{"id":72499,"date":"2026-08-01T21:53:43","date_gmt":"2026-08-01T21:53:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/padmasambhava-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-01T21:54:10","modified_gmt":"2026-08-01T21:54:10","slug":"padmasambhava","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/padmasambhava\/","title":{"rendered":"Padmasambhava"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"72499\" class=\"elementor elementor-72499 elementor-3039\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52e9a7d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"52e9a7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56d75fc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"56d75fc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf05bfb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bf05bfb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26a6dac elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"26a6dac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Padmasambhava, Tibet Budizminin kurucusu<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a21472 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a21472\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tibet <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bilginin ve anlat\u0131lar\u0131n nesiller boyunca aktar\u0131lmas\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">gelene\u011finde<\/span> Padmasambhava, Budizmi Tibet&#8217;e kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak yerle\u015ftiren ve pek \u00e7ok koruma rit\u00fcelinin temelini atan Tantra ustas\u0131 olarak kabul edilmektedir. Padmasambhava (&#8220;Lotustan Do\u011fan&#8221;), Tibet\u00e7ede \u00e7o\u011funlukla Guru Rinpoche veya Padmakara olarak an\u0131l\u0131r ve Tibet Vajrayana Budizminin merkezi kurucusu say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bilginin ve anlat\u0131lar\u0131n nesiller boyunca aktar\u0131lmas\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">Gelenek<\/span>, onu 8. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda Hint tantras\u0131n\u0131n Tibet&#8217;e aktar\u0131lmas\u0131yla ili\u015fkilendirir. Tibet&#8217;in en eski okulu olan Nyingma&#8217;da &#8220;ikinci Buda&#8221; olarak y\u00fcceltilmektedir. Din tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tarihsel varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 olmakla birlikte, aktar\u0131lan imgesi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde efsanevi bir \u00e7er\u00e7eveyle \u015fekillendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc4c9fa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cc4c9fa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-695667b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"695667b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Tanr\u0131 \/ Tanr\u0131\u00e7a: Bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn panteonunda ki\u015file\u015ftirilmi\u015f y\u00fcce g\u00fc\u00e7; do\u011fa kuvvetleri, kader, sava\u015f ve bereket gibi belirgin sorumluluk alanlar\u0131yla. K\u00fcltler, kurbanlar ve tap\u0131nak kurumlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla y\u00fcceltilir.\">Tanr\u0131<\/span><a href=\"\/tr\/budizm\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bodhisattvalar, koruyucu tanr\u0131lar, a\u00e7l\u0131k ruhlar\u0131 ve cehennem bek\u00e7ileriyle Budist gelenek.\">Budizm<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13f9eb5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"13f9eb5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-411777f elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"411777f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Bu sayfada ba\\u015fl\\u0131k bulunamad\\u0131.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0130\u00e7indekiler\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__411777f\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__411777f\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__411777f\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08182e7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"08182e7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-864be76 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"864be76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_padmasambhava-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3277\" alt=\"Padmasambhava - G\u00f6tter aus der Buddhismus-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_padmasambhava-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_padmasambhava-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_padmasambhava-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_padmasambhava.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5748d05 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5748d05\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11a7ae0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"11a7ae0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-882952f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"882952f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tarihsel Arka Plan<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df1a168 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"df1a168\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az say\u0131daki \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f kaynak, Kral Trisong Detsen d\u00f6neminde (yakla\u015f\u0131k 755-797 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr) Tibet&#8217;e davet edilen, Hint ya da Oddiyana k\u00f6kenli bir Tantra \u00f6\u011fretmeninden s\u00f6z etmektedir.