e62 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b057e62\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc0b35b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dc0b35b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f71efa8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f71efa8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Etimoloji ve S\u00f6zc\u00fck Tarihi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b763f60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b763f60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hananim terimi, Korece &#8220;haneul&#8221; (g\u00f6k) s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile sayg\u0131 eki &#8220;-nim&#8221;den olu\u015fmakta olup kelimenin tam anlam\u0131yla &#8220;sayg\u0131de\u011fer G\u00f6k&#8221; ya da &#8220;G\u00f6\u011f\u00fcn Efendisi&#8221; demektir. Daha eski bi\u00e7imiyle Hanunim veya Hanonim olarak bilinen bu terim, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fc ki\u015fisel bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak hitap etme \u015feklindeki halk prati\u011fine dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Don Baker, &#8220;Korean Spirituality&#8221; (2008) adl\u0131 eserinde s\u00f6zc\u00fck bi\u00e7iminin halk prati\u011finde 17. ve 18. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren belgelendi\u011fini, ancak bunun kapal\u0131 bir tanr\u0131bilim \u00f6\u011fretisi olarak form\u00fcle edilmedi\u011fini ortaya koymu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet>James Grayson, &#8220;Korea: A Religious History&#8221; (1989) adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda Hananim teriminin modern bi\u00e7imiyle ancak 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, Katolikli\u011fe ge\u00e7en ilk Koreli m\u00fchtediler aras\u0131nda ve \u00f6zellikle 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131ndaki Protestan misyonerler aras\u0131nda yerle\u015fik bir konuma kavu\u015ftu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>1882&#8217;de Mukden&#8217;de ilk Korece \u0130ncil \u00e7evirisini haz\u0131rlayan \u0130sko\u00e7 misyonerler John Ross ve John MacIntyre, \u0130branice-Yunanca Tanr\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak Hananim&#8217;i se\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Bu tercih, Kore&#8217;nin sonraki Protestan gelene\u011fini kal\u0131c\u0131 bi\u00e7imde \u015fekillendirmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-982ee3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"982ee3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b40a6e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b40a6e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Halk Din\u00ee Gelene\u011finde Hananim<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26981b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"26981b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hristiyan misyonerler bu terimi benimsemeden \u00f6nce Hananim ya da Hanunim, pek \u00e7ok Kore halk rit\u00fcelinde g\u00f6\u011fe yap\u0131lan bir hitap bi\u00e7imiydi.<\/p><p>\u00c7ift\u00e7iler ekim \u00f6ncesinde onu \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r, \u015famanlar yas\u0131n dualar\u0131nda ondan s\u00f6z eder, ebeveynler ise do\u011fum ve \u00f6l\u00fcm anlar\u0131nda ona seslenirdi. Bu tap\u0131nma, kapal\u0131 bir <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir dinin veya k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn tanr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteon<\/span> i\u00e7inde \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc de\u011fildi; Budist, Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs\u00e7\u00fc ve \u015famanik dindarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yan\u0131nda ek bir katman olarak beliriyordu.<\/p>\n\n<p>Boudewijn Walraven, Kore <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uzmanlar\u0131n ruhlar d\u00fcnyas\u0131yla ileti\u015fim kurdu\u011fu din\u00ee sistem.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u015famanizmi<\/span> \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda \u015famanlar\u0131n (&#8220;mudang&#8221;) G\u00f6k Efendisi&#8217;ni \u00e7o\u011funlukla uzak ve neredeyse m\u00fcdahil olmayan bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, somut iyile\u015ftirme i\u015fini ise yerel ruhlar ve da\u011f tanr\u0131lar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdiklerini vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><p>Hananim, din\u00ee hiyerar\u015finin en \u00fcst basama\u011f\u0131nda yer almakla birlikte g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famda do\u011frudan rit\u00fcel bir \u00f6neme sahip de\u011fildi. Mircea Eliade&#8217;a g\u00f6re bu &#8220;Deus otiosus&#8221; yap\u0131s\u0131, Kuzey Asya g\u00f6k inan\u00e7 bi\u00e7imleri i\u00e7in tipiktir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bfceb0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bfceb0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f63af3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9f63af3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">19. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Hristiyan Sahipleni\u015fi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76c8d34 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"76c8d34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hananim&#8217;in \u0130ncil&#8217;deki Tanr\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak se\u00e7ilmesi, Protestan misyonunun bilin\u00e7li bir karar\u0131yd\u0131. Alternatifler aras\u0131nda Sanonim (Da\u011f Efendisi), Shinjeo (ilah\u00ee g\u00fc\u00e7) ve Sangje (en y\u00fcce h\u00fck\u00fcmdar, Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs\u00e7\u00fc bir terim) yer al\u0131yordu.<\/p><p>John Ross ve \u00e7evresi Sangje&#8217;yi, saray k\u00fclt\u00fcyle \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131 bi\u00e7imde \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in; Shinjeo&#8217;yu ise \u00e7oktanr\u0131c\u0131 ya da panteist yoruma a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in reddetti. Hananim&#8217;in avantaj\u0131, halk inanc\u0131nda ki\u015fisel ve e\u015fsiz bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak zaten yerle\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Ba\u015fta ABD&#8217;li Metodistler ve Presbiteryanlerden olu\u015fan ikinci bir Protestan misyoner dalgas\u0131, bu se\u00e7imi 1880&#8217;ler ve 1890&#8217;larda benimsedi. 1885&#8217;te Seul&#8217;e gelen Horace Underwood ve Henry Appenzeller, \u0130ncil \u00e7evirilerinde ve lit\u00fcrjik pratikte Hananim&#8217;i kulland\u0131.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>B\u00f6ylece terim, 1900&#8217;e kadar Korece \u0130ncil&#8217;de k\u00f6kl\u00fc bi\u00e7imde yerle\u015fti; bu durum, di\u011fer hi\u00e7bir Do\u011fu Asya gelene\u011finde (\u00c7in, Japonya) kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir bir yerli \u00f6n tarihe sahip de\u011fildir.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d0280a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0d0280a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95d7af3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"95d7af3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hananim ve Katolik Gelenek<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f96e12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9f96e12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>18. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda \u00c7in&#8217;den Kore&#8217;ye ta\u015f\u0131nan eski Katolik gelenek, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Matteo Ricci taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131ma sokulan \u00c7ince k\u00f6kenli Cheonju (&#8220;G\u00f6\u011f\u00fcn Efendisi&#8221;) terimini benimsedi.<\/p><p>Bu terim, bug\u00fcn de Kore Katolik <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belirlenmi\u015f din\u00ee bir eylem dizisine ait.\" tabindex=\"0\">lit\u00fcrji<\/span>sinde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece Kore Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda mezhepsel bir tanr\u0131 ad\u0131 ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Protestanlar ona Hananim, Katolikler Cheonju der. Her iki terim de g\u00fcnl\u00fck dilde sa\u011flam bi\u00e7imde yerle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n<p>Bu tanr\u0131 ad\u0131 ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, din tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan dikkat \u00e7ekicidir ve son on y\u0131llarda ek\u00fcmenik tart\u0131\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Don Baker, farkl\u0131 tanr\u0131 adlar\u0131n\u0131n tercih edilmesinin salt bir \u00e7eviri meselesi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir; bu tercih, farkl\u0131 teolojik ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 da imlemektedir: Cheonju, hiyerar\u015fik-Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs\u00e7\u00fc gelene\u011fe; Hananim ise halk din\u00ee g\u00f6k takvas\u0131na ba\u011flanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-511364e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"511364e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8483d68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8483d68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yeni Din\u00ee Hareketler<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb2d9e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bb2d9e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hananim, ge\u00e7 Joseon d\u00f6nemi ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6neminin Koreli yeni din\u00ee hareketlerinde de merkezi bir rol oynamaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>1860&#8217;ta Choe Je-u taraf\u0131ndan kurulan Donghak hareketi, Hananim&#8217;in bir varyant\u0131 olan Hannolnim&#8217;i her insanda mevcut olan ki\u015file\u015ftirilmi\u015f G\u00f6k olarak y\u00fcceltti (\u00fcnl\u00fc &#8220;innaecheon&#8221;, &#8220;\u0130nsan g\u00f6kt\u00fcr&#8221; s\u00f6z\u00fcnde ifadesini bulur). Bu hareket 1894&#8217;te b\u00fcy\u00fck Donghak Ayaklanmas\u0131&#8217;na yol a\u00e7t\u0131 ve sonradan Cheondogyo ad\u0131yla