{"id":73024,"date":"2026-08-01T22:26:14","date_gmt":"2026-08-01T22:26:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/yamaduta-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-01T22:26:35","modified_gmt":"2026-08-01T22:26:35","slug":"yamaduta","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/yamaduta\/","title":{"rendered":"Yamad\u016bta"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"73024\" class=\"elementor elementor-73024 elementor-1209\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yamaduta, Budist Gelene\u011fin Ruhu<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Yama&#8217;n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm habercileri, karmik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin uygulay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"dif-yamaduta\">Yamadutalar Naraka Sisteminde<\/h2>\n<p>Yamadutalar, Vedik, Hindu ve Budist gelene\u011fin \u00f6l\u00fcler tanr\u0131s\u0131 Yama&#8217;n\u0131n <strong>\u00f6l\u00fcm habercileri<\/strong>dir.<\/p><p>Garuda Purana&#8217;da ve Mahabharata&#8217;n\u0131n Naraka sisteminde, <strong>\u00f6l\u00fcm an\u0131n\u0131n<\/strong> hemen ard\u0131ndan ruhu alarak g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrler. G\u00f6revleri \u015funlard\u0131r: ruhun te\u015fhisi, ya\u015fam ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi, <strong>Vaitarani \u0131rma\u011f\u0131ndan<\/strong> ge\u00e7i\u015fte rehberlik etme ve ruhu <strong>Yamapuri<\/strong>&#8216;deki Yama mahkemesine teslim etme. Orada yaz\u0131c\u0131 <strong>Citragupta<\/strong> erdem ve g\u00fcnahlar\u0131 tartar, Yama h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc verir.<\/p><p>Cezalar, yirmi sekiz <strong>Naraka<\/strong>&#8216;dan (cehennem) birine s\u00fcrmeyi kapsar: Raurava (feryat cehennemi), Maharaurava, Tamisra, Andhatamisra, Kalasutra. Budist uyarlamas\u0131 (Mahayana, Vajrayana) bu \u015femay\u0131 korumakla birlikte, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hinduizm ve Budizm'de tekrarlayarak s\u00f6ylenen kutsal hece veya form\u00fcl.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mantra<\/span> ezberlemesi ve ara-durum uygulamalar\u0131yla (Bardo, Tibet \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131) kurtulu\u015f olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da ekler. \u0130konografik a\u00e7\u0131dan Yamadutalar koyu tenli, kement ve sopa ta\u015f\u0131yan, su mandas\u0131 \u00fczerinde binen varl\u0131klar olarak betimlenir.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Ruh: Bedensiz veya yar\u0131 bedensiz varl\u0131k; \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015fler, do\u011fa varl\u0131klar\u0131, ev ruhlar\u0131 veya e\u015fik bek\u00e7ileri. G\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famda etki g\u00f6sterir, \u00e7o\u011funlukla yerlere ya da ailelere ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.\">Ruh<\/span><a href=\"\/tr\/buddhismus\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bodhisattvalar, koruyucu tanr\u0131lar, a\u00e7l\u0131k ruhlar\u0131 ve cehennem bek\u00e7ileriyle Budist gelenek.\">Budizm<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Bu sayfada ba\\u015fl\\u0131k bulunamad\\u0131.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0130\u00e7indekiler\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_buddhismus_yamaduta-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1697\" alt=\"Yamaduta - Geister aus der Buddhismus-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_buddhismus_yamaduta-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_buddhismus_yamaduta-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_buddhismus_yamaduta-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_buddhismus_yamaduta.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yamad\u016bta<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yamaduta, Budist gelene\u011fin <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"D\u00fcnyada etki g\u00f6stermesi atfedilen bedensiz varl\u0131k.\" tabindex=\"0\">ruhudur<\/span>.<\/p><p>Yamad\u016btalar, Hint-Budist gelene\u011fin \u00f6l\u00fcler tanr\u0131s\u0131 Yama&#8217;n\u0131n hizmetindeki \u00f6l\u00fcm habercileridir. \u00d6l\u00fcm an\u0131nda belirir, ruhu alarak Yama&#8217;n\u0131n mahkemesine g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrler.<\/p><p>Orada <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Hinduizm, Budizm ve Jainizm'de eylem-sonu\u00e7 yasas\u0131: Her eylem, sonraki varolu\u015flar\u0131 etkiler.\">Karma<\/span> tart\u0131l\u0131r; Yama h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc bildirir; Yamad\u016btalar bu h\u00fckm\u00fc uygular; ruh ya cennet \u00e2lemlerine ya da Narakalara (cehennem) g\u00f6nderilir. Bu fig\u00fcr, Hint ve Budist \u00f6l\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fc geleneklerini birle\u015ftirir; Do\u011fu Asya&#8217;da yerel \u00f6l\u00fcler \u00e2lemi tasar\u0131mlar\u0131yla kayna\u015f\u0131r.