<\/p><p>Oddiyana, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011funlukla bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Pakistan&#8217;daki Swat Vadisi ya da Do\u011fu Hindistan&#8217;daki Odisha ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilmektedir. Kral, bir tantrik\u00e7iye ihtiya\u00e7 duymu\u015ftur; zira Hint manast\u0131r \u00f6\u011fretmeni Shantarakshita, Tibet&#8217;in ilk manast\u0131r\u0131 olan Samye&#8217;yi in\u015fa ederken yerli ruhlar\u0131n direnciyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><p>Padmasambhava&#8217;n\u0131n bu ruhlar\u0131 boyun e\u011fdirerek Budist sisteme koruyucu tanr\u0131lar olarak dahil etti\u011fi rivayet edilmektedir. Samye&#8217;nin kurulu\u015f tarihi geleneksel olarak 779 y\u0131l\u0131na dayand\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. David Snellgrove ve Hugh Richardson (&#8220;A Cultural History of Tibet&#8221;, Londra 1968), bu tarihsel \u00e7ekirde\u011fi makul bulmakla birlikte pek \u00e7ok mitolojik s\u00fcslemeyi sonraki d\u00f6nem efsane olu\u015fumuna atfetmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>En kapsaml\u0131 kaynaklar olan Padma Thang Yig (Padma Kroni\u011fi) ve Pema Kathang, hazine metnleri (terma) olarak Hazine Bulucul\u0430\u0440\u044b okulu (tert\u00f6n) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu metinler ba\u015fta 14. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Orgyen Lingpa, 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ise ba\u015fka hazine bulucular\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan &#8220;a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r&#8221;.<\/p><p>S\u00f6z konusu metinlerin tarihsel g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmakla birlikte din\u00ee etkileri son derece b\u00fcy\u00fck olmu\u015ftur. Janet Gyatso, &#8220;Apparitions of the Self&#8221; (Princeton 1998) adl\u0131 eserinde terma gelene\u011fini, vizyonlar\u0131n, gizlili\u011fin ve yeniden ke\u015ffin kanonik i\u015flevler \u00fcstlendi\u011fi \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir din\u00ee yetkilendirme bi\u00e7imi olarak incelemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1e027c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f1e027c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0260798 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0260798\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lotus'tan Do\u011fu\u015f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ebd706 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7ebd706\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Geleneksel anlat\u0131ya g\u00f6re Padmasambhava bir anneden do\u011fmam\u0131\u015f; Oddiyana \u00fclkesindeki Dhanakosha G\u00f6l\u00fc&#8217;n\u00fcn ortas\u0131nda bir lotus \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi \u00fczerinde sekiz ya\u015f\u0131nda bir \u00e7ocuk olarak belirmi\u015ftir.<\/p><p>O s\u0131rada \u00e7ocuksuz halde m\u00fccevher aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olan Kral Indrabhuti \u00e7ocu\u011fu bulmu\u015f ve o\u011ful olarak benimsemi\u015ftir. Bu anlat\u0131, Shakyamuni&#8217;nin insan do\u011fumuyla \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131k olu\u015fturmakta ve fig\u00fcr\u00fcn ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc vurgulamaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Din bilimleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sanatta veya anlat\u0131da yinelenen i\u00e7erik unsuru.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span>, tantrik hagiografinin tipik bir unsuru olarak de\u011ferlendirilmelidir; \u00f6\u011fretmenin &#8220;do\u011fa\u00fcst\u00fc&#8221; k\u00f6kenini biyografik ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin \u00f6n\u00fcne koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2be71c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a2be71c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b10303 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5b10303\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sekiz Tezah\u00fcr<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6317e37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6317e37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gelenek, Padmasambhava&#8217;n\u0131n farkl\u0131 ya\u015fam evrelerindeki ya da ayd\u0131nlanma durumlar\u0131ndaki \u00e7e\u015fitli faaliyetlerini somutla\u015ft\u0131ran sekiz ana tezah\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc saymaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Bunlar aras\u0131nda Guru Padma Gyalpo (kraliyet formu), Guru Loden Chokse (eksiksiz bilen), Guru Pema Jungne (Lotustan Do\u011fan), Guru Padmasambhava (bar\u0131\u015f tezah\u00fcr\u00fc), Guru Shakya Senge (Shakya&#8217;n\u0131n Aslan\u0131, ke\u015fi\u015f k\u0131yafetinde), Guru Senge Dradok (G\u00fcmb\u00fcrdeyen Aslan, sapk\u0131nlarla tart\u0131\u015fmada), Guru Nyima Ozer (g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131, mezarl\u0131klarda yogi olarak) ve Guru Dorje Drolo (u\u00e7an bir di\u015fi kaplan\u0131n \u00fczerinde \u00f6fkeli form) yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Bu sekizli, Padmasambhava&#8217;n\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131na ili\u015fkin mitolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi d\u00fczenleyen sistematik bir <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir dinin kutsal yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f derlemesi.