{"id":73034,"date":"2026-08-01T22:26:57","date_gmt":"2026-08-01T22:26:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/preta-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-01T22:27:19","modified_gmt":"2026-08-01T22:27:19","slug":"preta","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/preta\/","title":{"rendered":"Preta"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"73034\" class=\"elementor elementor-73034 elementor-1208\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Preta, Budist Gelene\u011fin A\u00e7l\u0131k Ruhu<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Preta, Budist gelene\u011fin <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"D\u00fcnyada etki g\u00f6stermesi atfedilen bedensiz varl\u0131k.\" tabindex=\"0\">ruhudur<\/span>.<\/p><p><strong>\u0130\u011fne deli\u011fi kadar ince bo\u011fazl\u0131 a\u00e7l\u0131k ruhu; a\u00e7g\u00f6zl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn karmik fig\u00fcr\u00fc.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Ruh: Bedensiz veya yar\u0131 bedensiz varl\u0131k; \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015fler, do\u011fa varl\u0131klar\u0131, ev ruhlar\u0131 veya e\u015fik bek\u00e7ileri. G\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famda etki g\u00f6sterir, \u00e7o\u011funlukla yerlere ya da ailelere ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.\">Ruh<\/span><a href=\"\/tr\/budizm\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bodhisattvalar, koruyucu tanr\u0131lar, a\u00e7l\u0131k ruhlar\u0131 ve cehennem bek\u00e7ileriyle Budist gelenek.\">Budizm<\/a><a href=\"\/tr\/olum-ruhlari\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Ruh: Bedensiz veya yar\u0131 bedensiz varl\u0131k; \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015fler, do\u011fa varl\u0131klar\u0131, ev ruhlar\u0131 veya e\u015fik bek\u00e7ileri. G\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famda etki g\u00f6sterir, \u00e7o\u011funlukla yerlere ya da ailelere ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.\">\u00d6l\u00fc Ruhu<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Bu sayfada ba\\u015fl\\u0131k bulunamad\\u0131.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0130\u00e7indekiler\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_buddhismus_preta-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1678\" alt=\"Preta - Geister aus der Buddhismus-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_buddhismus_preta-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_buddhismus_preta-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_buddhismus_preta-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_buddhismus_preta.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Preta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Preta (Pali: Peta), Budist <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr i\u00e7inde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 ve d\u00fczeni hakk\u0131ndaki tasar\u0131m.\" tabindex=\"0\">kozmolojisinin<\/span> en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 fig\u00fcrlerinden biridir. \u015ei\u015fkin kar\u0131nl\u0131, i\u011fne deli\u011fi kadar ince bo\u011fazl\u0131 bir a\u00e7l\u0131k ruhu; g\u00f6rebilen ve arzulayan, ancak yiyip i\u00e7emeyen bir varl\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p><p>Bu fig\u00fcr, karmik a\u00e7g\u00f6zl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n simgesi h\u00e2line gelmi\u015ftir: Ya\u015farken ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 reddeden, cimri davranan, sadakay\u0131\u6a2a\u6d41\u6a2a\u6d41 zimmete ge\u00e7iren ki\u015fi, Preta d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda yeniden do\u011far ve buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen yoksunlu\u011fu ya\u015far.<\/p><p>Petavatthu metinlerinde (Pali Kanonu&#8217;nun bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc) Budist ustalar, eski eylemlerini itiraf eden Pretalarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 aktar\u0131r. Ullambana <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hinduizm ve Budizm'de \u00f6zl\u00fc bi\u00e7imde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00f6\u011freti metni.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutras\u0131<\/span> (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"'B\u00fcy\u00fck Ara\u00e7'; Bodhisattva ideali ve geli\u015fmi\u015f felsefi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyle Budizm'in \u00fc\u00e7 ana gelene\u011finden biri.\">Mahayana<\/span>) Maudgalyayana&#8217;n\u0131n vefat etmi\u015f annesini Preta h\u00e2linde g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve onu yaln\u0131zca Sangha&#8217;n\u0131n ortak <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u015e\u00fckran, dilek veya sayg\u0131y\u0131 dile getirmek amac\u0131yla bir tanr\u0131ya sunulan arma\u011fan.\" tabindex=\"0\">adak<\/span> g\u00fcc\u00fcyle kurtarabildi\u011fini anlat\u0131r.<\/p><p>Bu anlat\u0131dan d\u00fcnya genelinde kutlanan A\u00e7l\u0131k Ruhlar\u0131 Festivali (Ullambana, \u00c7ince Yulanpen, Japonca Obon) do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Bu \u00f6zelli\u011fiyle Preta, pek \u00e7ok di\u011fer iblisin aksine, y\u0131ll\u0131k takvimin rit\u00fcel uygulamalar\u0131yla yak\u0131ndan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bir Bak\u0131\u015fta: Preta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>T\u00fcr:<\/strong> A\u00e7l\u0131k ruhu, Budist yeniden do\u011fu\u015f<br>K\u00f6ken: Cimrilik, k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131k, a\u00e7g\u00f6zl\u00fcl\u00fck ve sadaka k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n karmik sonucu<br>Metinler: Petavatthu (Pali), Ullambana <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hinduizm ve Budizm'de \u00f6zl\u00fc bi\u00e7imde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00f6\u011freti metni.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutras\u0131<\/span>, Jatakalar<br>D\u00f6nem: M.\u00d6. 5. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze<br>Merkezi Festival: A\u00e7l\u0131k Ruhlar\u0131 Festivali \/ Ullambana \/ Obon<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Metinlerin D\u00f6nemi<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pali <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir dinin kutsal yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 olarak tan\u0131nan derlemesi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kanonu&#8217;nda<\/span> M.