<\/p><p>Pali <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir dinin ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 olarak tan\u0131nan kutsal yaz\u0131lar k\u00fclliyat\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kanon<\/span>unda yer alan Devad\u016bta Sutta (&#8220;\u0130lahi Haberci Suttas\u0131&#8221;), Buda&#8217;n\u0131n anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fu sahneyi aktar\u0131r: Hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden biri Yama&#8217;n\u0131n huzuruna getirilir; Yama ona, kendisini t\u00f6vbeye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rabilecek &#8220;ilahi habercileri&#8221;, yani ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve ceset g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerini fark edip etmedi\u011fini sorar.<\/p><p>B\u00f6ylece Yamad\u016btalar yaln\u0131zca uygulay\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda ya\u015fam\u0131n uyar\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 konumundad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7ifte rol, fig\u00fcr\u00fc teolojik a\u00e7\u0131dan son derece zengin k\u0131lar.<\/p><div><p><strong>Garuda Purana ve Yamaloka&#8217;n\u0131n Topografisi<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Yamaduta<\/em>&#8216;n\u0131n en ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 betimi, Yama&#8217;n\u0131n haberci ve uygulay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n r\u00fctbelerine ve i\u015flevlerine g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 <em>Garuda Purana<\/em>&#8216;da (8.-10. y\u00fczy\u0131l) yer al\u0131r. Basit bek\u00e7i ya da haberci rol\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6tesinde, karmik h\u00fckm\u00fcn j\u00fcri \u00fcyeleri ve belgeleyicileri olarak g\u00f6rev yaparlar.<\/p><p>Her \u00f6len, ki\u015fisel Yamadutalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6l\u00fcm \u00e2leminden Yama&#8217;n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Maharloka&#8217;ya g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00c7e\u015fitli Puranalar&#8217;da betimlenen Yamaloka&#8217;n\u0131n topografisi b\u00fcrokratik bir yap\u0131 sergiler: kap\u0131, yol, adalet salonu ve \u00e7e\u015fitli cehennem b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri. Yamadutalar bu topografyan\u0131n y\u00f6neticileridir, bek\u00e7ileri de\u011fil.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">H\u0131zl\u0131 Genel Bak\u0131\u015f: Yamaduta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>T\u00fcr:<\/strong> \u00d6l\u00fcm habercileri, cehennem uygulay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131<br>K\u00f6ken: \u00d6l\u00fcler tanr\u0131s\u0131 Yama&#8217;n\u0131n hizmeti<br>Metinler: Devad\u016bta Sutta, Jatakalar, Abhidharmakosha, Tibet \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<br>D\u00f6nem: Vedik-Budist&#8217;ten g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze<br>Do\u011fu Asya bi\u00e7imi: \u00c7in \u00f6l\u00fcler \u00e2lemi sisteminde Yanluo&#8217;nun habercileri olarak<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Metinlerin D\u00f6nemi<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vedik arka plan (Rigveda&#8217;da Yama), Pali <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir dinin ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 olarak tan\u0131nan kutsal yaz\u0131lar k\u00fclliyat\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kanon<\/span>u ve <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"'B\u00fcy\u00fck Ara\u00e7'; Budizm'in \u00fc\u00e7 ana gelene\u011finden biri; Bodhisattva ideali ve geli\u015fmi\u015f felsefi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyle belirginle\u015fir.\">Mahayana<\/span> sutralarda Budist bi\u00e7imlenme. Abhidharmakosha (Vasubandhu, M.S. 4.\/5. y\u00fczy\u0131l) <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr i\u00e7inde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 ve d\u00fczeni hakk\u0131ndaki tasar\u0131m.\" tabindex=\"0\">kozmoloji<\/span>yi dizgele\u015ftirir. Tibet \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131 (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Tibet Budizm'inde iki varolu\u015f aras\u0131ndaki ge\u00e7i\u015f durumu; Bardo Th\u00f6dol \u00f6l\u00fcm sonras\u0131 evreyi betimler.\">Bardo<\/span> Th\u00f6dol, 8. y\u00fczy\u0131l veya daha sonra) ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 Yamad\u016bta sahneleri i\u00e7erir. Budist \u00f6l\u00fcler \u00e2lemi literat\u00fcr\u00fcnde \u00c7in ve Japon at\u0131flar\u0131.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yay\u0131l\u0131m Alan\u0131<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hint alt k\u0131tas\u0131, Theravada \u00fclkeleri, Do\u011fu Asya (\u00c7in&#8217;de Yanluo&#8217;nun habercileri olarak Niu Tou &#8220;\u00d6k\u00fczba\u015f\u0131&#8221; ve Ma Mian &#8220;Atay\u00fcz\u00fc&#8221; bi\u00e7iminde), <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"'Elmas Ara\u00e7'; Tibet merkezli, Yidam prati\u011fi ve Mantra tekni\u011fiyle Mahayana Budizm'inin tantrik bi\u00e7imi.\">Vajrayana<\/span> geni\u015flemesiyle Tibet, Emma yorumuyla Japonya.