\" tabindex=\"0\">kanondur<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-708cb59 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"708cb59\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b7d36b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5b7d36b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Be\u015f Yolda\u015f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2616577 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2616577\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Padmasambhava gelene\u011finde \u00f6nemli bir yer tutan be\u015f &#8220;bilgelik yolda\u015f\u0131&#8221; (yum) bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015flar\u0131, ba\u015f \u00f6\u011frencisi ve sevgilisi olarak kabul edilen Tibet&#8217;li krali\u00e7e Yeshe Tsogyal ile Hintli prenses Mandarava&#8217;d\u0131r. Yeshe Tsogyal, daha sonra bulunan pek \u00e7ok terma metninin yazar\u0131 ya da derleyicisi olarak bilinmektedir.<\/p><p>Onun biyografisi (&#8220;Lady of the Lotus-Born&#8221;), bug\u00fcn bilinen bi\u00e7imiyle ancak 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yaz\u0131ya ge\u00e7irilmi\u015ftir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, tarihsel bir ki\u015filikle mi yoksa din\u00ee bir ki\u015file\u015ftirmeyle mi kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya olduklar\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Janet Gyatso, &#8220;Women in Tibet&#8221; (Bloomington 2005) adl\u0131 eserinde Yeshe Tsogyal&#8217;\u0131 tarihsel a\u00e7\u0131dan muhtemel, ancak g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir edebi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme u\u011fram\u0131\u015f bir fig\u00fcr olarak de\u011ferlendiren n\u00fcansl\u0131 bir okuma \u00f6nermektedir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f50750 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1f50750\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fe3315 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4fe3315\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hazine Metinleri (terma)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39a3df7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"39a3df7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Padmasambhava&#8217;n\u0131n Tibet&#8217;teki ikameti s\u0131ras\u0131nda gelecek \u00e7a\u011flar i\u00e7in belirlenmi\u015f pek \u00e7ok \u00f6\u011freti metnini gizledi\u011fi rivayet edilmektedir. Bu &#8220;hazineler&#8221; (terma), maddi (ter) ve zihinsel (gongter) olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131labilir. Maddi olanlar ma\u011faralara, kayalara, heykellere ya da su yataklar\u0131na gizlenmi\u015f olup, \u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015f ya\u015fam d\u00f6nemlerinde pr\u00e4destine hazine bulucular (tert\u00f6n) taraf\u0131ndan yeniden ke\u015ffedilmektedir.<\/p><p>Zihinsel olanlar ise do\u011frudan seyredilebildi\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen \u00f6zel bir &#8220;zihin durumuna&#8221; i\u015flenmi\u015ftir. Bu anlay\u0131\u015f, sonraki ku\u015faklar\u0131n yeni \u00f6\u011freti metinlerini, herhangi bir metin ele\u015ftirisi denetimi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, do\u011frudan Padmasambhava&#8217;dan geliyormu\u015f gibi me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><p>Bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131dan terma gelene\u011fi, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir dinin ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f metin k\u00fclliyat\u0131na ait.\" tabindex=\"0\">kanonik<\/span> olarak kapal\u0131 Hint Tantra <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bilginin ve anlat\u0131lar\u0131n nesiller boyunca aktar\u0131lmas\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">gelene\u011finin<\/span> aksine &#8220;a\u00e7\u0131k&#8221; bir din\u00ee metin gelene\u011finin \u00f6rne\u011fini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-801c16e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"801c16e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e817ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7e817ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00d6\u011freti ve Vajrayana Prati\u011fi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ad8fb2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4ad8fb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Padmasambhava gelene\u011fine atfedilen \u00f6\u011freti i\u00e7erikleri ba\u015fta &#8220;B\u00fcy\u00fck M\u00fckemmellik&#8221; (Dzogchen) olmak \u00fczere, Nyingma okulunun en y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011freti sistemi say\u0131lan aktar\u0131m dal\u0131n\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Vajrakilaya Tantras\u0131 gibi birka\u00e7 y\u00fcksek Yogatantra da Padmasambhava k\u00fclliyat\u0131na dahildir.<\/p><p>Pratik bi\u00e7imi olan &#8220;Guru Yoga&#8221; (Lama Yoga) uygulamas\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frenciler, Padmasambhava&#8217;y\u0131 t\u00fcm Budalar\u0131n, Bodhisattvalar\u0131n ve \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin cisimle\u015fmesi olarak zihinlerinde canland\u0131r\u0131r. Yedi heceli k\u00f6k mantra &#8220;om ah hum vajra guru padma siddhi hum&#8221;, t\u00fcm Nyingma prati\u011finde ve Tibet&#8217;in Nyingma d\u0131\u015f\u0131 okullar\u0131nda da yayg\u0131n bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38cfb39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"38cfb39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ada09d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7ada09d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tibet D\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7f838d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a7f838d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Padmasambhava, Tibet k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn etkisindeki Bhutan, Sikkim, Ladakh ve Mo\u011fol yaylas\u0131nda e\u015fit bi\u00e7imde y\u00fcceltilmektedir. Bhutan&#8217;da merkezi din\u00ee fig\u00fcr olan Padmasambhava ad\u0131na, gelene\u011fe g\u00f6re bir di\u015fi kaplan\u0131n \u00fczerinde meditasyon yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer olarak kabul edilen Paro Vadisi&#8217;nin dik yamac\u0131ndaki Taktsang Manast\u0131r\u0131 (&#8220;Kaplan Yuvas\u0131&#8221;) in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p><p>&#8220;Bak\u0131r Renkli Da\u011f&#8221; (Zangdok Palri) olarak an\u0131lan sekizinci ya\u015fam sonu makam\u0131, Amitabha&#8217;n\u0131n Sukhavati&#8217;siyle paralel var olan ve pratisyenlerin ya\u015fam sonunda yeniden do\u011fmay\u0131 umdu\u011fu saf bir \u00fclke olarak kabul edilmektedir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-150951a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"150951a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb7dc95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bb7dc95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Din Bilimleri A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Tart\u0131\u015fma<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d8b2c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2d8b2c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Aktar\u0131lan imgenin ne kadar\u0131n\u0131n tarihsel bir ki\u015fiye dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorusu kesin olarak yan\u0131tlanamamaktad\u0131r. Robert Mayer ve Cathy Cantwell, \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda (&#8220;The Padmasambhava Cycle&#8221;, Oxford 2013) Padmasambhava k\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n Tibet&#8217;teki siyasi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerle yak\u0131n bir etkile\u015fim i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p><p>Merkezi otoritenin zay\u0131flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde Padmasambhava&#8217;n\u0131n \u00f6nemi artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; zira o, b\u00f6lgeler \u00fcst\u00fc bir Tibet koruyucusu olarak hanedanl\u0131k yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde bir kimlik olu\u015fturabilmekteydi. Bu i\u015flev, Padmasambhava gelene\u011finin neden \u00f6zellikle 9. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Yarlung \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;nun \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden sonraki &#8220;karanl\u0131k y\u00fczy\u0131llarda&#8221; bu denli geni\u015f bir alana yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131smen a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fba3c9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4fba3c9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca67a71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ca67a71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kaynaklar ve Ek Literat\u00fcr<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfcc19c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dfcc19c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Birincil kaynaklar: Padma Thang Yig (Padma Kroni\u011fi), Orgyen Lingpa&#8217;ya atfedilmektedir; Pema Kathang; Bardo Th\u00f6dol (Kolofonu Padmasambhava&#8217;ya dayand\u0131r\u0131lan Tibet \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131); Vajrakilaya Tantras\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130kincil literat\u00fcr: David Snellgrove ve Hugh Richardson, &#8220;A Cultural History of Tibet&#8221;, Londra 1968; David Snellgrove, &#8220;Indo-Tibetan Buddhism&#8221;, Londra 1987; Janet Gyatso, &#8220;Apparitions of the Self&#8221;, Princeton 1998; Cathy Cantwell ve Robert Mayer, &#8220;The Padmasambhava Cycle&#8221;, Oxford 2013; Robert Buswell ve Donald Lopez, &#8220;Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism&#8221;, Princeton 2014; Klaus-Josef Notz, &#8220;Buddhismus&#8221;, Stuttgart 2002.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f489c6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6f489c6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50de9c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"50de9c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Samye ve \"\u00dc\u00e7 M\u00fccevher\"<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a016ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a016ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lhasa&#8217;n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 kilometre g\u00fcneydo\u011fusunda yer alan Samye Manast\u0131r\u0131, Tibet&#8217;in ilk manast\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r ve geleneksel olarak Padmasambhava, Shantarakshita ve Kral Trisong Detsen&#8217;in ortak eseri olarak kabul edilmektedir.<\/p><p>Bu \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc (&#8220;\u00fc\u00e7 m\u00fccevher&#8221;, ston pa gsum), Tibet din\u00ee belle\u011finde <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir dinin ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f metin k\u00fclliyat\u0131na ait.\" tabindex=\"0\">kanonik<\/span> bir yer tutmakta; tantrik <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00d6zel eylemler veya form\u00fcller arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla olaylar\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na m\u00fcdahale etmeyi ama\u00e7layan uygulamalar.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u00fcy\u00fc<\/span> (Padmasambhava), manast\u0131r disiplini (Shantarakshita) ve kraliyet iktidar\u0131n\u0131n (Trisong Detsen) birle\u015fimini temsil etmektedir.<\/p><p>Manast\u0131r, Hint manast\u0131r\u0131 Odantapuri \u00f6rnek al\u0131narak tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; plan\u0131, merkezinde Meru Da\u011f\u0131 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir veya birden fazla tanr\u0131ya tap\u0131nmaya hizmet eden yap\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n\u0131n<\/span>, d\u00f6rt ana y\u00f6nde d\u00f6rt \u015fapelin ve 108 stupa ile \u00e7evrilmi\u015f bir duvar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu bir <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hinduizm ve Budizm'de kozmosun tasvirini yapan dairesel diyagram.