kurumsalla\u015ft\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p>1909&#8217;da Dangun-Hwanin gelene\u011fini sistematik bi\u00e7imde form\u00fcle eden Daejonggyo da Hananim&#8217;i kutsal \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn en y\u00fcce tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 olarak kullanmaktad\u0131r. Sonraki d\u00f6nemde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Sun Myung Moon hareketi (Birle\u015fme Kilisesi) bu terimi Koreli Hristiyan gelene\u011finden devrald\u0131. Bu \u00e7e\u015fitlilik, Hananim&#8217;in din\u00ee bir s\u00f6ylem bi\u00e7imi olarak ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde a\u00e7\u0131k u\u00e7lu oldu\u011funu ve farkl\u0131 ak\u0131mlar\u0131n onu farkl\u0131 teolojik programlar i\u00e7in nas\u0131l kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8badfd1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8badfd1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-165c229 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"165c229\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hananim ile Cheonju'nun Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-616653e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"616653e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hananim ile Cheonju aras\u0131ndaki tercih yaln\u0131zca mezhepsel de\u011fil, dil tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da ele al\u0131nabilir. Hananim saf Korece bir terimken, Cheonju Sino-Korece bir t\u00fcrevdir. Bu dil farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131, inananlar\u0131n alg\u0131s\u0131na da yans\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Hananim tan\u0131d\u0131k, halk\u00e7a ve ki\u015fisel bir \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015f\u0131m ta\u015f\u0131rken Cheonju daha resmi, daha vakur ve yaz\u0131 diline \u00f6zg\u00fc olarak de\u011ferlendirilir. B\u00f6ylece her iki terim, aralar\u0131nda teolojik a\u00e7\u0131dan kesin bir hiyerar\u015fi bulunmaks\u0131z\u0131n farkl\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n<p>Antonetta Bruno, Kore din dili \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda bu ayr\u0131m\u0131n, Kore dindarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde bilin\u00e7li olarak korunan bir \u00e7okdillilik olarak anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bruno, bir dilin ayn\u0131 teolojik temel kategori i\u00e7in iki farkl\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc nas\u0131l bar\u0131nd\u0131rabilece\u011fini ve bunun nas\u0131l karga\u015faya yol a\u00e7mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f80e53 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7f80e53\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a56984 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7a56984\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed8050a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ed8050a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bug\u00fcn Hananim, Kore Protestan gelene\u011finde Hristiyan Tanr\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan standart terimdir. G\u00fcney Kore&#8217;deki on milyonu a\u015fk\u0131n Protestanla ve yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Kore kilisesi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bu terim son derece geni\u015f bir yay\u0131l\u0131m kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><p>Ayn\u0131 zamanda edebi ve din d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ba\u011flamlarda da genel bir tanr\u0131 ad\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmakta; \u015fiirde, g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00fcnlemlerde ve felsefi dilde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n<p>Terimin modern Korece s\u00f6z da\u011farc\u0131\u011f\u0131nda korunmas\u0131, \u00f6z\u00fcnde halk din\u00ee bir hitap bi\u00e7imi olan ve misyoner sahipleni\u015fiyle teolojik ana kategoriye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen bir s\u00fcrecin din tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kayda de\u011fer bir \u00f6rne\u011fidir.<\/p><p>James Grayson bu s\u00fcreci &#8220;d\u00fcnya genelindeki Hristiyan misyon tarihinde g\u00f6rece e\u015fsiz&#8221; olarak nitelendirmi\u015ftir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc di\u011fer dillerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funda \u0130ncil \u00e7evirmenleri ya yeni bir terim \u00fcretmek ya da mevcut bir terimi k\u00f6kl\u00fc bi\u00e7imde yeniden tan\u0131mlamak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kore \u00f6rne\u011finde ise mevcut terim b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00f6zg\u00fcn anlam\u0131n\u0131 korumu\u015f, Hristiyan kullan\u0131m\u0131yla yaln\u0131zca teolojik a\u00e7\u0131dan keskinle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93d633f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93d633f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e4d127 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4e4d127\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Durumu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c170e14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c170e14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hananim ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 ba\u015fta James Grayson, Don Baker, Boudewijn Walraven ve Antonetta Bruno taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmektedir. Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar son otuz y\u0131lda terimin tarihsel derinli\u011fini ve din tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemi g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><p>Halk din\u00ee, Hristiyan ve yeni din\u00ee metinlerden elde edilen t\u00fcm ilgili belgelerle birlikte sistematik bir s\u00f6zc\u00fck tarihi hen\u00fcz eksiksiz bi\u00e7imde ortaya konulamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Maurizio Riotto, Kore din tarihi \u00fczerine kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli makalelerde terimin Kuzey Asya Tengri gelene\u011fiyle ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f; ancak do\u011frudan bir \u00e7izginin kurulamayaca\u011f\u0131 \u015feklinde ihtiyatl\u0131 bir sonuca ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n<p>Daha geni\u015f bilimsel \u00e7er\u00e7evede Hananim, Mircea Eliade ve Wilhelm Schmidt&#8217;in 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 &#8220;ilk-tanr\u0131 sorunu&#8221; etraf\u0131ndaki kuramsal tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011fidir.<\/p><p>Sonradan ba\u015fka tanr\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6rt\u00fclen \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir y\u00fcce tanr\u0131 tezi, modern din ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda ele\u015ftiri alm\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte Kore bulgular\u0131na ili\u015fkin tart\u0131\u015fma \u00e7er\u00e7evesi olarak ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini korumaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Hananim, halk din\u00ee k\u00f6kenli bir y\u00fcce tanr\u0131 kavram\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca kapal\u0131 bir <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tanr\u0131 ve bir dinin inanc\u0131 \u00fczerine bilimsel \u00f6\u011freti.\" tabindex=\"0\">teoloji<\/span>ye yerle\u015ftirilmeksizin nas\u0131l varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebildi\u011fini ve d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelen teolojik programlarla nas\u0131l yeniden etkinle\u015ftirilebildi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75e7f10 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"75e7f10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac99849 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ac99849\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Donghak, Choe Je-u ve Hannolnim Teolojisi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-852ff55 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"852ff55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en \u00f6zg\u00fcn Koreli <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tanr\u0131 ve bir dinin inanc\u0131 \u00fczerine bilimsel \u00f6\u011freti.\" tabindex=\"0\">teolojisi<\/span>, Hananim&#8217;i esas al\u0131r. Donghak hareketinin (&#8220;Do\u011fu \u00d6\u011fretisi&#8221;) kurucusu Choe Je-u (1824-1864), 1860 y\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 mistik bir deneyimi aktarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; bu deneyimde G\u00f6k Efendisi Hannolnim ona i\u00e7sel g\u00f6k \u00f6\u011fretisini bildirmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>&#8220;Donggyeong daejeon&#8221; (1880) ve &#8220;Yongdam yusa&#8221;da (1881) derlenen metinleri, insanla g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcn birbirinden ayr\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 temel \u00f6\u011fretisini form\u00fcle eder. &#8220;Si cheonju&#8221; (&#8220;G\u00f6k Efendisi&#8217;ni i\u00e7inde ta\u015f\u0131mak&#8221;) \u015feklindeki merkezi ifade, halefi Choe Si-hyeong&#8217;da ve \u00f6zellikle Son Byong-hi&#8217;de &#8220;innaecheon&#8221; (&#8220;\u0130nsan g\u00f6kt\u00fcr&#8221;) \u015feklinde daha radikal bir form\u00fcle d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Bu teolojik tutum, toplumsal ele\u015ftiri prati\u011fiyle i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7ti ve Choe Je-u&#8217;nun 1864&#8217;te hayat\u0131na mal oldu; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f kilise \u00f6\u011fretisinden sapan bir inan\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc.\" tabindex=\"0\">sapk\u0131nl\u0131k<\/span> ve isyan gerek\u00e7esiyle idam edildi. Hareket 1894&#8217;te b\u00fcy\u00fck Donghak K\u00f6yl\u00fc Ayaklanmas\u0131&#8217;na yol a\u00e7t\u0131; ayaklanma ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta b\u00f6lgesel ba\u015far\u0131lar elde etti, ancak daha sonra Japon ve Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs\u00e7\u00fc-Koreli kuvvetler taraf\u0131ndan askeri olarak bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span><\/p><p>Don Baker ve Susan Shin, Donghak hareketi \u00fczerine yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda Donghak&#8217;\u0131n Hananim <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tanr\u0131 ve bir dinin inanc\u0131 \u00fczerine bilimsel \u00f6\u011freti.