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kaynak Durumu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Devad\u016bta Sutta (Anguttara Nikaya ve Majjhima Nikaya), Visuddhimagga (Buddhaghosa), Abhidharmakosha (Vasubandhu), <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Tibet \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131; \u00f6l\u00fcm sonras\u0131 ge\u00e7i\u015f durumlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik rit\u00fcel rehber.\">Bardo Th\u00f6dol<\/span>, \u00c7in \u00f6l\u00fcler \u00e2lemi anlat\u0131lar\u0131 (<em>Di Yu<\/em> literat\u00fcr\u00fc), Japon Jigoku-z\u014dshi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Adland\u0131rma ve Yaz\u0131m Bi\u00e7imleri<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sanskrit\u00e7e:<\/strong> <em>yamad\u016bta<\/em>, &#8220;Yama&#8217;n\u0131n habercisi&#8221;; <em>yamap\u0101la<\/em>, &#8220;Yama&#8217;n\u0131n bek\u00e7isi&#8221;; <em>yamapuru\u1e63a<\/em>, &#8220;Yama&#8217;n\u0131n adam\u0131&#8221;.<br>\u00c7ince: \u725b\u982d\u99ac\u9762 (<em>Niu Tou Ma Mian<\/em>, &#8220;\u00d6k\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 ve Atay\u00fcz\u00fc&#8221;, yayg\u0131n \u00e7ift bi\u00e7im).<br>Japonca: <em>Jigoku no Kishi<\/em>, Yama Emma olarak.<br>Tibet\u00e7e: <em>Shinje&#8217;i pho nya<\/em>.<\/p><p>Do\u011fu Asya&#8217;daki bu \u00f6zg\u00fcl bi\u00e7im dikkat \u00e7ekicidir: \u00d6k\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 ve Atay\u00fcz\u00fc \u00e7ifti, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir \u00c7in geli\u015fimidir. Her ikisi de Yanluo Wang&#8217;\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00f6l\u00fcler \u00e2lemi g\u00f6revlileri olarak tasvir edilir ve halk dini tap\u0131naklar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir yer tutar.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00d6zellikler<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm<\/strong><\/p><p>Hint gelene\u011finde \u00e7o\u011funlukla ate\u015f auras\u0131, silahlar ve zincirlerle betimlenir. Hayvan ya da yar\u0131 hayvan bi\u00e7iminde olabilirler. \u00c7in <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"G\u00f6rsel i\u00e7erikleri ve anlamlar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyen bilim dal\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografisinde<\/span> \u00f6k\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 ve atay\u00fcz\u00fc olarak somutla\u015f\u0131r; g\u00fcrz ya da \u00e7atallarla silahlanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Tibet thangkalar\u0131nda \u00f6fkeli, dans eden, kafatas\u0131 sembol\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131yan fig\u00fcrler olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/p><p><strong>Davran\u0131\u015f<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00d6l\u00fcm an\u0131nda belirir, ruhu ba\u011flar ve Yama&#8217;ya g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrler. Narakalarda karmik cezalar\u0131 ki\u015fisel ac\u0131mas\u0131zl\u0131kla de\u011fil, i\u015flevsel bir g\u00f6rev anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla uygularlar. Devad\u016bta yorumunda ayn\u0131 zamanda sembolik bir anlam ta\u015f\u0131rlar: ya\u015fam\u0131n kendisi ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k, hastal\u0131k ve \u00f6l\u00fcm arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla uyar\u0131da bulunur.<\/p><p><strong>Etki Alan\u0131<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00d6l\u00fcm s\u00fcrecindeki ara d\u00fcnya, Yama&#8217;n\u0131n mahkemesi ve Narakalar (cehennem). Do\u011fu Asya gelene\u011finde somut \u00f6l\u00fcler \u00e2lemi makamlar\u0131na da ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar; on cehennemin her birinin kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc g\u00f6revlileri vard\u0131r.<\/p><p><strong>Mitolojik S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma<\/strong><\/p><p>Yama, Vedik gelenekte \u00f6l\u00fcler \u00e2lemine giden ilk \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fc olarak \u00f6l\u00fcler \u00e2leminin efendisi olmu\u015ftur. Habercileri, \u00f6zerk \u015feytanlar de\u011fil kozmik bir d\u00fczenin i\u015flevlileridir. Budist uyarlama bu i\u015flevsel konumu korur.<\/p><div><p><strong>Beden \u0130\u015faretleri ve Deh\u015fet \u0130\u015flevi<\/strong><\/p><p>Mahabharata pasajlar\u0131 ve sonraki Puranalar&#8217;da Yamadutalar belirgin bedensel \u00f6zelliklerle betimlenmi\u015ftir: siyah ten, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6zler, y\u0131lan sa\u00e7lar\u0131 ya da sa\u00e7 yerine alevler, demir silahlar. Bu \u00f6zellikler i\u015flevseldir, kesinlikle keyfi de\u011fildir: \u00d6l\u00fcml\u00fcleri \u015foka u\u011frat\u0131p kendi ya\u015famlar\u0131 \u00fczerine derin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye sevk etmek amac\u0131yla se\u00e7ilmi\u015flerdir.<\/p><p>D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f hem <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"K\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131; apotropaik semboller (Pazuzu, Hamsa, Nazar) zararl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fc ve nazar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda koruma sa\u011flar.