\" tabindex=\"0\">mandala<\/span> olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>1959 isyan\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok kez tahrip edildikten sonra defalarca restore edilmi\u015ftir. \u00dcnl\u00fc &#8220;Samye Konsili&#8221; (792-794), Hint ve \u00c7in Budizm bi\u00e7imleri aras\u0131nda Hint lehine bir karar alarak Tibet Budizminin uzun vadede Hint Tantra gelene\u011fine y\u00f6nelimini belirlemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8734ab e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e8734ab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb26340 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fb26340\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aktar\u0131m Silsileleri<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fd23e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6fd23e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Padmasambhava \u00f6\u011freti silsileleri (man ngag) \u00fc\u00e7 ana kola ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. &#8220;Uzun silsile&#8221; (ring brgyud), Padmasambhava&#8217;dan tarihsel ba\u015f\u00f6\u011frencilere ve oradan kesintisiz s\u00f6zl\u00fc aktar\u0131m yoluyla g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fmaktad\u0131r. &#8220;K\u0131sa silsile&#8221; (nye brgyud), Padmasambhava ile vizyonlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla do\u011frudan temas kuran ve b\u00f6ylece aktar\u0131m yolunu k\u0131saltan hazine bulucular (tert\u00f6n) \u00fczerinden ilerlemektedir.<\/p><p>&#8220;Saf vizyon silsilesi&#8221; (dag snang brgyud) ise \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin safl\u0131k vizyonu arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla do\u011frudan talimat ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 silsiledir. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 kollu yap\u0131, vizyonlar\u0131, hazine ke\u015fiflerini ve s\u00f6zl\u00fc aktar\u0131m\u0131 tek bir sistemde b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftiren kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir Tibet yap\u0131lanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Karma Kagy\u00fc, Sakya, Gelug ve \u00f6zellikle Nyingma okullar\u0131, her biri kendi Padmasambhava silsilelerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd8cb80 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fd8cb80\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f063a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f063a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yirmi Sad-Mahasiddha<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df6733e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"df6733e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Padmasambhava&#8217;n\u0131n, yani en y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f tantrik yogilerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu yirmi &#8220;Mahasiddha&#8221;n\u0131n \u00f6\u011fretmeni oldu\u011fu rivayet edilmektedir. Bunlar genellikle &#8220;d\u0131\u015fsal&#8221; (Tibet&#8217;teki \u00f6\u011frenciler) ve &#8220;i\u00e7sel&#8221; (Hindistan&#8217;daki birlikte \u00f6\u011frenciler) olmak \u00fczere iki gruba ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130lk grup, 8. ve 9. y\u00fczy\u0131llara ait tarihsel olarak belgelenmi\u015f Tibet&#8217;li yogiler olan Yeshe Tsogyal, Vairochana, Nyak Jnanakumara, Drogmi Palgi Yeshe ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Bu grubun din tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan g\u00f6rece iyi belgelenmi\u015f oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir; Dunhuang ma\u011faralar\u0131ndan elde edilen Dunhuang cache metinleri (8.-10. y\u00fczy\u0131l) bu adlar\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc do\u011frulamaktad\u0131r. Janet Gyatso ve Sam van Schaik, \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda Dunhuang bulgular\u0131 ile sonraki d\u00f6nem Tibet hagiografisi aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi incelemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8c4b2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a8c4b2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d67f8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2d67f8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Padmasambhava ve Bardo Th\u00f6dol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d615a27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d615a27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kolofonu Padmasambhava&#8217;ya atfedilen &#8220;Tibet \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131&#8221; (Bardo Th\u00f6dol), Bat\u0131&#8217;da Tibet din\u00ee literat\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f eserlerinden biridir.<\/p><p>Geleneksel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re Padmasambhava taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, Yeshe Tsogyal taraf\u0131ndan gizlenmi\u015f ve 14. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Karma Lingpa taraf\u0131ndan terma olarak yeniden ke\u015ffedilmi\u015ftir. Bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131dan Padmasambhava&#8217;ya yap\u0131lan at\u0131f g\u00fcvensizdir; metin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc bi\u00e7imiyle 14. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na ait bir derlemedir.