{"id":72598,"date":"2026-08-01T21:59:55","date_gmt":"2026-08-01T21:59:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/khormusta-mogollarin-en-yuece-goekyuezue-tanrisi\/"},"modified":"2026-08-01T22:00:25","modified_gmt":"2026-08-01T22:00:25","slug":"khormusta","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/khormusta\/","title":{"rendered":"Khormusta &#8211; Mo\u011follar\u0131n En Y\u00fcce G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc Tanr\u0131s\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"72598\" class=\"elementor elementor-72598 elementor-2639\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Khormusta, Mo\u011follar\u0131n Budist-Tengrist Y\u00fcce Tanr\u0131s\u0131<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Khormusta (Mo\u011folca <em>Qormusta Tngri<\/em>, Tibet\u00e7e <em>brGya-byin<\/em>), Mo\u011fol Tengrizminde ve onun Budist bi\u00e7imlenmesinde 99 Tengri-G\u00f6kl\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn en y\u00fccesi ve 33 bat\u0131l\u0131-&#8220;beyaz&#8221; Tengri&#8217;nin \u00f6nderidir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Sibirya \/ Tengrism gelene\u011finin Yarat\u0131c\u0131's\u0131.\">Yarat\u0131c\u0131<\/span><a href=\"\/tr\/sibirya-samanizmi\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Sibirya \/ Tengrism gelene\u011finin mitolojisi.\">Sibirya \/ Tengrism<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Y\u00fcce tanr\u0131.\">Y\u00fcce Tanr\u0131<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Bu sayfada ba\\u015fl\\u0131k bulunamad\\u0131.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0130\u00e7indekiler\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-khormusta-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-khormusta-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-khormusta-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_khormusta-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2863\" alt=\"Khormusta - G\u00f6tter aus der Sibirisch-tengrismus-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_khormusta-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_khormusta-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_khormusta-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_khormusta.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp2-khormusta elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp2-khormusta\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp2-khormusta\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp2-khormusta\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp2-khormusta elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp2-khormusta\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Khormusta, Mo\u011fol ve Tibet senkretizmlerinde <strong>Budist-tengrist<\/strong> y\u00fcce tanr\u0131 olarak kabul g\u00f6rmektedir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma ve K\u0131sa Profil<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Khormusta, ge\u00e7 d\u00f6nem Mo\u011fol dininin \u00f6zellikle kapsaml\u0131 bi\u00e7imde belgelenmi\u015f fig\u00fcrlerinden biridir.<\/p><p>\u00dc\u00e7 katman aras\u0131nda bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131 olu\u015fturur: Hind-\u0130ran k\u00f6kenli Ahura Mazda (Pehlevice <em>Hormizd<\/em>), Budist Indra (Sanskrit\u00e7e <em>\u015aakra Dev\u0101n\u0101\u1e43 Indra<\/em>) ve eski T\u00fcrk-Mo\u011fol <a href=\"\/tr\/tengri\/\">Tengri<\/a>. Gizli Tarih anlat\u0131 gelene\u011finde ve sonraki destans\u0131 metinlerde (Geser Han Destan\u0131) &#8220;Bat\u0131daki 33 Tanr\u0131n\u0131n Babas\u0131&#8221; ve g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n hakemi olarak belirir.<\/p><p><a href=\"\/tr\/sibirya-samanizmi\/\">Sibirya-tengrist gelene\u011fi<\/a> i\u00e7inde, bi\u00e7imsiz Tengri&#8217;den ki\u015file\u015ftirilmi\u015f Budist tanr\u0131lar d\u00fcnyas\u0131na ge\u00e7i\u015fi simgeler. Din tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, din\u00ee <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Farkl\u0131 din\u00ee geleneklerden gelen tasar\u0131mlar\u0131n veya tanr\u0131lar\u0131n kayna\u015fmas\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">senkretizm<\/span>in nas\u0131l i\u015fledi\u011fine dair \u00f6rnek bir ders niteli\u011findedir.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Khormusta \u00fczerine ara\u015ft\u0131rma literat\u00fcr\u00fc, pek \u00e7ok di\u011fer Tengri fig\u00fcr\u00fcyle k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k bi\u00e7imde yo\u011fundur. Walther Heissig&#8217;in <em>Die Religionen der Mongolei<\/em> (1970) adl\u0131 eseri, Klaus Sagaster ve Christopher Atwood&#8217;un \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 kadar vazge\u00e7ilmezdir. Bu yo\u011funlu\u011fun a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 onun k\u00f6pr\u00fc i\u015flevindedir: Khormusta&#8217;y\u0131 inceleyen, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u0130ran, Hint ve Mo\u011fol dinini temas noktalar\u0131nda incelemi\u015f olur.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ad ve Etimoloji<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ad, orta Fars\u00e7a <em>Hormizd \/ Ohrmazd<\/em>&#8216;dan, yani Zerd\u00fc\u015ft \u0130ran&#8217;\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcce tanr\u0131s\u0131ndan (Ahura Mazda) t\u00fcremektedir. Aktar\u0131m, b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla 7. ile 9. y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131nda Sogd ticaret yollar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u0130\u00e7 Asya&#8217;ya ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p><p>Mo\u011folca konu\u015fulan co\u011frafyada ad, Tengri ekini al\u0131r (<em>Qormusta Tngri<\/em>); b\u00f6ylece \u0130ranl\u0131 y\u00fcce tanr\u0131 Mo\u011fol g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc sistemine dahil edilir; bu, din\u00ee <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Farkl\u0131 din\u00ee geleneklerden gelen tasar\u0131mlar\u0131n veya tanr\u0131lar\u0131n kayna\u015fmas\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">senkretizm<\/span>in klasik bir \u00f6rne\u011fidir.