\" tabindex=\"0\">teolojisi<\/span>nin, Bat\u0131 Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ya da Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs\u00e7\u00fc saray k\u00fclt\u00fcne tabi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n modern bir din form\u00fcle etmeye y\u00f6nelik \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir Koreli giri\u015fimi temsil etti\u011fini ortaya koymu\u015ftur.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Son Byong-hi, hareketi 1905&#8217;te Cheondogyo (&#8220;G\u00f6ksel Yolun Dini&#8221;) olarak kurumsalla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131; bu hareket s\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6neminde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesinde, \u00f6zellikle 1919 Mart Hareketi&#8217;nde \u00f6nemli bir rol oynad\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d393860 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d393860\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-531e742 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"531e742\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kore'de Terim Sorunu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-794cfb9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"794cfb9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Protestan misyonerlerin Hananim tercihinin &#8220;Koreli Terim Sorunu&#8221; olarak an\u0131lmas\u0131, daha geni\u015f bir Do\u011fu Asya tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7in&#8217;de Shen, Shangdi ve Tianzhu aras\u0131ndaki benzer soru, Matteo Ricci&#8217;nin uyarlama giri\u015fimlerinden bu yana y\u00fczy\u0131llarca s\u00fcren tart\u0131\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p><p>Japonya&#8217;da misyonerler 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00e7eviri s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olarak <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Japon \u015einto'sunda y\u00fcceltilen ruhani varl\u0131klar ve ilah\u00ee g\u00fc\u00e7ler.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kami<\/span>&#8216;yi tercih etti; bu se\u00e7im \u00f6nemli anlam kay\u0131plar\u0131na neden oldu. Kore \u00f6rne\u011finde ise mesele g\u00f6rece h\u0131zl\u0131 ve uzla\u015f\u0131yla sonu\u00e7land\u0131; Don Baker bunu, halk din\u00ee Hananim&#8217;in ki\u015fisel bir y\u00fcce tanr\u0131 kavram\u0131na yap\u0131sal yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>John Ross, 1877&#8217;de &#8220;Corean Primer&#8221;\u0131 ve 1882&#8217;de Yunanca Yeni Ahit&#8217;ten yap\u0131lan ilk \u0130ncil \u00e7evirilerini yay\u0131mlad\u0131. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma grubunu, ilk Koreli m\u00fchtediler Seo Sang-ryun ve Baek Hong-jun olu\u015fturuyordu.<\/span><\/p><p>Ross, Hananim tercihini Kore halk\u0131n\u0131n &#8220;en y\u00fcce tanr\u0131y\u0131 bu ad alt\u0131nda zaten tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131&#8221; gerek\u00e7esiyle temellendirdi; sonraki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar bu tespiti do\u011fru ama teolojik a\u00e7\u0131dan keskinle\u015ftirilmi\u015f olarak de\u011ferlendirmektedir.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Amerikal\u0131 ilahiyat\u00e7\u0131 James Scarth Gale, &#8220;Korean Sketches&#8221; (1898) ve &#8220;The Cloud Dream of the Nine&#8221; (1922) adl\u0131 eserlerinde Hananim&#8217;in \u0130ngilizce konu\u015fulan d\u00fcnyaya edebi aktar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirdi.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0904447 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0904447\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ea33b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ea33b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Modern Teoloji ve K\u00fclt\u00fcrde Hananim<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf2fc1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cf2fc1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>20. ve 21. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Hananim, bir\u00e7ok teolojik i\u015flemeden ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Suh Nam-dong ve <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir\u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrde koruyucu g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak sayg\u0131 g\u00f6ren ata.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ahn<\/span> Byung-mu \u00f6nderli\u011finde 1970&#8217;li ve 1980&#8217;li y\u0131llarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Kore Minjung <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir dinin Tanr\u0131'ya ve inanc\u0131na dair bilimsel \u00f6\u011fretisi.