<\/p><p>Eser, bilincin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ti\u011fi evreleri betimlemekte ve \u00f6lmekte olan ki\u015finin ya da yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n bilincin ara durumlar (bardo) \u00fczerinden yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yolculu\u011fa nas\u0131l destek olabilece\u011fine ili\u015fkin talimatlar sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Walter Yeeling Evans-Wentz&#8217;in ilk \u0130ngilizce \u00e7evirisi (Oxford 1927) Bat\u0131 spirit\u00fcalitesi \u00fczerinde kayda de\u011fer bir etki b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; ancak filolojik a\u00e7\u0131dan art\u0131k g\u00fcncelli\u011fini yitirmi\u015ftir. Modern ve g\u00fcvenilir bir \u0130ngilizce bask\u0131y\u0131 Robert Thurman 1994 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b544069 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b544069\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fcc070 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5fcc070\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00d6fkeli Form: Dorje Drolo<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8569b80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8569b80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Padmasambhava&#8217;n\u0131n sekiz ana tezah\u00fcr\u00fcnden biri olan Guru Dorje Drolo, modern Tibet dindarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6zel bir ilgi g\u00f6rmektedir. Bu \u00f6fkeli form, Padmasambhava&#8217;y\u0131 u\u00e7an gebe bir di\u015fi kaplan\u0131n \u00fczerinde, koyu k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 tenli, \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00f6zl\u00fc ve silah olarak bir y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m-phurpa ile tasvir etmektedir.<\/p><p>\u0130konografik \u015fablon, Padmasambhava&#8217;n\u0131n bu formda Bhutan&#8217;daki Paro Taktsang Manast\u0131r\u0131&#8217;n\u0131 (&#8220;Kaplan Yuvas\u0131&#8221;) kurdu\u011funa dair <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bilginin ve anlat\u0131lar\u0131n nesiller boyunca aktar\u0131lmas\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">gelenekten<\/span> gelmektedir; s\u00f6z konusu manast\u0131r, Paro Vadisi&#8217;ne bakan dik bir kayal\u0131k yama\u00e7 \u00fczerinde in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p><p>Dorje Drolo&#8217;ya duyulan sayg\u0131 \u00f6zellikle Bhutan&#8217;da ve Do\u011fu Tibet eyaletlerinde yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Bu form, Padmasambhava&#8217;n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fman g\u00fc\u00e7leri koruyucu bek\u00e7ilere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc g\u00fcc\u00fc simgelemektedir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65d51bd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"65d51bd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79206f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"79206f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ana Kaynak Olarak Padma bka' thang<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04fb02e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"04fb02e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>&#8220;Padma bka&#8217; thang&#8221; (Padmasambhava&#8217;n\u0131n S\u00f6zleri Kitab\u0131), ustan\u0131n en kapsaml\u0131 hagiografisidir. 14. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Orgyan Lingpa taraf\u0131ndan terma (gizli hazine metin) olarak ke\u015ffedilmi\u015f olup Padmasambhava&#8217;n\u0131n do\u011fumunu, \u00f6\u011fretim faaliyetlerini, mucizelerini ve veday\u0131 anlatan 108 b\u00f6l\u00fcm i\u00e7ermektedir. Anne-Marie Blondeau ve Matthew Kapstein&#8217;\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 bu kayna\u011f\u0131n metinsel katmanlanmas\u0131n\u0131 incelemi\u015ftir.<\/p><p>Eski katmanlar 11.-12. y\u00fczy\u0131la uzan\u0131rken pek \u00e7ok mucize anlat\u0131s\u0131, sonraki terma silsilelerinin eklemeleridir. Sangye Lingpa&#8217;ya (14. y\u00fczy\u0131l) ait paralel kaynak &#8220;Pema Kathang Yiges Cinma&#8221; (Yedi B\u00f6l\u00fcm) alternatif bir anlat\u0131 katman\u0131 sunmaktad\u0131r. Her iki metin de Bat\u0131 Himalaya&#8217;da ve Sikkim&#8217;de \u00f6zellikle Bhutan&#8217;daki Tsechu festivalleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 liturgik olarak okunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5afb269 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5afb269\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a47ed18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a47ed18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sekiz Tezah\u00fcr: Ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u0130nceleme<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcab2b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fcab2b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Padmasambhava&#8217;n\u0131n sekiz g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm bi\u00e7imi (gu ru mtshan brgyad) \u015funlard\u0131r: Guru Tsokye Dorje (Lotus&#8217;ta do\u011fmu\u015f), Guru Shakya Senge (ke\u015fi\u015f formunda), Guru Padmasambhava (Indrabhuti&#8217;nin saray\u0131nda), Guru Padmakara (pratik evresinde), Guru Dorje Drolo (\u00f6fkeli form), Guru Nyima \u00d6zer (Budist \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131mda), Guru Senge Dradok (Aslan Sesi) ve Guru Loden Choksey (ya\u015fam son ericisi).