\u00d6. 3. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren Petavatthu ile i\u015flenmi\u015ftir. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"B\u00fcy\u00fck Ara\u00e7; Bodhisattva idealiyle Budizm'in \u00fc\u00e7 ana gelene\u011finden biri.\">Mahayana<\/span> gelene\u011fi, Ullambana <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hinduizm ve Budizm'de \u00f6zl\u00fc bi\u00e7imde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00f6\u011freti metni.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutras\u0131<\/span> arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla geni\u015flemi\u015ftir (erken Hristiyan takvimi, \u00c7inceye M.S. 3. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir). A\u00e7l\u0131k Ruhlar\u0131 Festivali \u00c7in&#8217;de Tang d\u00f6neminden, Japonya&#8217;da Obon olarak Nara d\u00f6neminden itibaren yerle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Modern d\u00f6nemde kesintisiz s\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yay\u0131l\u0131m Alan\u0131<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Theravada: Sri Lanka, Tayland, Myanmar, Laos, Kambo\u00e7ya (burada yerel ata k\u00fcltleriyle i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir). Mahayana: \u00c7in, Kore, Japonya, Vietnam (\u00f6zellikle burada etkin bi\u00e7imde ya\u015fat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r). <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"'Elmas Ara\u00e7'; merkezinde Yidam prati\u011fi ve mantra tekni\u011fi bulunan, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak Tibet'te g\u00f6r\u00fclen Mahayana Budizminin tantrik bi\u00e7imi.\">Vajrayana<\/span>: Tibet, Mo\u011folistan. Macar, Mo\u011fol ve Kazak Budist topluluklar\u0131. Modern diaspora topluluklar\u0131 d\u00fcnya genelinde.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kaynak Durumu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Petavatthu (Pali, Khuddaka Nikaya&#8217;n\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc), Vimanavatthu (tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131t olarak), Ullambana <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hinduizm ve Budizm'de \u00f6zl\u00fc bi\u00e7imde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00f6\u011freti metni.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutras\u0131<\/span> (Sanskrit\u00e7e\/\u00c7ince), Jatakalar, Tibet \u00f6l\u00fcler kitab\u0131 gelenekleri, A\u00e7l\u0131k Ruhlar\u0131 Festivali \u00fczerine modern etnografya.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ad ve Varyantlar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sanskrit\u00e7e:<\/strong> <em>preta<\/em>; Pali <em>peta<\/em>; di\u015fil bi\u00e7im <em>pretani<\/em>.<br>\u00c7ince: \u9913\u9b3c (<em>E Gui<\/em>, &#8220;a\u00e7 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"D\u00fcnyada etki g\u00f6stermesi atfedilen bedensiz varl\u0131k.\" tabindex=\"0\">ruh<\/span>&#8220;).<br>Japonca: <em>Gaki<\/em>.<br>Tibet\u00e7e: <em>yidag<\/em>.<br>Etimoloji: <em>pra-i<\/em> &#8220;\u00f6ne gitmek&#8221; k\u00f6k\u00fcnden, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta &#8220;vefat eden&#8221; anlam\u0131nda, sonradan a\u00e7l\u0131k ruhu s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na \u00f6zg\u00fclenmi\u015ftir.<\/p><p>Bu kavram geli\u015fimi \u00e7ok iyi yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r: Vedik d\u00f6nemde <em>preta<\/em> yeniden do\u011fu\u015ftan \u00f6nceki ara evrede bulunan \u00f6l\u00fc ki\u015fiyi sade bi\u00e7imde ifade ediyordu. Budizm bu kavram\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fclledi: Belirli \u00f6l\u00fcler, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Hinduizm, Budizm ve Jainizm'de eylem-sonu\u00e7 yasas\u0131: Her eylem sonraki varolu\u015flar \u00fczerinde etki b\u0131rak\u0131r.\">karma<\/span>lar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak a\u00e7l\u0131k ruhlar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Bu \u00f6zg\u00fclleme sonucunda Preta s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00d6zellikler<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm<\/strong><\/p><p>Dev \u015fi\u015fkin kar\u0131n, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck a\u011f\u0131z ve i\u011fne deli\u011fi kadar ince bo\u011faz, ince uzuvlar. A\u00e7 ve h\u0131rsl\u0131 bir bak\u0131\u015f; \u00e7o\u011funlukla alevli a\u011f\u0131z (t\u00fcm i\u00e7ecek ate\u015fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr). Klasik iblis \u00f6\u011fretisine g\u00f6re her biri kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc ac\u0131lar\u0131 olan 36 Preta s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p><p><strong>Davran\u0131\u015f<\/strong><\/p><p>S\u00fcrekli besin arar, ancak yiyemez. Daima a\u00e7 kalmaya mahkumdur. Suyu irin olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr; yiyeceklerin yand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u015e\u00fckran, dilek veya sayg\u0131y\u0131 dile getirmek amac\u0131yla bir tanr\u0131ya sunulan arma\u011fan.\" tabindex=\"0\">Adak<\/span> sunular\u0131n\u0131n kokusuna do\u011fru \u00e7ekilir.<\/p><p><strong>Etki Alan\u0131<\/strong><\/p><p>Budist <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr i\u00e7inde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 ve d\u00fczeni hakk\u0131ndaki tasar\u0131m.\" tabindex=\"0\">kozmolojisinde<\/span> kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc Pretaloka (Preta D\u00fcnyas\u0131) bulunur; insan d\u00fcnyas\u0131yla ayn\u0131 alan\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131r ancak farkl\u0131 bir alg\u0131yla. \u00c7o\u011funlukla eski ya\u015fam yerlerinin yak\u0131n\u0131nda bulunur. \u00c7in gelene\u011finde yedinci ay d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcnde yeralt\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndan &#8220;serbest b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r&#8221;.