\">apotropaik<\/span> hem de meditasyon nesnesidir. Bir Yamaduta&#8217;n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc, ya\u015famdan sorumlulu\u011fa ge\u00e7i\u015fi simgeler. Tantrik \u015ferhlerde deh\u015fet i\u015flevi daha a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde vurgulan\u0131r: Yamaduta, biyolojik bir varl\u0131k de\u011fil, Karma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n bilin\u00e7li bir cisimle\u015fmesidir.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00d6zet Bilgi: Yamaduta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yamad\u016bta&#8217;n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli y\u00f6nlerine bir bak\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">K\u00f6ken<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00d6l\u00fcler tanr\u0131s\u0131 Yama&#8217;n\u0131n hizmetinde. Vedik-Budist temel. Do\u011fu Asya&#8217;da Yanluo\/Emma alt\u0131nda kendi g\u00f6revli hiyerar\u015fisiyle bi\u00e7imlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Muhataplar<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00d6l\u00fcm an\u0131ndaki \u00f6lmekte olanlar, ara durumundaki \u00f6l\u00fcler, cezan\u0131n uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 cehennem varl\u0131klar\u0131. Dolayl\u0131 olarak t\u00fcm ya\u015fayanlar uyar\u0131c\u0131 rol\u00fcyle.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hint gelene\u011finde ate\u015f auras\u0131 ve silahlarla. \u00c7in gelene\u011finde \u00f6k\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 ve atay\u00fcz\u00fc olarak somutla\u015fm\u0131\u015f. Tibet gelene\u011finde \u00f6fkeli, dans eden, kafatas\u0131 s\u00fcslemeli.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yamadutalarin Etkisi<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00d6len ruhlar\u0131 al\u0131r, Yama&#8217;n\u0131n mahkemesine g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr, karmik h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygular. \u0130\u015flevsel bir tutumla hareket eder, ki\u015fisel ac\u0131mas\u0131zl\u0131k s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Savunma Bi\u00e7imleri<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Savunmak de\u011fil, do\u011fru ya\u015famak esast\u0131r: etik eylem, \u00dc\u00e7 M\u00fccevher&#8217;e s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma, Ksitigarbha&#8217;n\u0131n <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir tanr\u0131ya veya g\u00fcce yalvararak ya da yalvar\u0131rcas\u0131na y\u00f6nelme.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lmas\u0131<\/span> (cehennem varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mahayana Budizm'inde di\u011fer varl\u0131klara \u00f6\u011freti u\u011fruna kendi kurtulu\u015funu erteleyen ayd\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f varl\u0131k.\">Bodhisattvas\u0131<\/span>). Tibet gelene\u011finde: Phowa prati\u011fi (\u00f6l\u00fcm an\u0131nda bilin\u00e7 transferi).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Benzer Fig\u00fcrler<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/gallu\/\">Gallu<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/keres\/\">Keres<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/dirae\/\">Dirae<\/a>, M\u0131s\u0131r Amduat e\u015flik fig\u00fcrleri, Hristiyan \u00f6l\u00fcm melekleri.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00d6l\u00fcm ve Cenaze Rit\u00fcelleri<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u00d6l\u00fcm Haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/p><p>Theravada gelene\u011finde: \u00d6lmekte olanlara Paritta ve Metta Sutalar\u0131n\u0131n okunmas\u0131. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"B\u00fcy\u00fck Ara\u00e7; Budizm'in \u00fc\u00e7 ana gelene\u011finden biri, Bodhisattva idealiyle.\">Mahayana<\/span>: Yama&#8217;n\u0131n \u00fclkesi yerine Saf Arazi&#8217;de yeniden do\u011fmak i\u00e7in Amitabha mantralar\u0131n\u0131n ezberlenip okunmas\u0131. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Elmas Ara\u00e7; Tibet merkezli, Yidam prati\u011fiyle Mahayana Budizm'inin tantrik bi\u00e7imi.\">Vajrayana<\/span>: D\u00f6ng\u00fcden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in \u00f6zg\u00fcl bir \u00f6l\u00fcm meditasyonu olan Phowa.<\/p><p><strong>\u00d6l\u00fcm Sonras\u0131 Rit\u00fceller<\/strong><\/p><p>Tibet \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131, Yamad\u016btalarla a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmalar da dahil olmak \u00fczere, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Tibet Budizm'inde iki varolu\u015f aras\u0131ndaki ge\u00e7i\u015f durumu; Bardo Th\u00f6dol \u00f6l\u00fcm sonras\u0131 evreyi betimler.\">Bardo<\/span>&#8216;nun 49 g\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7in \u00f6len ki\u015fiye y\u00f6nelik y\u00f6nergeler sunar. \u00c7in gelene\u011finde &#8220;yedi kez yedi&#8221; \u00f6l\u00fc rit\u00fceli (49 g\u00fcn, haftal\u0131k t\u00f6renlerle). Japon Obon ve \u00f6l\u00fc halinin hafifletilmesine y\u00f6nelik benzeri rit\u00fceller.