<\/p><p>Her tezah\u00fcr bir \u00f6\u011freti evresine ve bir pratik odak noktas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelmektedir. Bu sekizli yap\u0131 12. y\u00fczy\u0131lda kodifiye edilmi\u015f ve Tibet tap\u0131nak duvar resimlerinde standart hale getirilmi\u015ftir. Mah\u00e2y\u00e2na&#8217;n\u0131n sekiz b\u00fcy\u00fck Bodhisattvas\u0131 ile bilin\u00e7li bir paralellik kurmas\u0131 tesad\u00fcf de\u011fildir. Roger Jackson, bu yap\u0131sal analoji yi Hint Bodhisattva \u015femas\u0131n\u0131n Tibet Guru \u00f6\u011fretisine bilin\u00e7li bir ink\u00fcligasyonu olarak yorumlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c91bea2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c91bea2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b57c1c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b57c1c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yeshe Tsogyal: Yaz\u0131c\u0131 ve Ortak \u00d6\u011fretici<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd743ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dd743ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Padmasambhava&#8217;n\u0131n ruhani yolda\u015f\u0131 ve ba\u015f \u00f6\u011frencisi olan Yeshe Tsogyal (yakla\u015f\u0131k 757-817), en \u00f6nemli Terma metinlerinin yaz\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak kabul edilmektedir. Haf\u0131za g\u00fcc\u00fcyle Padmasambhava&#8217;n\u0131n t\u00fcm \u00f6\u011fretilerini kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131 kayalara, g\u00f6llere ve onun gelecek yeniden do\u011fu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n zihin ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na gizledi\u011fi rivayet edilmektedir.<\/p><p>Janet Gyatso (&#8220;Apparitions of the Self&#8221;, Princeton 1998), Yeshe Tsogyal&#8217;\u0131n i\u015flevini sonradan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Tert\u00f6n kad\u0131nlar s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 i\u00e7in bir model olarak incelemi\u015ftir.<\/p><p>Onun hagiografisi &#8220;Mkha&#8217; &#8216;gro ye shes mtsho rgyal gyi rnam thar&#8221;, Taksham Nuden Dorje taraf\u0131ndan Terma olarak if\u015fa edilmi\u015f olup Tibet din literat\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn nadir kapsaml\u0131 kad\u0131n biyografilerinden birini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Biyografik unsurlar\u0131 vizyon <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tanr\u0131 ve bir dinin inanc\u0131 \u00fczerine bilimsel \u00f6\u011freti.\" tabindex=\"0\">teolojisiyle<\/span> birle\u015ftirmesi nedeniyle Tibet edebiyat tarihi i\u00e7inde \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir konuma sahiptir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d06cb12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d06cb12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c0f880 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7c0f880\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Terma Gelene\u011fi ve \u00d6zg\u00fcnl\u00fck Sorunu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53b9b83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"53b9b83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nyingma okulunun merkezi s\u00fctunu olan Terma gelene\u011fi, Padmasambhava ve Yeshe Tsogyal&#8217;\u0131n sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde pr\u00e4destine &#8220;hazine bulucular&#8221; (Tert\u00f6n) taraf\u0131ndan yeniden ke\u015ffedilmek \u00fczere \u00f6\u011fretiler gizledi\u011fi varsay\u0131m\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Bu gelenek, 11. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan 20. y\u00fczy\u0131la uzanan s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir Budist edebiyat katman\u0131 \u00fcretmi\u015ftir. \u00d6zg\u00fcnl\u00fck sorusu hem gelenek i\u00e7inde hem de modern ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Janet Gyatso, &#8220;Apparitions of the Self&#8221; adl\u0131 eserinde Terma metinlerinin &#8220;Yer Termas\u0131&#8221; (sa gter, maddi bulgular) ve &#8220;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"D\u00fcnyada etki g\u00f6stermesi atfedilen bedensiz varl\u0131k.\" tabindex=\"0\">Zihin<\/span> Termas\u0131&#8221; (dgongs gter, vizyon vahiyleri) olarak birbirinden ay\u0131rt edilmesi gerekti\u011fini savunmu\u015ftur.<\/p><p>Her iki kategori, farkl\u0131 filolojik ve bilimsel y\u00f6ntemler gerektirmektedir. Ronald Davidson (&#8220;Tibetan Renaissance&#8221;, New York 2005), Terma gelene\u011fini 11. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Yarlung \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;nun \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan ba\u015flayan Tibet kimli\u011finin olu\u015fumu s\u00fcrecinin daha geni\u015f ba\u011flam\u0131na yerle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e00aa18 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e00aa18\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59e7d49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"59e7d49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Padmasambhava ve Bardo \u00d6\u011fretileri<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4394f85 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4394f85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Padmasambhava gelene\u011finin merkezi s\u00fctunlar\u0131ndan biri, \u00f6l\u00fcm ile yeniden do\u011fu\u015f aras\u0131ndaki ara durum olan Bardo \u00f6\u011fretisidir. &#8220;Bardo Th\u00f6dol&#8221; (Ara Durumda Duyarak Kurtulu\u015f; Bat\u0131&#8217;da &#8220;Tibet \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131&#8221; olarak bilinmektedir), 14. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Karma Lingpa taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedilen Padmasambhava&#8217;n\u0131n Termas\u0131 olarak aktar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Metin, bilincin kurtulu\u015fa do\u011fru son ad\u0131mlar\u0131 atma imk\u00e2n\u0131 buldu\u011fu alt\u0131 Bardo evresini betimlemektedir.<\/p><p>Bryan Cuevas (&#8220;The Hidden History of the Tibetan Book of the Dead&#8221;, Oxford 2003), metnin tarihini ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde yeniden kurgulam\u0131\u015f ve eserin Bat\u0131&#8217;da ancak Walter Y. Evans-Wentz (1927) ve onun \u00e7evirisine katk\u0131da bulunan Kazi Dawa Samdup arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymu\u015ftur.