<\/p><p><strong>Mitolojik S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma<\/strong><\/p><p>Bir yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f de\u011fil, yeniden do\u011fu\u015f sonucudur. Cimrilik, k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131k, sadaka h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve din\u00ee sunular\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r. Preta varolu\u015funun s\u00fcresi, karmik a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kla belirlenir; genellikle \u00e7ok uzundur, baz\u0131 metinler Kalpalardan s\u00f6z eder.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00d6zet Bilgi: Preta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Preta&#8217;n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli y\u00f6nlerine bir bak\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">K\u00f6ken<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cimrilik, k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131k ve sunular\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan kaynaklanan karmik yeniden do\u011fu\u015f. Bir yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f de\u011fil, Budist <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr i\u00e7inde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 ve d\u00fczeni hakk\u0131ndaki tasar\u0131m.\" tabindex=\"0\">kozmolojisindeki<\/span> bir varolu\u015f bi\u00e7imidir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Preta'n\u0131n Hedef Kitlesi<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Olumsuz karma birikimi olan eski insanlar. Sonraki geleneklerde belirli yerlere ve ailelere ba\u011fl\u0131 Pretalar da (Ata Pretalar\u0131) yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bi\u00e7im<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u015ei\u015fkin kar\u0131n, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck a\u011f\u0131z, i\u011fne deli\u011fi kadar ince bo\u011faz, ince uzuvlar. Baz\u0131 betimlemelerde alevli a\u011f\u0131z. Her biri kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc ac\u0131larla 36 s\u0131n\u0131f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0130\u015flev<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sonsuza dek a\u00e7, yiyemez. A\u00e7g\u00f6zl\u00fcl\u00fckle ya\u015fayanlar\u0131 kovalar, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u015e\u00fckran, dilek veya sayg\u0131y\u0131 dile getirmek amac\u0131yla bir tanr\u0131ya sunulan arma\u011fan.\" tabindex=\"0\">adak<\/span> sunular\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131r. Atalara gereken \u00f6nemi vermeyen evlerde hastal\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Korunma<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Adaklar ve Ullambana <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Din\u00ee veya k\u00fclt\u00fcrel anlam ta\u015f\u0131yan, kurallara ba\u011fl\u0131 sembolik eylemler dizisi.\" tabindex=\"0\">rit\u00fceli<\/span> (ad\u0131 an\u0131lan Pretalar i\u00e7in), Ullambana <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hinduizm ve Budizm'de \u00f6zl\u00fc bi\u00e7imde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00f6\u011freti metni.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutras\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n<\/span> okunmas\u0131, su ve pirin\u00e7 sunusu. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Elmas Ara\u00e7; merkezinde Yidam prati\u011fi bulunan, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak Tibet'te g\u00f6r\u00fclen Mahayana Budizminin tantrik bi\u00e7imi.\">Vajrayana&#8217;da<\/span>: T\u00fcm varl\u0131klara payla\u015f\u0131lan <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u015e\u00fckran, dilek veya sayg\u0131y\u0131 dile getirmek amac\u0131yla bir tanr\u0131ya sunulan arma\u011fan.\" tabindex=\"0\">adak<\/span> sunular\u0131yla Tsok <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Din\u00ee veya k\u00fclt\u00fcrel anlam ta\u015f\u0131yan, kurallara ba\u011fl\u0131 sembolik eylemler dizisi.\" tabindex=\"0\">rit\u00fceli<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Preta'n\u0131n Paralelleri<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>E Gui (\u00c7ince), Gaki (Japonca), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/edimmu\/\">Edimmu<\/a>, Pishacha; yap\u0131sal a\u00e7\u0131dan benzer ge\u00e7i\u015f ruhlar\u0131 olarak Hristiyan Araf fig\u00fcrleri.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rit\u00fcel ve Festival<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ullambana \/ A\u00e7l\u0131k Ruhlar\u0131 Festivali<\/strong><\/p><p>Yedinci ay d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcnde (genellikle A\u011fustos) <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bilginin ve anlat\u0131lar\u0131n nesiller boyunca aktar\u0131lmas\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">gelene\u011fe<\/span> g\u00f6re yeralt\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r ve Pretalar d\u00fcnyaya \u00e7\u0131kar. \u0130nananlar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u015e\u00fckran, dilek veya sayg\u0131y\u0131 dile getirmek amac\u0131yla bir tanr\u0131ya sunulan arma\u011fan.\" tabindex=\"0\">adak<\/span> sunar, Sutralar okur, sunak kurar. Budist ve Taoist gelenekler, Do\u011fu Asya&#8217;n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck halk dindarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 festivallerinden birinde i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7er.<\/p><p><strong>Japonya&#8217;da Obon<\/strong><\/p><p>Atalar, Obon d\u00f6neminde (genellikle 13-16 A\u011fustos) kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r. Bon Odori danslar\u0131, ev kap\u0131lar\u0131nda yak\u0131lan ate\u015fler, mezar ziyaretleri. Anne fig\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn kurtulu\u015funa ili\u015fkin ba\u011flant\u0131 (Mulian\/Maudgalyayana <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tanr\u0131lar, k\u00f6kenler ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00fczeni hakk\u0131nda ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa aktar\u0131lan anlat\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitosu<\/span>) duygusal a\u00e7\u0131dan y\u00fckl\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p><p><strong>G\u00fcnl\u00fck Hayatta <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Din\u00ee veya k\u00fclt\u00fcrel anlam ta\u015f\u0131yan, kurallara ba\u011fl\u0131 sembolik eylemler dizisi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Rit\u00fcel<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p>Theravada&#8217;da: Pindapata \u00f6\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcnde Pretalar i\u00e7in su sunusu. Vajrayana&#8217;da: Sur duman <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u015e\u00fckran, dilek veya sayg\u0131y\u0131 dile getirmek amac\u0131yla bir tanr\u0131ya sunulan arma\u011fan.