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Kesin dil ve din tarihi olduk\u00e7a karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r: \u0130\u00e7 Asya&#8217;n\u0131n vaha kentlerindeki (Turfan, Hotan, Semerkant) Sogd Maniheistleri ve Zerd\u00fc\u015ftleri b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla arac\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6revini \u00fcstlenmi\u015ftir. Hans-Joachim Klimkeit, <em>Die Seidenstra\u00dfe<\/em> (1988) adl\u0131 eserinde bu arac\u0131l\u0131k g\u00fczergahlar\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde yeniden kurmu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/p><p>Tibet \u00e7evirilerinde Khormusta, <em>brGya-byin<\/em> ya da <em>dBang-po brGya-byin<\/em> olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar; bu ifade Hint k\u00f6kenli \u015aakra Dev\u0101n\u0101\u1e43 Indra&#8217;y\u0131, yani &#8220;Binisimlinin Indras\u0131&#8221;n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lar. Bu \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirme onu kesin olarak Budist tanr\u0131lar sistemine entegre etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tasvir ve \u0130konografi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Budist etkisindeki Mo\u011fol sanat\u0131nda Khormusta, sa\u011f elinde y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m tac\u0131 (vajra, Mo\u011folca <em>otschir<\/em>), sol elinde dilek a\u011fac\u0131 tutan, lotus taht\u0131na oturmu\u015f ta\u00e7l\u0131 bir kral fig\u00fcr\u00fc olarak belirir. \u00dc\u00e7 ba\u015fl\u0131 Airavata fil \u00fczerinde iner; bu ikonografik \u00f6zellik onu kesin olarak Budist Indra ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirir.<\/p><p>Budizm \u00f6ncesi Mo\u011fol katmanlar\u0131nda, mevcut kaynaklar\u0131n izin verdi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yeniden kurulabildi\u011fi bi\u00e7imiyle, tasviri daha az belirlenmi\u015f durumdayd\u0131; yerle\u015fik g\u00f6rsel bi\u00e7imlerden \u00e7ok s\u00f6zl\u00fc <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bilginin ve anlat\u0131lar\u0131n nesiller boyunca aktar\u0131lmas\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">gelenekte<\/span> &#8220;99 Tengri&#8217;nin H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131&#8221; olarak yer al\u0131yordu. 13. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren ve \u00f6zellikle 16.-17. y\u00fczy\u0131llardan itibaren Mo\u011folistan&#8217;\u0131n Budistle\u015fmesiyle bug\u00fcn yayg\u0131n olan tantrik ikonografi yerle\u015fik hale gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Klaus Sagaster, <em>Die mongolische Religion<\/em> (1971) adl\u0131 eserinde Khormusta&#8217;n\u0131n g\u00f6rsel gelene\u011fini sistematik bi\u00e7imde kataloglam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015ea\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir g\u00f6zlem, Mo\u011fol halk bi\u00e7imlerinin s\u0131kl\u0131kla karma ikonografi sergilemesidir: vajra ta\u015f\u0131yan ta\u00e7l\u0131 bir sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131, ancak fil yerine beyaz at \u00fczerinde; bu, Budist standart formun halka uyarlanmas\u0131na i\u015faret eder.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mitolojik Anlat\u0131lar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Geser Han Destan\u0131&#8217;nda (Mo\u011folca ve Tibet\u00e7e versiyonlar\u0131) Khormusta, kahraman Geser&#8217;in zararl\u0131 varl\u0131klar taraf\u0131ndan dengesizle\u015ftirilmi\u015f d\u00fcnyay\u0131 yeniden d\u00fczene sokmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yery\u00fcz\u00fcne g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi kaynakt\u0131r. Khormusta burada g\u00f6ksel buyurucu olarak hareket eder ve Hint destanlar\u0131nda Indra&#8217;ya d\u00fc\u015fecek i\u015flevi \u00fcstlenir.<\/p><p>\u0130kinci bir anlat\u0131, bat\u0131l\u0131 beyaz 33 Tengri ile siyah Han <em>Atai Ulan<\/em> \u00f6nderli\u011findeki do\u011fulu siyah 44 Tengri aras\u0131ndaki sava\u015f\u0131 anlat\u0131r; Khormusta y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m tac\u0131n\u0131 yaratarak galip gelir ve kozmik d\u00fczeni g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131r. Bu d\u00fcalist sava\u015f anlat\u0131s\u0131 belirgin Zerd\u00fc\u015ft\u00e7e izler ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Mo\u011follar\u0131n Gizli Tarihi&#8217;nde (1240) Khormusta do\u011frudan an\u0131lmaz; ancak sonraki gelenek, &#8220;M\u00f6ngke Tengri&#8221; form\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc zaman zaman onunla \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirir. Igor de Rachewiltz, Brill \u015ferhinde (2004) bu sonraki \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirmeyi ele\u015ftirel bi\u00e7imde ele alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">K\u00fclt ve Tap\u0131nma<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Khormusta <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir tanr\u0131ya veya kutsal varl\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelik din\u00ee tap\u0131nma eylemlerinin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc.\" tabindex=\"0\">k\u00fclt\u00fc<\/span> tarihsel olarak Yuan d\u00f6neminden itibaren Mo\u011fol saray\u0131nda k\u00f6k salm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kubilay Han taraf\u0131ndan Tibet-Budist saray rit\u00fceli \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde sistematik bi\u00e7imde entegre edilmi\u015ftir. 17. ve 18. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda, Gelug Okulu&#8217;nun etkisiyle, birka\u00e7 bannerin manast\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n koruyucu tanr\u0131s\u0131 konumuna getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p><p>Halk d\u00fczeyinde Khormusta, Ovoo rit\u00fcellerinde dileklerin hitap etti\u011fi \u00fcst merci olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar; t\u00fcts\u00fc (Mo\u011folca <em>sang<\/em>) ona sabah\u0131n ilk saatlerinde sunulur, &#8220;Qormusta Tngri \u00f6ber\u00f6\u00f6&#8221; (&#8220;Khormusta bizzat&#8221;) s\u00f6zleri pek \u00e7ok yakar\u0131\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7ar. Caroline Humphrey bunu <em>Shamans and Elders<\/em> (1996) adl\u0131 eserinde ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde betimlemi\u015ftir.<\/p><p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Mo\u011folistan&#8217;\u0131nda Khormusta ba\u015fta manast\u0131r Budizmi&#8217;nde ya\u015famaktad\u0131r; baz\u0131 manast\u0131rlar (Ulaanbaatar&#8217;daki Gandan) y\u0131ll\u0131k Khormusta lit\u00fcrjileri d\u00fczenlemektedir. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra baz\u0131 neo-tengrist gruplar\u0131n repertuar\u0131n\u0131n da par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r; ancak bu gruplar onu zaman zaman &#8220;fazla Budist&#8221; bularak geri planda tutmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Koruma Prati\u011fi ve Apotropaik Unsurlar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Din bilimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan betimlendi\u011finde: Khormusta kompleksindeki koruma prati\u011fi, Budizm&#8217;deki &#8220;sekiz b\u00fcy\u00fck tanr\u0131&#8221; kavram\u0131 ve Tantra koruma mandalalar\u0131yla s\u0131k\u0131 bi\u00e7imde i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Yayg\u0131n apotropaik unsurlar ard\u0131\u00e7 t\u00fcts\u00fcs\u00fc yakmak, <em>khadag<\/em> (mavi bereket bezleri) asmak ve <em>Sang<\/em> metnini okumakt\u0131r. Khormusta bu ba\u011flamda somut hastal\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir koruyucu tanr\u0131 de\u011fil, genel bir \u0131\u015f\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak kabul g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p><p>\u00d6zel bir bi\u00e7im, <em>Khormusta-Sang<\/em> adl\u0131 lit\u00fcrji metnidir; ev ve avluyu ar\u0131nd\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik bu metin, 17. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren \u00e7e\u015fitli Mo\u011folca bask\u0131larda (Pekin, Urga) aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Klaus Sagaster ele\u015ftirel bir bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><p>Halk prati\u011finde Khormusta do\u011frudan bir koruma dile\u011finin muhatab\u0131 olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmaz; ki\u015filer daha \u00e7ok onun haberlerine ya da yere ba\u011fl\u0131 Yer-Sub g\u00fc\u00e7lerine ba\u015fvurur. Bu arac\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131s\u0131 Mo\u011fol dini i\u00e7in tipiktir ve tipolojik a\u00e7\u0131dan Tanr\u0131&#8217;ya de\u011fil bir azize y\u00f6nelmeyi tercih eden Katolik prati\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Di\u011fer K\u00fclt\u00fcrlerdeki Paraleller<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Do\u011frudan Ahura Mazda (\u0130ran), Indra (Hindistan), \u015aakra (Budizm) ve Heng-O merkez tanr\u0131lar\u0131yla (\u00c7in) ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Sibirya&#8217;n\u0131n kendi i\u00e7inde <a href=\"\/tr\/uelgen\/\">\u00dclgen<\/a> ile belirli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde analoji ta\u015f\u0131r; ancak Khormusta&#8217;n\u0131n Budist-tantrik ki\u015file\u015fmesi \u00e7ok daha belirgindir.<\/p><p>\u00d6zellikle ilgi \u00e7ekici bir paralellik, Daocu gelenekteki \u00c7in&#8217;in Yuanshi Tianzun&#8217;u ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirmedir; bu ili\u015fki \u00e7e\u015fitli Mo\u011fol-\u00c7in senkretizmlerinde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar. Christopher Atwood&#8217;un Ansiklopedisi bu \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirmeyi &#8220;\u00e7ok katmanl\u0131 y\u00fcce tanr\u0131&#8221; \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak ele almaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Daha geni\u015f bir kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 perspektiften bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Khormusta, birden fazla dil ve din s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 a\u015farak kendi soy k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc koruyan &#8220;g\u00f6\u00e7men tanr\u0131lar&#8221; i\u00e7in tipolojik bir ders \u00f6rne\u011fidir. Bu t\u00fcr g\u00f6\u00e7men tanr\u0131lar Khormusta kadar d\u00fczg\u00fcn belgelenmi\u015f olarak nadiren kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Al\u0131mlanmas\u0131 ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Khormusta, Walther Heissig, Klaus Sagaster (<em>Die mongolische Religion<\/em>, 1971), Christopher Atwood (<em>Encyclopedia of Mongolia<\/em>, 2004) b\u00fcnyesindeki Mo\u011folbilim ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n ve Rus gelene\u011finde N. L. \u017dukovskaja&#8217;n\u0131n inceleme konusudur. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Mo\u011folistan Budizmi&#8217;nde h\u00e2l\u00e2 canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekte; neo-tengrist yaz\u0131nda ise zaman zaman &#8220;fazla Budist&#8221; bulunarak geri planda tutulmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p><p>Ayr\u0131 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma kolu, Khormusta-Geser gelene\u011fiyle s\u00f6zl\u00fc ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 destan bi\u00e7imi olarak ilgilenmektedir. Geser Han Destan\u0131 1716&#8217;da Bruno Gallinucci taraf\u0131ndan Avrupa&#8217;da ilk kez an\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, 1839&#8217;dan itibaren (Schmidt) sistematik bi\u00e7imde \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir; Walther Heissig&#8217;in ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7evresi, Khormusta ile ili\u015fkisini yeni bir \u0131\u015f\u0131k alt\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Mo\u011folistan&#8217;\u0131nda Khormusta, Cengiz Han&#8217;\u0131n 800. y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc t\u00f6renlerinde (2006) yeniden &#8220;Mo\u011fol y\u00fcce tanr\u0131s\u0131&#8221; olarak an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r; bu, 21. y\u00fczy\u0131lda din tarihinin kimlik siyasetiyle nas\u0131l i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7ti\u011finin somut bir \u00f6rne\u011fidir.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve A\u00e7\u0131k Sorular<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>En \u00f6nemli ara\u015ft\u0131rma tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 katmanlar\u0131n s\u0131ralamas\u0131na ili\u015fkindir: Khormusta \u00f6nce \u0130ranl\u0131 Hormizd miydi, ard\u0131ndan Tengri sistemine mi girdi ve son olarak Budizm taraf\u0131ndan Indra ile mi \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirildi? Yoksa \u0130ranl\u0131 ad\u0131n sonradan eklendi\u011fi daha eski \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir katman mevcut mudur?<\/p><p>\u0130kinci bir tart\u0131\u015fma, &#8220;99 Tengri&#8221; tasar\u0131m\u0131 \u00fczerine yo\u011funla\u015fmaktad\u0131r: Bu say\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcn Mo\u011fol k\u00f6kenli midir yoksa Budist ithal mi? Walther Heissig Budizm \u00f6ncesi bir k\u00f6ke i\u015faret etmi\u015ftir; daha yeni ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar (P. K. Kozin) buna \u015f\u00fcpheyle yakla\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Son olarak: Khormusta, Sibirya \u015faman diniyle nas\u0131l bir ili\u015fki i\u00e7indedir? Buryatlar aras\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bi\u00e7imde belirirken Tuvalar ve Altayl\u0131lar aras\u0131nda neredeyse g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez. Bu co\u011frafi asimetri din tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan son derece ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r ve sistematik bir incelemeyi beklemektedir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0130\u00e7 Mo\u011folistan Dininde Khormusta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0130\u00e7 Mo\u011folistan&#8217;daki (bug\u00fcn \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti eyaleti) Khormusta&#8217;n\u0131n konumu \u00f6zel bir incelemeyi hak etmektedir. Burada Budist etki en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc d\u00fczeydedir; buna ek olarak \u00c7in-Daocu etkiler de devreye girmektedir. Khormusta, \u00e7e\u015fitli \u0130\u00e7 Mo\u011fol manast\u0131rlar\u0131nda (Wudangzhao gibi) Daocu Yu-Huang Shangdi ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilir; tarihsel olarak g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckle a\u015f\u0131labilecek \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Farkl\u0131 din\u00ee geleneklerden gelen tasar\u0131mlar\u0131n veya tanr\u0131lar\u0131n kayna\u015fmas\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">senkretizm<\/span> s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Christopher Atwood, <em>Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire<\/em> (2004) adl\u0131 eserinde bu \u00e7ok katmanl\u0131 \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirmeyi yeniden kurmu\u015f ve Khormusta&#8217;n\u0131n \u0130ran-Zerd\u00fc\u015ft, Hint-Budist ve \u00c7in-Daocu olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 din\u00ee d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc aras\u0131nda nas\u0131l k\u00f6pr\u00fc i\u015flevi g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bu k\u00f6pr\u00fc i\u015flevi bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131dan e\u015fsizdir.<\/span><\/p><p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Mo\u011fol kimlik siyasetinde Khormusta, kimi zaman &#8220;dikkat \u00e7ekici bir senkretist&#8221; olarak y\u00fcceltilmekte, kimi zaman ise &#8220;\u00f6zg\u00fcn Tengri&#8217;nin Budist \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc&#8221; olarak ele\u015ftirel bir de\u011ferlendirmeye tabi tutulmaktad\u0131r. Her iki de\u011ferlendirme de din tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan somut ve siyasi a\u00e7\u0131dan ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s10 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s10h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s10h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kaynaklar ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezine Ba\u011flant\u0131<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s10c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s10c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s10t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s10t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Khormusta kompleksini t\u00fcm geni\u015fli\u011fiyle incelemek isteyenler, <a href=\"\/tr\/sibirya-samanizmi\/\">Sibirya-Tengrist Gelene\u011fi<\/a> genel bak\u0131\u015f sayfas\u0131nda <a href=\"\/tr\/tengri\/\">Tengri<\/a> (eski katman), <a href=\"\/tr\/uelgen\/\">\u00dclgen<\/a> (G\u00fcney Sibirya paraleli) ve <a href=\"\/tr\/asbuiga\/\">Asbuiga<\/a> (alt yard\u0131mc\u0131 ruh katman\u0131) gibi ilgili fig\u00fcrlere y\u00f6nelik en \u00f6nemli \u00e7apraz referanslar\u0131 bulabilir.