<\/p><p>Bu Bat\u0131 al\u0131mlanmas\u0131, geleneksel pratikle her zaman ba\u011fda\u015fmayan \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir Bardo yorumu gelene\u011fine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-542e57d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"542e57d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02bd3e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"02bd3e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Be\u015f Tert\u00f6n Kral<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6707d89 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6707d89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tibet gelene\u011fi, en \u00f6nemli hazine bulucular olarak kabul edilen be\u015f &#8220;Tert\u00f6n Kral&#8221; (gter ston rgyal po lnga) tan\u0131maktad\u0131r: Nyangrel Nyima \u00d6zer (1124-1192), Guru Ch\u00f6wang (1212-1270), Dorje Lingpa (1346-1405), Padma Lingpa (1450-1521) ve Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820-1892).<\/p><p>Bu ki\u015filer birlikte binlerce metin ve pratik gelene\u011fi yeniden ke\u015ffetmi\u015flerdir. Say\u0131m y\u00f6ntemi kaynaklara g\u00f6re farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermekte olup baz\u0131 okullar Sangye Lingpa, Ratna Lingpa ya da Orgyen Lingpa gibi ek isimleri listeye eklemektedir. Bu Tert\u00f6n silsilesi kendisini havariler dizisi olarak de\u011fil, Karmalar\u0131 Padmasambhava d\u00f6neminden bu yana s\u00f6z konusu i\u015fleve y\u00f6nelik bi\u00e7imlendirilmi\u015f, \u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015f yeniden ke\u015ffedicilerin silsilesi olarak tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d745c7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0d745c7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-957a0b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"957a0b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">S\u0131k Sorulan Sorular<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d276cda elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d276cda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Padmasambhava tarihsel bir ki\u015fi miydi?<\/strong> Tarihsel \u00e7ekirdek makul g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir: 8. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda Tibet&#8217;e gelen Hintli ya da Orta Asyal\u0131 bir Tantra \u00f6\u011fretmeni. Ancak ayr\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f biyografi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde efsanevi bir \u00e7er\u00e7eveyle \u015fekillendirilmi\u015f olup ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc tarihsel olarak do\u011frulanamamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Terma nedir?<\/strong> Padmasambhava&#8217;n\u0131n gelene\u011fe g\u00f6re gizledi\u011fi ve daha sonra pr\u00e4destine hazine bulucular (tert\u00f6n) taraf\u0131ndan yeniden ke\u015ffedilen &#8220;hazineler&#8221;; \u00f6\u011freti metinleri ya da nesneler. Bunlar Nyingma \u00f6\u011freti gelene\u011finin \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Padmasambhava&#8217;n\u0131n <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hinduizm ve Budizm'de tekrarlayarak s\u00f6ylenen kutsal hece veya form\u00fcl.\" tabindex=\"0\">mantras\u0131<\/span> ne anlama gelmektedir?<\/strong> &#8220;Om ah hum vajra guru padma siddhi hum&#8221; anlam olarak &#8220;om ah hum, Elmas \u00d6\u011fretmeni Lotus, ger\u00e7ekle\u015fme bah\u015fet, hum&#8221; demektir. Tibet Budizminin en \u00f6nemli mantralar\u0131ndan biri olup Guru Yoga prati\u011finde okunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gelene\u011fe g\u00f6re Padmasambhava bug\u00fcn nerede ya\u015famaktad\u0131r?<\/strong> \u0130nsan d\u00fcnyas\u0131yla paralel var olan &#8220;Bak\u0131r Renkli Da\u011f&#8221;\u0131n (Zangdok Palri) saf d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda. Pratisyenler ya\u015fam sonunda orada yeniden do\u011fmay\u0131 ummaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Padmasambhava, Tibet Budizminin kurucusu Tibet gelene\u011finde Padmasambhava, Budizmi Tibet&#8217;e kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak yerle\u015ftiren ve pek \u00e7ok koruma rit\u00fcelinin temelini atan Tantra ustas\u0131 olarak kabul edilmektedir. Padmasambhava (&#8220;Lotustan Do\u011fan&#8221;), Tibet\u00e7ede \u00e7o\u011funlukla Guru Rinpoche veya Padmakara olarak an\u0131l\u0131r ve Tibet Vajrayana Budizminin merkezi kurucusu say\u0131l\u0131r. Gelenek, onu 8. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda Hint tantras\u0131n\u0131n Tibet&#8217;e aktar\u0131lmas\u0131yla ili\u015fkilendirir. Tibet&#8217;in en eski [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3277,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Padmasambhava","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Padmasambhava - Tibet'in Tantra Ustas\u0131 | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Padmasambhava (Guru Rinpoche), lot\u00fcsten do\u011fan tantrik usta, 8. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Budizmi Tibet'e ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131. Terma gelene\u011fi ve Nyingma okulu.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-72499","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Padmasambhava - Tibet&#039;in Tantra Ustas\u0131 | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Padmasambhava (Guru Rinpoche), lot\u00fcsten do\u011fan tantrik usta, 8. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Budizmi Tibet&#039;e ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131. 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