\" tabindex=\"0\">ada\u011f\u0131<\/span> ve adak prati\u011finin par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak g\u00fcnl\u00fck &#8220;Pretas&#8217;\u0131 Besleme&#8221;. Mahayana&#8217;da: Vefat eden yak\u0131nlar\u0131n adlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenli <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hinduizm ve Budizm'de \u00f6zl\u00fc bi\u00e7imde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00f6\u011freti metni.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span> okumas\u0131 i\u00e7in manast\u0131rlara iletilmesi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paraleller ve Modern D\u00f6nem<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>K\u00fclt\u00fcrler Aras\u0131 A\u00e7l\u0131k Ruhlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p><p>E Gui (\u00c7in) ve Gaki (Japonya), do\u011frudan \u00e7eviri ve Do\u011fu Asya bi\u00e7imlendirmesinde ayn\u0131 fig\u00fcrd\u00fcr. Pishacha (Hinduizm), le\u015f yiyici \u00f6zg\u00fcll\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle a\u00e7l\u0131k <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sanatta veya anlat\u0131da yinelenen i\u00e7erik unsuru.\" tabindex=\"0\">motifini<\/span> payla\u015f\u0131r. <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/edimmu\/\">Edimmu<\/a> ve Roma Lemurlar\u0131 yap\u0131sal a\u00e7\u0131dan benzer ge\u00e7i\u015f ruhlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><p><strong>Psikolojik ve Ekolojik Yorum:<\/strong> Modern Budist \u00f6\u011fretmenler (Thich Nhat Hanh) Pretalar\u0131 psikolojik olarak da yorumlar: maddi varl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131n sonsuz tatminsizlik h\u00e2li. Ekolojik ba\u011flamda Preta, doyumsuz t\u00fcketimin imgesi olarak okunur; \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f a\u00e7\u0131dan son derece etkili bir \u00f6\u011freti fig\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p><p><strong>Pop\u00fcler K\u00fclt\u00fcr:<\/strong> Japon anime ve mangalar\u0131 Gaki motiflerini d\u00fczenli olarak al\u0131nt\u0131lar. A\u00e7l\u0131k Ruhlar\u0131 Festivali ticarile\u015fmi\u015f olmakla birlikte din\u00ee \u00f6nemini korumaktad\u0131r. Bat\u0131 fantezisinde Pretalar \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir canavar olarak uyarlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26fd4bd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp26fd4bd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ca3f66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2ca3f66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Preta Varolu\u015funun Karma D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesindeki Temeli<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb5a782f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpb5a782f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf49c5ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpf49c5ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Preta<\/em> (Pali <em>peta<\/em>) olarak yeniden do\u011fu\u015f, Budist evreninde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f bir eylemler demetinin sonucu olarak kabul edilir. Pali Kanonu&#8217;nun Khuddaka Nikaya b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki elli bir hayalet \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcnden olu\u015fan <em>Petavatthu<\/em> gibi metinler, a\u00e7l\u0131k ruhu \u00e2leminde do\u011fu\u015fu a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak cimrilik, hasislik, sadaka reddi ve yoksullardan yiyecek esirgemeye ba\u011flar.<\/p><p>Ceza eylemi yans\u0131t\u0131r: Ya\u015farken hi\u00e7bir \u015fey vermeyenler, i\u011fne kadar ince bir bo\u011faz ve devasa bir karn\u0131 olan, asla doyamayan varl\u0131klar olarak ac\u0131 \u00e7eker.<\/p><p>Bu aynalama ili\u015fkisi rastlant\u0131 de\u011fil, karmik etkinin nedenin niteli\u011fine uygun oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011freten Budist anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n bir d\u0131\u015favurumudur. <em>Petavatthu<\/em>, misafirlere bozulmu\u015f yemek veren ve \u015fimdi kendileri irin ile d\u0131\u015fk\u0131 yemek zorunda kalan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ya da rahiplere hakaret eden ve \u015fimdi \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f a\u011fz\u0131yla dola\u015fan bir adam\u0131n \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc anlat\u0131r.<\/p><p>Dhammapala&#8217;n\u0131n yorumu olan <em>Petavatthu-atthakatha<\/em>, her \u00f6yk\u00fcy\u00fc somut bir su\u00e7a ba\u011flar ve b\u00f6ylece bu derlemeleri bir ahlak ders kitab\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p><p>Zamansal s\u0131n\u0131r \u00f6nemlidir. Son derece uzun ama yine de s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 s\u00fcreler kapsayan cehennem do\u011fu\u015funun aksine, Preta varolu\u015fu kalan iyi karma ya da ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n erdem aktar\u0131m\u0131 sayesinde k\u0131salt\u0131labilen bir h\u00e2l olarak kabul edilir.<\/p><p>B\u00f6ylece a\u00e7l\u0131k ruhu \u00e2lemi, alt\u0131 varolu\u015f alan\u0131 aras\u0131nda cehennem varl\u0131klar\u0131 ile hayvanlar aras\u0131nda orta bir konuma oturur. Buras\u0131 yoksunluk yeridir, etkin i\u015fkence yeri de\u011fil.<\/p><p>Budist etik buradan \u00e7ifte bir ders \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. Bir yanda Preta imgesi cimrili\u011fi cayd\u0131rmaya hizmet eder. \u00d6te yanda, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f prati\u011finin (<em>dana<\/em>) temelini olu\u015fturur: C\u00f6mertlik, a\u00e7l\u0131k ruhu \u00e2lemine g\u00f6t\u00fcrmeyen yoldur.