\" tabindex=\"0\">teolojisi<\/span>, bir kurtulu\u015f teolojisi olarak Hananim&#8217;i ezilenlerin ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclenlerin Tanr\u0131s\u0131 ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirmi\u015f; onu Kore halk\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik, sava\u015f ve diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck alt\u0131ndaki kolektif ac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden Han deneyimiyle ili\u015fkilendirmi\u015ftir.<\/p> <p>Bu ilahiyatsal Hananim ile sosyal ac\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f, Kore Protestan kimli\u011fini bug\u00fcne kadar \u015fekillendirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, \u00f6zellikle Cho Yonggi&#8217;nin (1936 ile 2021) Yoido Tam \u0130ncil Kilisesi olmak \u00fczere Kore Pentekostal kiliselerinin <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir dinin Tanr\u0131'ya ve inanc\u0131na dair bilimsel \u00f6\u011fretisi.\" tabindex=\"0\">ilahiyat\u0131<\/span>, Hananim&#8217;i maddi ve ruhsal nimetlerin bereketli vericisi olarak nitelendirmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p> <p>Her iki yorum da, sosyal olan ve refah teolojisine dayanan, Hananim&#8217;i modern dini bilincin derinliklerine Korece bir Tanr\u0131 ad\u0131 olarak yerle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Sebastian Kim, James Grayson ve Robert Buswell, modern Kore dindarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda bu Hananim sahiplenimlerinin \u00e7ok katmanl\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 belgelemi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f594dd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2f594dd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f84ec19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f84ec19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kaynaklar ve Literat\u00fcr<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5fcbcf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c5fcbcf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Birincil kaynaklar: Choe Je-u, &#8220;Donggyeong daejeon&#8221; (\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra 1880) ve &#8220;Yongdam yusa&#8221; (\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra 1881); John Ross, &#8220;History of Corea, Ancient and Modern&#8221; (Paisley 1879) ve &#8220;Corean Primer&#8221; (Shanghai 1877); James Scarth Gale, &#8220;Korean Sketches&#8221; (New York 1898); Horace G. Underwood, &#8220;The Religions of Eastern Asia&#8221; (New York 1910).<\/span><\/p><p>\u0130kincil literat\u00fcr:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>James H. Grayson, &#8220;Korea: A Religious History&#8221; (Oxford 1989, 2002) ve &#8220;Early Buddhism and Christianity in Korea&#8221; (Leiden 1985).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Don Baker, &#8220;Korean Spirituality&#8221; (Honolulu 2008) ve &#8220;Catholics and Anti-Catholicism in Choson Korea&#8221; (Honolulu 2017).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Boudewijn Walraven, &#8220;Songs of the Shaman&#8221; (London 1994).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Susan Shin, &#8220;Tonghak Thought: The Roots of Revolution&#8221;, in &#8220;Korea Journal&#8221; 19 (1979).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Sebastian Kim, &#8220;In Search of Identity: Debates on Religious Conversion in India&#8221; ile Koreli kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri (Oxford 2003).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>George Paik, &#8220;The History of Protestant Missions in Korea 1832-1910&#8221; (Pyongyang 1929, yeni bask\u0131 Seoul 1980).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span data-nosnippet>Terim Sorunu i\u00e7in bkz. Sung-Deuk Oak, &#8220;The Making of Korean Christianity&#8221; (Waco 2013).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hananim, Kore \u015famanizminin en y\u00fcce tanr\u0131s\u0131 Hananim (Korece \ud558\ub098\ub2d8), &#8220;G\u00f6k Efendisi&#8221; veya &#8220;En Y\u00fcce Tanr\u0131&#8221; anlam\u0131na gelen modern Korece bir terimdir. Kurulu\u015f mitosuna ait mitolojik k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir fig\u00fcr olan Hwanin&#8217;den farkl\u0131 olarak Hananim, din tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan g\u00f6rece yeni bir kavramd\u0131r; 19. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren ba\u015fta Hristiyan, yeni din\u00ee ve halk-manev\u00ee ba\u011flamlarda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Hananim&#8217;in merkezi bir tanr\u0131 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3243,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Hananim","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Hananim - Kore'nin En Y\u00fcce Tanr\u0131s\u0131 | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Hananim, Kore \u015famanizmine g\u00f6re en y\u00fcce g\u00f6k tanr\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r; evrenin yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak Hristiyanl\u0131kta da tanr\u0131 ad\u0131 olarak benimsenmi\u015ftir.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-73438","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ 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