<\/p><p><strong>Etik Boyut<\/strong><\/p><p>Devad\u016bta \u00f6\u011fretisine g\u00f6re ya\u015fam\u0131n kendisi habercileri g\u00f6nderir: ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k, hastal\u0131k, ceset g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc. Bunlara kulak veren, Yama&#8217;n\u0131n mahkemesinde korkacak az \u015fey bulur. Bunlar\u0131 g\u00f6rmezden gelen ise buna uygun yeniden do\u011fu\u015flarla y\u00fczle\u015fir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paraleller ve Etki Tarihi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Yakla\u015f\u0131k M.\u00d6. 800 ile M.S. 600 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki Yunan ve Roma k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc \u00e7a\u011f\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">Antik \u00c7a\u011f<\/span> ve Mezopotamya Paralelleri<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00d6l\u00fcler \u00e2leminin uygulama organ\u0131 olarak Mezopotamya <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/gallu\/\">Gallu<\/a>, \u00f6l\u00fcm \u015feytanlar\u0131 olarak Yunan <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/keres\/\">Keres<\/a>, g\u00fcne\u015fin \u00f6l\u00fcler \u00e2leminden ge\u00e7i\u015finde e\u015flik eden M\u0131s\u0131r Amduat fig\u00fcrleri.<\/p><p><strong>Do\u011fu Asya&#8217;daki Geli\u015fim<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00c7in&#8217;in Niu Tou Ma Mian&#8217;\u0131 ve Japon Emma g\u00f6revlileri, halk inanc\u0131nda mektup al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi ve s\u0131navlarla somut bir g\u00f6revli hiyerar\u015fisine sahiptir. Di Yu sistemi (&#8220;yer hapishanesi&#8221;) d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en geli\u015fkin \u00f6l\u00fcler \u00e2lemi y\u00f6netim yap\u0131lar\u0131ndan biridir.<\/p><p><strong>Modern Etki Tarihi<\/strong><\/p><p>Yamraj fig\u00fcrleri i\u00e7eren Bollywood filmleri, Shinigami motifli Japon anime yap\u0131mlar\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fcm mele\u011fi fig\u00fcrl\u00fc Kore K-dramalar\u0131, Yamad\u016bta <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sanatta veya anlat\u0131da yinelenen i\u00e7erik unsuru.\" tabindex=\"0\">motifini<\/span> modern bi\u00e7imlerde i\u015flemektedir.<\/p><div><p><strong>Yamaduta ve \u0130slam&#8217;\u0131n Mala&#8217;ika al-Mawt&#8217;u<\/strong><\/p><p>Hindu Yamadutalar ile \u0130slam gelene\u011finin \u00f6l\u00fcm melekleri <em>Mala&#8217;ika al-Mawt<\/em> aras\u0131nda dikkat \u00e7ekici bir paralellik mevcuttur. Her iki gelenek de \u00f6l\u00fcm an\u0131nda beliren g\u00f6ksel varl\u0131klar\u0131 betimler. Her ikisi de \u00f6lenin eylemlerini din\u00ee ya da karmik kay\u0131tlara dayanarak de\u011ferlendirir.<\/p><p>Her ikisi de d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f itibar\u0131yla korku verici, i\u015flev itibar\u0131yla ise adaletlidir. Ancak \u0130slam&#8217;\u0131n <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Arap\u00e7a 'melekler'; Kuran'da kozmolojik melek s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131; en \u00f6nemlileri Cebrail, Mikail ve \u0130srafil'dir.\">Mala&#8217;ika<\/span>&#8216;s\u0131 Tanr\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n ahlaki temsilcileri iken, Yamadutalar daha \u00e7ok tarafs\u0131z idari g\u00fc\u00e7ler olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu ayr\u0131m, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Tanr\u0131'n\u0131n her \u015feye g\u00fcc\u00fc yetmesi ve iyili\u011fiyle d\u00fcnyadaki k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 sorununu ele alan teolojik mesele.\">teodise<\/span> anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bir fark\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131r: Hinduizm&#8217;de Karma kendi kendine i\u015flerken, \u0130slam&#8217;da adalete karar veren Tanr\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n l\u00fctfudur.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp49f0232 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp49f0232\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp527f753 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp527f753\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00d6l\u00fcm Tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n Habercileri Olarak Yamadutalar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdf35273 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpdf35273\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9a987ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp9a987ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Yamaduta<\/em> ad\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fck anlam\u0131yla &#8220;Yama&#8217;n\u0131n habercisi&#8221; demektir. Yama, Vedik dinden kaynaklanan ve Budizm ile Hinduizm arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla t\u00fcm G\u00fcney ve Do\u011fu Asya&#8217;ya yay\u0131lan \u00f6l\u00fcler tanr\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><p>Yamadutalar onun emrinde olan varl\u0131klard\u0131r; \u00f6len ruhlar\u0131 toplamak ve \u00f6l\u00fcler tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n mahkemesine \u00e7\u0131karmak \u00fczere g\u00f6nderilirler. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7ler de\u011fil, kozmik bir d\u00fczen i\u00e7inde g\u00f6rev yapan i\u015flevlilerdir.<\/p><p>Budist metinlerde Yamadutalar bir\u00e7ok rolde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar. \u00d6nemli bir metin, Pali Kanonu&#8217;nun <em>Devaduta Sutta<\/em>&#8216;s\u0131d\u0131r; bu metnin \u00f6n plan\u0131nda her insan\u0131 uyarmas\u0131 gereken &#8220;ilahi haberciler&#8221;, yani ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k, hastal\u0131k ve \u00f6l\u00fcm yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, \u00f6len ki\u015fiyi yakalay\u0131p Yama&#8217;n\u0131n huzuruna g\u00f6t\u00fcren cehennem habercilerinin daha somut betimlemeleri de mevcuttur. Yama, \u00f6l\u00fcye ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k, hastal\u0131k ve \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn uyar\u0131 i\u015faretlerini hayat\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcp g\u00f6rmedi\u011fini, ancak bunlara ra\u011fmen gereken dersi \u00e7\u0131karmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131r.<\/p><p>Korkun\u00e7 betimleme ile etik \u00f6\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcn bu i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7i\u015fi, Budist gelene\u011fin Yamadutalar\u0131 ele al\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7iminin belirleyici \u00f6zelli\u011fidir. Yamadutalar deh\u015fet fig\u00fcrleridir; ama bu deh\u015fetin \u00f6\u011fretici bir amac\u0131 vard\u0131r. Budist <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr i\u00e7inde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 ve d\u00fczeni hakk\u0131ndaki tasar\u0131m.\" tabindex=\"0\">kozmoloji<\/span> ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131, Budizm&#8217;in cehennem betimlemelerinin Karma yasas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir somutla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 olarak tasarland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kendi ba\u015f\u0131na bir ama\u00e7 g\u00fctmedi\u011fini vurgular.<\/p><p>Yamadutalar keyfi bir ceza uygulamaz; \u00f6lenin kendi eylemlerinin ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 hayata ge\u00e7irirler. Ger\u00e7ek yarg\u0131\u00e7, nihayetinde eylem ve sonu\u00e7 yasas\u0131n\u0131n kendisidir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp878f4cd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp878f4cd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp998f005 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp998f005\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cehennem Betimlemelerinde ve Tap\u0131nak Sanat\u0131nda Yamadutalar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpee0dfc1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpee0dfc1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp79205d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp79205d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Asya&#8217;n\u0131n Budist g\u00f6rsel sanat\u0131, ba\u015fta tap\u0131naklarda, duvar resimlerinde ve tomar resimlerde yer alan b\u00fcy\u00fck cehennem betimlemelerinde Yamadutalara s\u0131kl\u0131kla yer vermi\u015ftir. Bu g\u00f6rsel programlar, Yama&#8217;n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcler mahkemesini ve \u00e7e\u015fitli cehennemlerin cezalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu zaman \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir anlat\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fcyle g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serer.<\/p><p>Yamadutalar bu resimlerde uygulay\u0131c\u0131 bek\u00e7iler ve i\u015fkenceciler olarak belirir; s\u0131kl\u0131kla hayvansal \u00f6zelliklere, \u00f6rne\u011fin \u00f6k\u00fcz ya da at ba\u015flar\u0131na sahiptirler. Bu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"G\u00f6rsel i\u00e7erikleri ve anlamlar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyen bilim dal\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografi<\/span>, \u00f6zellikle Do\u011fu Asya gelene\u011finde belirgindir.<\/p><p>Bu t\u00fcr cehennem betimlemeleri a\u00e7\u0131k bir didaktik i\u015flev \u00fcstlenmi\u015ftir. Halk\u0131n g\u00f6rebilece\u011fi yerlere as\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve zararl\u0131 eylemlerin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131, metin bilgisi gerektirmeksizin anla\u015f\u0131labilir bir bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/p><p>Tayland&#8217;da, Tibet gelene\u011finde, \u00c7in&#8217;de, Kore&#8217;de ve Japonya&#8217;da bu g\u00f6rsel gelene\u011fin kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bi\u00e7imleri mevcuttur; ortak temel \u015fema b\u00f6lgesel \u00f6zelliklerle zenginle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p><p>Do\u011fu Asya varyant\u0131nda Hint miras\u0131, on \u00f6l\u00fcler \u00e2lemi kral\u0131 tasar\u0131m\u0131yla kayna\u015f\u0131r; Yama burada on yarg\u0131\u00e7tan biri olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar; bu, Koreli <a href=\"\/tr\/yeomra\/\">Yeomra<\/a> ile k\u0131yaslanabilir bir konumdur.