<\/p><p>Preta bu nedenle bir korku fig\u00fcr\u00fcnden \u00e7ok, eylem ile sonu\u00e7 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi somut bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne seren bir \u00f6\u011freti fig\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9f2f2ce e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp9f2f2ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf68fe07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf68fe07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hayalet Festivali ve Erdem Aktar\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp11fbd0f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp11fbd0f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6817619 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp6817619\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A\u00e7l\u0131k ruhlar\u0131n\u0131n rit\u00fcel olarak beslenmesi, Budizm&#8217;in en eski ve en yayg\u0131n pratiklerinden biridir. Kanonik dayana\u011f\u0131, Khuddaka Nikaya&#8217;daki <em>Tirokudda Sutta&#8217;da<\/em> bulunur; burada Buda, \u00f6len akrabalar ad\u0131na manast\u0131r cemaatine yap\u0131lan ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n Preta olarak yeniden do\u011fan yak\u0131nlara fayda sa\u011flayabilece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klar.<\/p><p>Bu mekanizma erdem aktar\u0131m\u0131 (<em>pattidana<\/em>) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r: Ya\u015fayan ki\u015fi iyi bir eylemle erdem \u00fcretir ve bunu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u00f6l\u00fcye adar; \u00f6l\u00fc bundan sevin\u00e7 duyar ve b\u00f6ylece y\u00fck\u00fc hafifler.<\/p><p>Bu fikirden Do\u011fu Asya&#8217;daki b\u00fcy\u00fck hayalet festivali do\u011fdu.<\/p><p>\u00c7in&#8217;de <em>Yulanpen<\/em> ad\u0131yla yedinci ay d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcnde kutlan\u0131r; Japonya&#8217;da <em>Obon<\/em> olarak bilinir.<\/p><p>Temel metin, ke\u015fi\u015f Maudgalyayana&#8217;n\u0131n \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc anlatan <em>Yulanpen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hinduizm ve Budizm'de \u00f6zl\u00fc bi\u00e7imde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00f6\u011freti metni.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutras\u0131&#8217;d\u0131r<\/span><\/em>: Maudgalyayana, do\u011fa\u00fcst\u00fc bak\u0131\u015f\u0131yla vefat etmi\u015f annesinin a\u00e7l\u0131k ruhu olarak ac\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcr ve onu tek ba\u015f\u0131na kurtaramaz; ya\u011fmur mevsiminin sonunda t\u00fcm manast\u0131r cemaatinin ortak <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir tanr\u0131ya sunulan somut nesne ya da yiyecek.\" tabindex=\"0\">adak sunusuyla<\/span> ancak kurtulu\u015f m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olur.<\/p><p>Festival bu sayede \u00e7ocuksal sayg\u0131y\u0131 Budist kurtulu\u015f anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla birle\u015ftirir.<\/p><p>Uygulamada festival s\u00fcresince yiyecek, i\u00e7ecek ve sembolik para sunulur, Sutralar okunur, kandiller yak\u0131l\u0131r. Theravada Budizm d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda Sri Lanka ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya&#8217;da genellikle yedinci g\u00fcnde, \u00fc\u00e7 ayda bir ve bir y\u0131l sonra \u00f6l\u00fcler ad\u0131na rahiplere kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen sadaka verilir.<\/p><p>Tibet Budizmi, yak\u0131lan yiyeceklerden \u00e7\u0131kan duman\u0131n a\u00e7l\u0131k ruhlar\u0131n\u0131 beslemesi amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lan <em>sur<\/em> adl\u0131 duman <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Din\u00ee veya k\u00fclt\u00fcrel anlam ta\u015f\u0131yan, kurallara ba\u011fl\u0131 sembolik eylemler dizisi.\" tabindex=\"0\">rit\u00fcelini<\/span> bilir; zira bu ruhlar\u0131n daralm\u0131\u015f bo\u011faz\u0131 kat\u0131 besinleri kabul edemez.<\/p><p>Bu rit\u00fceller, Pretan\u0131n ya\u015fayan Budizmde uzak bir \u00f6\u011freti fig\u00fcr\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kendisiyle kal\u0131c\u0131 bir ili\u015fki s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen bir varl\u0131k oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. \u00d6l\u00fc ailenin par\u00e7as\u0131 olmaya devam eder ve onun beslenmesi geride kalanlar\u0131n bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe6c2679 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpe6c2679\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp463f07c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp463f07c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ya\u015fam \u00c7ark\u0131ndaki \u0130konografik Betimleme<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb0d1ef8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpb0d1ef8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp072efc4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp072efc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A\u00e7l\u0131k ruhlar\u0131n\u0131n en yayg\u0131n imgesi, pek \u00e7ok Tibet manast\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n giri\u015fini s\u00fcsleyen Budist ya\u015fam \u00e7ark\u0131 olan <em>bhavachakra&#8217;da<\/em> yer al\u0131r. \u00c7ark alt\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; bunlardan biri Preta \u00e2lemini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p><p>\u0130konografik gelenek belirlidir: ince uzuvlar, \u015fi\u015fkin kar\u0131n, uzun ince boyun ve i\u011fne deli\u011fi kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir a\u011f\u0131z. Bu anatomi cezay\u0131 g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr k\u0131lar; a\u00e7l\u0131k dindirilemez, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc beden besini alamaz.<\/p><p>Resimlerde \u00e7o\u011funlukla Pretas&#8217;a g\u00f6r\u00fcnen ve onlara iyile\u015ftirici \u00f6\u011freti ya da besin sunan bir Buda fig\u00fcr\u00fc yer al\u0131r. Bu fig\u00fcr genellikle k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ya da sar\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde betimlenir ve a\u00e7l\u0131k ruhu \u00e2leminde bile kurtulu\u015f yolunun tamamen kapanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 simgeler.<\/p><p>Preta \u00e2leminin manzaras\u0131, i\u00e7meye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda irine, kana ya da ate\u015fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen \u0131rmaklarla kuru ve kupkuru bir ova olarak tasvir edilir.