<\/p><p>Walther Heissig&#8217;in <em>Die Religionen der Mongolei<\/em> (1970) ve Klaus Sagaster&#8217;in <em>Die mongolische Religion<\/em> (1971) adl\u0131 eserleri vazge\u00e7ilmez ba\u015fvuru kaynaklar\u0131 niteli\u011findedir. Geser Han gelene\u011fi i\u00e7in Walther Heissig&#8217;in Brill cildi (1983) merkezi bir kaynak olma \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p><p>N. L. \u017dukovskaja&#8217;n\u0131n <em>Kategorii i simvolika tradicionnoj kul&#8217;tury mongolov<\/em> (1988) adl\u0131 eseri en \u00f6nemli Rus\u00e7a sentezi sunmaktad\u0131r. Caroline Humphrey&#8217;nin 1990&#8217;lar ve 2000&#8217;lere ait etnografik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ise tabloya \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f bir derinlik katmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s11 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s11\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s11h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s11h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Geser Han Gelene\u011finde Khormusta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s11c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s11c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s11t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s11t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Khormustas&#8217;n\u0131n \u0130\u00e7 Asya&#8217;n\u0131n en an\u0131tsal s\u00f6zl\u00fc kahraman destanlar\u0131ndan biri olan Geser Han Destan\u0131&#8217;ndaki rol\u00fc derinlikli bir incelemeyi hak etmektedir. Destan Mo\u011folca, Tibet\u00e7e ve Buryat\u00e7a versiyonlarda mevcuttur; genellikle birka\u00e7 bin dize kapsar ve birden fazla geceye yay\u0131lan performanslarda icra edilir.<\/p><p>T\u00fcm versiyonlarda Khormusta, zararl\u0131 varl\u0131klar taraf\u0131ndan dengesizle\u015ftirilmi\u015f d\u00fcnyay\u0131 yeniden d\u00fczene sokmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kahraman Geser&#8217;i yery\u00fcz\u00fcne g\u00f6nderen g\u00f6ksel buyurucu konumundad\u0131r. Bu anlat\u0131sal i\u015flev tipolojik a\u00e7\u0131dan Hint Avatara anlat\u0131lar\u0131nda Indra&#8217;n\u0131n \u00fcstlendi\u011fi role kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelir.<\/p><p>Walther Heissig, Geser Han Destan\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n ele\u015ftirel edisyonunu \u00e7ok say\u0131da ciltte haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; Brill cildi (1983) standart edisyon niteli\u011findedir. 21. y\u00fczy\u0131lda destan, Mo\u011fol k\u00fclt\u00fcr kimli\u011finin merkezi bir unsuru olarak ya\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130\u00e7 Mo\u011folistan&#8217;da yeniden canlanma ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s12 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s12h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s12h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Y\u00f6ntemsel De\u011ferlendirme<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s12c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s12c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s12t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s12t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Khormusta ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda birka\u00e7 y\u00f6ntemsel sorunla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Birincisi: \u00c7ok katmanl\u0131 din\u00ee yap\u0131 (\u0130ranl\u0131, Hintli, Mo\u011fol, \u00c7inli) a\u00e7\u0131k bir soy k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olu\u015fturmay\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirmektedir. Tarihsel dilbilim baz\u0131 ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 sunmakla birlikte pek \u00e7ok ge\u00e7i\u015f noktas\u0131 spek\u00fclatif kalmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>\u0130kincisi: Budist katman iyi belgelenmi\u015ftir (manast\u0131r metinleri, ikonografi), ancak Budizm \u00f6ncesi katman yaln\u0131zca dolayl\u0131 yoldan yeniden kurulabilmektedir. Walther Heissig&#8217;in katman modeli bug\u00fcn k\u0131smen revize edilmektedir.