<\/p><p>Din bilimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu g\u00f6rsel gelenek, Karma ve \u00f6l\u00fcler mahkemesi \u00f6\u011fretisinin halk dindarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na nas\u0131l aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir kaynak niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131r. Yamadutalar bu resimlerde soyut teolojik kavramlar olarak de\u011fil, somut ve \u00fcrk\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fc fig\u00fcrler olarak yer al\u0131r.<\/p><p>Sanat tarihi ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131, mevcut cehennem resimlerini Budist <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr i\u00e7inde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 ve d\u00fczeni hakk\u0131ndaki tasar\u0131m.\" tabindex=\"0\">kozmolojisinin<\/span> b\u00f6lgeler aras\u0131ndaki yay\u0131l\u0131m yollar\u0131n\u0131 izlemek i\u00e7in de kullanmaktad\u0131r; zira bu resimler, belirli tasar\u0131mlar\u0131n aktar\u0131m g\u00fczergahlar\u0131n\u0131 zaman ve mekan boyutunda g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serer.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7d98a5b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp7d98a5b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6fd93d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp6fd93d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hinduizm'de Yamaduta ve Yamadut<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp18a1d93 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp18a1d93\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2fb31db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2fb31db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yama habercileri tasar\u0131m\u0131, Budizm&#8217;in \u00f6tesinde Hinduizm&#8217;de de k\u00f6kl\u00fc bi\u00e7imde yer bulmu\u015ftur; bu gelenekte habercilere \u00e7o\u011funlukla <em>Yamadut<\/em> ad\u0131 verilir. Bir\u00e7ok Purana&#8217;da aktar\u0131lan \u00f6zellikle tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir anlat\u0131, Ajamila&#8217;y\u0131 konu al\u0131r.<\/p><p>Ajamila, k\u00f6t\u00fc bir hayat s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve \u00f6l\u00fcm an\u0131nda Yama habercilerince al\u0131nmak \u00fczere olan bir adamd\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcn e\u015fi\u011finde tesad\u00fcfen Vishnu&#8217;nun adlar\u0131ndan biri olan o\u011flunun ad\u0131n\u0131 seslenir. Bunun \u00fczerine Vishnu&#8217;nun habercileri, <em>Vishnudut<\/em>&#8216;lar, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar, Yama habercilerine kar\u015f\u0131 durur ve Ajamila&#8217;y\u0131 kurtar\u0131r.<\/p><p>Bu anlat\u0131 teolojik a\u00e7\u0131dan ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Vishnu&#8217;ya adanm\u0131\u015f geleneklerde, ilahi ad\u0131n kurtar\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn kan\u0131t\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r: Ad\u0131n istemeden bile seslendirilmesinin hay\u0131rl\u0131 bir etkisi oldu\u011fu \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p><p>Bu anlat\u0131da Yama habercileri eylem ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k aras\u0131ndaki kat\u0131 mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 cisimle\u015ftirirken, Vishnu habercileri bu mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015fabilen l\u00fctfu temsil eder. \u0130ki haberci grubu aras\u0131ndaki tart\u0131\u015fma, metinlerde hak ile l\u00fctuf \u00fczerine ger\u00e7ek bir m\u00fcnazara olarak i\u015flenir.<\/p><p>Din bilimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm, Yamadutalar\u0131n Hindistan&#8217;\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli din\u00ee ak\u0131mlar\u0131nda teolojik tutuma g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imlerde a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Karma merkezli bir \u00e7er\u00e7evede onlar ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz uygulay\u0131c\u0131lard\u0131r.<\/p><p>Adanma ve l\u00fctuf eksenli ak\u0131mlarda ise onlar, kurtar\u0131c\u0131 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir din i\u00e7inde tanr\u0131sal olarak y\u00fcceltilen varl\u0131k.