<\/p><p>Tibet metinleri a\u00e7l\u0131k ruhlar\u0131n\u0131 daha da ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ele al\u0131r. Yayg\u0131n bir s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma; yiyecek bulamayan d\u0131\u015f engelli Pretalar\u0131, bedeninin al\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6nledi\u011fi i\u00e7 engelli Pretalar\u0131 ve besinin kendisinin \u0131st\u0131rap kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu Pretalar\u0131 birbirinden ay\u0131r\u0131r. Bu dizgeli s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmaya on ikinci y\u00fczy\u0131ldan Gampopa&#8217;n\u0131n <em>Kurtulu\u015fun M\u00fccevher S\u00fcs\u00fc<\/em> adl\u0131 eserinde rastlan\u0131r.<\/p><p>Do\u011fu Asya sanat\u0131nda a\u00e7l\u0131k ruhlar\u0131 ya\u015fam \u00e7ark\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar. Heian d\u00f6nemine ait Japon resimli rulosu <em>Gaki-zoshi<\/em>, bug\u00fcn Tokyo ve Kyoto m\u00fczelerinde sergilenmekte olup bir dizi sahnede mezarl\u0131klarda, hel\u00e2larda ve adak alanlar\u0131nda bulunan ve normal insanlar aras\u0131nda fark edilmeden ya\u015fayan a\u00e7l\u0131k ruhlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p><p>Bu rulo, orta\u00e7a\u011f Japon resminin ba\u015fyap\u0131tlar\u0131ndan biri say\u0131l\u0131r ve bu tasar\u0131m\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fama ne denli somut bi\u00e7imde k\u00f6k sald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlar.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp653e979 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp653e979\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf700548 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf700548\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Budizm \u00d6ncesi K\u00f6kenler ve Vedik Preta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa99ec33 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpa99ec33\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8d0367b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp8d0367b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Preta<\/em> kavram\u0131 Budist k\u00f6kenli de\u011fildir; Hindistan&#8217;\u0131n daha eski din\u00ee s\u00f6z da\u011farc\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan gelmektedir. S\u00f6zc\u00fck anlam\u0131yla &#8220;\u00f6ne giden&#8221; veya &#8220;g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcp giden&#8221; demektir; <em>pra<\/em> \u00f6neki ile &#8220;gitmek&#8221; anlaml\u0131 bir k\u00f6kten t\u00fcremi\u015ftir.<\/p><p>Vedik ve erken Hindu metinlerinde <em>preta<\/em>, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta yaln\u0131zca, totem rit\u00fcelleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bir <em>pitr&#8217;e<\/em>, yani ataya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmeden \u00f6nce ara bir h\u00e2lde bulunan yeni \u00f6l\u00fcy\u00fc ifade eder.<\/p><p>Bu ge\u00e7i\u015f, Hindu rit\u00fcel prati\u011finde titizlikle kurala ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00fclere y\u00f6nelik yiyecek sunusu olan <em>shraddha<\/em> rit\u00fcelleri, karars\u0131z Pretay\u0131 atalar\u0131n d\u00fczenli toplulu\u011funa katmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lar.<\/p><p>Bu rit\u00fceller yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ya da biri k\u00f6t\u00fc bir \u00f6l\u00fcmle \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, vefat eden ki\u015fi huzursuz bir Preta olarak kalabilir. Bu anlay\u0131\u015fta Preta ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir varolu\u015f alan\u0131 de\u011fil, do\u011fru <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Din\u00ee veya k\u00fclt\u00fcrel anlam ta\u015f\u0131yan, kurallara ba\u011fl\u0131 sembolik eylemler dizisi.\" tabindex=\"0\">rit\u00fcelle<\/span> tamamlanmas\u0131 gereken tehlikeli bir ge\u00e7i\u015f evresidir.<\/p><p>Budizm bu kavram\u0131 benimsedi ancak d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc. Ge\u00e7ici ara h\u00e2lden, belirli bir karma arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla i\u00e7ine tam olarak do\u011fulan yeniden do\u011fu\u015f d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn alt\u0131 sabit varolu\u015f alan\u0131ndan biri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p><p>Totem rit\u00fcelleriyle ba\u011flant\u0131 korundu; ancak bir atay\u0131 yaratma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden ac\u0131 \u00e7eken bir varl\u0131\u011fa erdem aktarma olana\u011f\u0131na do\u011fru kayd\u0131.<\/p><p>Bu ortak k\u00f6k, Hindu ve Budist \u00f6l\u00fc rit\u00fcellerinin neden \u00e7o\u011funlukla benze\u015fti\u011fini ve G\u00fcney Asya&#8217;n\u0131n ya\u015fayan din\u00ee prati\u011finde neden birbirinden g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckle ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar.<\/p><p>Ayn\u0131 zamanda Budist Pretan\u0131n yoktan do\u011fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, eski bir Hint fikrinin yeni bir kozmolojik sisteme eklendi\u011fini de g\u00f6sterir. Fig\u00fcr\u00fc tam olarak kavramak isteyen ki\u015finin bu katmanlanmay\u0131, yani Vedik ge\u00e7mi\u015fi ve Budist yeniden yorumu birlikte g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp77bf53f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp77bf53f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp083baac elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp083baac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Asya'n\u0131n Budist K\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinde Yay\u0131l\u0131m ve D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0b61d6b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp0b61d6b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8c34744 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp8c34744\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Budizm&#8217;in yay\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte a\u00e7l\u0131k ruhu tasar\u0131m\u0131 da yay\u0131ld\u0131 ve yerel ko\u015fullara uyum sa\u011flad\u0131. Theravada \u00fclkeleri olan Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Tayland, Laos ve Kambo\u00e7ya&#8217;da Pali <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir dinin kutsal yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 olarak tan\u0131nan derlemesi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kanonu&#8217;na<\/span> ve <em>Petavatthu&#8217;ya<\/em> olan ba\u011f g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kald\u0131.