<\/p><p>\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc: Mo\u011folistan ve \u0130\u00e7 Mo\u011folistan&#8217;daki g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Khormusta prati\u011fi farkl\u0131 siyasi ve din\u00ee ba\u011flamlarda yer almaktad\u0131r; bu durum tek tip bir betimlemeyi y\u00f6ntemsel a\u00e7\u0131dan sorunlu k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s13 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s13\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s13h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s13h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Mo\u011fol Kimlik Siyasetinde Khormusta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s13c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s13c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s13t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s13t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Mo\u011fol kimlik siyaseti Khormusta&#8217;y\u0131, Mo\u011folistan&#8217;\u0131n \u0130ran, Hindistan ve Do\u011fu Asya aras\u0131ndaki k\u00f6pr\u00fc i\u015flevini simgeleyen &#8220;kozmopolit bir y\u00fcce tanr\u0131&#8221; olarak bilin\u00e7li bi\u00e7imde kullanmaktad\u0131r. Bu yorum, Mo\u011fol K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n 2010&#8217;lardan itibaren haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 resmi yay\u0131nlarda da propagandas\u0131 yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131dan bu kimlik siyaseti ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r: Khormusta&#8217;y\u0131, din\u00ee \u00e7o\u011fulculu\u011fun sorun de\u011fil g\u00fc\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir &#8220;Mo\u011fol kozmopo\u011flis&#8221;in cisimle\u015fmesi h\u00e2line getirmektedir. Bu bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, tektanr\u0131l\u0131 kimlik modelleriyle belirgin bir kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131k i\u00e7indedir.<\/p><p>Caroline Humphrey, \u00e7e\u015fitli makalelerinde Khormusta&#8217;n\u0131n bu siyasi sahipleniminin bizzat kendisinin din\u00ee bir pratik oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir; manast\u0131r gelene\u011fiyle bir arada var olan sek\u00fcler tap\u0131nman\u0131n bir bi\u00e7imidir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s14 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s14\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s14h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s14h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Y\u00f6ntemsel Ders \u00d6rne\u011fi Olarak Khormusta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s14c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s14c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s14t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s14t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Khormusta, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dinleri kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 ve inan\u00e7 ba\u011f\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131ran bilim dal\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">din bilimleri<\/span> i\u00e7in ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir y\u00f6ntemsel ders \u00f6rne\u011fidir. Din\u00ee bir kavram\u0131n iki biny\u0131l boyunca \u00fc\u00e7 dilsel ve \u00fc\u00e7 din\u00ee ba\u011flam\u0131 i\u015flev odaklar\u0131n\u0131 yitirmeksizin nas\u0131l ge\u00e7ebildi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir: y\u00fcce tanr\u0131, yarat\u0131c\u0131, d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeninin g\u00fcvencesi. B\u00f6ylesi bir istikrar din fenomenolojisi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan nadirdir.<\/p><p>\u00d6te yandan \u00f6z\u00fc d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ge\u00e7irir: \u0130ran-Zerd\u00fc\u015ft k\u00f6kenli Hormizd&#8217;den Hint-Budist Indra e\u015fde\u011feri Khormusta&#8217;ya, oradan Mo\u011fol-tengrist Tengri kompleksiyle kayna\u015fmaya uzanan bir yol izlenir. Bu e\u015f zamanl\u0131 istikrar-d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm dinami\u011fi, din antropolojisi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan birinci derecede bir inceleme vakas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><p>Klaus Sagaster bu dinami\u011fi <em>Die mongolische Religion<\/em> (1971) adl\u0131 eserinde &#8220;din\u00ee transfer&#8221; i\u00e7in model vaka olarak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemi\u015ftir. Christopher Atwood, Ansiklopedisi&#8217;nde (2004) bulguyu daha da keskinle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Gen\u00e7 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar i\u00e7in Khormusta, verimli bir inceleme nesnesidir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s15 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s15\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s15h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s15h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mo\u011fol Manast\u0131r Literat\u00fcr\u00fcnde Khormusta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s15c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s15c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-s15t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-s15t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Khormusta&#8217;n\u0131n \u00e7ok say\u0131da lit\u00fcrji metninde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 17. ile 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l Mo\u011fol manast\u0131r literat\u00fcr\u00fc derinlikli bir incelemeyi hak etmektedir. Pekin, Urga ve Lhasa&#8217;dan gelen bask\u0131lar, Khormusta-Sang metinlerini, Khormusta-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Kreisf\u00f6rmiges Diagramm, das in Hinduismus und Buddhismus den Kosmos abbildet.