\" tabindex=\"0\">tanr\u0131ya<\/span> y\u00f6nelmekle a\u015f\u0131labilecek bir kuruma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Yamadutalar, bu nedenle ortak bir mitolojik tasar\u0131m\u0131n farkl\u0131 din\u00ee sistemlerde nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fik bi\u00e7imlerde konumland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fini g\u00f6steren iyi bir g\u00f6sterge niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ek Ba\u011flant\u0131lar<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00d6nerilen dahili ba\u011flant\u0131lar:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/buddhismus\/\">Budizm<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/tr\/mara\/\">Mara<\/a>, <a href=\"\/tr\/preta\/\">Preta<\/a>, <a href=\"\/tr\/naraka-waechter\/\">Naraka Bek\u00e7ileri<\/a>, <a href=\"\/tr\/dakini\/\">Dakini<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/gallu\/\">Gallu<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/keres\/\">Keres<\/a> (paraleller)<\/li><li><a href=\"\/tr\/yama\/\">Yama<\/a> \u00f6l\u00fcler tanr\u0131s\u0131 olarak (Hinduizm)<\/li><li>Bardo Th\u00f6dol ve Tibet \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Literat\u00fcr\u00fc<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Temel kaynak ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan bir se\u00e7ki:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Cuevas, Bryan J.: <em>The Hidden History of the Tibetan Book of the Dead<\/em>. New York 2003.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Teiser, Stephen F.: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/uhpress.hawaii.edu\/title\/the-scripture-on-the-ten-kings-and-the-making-of-purgatory-in-medieval-chinese-buddhism\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Scripture on the Ten Kings<\/a><\/em>. Honolulu 1994.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Rhys Davids, Thomas W.: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sacred-texts.com\/bud\/sbe11\/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Buddhist Suttas<\/a><\/em>. Oxford 1881.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Gouin, Margaret: <em>Tibetan Rituals of Death<\/em>. London 2010.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Sadakata, Akira: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/buddhistcosmolog0000sada\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Buddhist Cosmology<\/a><\/em>. Tokyo 1997.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Kaynak\u00e7ada yer alan di\u011fer ba\u015fvuru eserleri: <a href=\"\/tr\/literatur\/\">Kaynak\u00e7a<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-yamaduta-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-yamaduta-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-yamaduta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-yamaduta-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-yamaduta-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Burada tan\u0131mlanan koruma prati\u011fi, tarihsel geleneklerin din bilimleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. iWell Guard, ta\u015f\u0131nabilir koruyucu nesnelerin bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrel-tarihsel gelene\u011fine ba\u011flanmakta ve bunun \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f bir bi\u00e7imini temsil etmektedir. <a href=\"\/tr\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">iWell Guard hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yamaduta, Budist Gelene\u011fin Ruhu Yama&#8217;n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm habercileri, karmik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin uygulay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131. Yamadutalar Naraka Sisteminde Yamadutalar, Vedik, Hindu ve Budist gelene\u011fin \u00f6l\u00fcler tanr\u0131s\u0131 Yama&#8217;n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm habercileridir. Garuda Purana&#8217;da ve Mahabharata&#8217;n\u0131n Naraka sisteminde, \u00f6l\u00fcm an\u0131n\u0131n hemen ard\u0131ndan ruhu alarak g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrler. G\u00f6revleri \u015funlard\u0131r: ruhun te\u015fhisi, ya\u015fam ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi, Vaitarani \u0131rma\u011f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7i\u015fte rehberlik etme ve ruhu Yamapuri&#8216;deki Yama mahkemesine teslim [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1697,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Yamaduta \u00f6l\u00fcm habercisi Yama","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Yamaduta - Budist Gelene\u011fin Ruhu","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Yamad\u016btalar, Budist-Hindu gelene\u011finde \u00f6l\u00fcler tanr\u0131s\u0131 Yama'n\u0131n hizmetindeki \u00f6l\u00fcm habercileridir. \u00d6l\u00fcm an\u0131nda ruhu almak i\u00e7in belirir ve Yama'n\u0131n mahkemesine g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrler.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"buddhismus","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-73024","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Yamaduta - Budist Gelene\u011fin Ruhu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Yamad\u016btalar, Budist-Hindu gelene\u011finde \u00f6l\u00fcler tanr\u0131s\u0131 Yama&#039;n\u0131n hizmetindeki \u00f6l\u00fcm habercileridir. \u00d6l\u00fcm an\u0131nda ruhu almak i\u00e7in belirir ve Yama&#039;n\u0131n mahkemesine g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrler.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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