<\/p><p>Burada Preta tasar\u0131m\u0131, k\u0131smen yerel ruh inan\u00e7lar\u0131yla, \u00f6rne\u011fin Taylandl\u0131 <em>phi&#8217;lerle<\/em> kayna\u015ft\u0131; b\u00f6ylece Budist a\u00e7l\u0131k ruhu her zaman di\u011fer huzursuz \u00f6l\u00fclerden keskin bi\u00e7imde ayr\u0131lmaz.<\/p><p>\u00c7in&#8217;de bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir ata k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7ince <em>egui<\/em> olarak bilinen a\u00e7l\u0131k ruhu, orada kendisine <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u015e\u00fckran, dilek veya sayg\u0131y\u0131 dile getirmek amac\u0131yla bir tanr\u0131ya sunulan arma\u011fan.\" tabindex=\"0\">adak<\/span> sunacak torunlar\u0131 olmayan ihmal edilmi\u015f ya da \u00e7ocuksuz \u00f6l\u00fclere duyulan kayg\u0131yla yak\u0131ndan ili\u015fkilendirildi. Sunuda bulunacak torunlar\u0131 olmayan ki\u015fi a\u00e7l\u0131k <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"D\u00fcnyada etki g\u00f6stermesi atfedilen bedensiz varl\u0131k.\" tabindex=\"0\">ruhuna<\/span> d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fme tehlikesiyle y\u00fcz y\u00fczedir.<\/p><p>Yedinci ay\u0131n hayalet festivali, y\u0131l\u0131n en \u00f6nemli festivallerinden biri h\u00e2line geldi; bu d\u00f6nemde yeralt\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r ve ruhlar dola\u015fmaya ba\u015flar. Burada Budist kurtulu\u015f \u00f6\u011fretisi, Taoist ve halk dini unsurlar\u0131yla i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7ti.<\/p><p>Tibet Budizmi, a\u00e7l\u0131k ruhlar\u0131n\u0131 yolba\u011flar\u0131 metinlerinde dizgeli bi\u00e7imde ele ald\u0131 ve <em>sur<\/em> duman ada\u011f\u0131yla kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir rit\u00fcel bi\u00e7imi geli\u015ftirdi. Tibet\u00e7ede <em>yidak<\/em> olarak bilinen Preta fig\u00fcr\u00fc, her manast\u0131r giri\u015finde ya\u015fam \u00e7ark\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr oldu\u011fundan bilince derinden kaz\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><p>Japonya&#8217;da ise a\u00e7l\u0131k ruhu, <em>Gaki-zoshi<\/em> ile sanat tarihsel a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan bir bi\u00e7im kazand\u0131 ve Obon festivali sayesinde canl\u0131 kalmaya devam etti. <em>Gaki<\/em> s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc modern Japonca&#8217;da obur ya da yaramaz \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in argo bir hakaret s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne bile d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc; bu durum, din\u00ee tasar\u0131m\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck dile ne denli derin i\u015fledi\u011finin bir kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><p>Bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00e7e\u015fitlilik, Preta&#8217;n\u0131n kat\u0131 bir \u00f6\u011freti fig\u00fcr\u00fc olarak kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; aksine Budist d\u00fcnyan\u0131n canl\u0131 ve uyum sa\u011flayabilir bir unsuru h\u00e2line geldi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ek Ba\u011flant\u0131lar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00d6nerilen dahili ba\u011flant\u0131lar:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/budizm\/\">Budizm<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/tr\/mara\/\">Mara<\/a>, Yamaduta, <a href=\"\/tr\/naraka-watchileri\/\">Naraka Bek\u00e7ileri<\/a>, <a href=\"\/tr\/dakini\/\">Dakini<\/a><\/li><li>E <a href=\"\/tr\/gui\/\">Gui<\/a> (\u00c7in), <a href=\"\/tr\/pishacha\/\">Pishacha<\/a> (Hinduizm), paraleller<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/edimmu\/\">Edimmu<\/a> (\u00f6nc\u00fcl motif olarak Edimmu)<\/li><li>Ullambana\/Obon Festivali<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kaynaklar ve Literat\u00fcr<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Preta \u00fczerine temel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan bir se\u00e7ki:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Gehman, Henry S.: <em>Petavatthu. Stories of the Departed<\/em>. Oxford 1942.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Smith, Robert J.: <em>Ancestor Worship in Contemporary Japan<\/em>. Stanford 1974.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Cuevas, Bryan J.: <em>Travels in the Netherworld. Buddhist Popular Narratives of Death and the Afterlife in Tibet<\/em>. Oxford 2008.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Gombrich, Richard: <em>Precept and Practice<\/em>. Oxford 1971.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Kaynak\u00e7ada yer alan di\u011fer ba\u015fvuru eserleri: <a href=\"\/tr\/din-edebiyati\/\">Literat\u00fcr dizini<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-preta-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-preta-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-preta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-preta-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-preta-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Burada tan\u0131mlanan koruma prati\u011fi, tarihsel geleneklerin din bilimleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. iWell Guard, ta\u015f\u0131nabilir koruyucu nesnelerin bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrel-tarihsel gelene\u011fine ba\u011flanmakta ve bunun \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f bir bi\u00e7imini temsil etmektedir. <a href=\"\/tr\/koruyucu-kolye-hakkinda\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">iWell Guard hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7efee16 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7efee16\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2508526 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2508526\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>Preta Hakk\u0131nda S\u0131k Sorulan Sorular<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Budizm&#8217;de Pretalar nedir?