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mandala<\/span> betimlemelerini ve Tibet\u00e7eden yap\u0131lan Khormusta-Tantra \u00e7evirilerini i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p><p>Klaus Sagaster, do\u00e7entlik tezinde (1976) en \u00f6nemli Mo\u011folca Khormusta metinlerinin ele\u015ftirel edisyonunu haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu edisyon bug\u00fcn Mo\u011folbilim din ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n en de\u011ferli yard\u0131mc\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r ve ciddi her Khormusta \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda ba\u015fvurulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><p>Metinler, \u00f6z\u00fcnde \u0130ran-Budist olan Khormusta&#8217;n\u0131n Mo\u011fol manast\u0131r gelene\u011finde kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc lit\u00fcrjileri, pratikleri ve ikonografik kurallar\u0131yla ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir fig\u00fcre nas\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sermektedir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2047651f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2047651f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2230923b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2230923b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Eski Bir G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc Tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n Budist D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp266018fd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp266018fd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2cafb229 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2cafb229\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Khormusta<\/em> ad\u0131 (Mo\u011folcada ayr\u0131ca <em>Qormusta<\/em>, <em>Khurmasta<\/em> bi\u00e7imleriyle de ge\u00e7er), Mo\u011fol din tarihinin kapal\u0131 bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, farkl\u0131 k\u00f6kenli katmanlar\u0131 \u00fcst \u00fcste y\u0131\u011fd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren en a\u00e7\u0131k kan\u0131tlardan biridir.<\/p><p>Dilbilimsel a\u00e7\u0131dan ad, Sogdca ve Uygurca arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u0130ranca <em>Ahura Mazda<\/em>&#8216;ya dayanmaktad\u0131r. Orta Asya&#8217;n\u0131n Maniheist ve Budist metinleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla T\u00fcrk-Mo\u011fol d\u00fcnyas\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nan bu isim, orada g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn en y\u00fcce efendisine ili\u015fkin \u00f6nceden var olan bir tasar\u0131ma eklemlendi.<\/p><p>Mo\u011folistan&#8217;\u0131n Budist literat\u00fcr\u00fcnde Khormusta, Hint panteonunun tanr\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Indra ile kayna\u015f\u0131r; Indra, <em>Trayastrimsha<\/em> g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn efendisi ve \u00f6\u011fretinin koruyucusu olarak yer al\u0131r.<\/p><p>Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7le ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir din i\u00e7inde tanr\u0131sal olarak y\u00fcceltilen varl\u0131k.\" tabindex=\"0\">tanr\u0131<\/span>, Budist kozmoloji modeline yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir tanr\u0131lar beyi h\u00e2line geldi; y\u00fcksek bir konuma sahip olmakla birlikte Buda ve Bodhisattva&#8217;lar\u0131n alt\u0131nda kalmaktad\u0131r. Bu s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma bir yan etki de\u011fil, kas\u0131tl\u0131 bir din siyaseti \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcyd\u00fc: 16. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren Tibet Budizmi&#8217;nin yay\u0131lmas\u0131, eski g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc tanr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmay\u0131 de\u011fil, hiyerar\u015fik olarak ast konuma yerle\u015ftirmeyi gerektiriyordu.<\/p><p>Kaynak ele\u015ftirisi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan vurgulanmas\u0131 gereken, Khormusta&#8217;ya ili\u015fkin neredeyse t\u00fcm yaz\u0131l\u0131 tan\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131n Budist ba\u011flamlardan geldi\u011fidir; Geser Destan\u0131&#8217;ndaki yakar\u0131\u015flar ya da rit\u00fcel el yazmalar\u0131 bunlara \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterilebilir. Fig\u00fcr\u00fcn Budizm \u00f6ncesi bi\u00e7imi bu kaynaklardan yaln\u0131zca dolayl\u0131 yoldan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilir.<\/p><p>Walther Heissig gibi ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, destanda Khormusta&#8217;n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131rk dokuz ya da otuz \u00fc\u00e7 Tengri&#8217;nin, b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla ancak Hint-Budist tanr\u0131 say\u0131 \u015femas\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fma sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ikincil bir sistemle\u015ftirmeyi temsil etti\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir.<\/p><p>Sibirya-tengrist <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bilginin ve anlat\u0131lar\u0131n nesiller boyunca aktar\u0131lmas\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">gelene\u011fi<\/span>ni anlamak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu \u015fu anlama gelmektedir: Khormusta, <a href=\"\/tr\/sibirya-samanizmi\/\">Tengrism<\/a>&#8216;in dura\u011fan bir sistem olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yabanc\u0131 ad ve kavramlar\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcmseyen ve bunlar\u0131 kendi tasar\u0131mlar\u0131yla harmanland\u0131ran ge\u00e7irgen bir alan oldu\u011funu \u00f6rneksel bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6stermektedir. Fig\u00fcr\u00fc yaln\u0131zca Mo\u011fol k\u00f6kenli olarak yorumlayanlar, ad\u0131nda bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr olan Orta Asya arac\u0131l\u0131k tarihini g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmi\u015f olur.