<\/h3><p>Preta (Sanskrit\u00e7e &#8220;g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcp gidenler&#8221; anlam\u0131nda; Tibet\u00e7ede Yi-dvags), Budizm&#8217;de a\u00e7l\u0131k ruhlar\u0131d\u0131r ve yeniden do\u011fu\u015fun alt\u0131 varolu\u015f alan\u0131ndan birini olu\u015fturur. Bunlar a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck mideli ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck a\u011f\u0131zl\u0131 ya da i\u011fne kadar ince bo\u011fazl\u0131 varl\u0131klard\u0131r: hi\u00e7bir zaman doymayabilirler, zira a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131na giren her yiyecek k\u00fcle d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p><p>Bhavachakra&#8217;da (Tibet ya\u015fam \u00e7ark\u0131) tipik ikonografik bi\u00e7imleriyle betimlenmi\u015flerdir. Karmik neden: ya\u015farken cimrilik, hasislik, bencillik; ya\u015farken ba\u015fkalar\u0131na yiyecek esirgeyen ki\u015fi bir sonraki varolu\u015funda a\u00e7l\u0131k \u00e7eken bir Preta olarak yeniden do\u011far.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Budist A\u00e7l\u0131k Ruhlar\u0131 Festivali nedir?<\/h3><p>A\u00e7l\u0131k Ruhlar\u0131 Festivali (\u00c7ince Yulanpen, Japonca Obon, Korece Baekjung), yedinci ay d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcnde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ve Do\u011fu Asya&#8217;n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli halk Budizmi festivallerinden biridir. Maudgalyayana&#8217;n\u0131n \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcne dayan\u0131r; Maudgalyayana, annesini Preta \u00e2leminde bulan ve onu do\u011frudan besleyemeyen Buda&#8217;n\u0131n bir \u00f6\u011frencisidir.<\/p><p>Buda ona, ya\u011fmur mevsimine ait inziva d\u00f6neminin sonunda Sangha (manast\u0131r cemaati) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yap\u0131lan adak sunular\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7l\u0131k ruhlar\u0131na ula\u015fabilece\u011fini \u00f6\u011fretir. Buradan, \u00f6l\u00fcler i\u00e7in adak sunular\u0131, dans g\u00f6sterileri (Bon Odori) ve sembolik fener y\u00fczd\u00fcrmeyle b\u00fcy\u00fck Do\u011fu Asya festivali do\u011fmu\u015ftur.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Budizm'de Pretalar nedir?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Preta (Sanskrit\u00e7e 'g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcp gidenler' anlam\u0131nda; Tibet\u00e7ede Yi-dvags), Budizm'de a\u00e7l\u0131k ruhlar\u0131d\u0131r ve yeniden do\u011fu\u015fun alt\u0131 varolu\u015f alan\u0131ndan birini olu\u015fturur. Bunlar a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck mideli ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck a\u011f\u0131zl\u0131 ya da i\u011fne kadar ince bo\u011fazl\u0131 varl\u0131klard\u0131r: hi\u00e7bir zaman doymayabilirler, zira a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131na giren her yiyecek k\u00fcle d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Bhavachakra'da (Tibet ya\u015fam \u00e7ark\u0131) tipik ikonografik bi\u00e7imleriyle betimlenmi\u015flerdir. Karmik neden: ya\u015farken cimrilik, hasislik, bencillik; ya\u015farken ba\u015fkalar\u0131na yiyecek esirgeyen ki\u015fi bir sonraki varolu\u015funda a\u00e7l\u0131k \u00e7eken bir Preta olarak yeniden do\u011far.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Budist A\u00e7l\u0131k Ruhlar\u0131 Festivali nedir?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"A\u00e7l\u0131k Ruhlar\u0131 Festivali (\u00c7ince Yulanpen, Japonca Obon, Korece Baekjung), yedinci ay d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcnde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ve Do\u011fu Asya'n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli halk Budizmi festivallerinden biridir. Maudgalyayana'n\u0131n \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcne dayan\u0131r; Maudgalyayana, annesini Preta \u00e2leminde bulan ve onu do\u011frudan besleyemeyen Buda'n\u0131n bir \u00f6\u011frencisidir. Buda ona, ya\u011fmur mevsimine ait inziva d\u00f6neminin sonunda Sangha (manast\u0131r cemaati) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yap\u0131lan adak sunular\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7l\u0131k ruhlar\u0131na ula\u015fabilece\u011fini \u00f6\u011fretir. Buradan, \u00f6l\u00fcler i\u00e7in adak sunular\u0131, dans g\u00f6sterileri (Bon Odori) ve sembolik fener y\u00fczd\u00fcrmeyle b\u00fcy\u00fck Do\u011fu Asya festivali do\u011fmu\u015ftur.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Preta, Budist Gelene\u011fin A\u00e7l\u0131k Ruhu Preta, Budist gelene\u011fin ruhudur. \u0130\u011fne deli\u011fi kadar ince bo\u011fazl\u0131 a\u00e7l\u0131k ruhu; a\u00e7g\u00f6zl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn karmik fig\u00fcr\u00fc. RuhBudizm\u00d6l\u00fc Ruhu \u0130\u00e7indekiler Preta Preta (Pali: Peta), Budist kozmolojisinin en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 fig\u00fcrlerinden biridir. \u015ei\u015fkin kar\u0131nl\u0131, i\u011fne deli\u011fi kadar ince bo\u011fazl\u0131 bir a\u00e7l\u0131k ruhu; g\u00f6rebilen ve arzulayan, ancak yiyip i\u00e7emeyen bir varl\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu fig\u00fcr, karmik a\u00e7g\u00f6zl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1678,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Preta","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Preta - Budist Gelene\u011fin A\u00e7l\u0131k Ruhu","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Preta (Pali: Peta), Budist kozmolojinin en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 fig\u00fcrlerinden biridir. \u015ei\u015fkin kar\u0131nl\u0131, i\u011fne deli\u011fi kadar ince bo\u011fazl\u0131 bir a\u00e7l\u0131k ruhu; g\u00f6rebilen ve arzulayan, ancak yiyip i\u00e7emeyen bir varl\u0131k.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"buddhismus","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-73034","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Preta - Budist Gelene\u011fin A\u00e7l\u0131k Ruhu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Preta (Pali: Peta), Budist kozmolojinin en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 fig\u00fcrlerinden biridir. \u015ei\u015fkin kar\u0131nl\u0131, i\u011fne deli\u011fi kadar ince bo\u011fazl\u0131 bir a\u00e7l\u0131k ruhu; g\u00f6rebilen ve arzulayan, ancak yiyip i\u00e7emeyen bir varl\u0131k.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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