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literat\u00fcr (Se\u00e7me)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Walther Heissig: <em>Die Religionen der Mongolei<\/em> (1970)<\/li><li>Klaus Sagaster: <em>Die mongolische Religion<\/em> (1971)<\/li><li>Christopher Atwood: <em>Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire<\/em> (2004)<\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Igor de Rachewiltz: <em>The Secret History of the Mongols<\/em> (Brill, 2004)<\/span><\/li><li>N. L. \u017dukovskaja: <em>Kategorii i simvolika tradicionnoj kul&#8217;tury mongolov<\/em> (1988)<\/li><li>Caroline Humphrey: <em>Shamans and Elders<\/em> (1996)<\/li><li>Roberte Hamayon: <em>La chasse \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e2me<\/em> (1990)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-khormusta e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-khormusta\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-khormusta-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-khormusta-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Khormusta \u00e7evresindeki <strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tanr\u0131lar, k\u00f6kenler ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00fczeni hakk\u0131nda ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa aktar\u0131lan anlat\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span><\/strong>, tengrist g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc tasar\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 Budist katmanlarla birle\u015ftirir; en \u00f6nemli <strong>kaynaklar<\/strong> Mo\u011fol kronikeleri, Geser destanlar\u0131 ve Tibet etkili rit\u00fcel metinleridir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>\u0130lgili anahtar kavramlar: Khormusta Qormusta Tngri Geser Han Ahura Mazda Indra Mo\u011fol y\u00fcce tanr\u0131s\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-khormusta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard ve Koruma Gelenekleri<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard, <a href=\"\/tr\/sibirya-samanizmi\/\">Sibirya \/ Tengrism<\/a> gelene\u011fi ve d\u00fcnya genelinde pek \u00e7ok ba\u015fka k\u00fclt\u00fcrde var olan ta\u015f\u0131nabilir koruyucu nesnelerin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel-tarihsel gelene\u011fine ba\u011flanmaktad\u0131r. 41 katman, alt\u0131n saf, platin, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, Almanya&#8217;da \u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. 30 g\u00fcn iade hakk\u0131.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">iWell Guard hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">iWell Guard hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Ki\u015fisel deneyimler farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterebilir. T\u0131bbi \u00fcr\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Sa\u011fl\u0131k vaadi i\u00e7ermez.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-khormusta-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-khormusta-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>t\u0131bbi bir \u00fcr\u00fcn de\u011fildir<\/strong> ve hi\u00e7bir t\u0131bbi ya da psikoterap\u00f6tik tedavinin yerini tutmaz. Din bilimleri i\u00e7erikleri k\u00fclt\u00fcrel-tarihsel s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmad\u0131r; manevi uygulama tavsiyesi niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131maz.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Khormusta, Mo\u011follar\u0131n Budist-Tengrist Y\u00fcce Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Khormusta (Mo\u011folca Qormusta Tngri, Tibet\u00e7e brGya-byin), Mo\u011fol Tengrizminde ve onun Budist bi\u00e7imlenmesinde 99 Tengri-G\u00f6kl\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn en y\u00fccesi ve 33 bat\u0131l\u0131-&#8220;beyaz&#8221; Tengri&#8217;nin \u00f6nderidir. Yarat\u0131c\u0131Sibirya \/ TengrismY\u00fcce Tanr\u0131 \u0130\u00e7indekiler Khormusta, Mo\u011fol ve Tibet senkretizmlerinde Budist-tengrist y\u00fcce tanr\u0131 olarak kabul g\u00f6rmektedir. S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma ve K\u0131sa Profil Khormusta, ge\u00e7 d\u00f6nem Mo\u011fol dininin \u00f6zellikle kapsaml\u0131 bi\u00e7imde belgelenmi\u015f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2863,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Khormusta Mo\u011fol y\u00fcce tanr\u0131s\u0131","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Khormusta - Mo\u011follar\u0131n Y\u00fcce G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc Tanr\u0131s\u0131, Mit ve Kaynaklar","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Khormusta, Mo\u011follar\u0131n en y\u00fcce g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc tanr\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r; \u0130ran-Budist ve tengrist katmanlar\u0131n kayna\u015fmas\u0131ndan olu\u015fur. Mit ve kaynaklar.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"1","wesen_kultur":"sibirisch-tengrismus","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-72598","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Khormusta - Mo\u011follar\u0131n Y\u00fcce G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc Tanr\u0131s\u0131, Mit ve Kaynaklar<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Khormusta, Mo\u011follar\u0131n en y\u00fcce g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc tanr\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r; \u0130ran-Budist ve tengrist katmanlar\u0131n kayna\u015fmas\u0131ndan olu\u015fur. 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