{"id":72439,"date":"2026-08-01T21:49:56","date_gmt":"2026-08-01T21:49:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ranginui-maori-kozmolojisinin-goekyuezue-tanrisi\/"},"modified":"2026-08-01T21:50:16","modified_gmt":"2026-08-01T21:50:16","slug":"ranginui","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/ranginui\/","title":{"rendered":"Ranginui – Maori Kozmolojisinin G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc Tanr\u0131s\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Ranginui\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Ranginui - Maori D\u00fcnya G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc Tanr\u0131s\u0131<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Tanr\u0131<\/span>Polinezya \/ Maori<\/a>G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc Tanr\u0131s\u0131<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Ranginui, Maori kozmolojisinin<\/span> g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc tanr\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Yer tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 Papat\u016b\u0101nuku ile birlikte ilk ata \u00e7iftini olu\u015fturur. O\u011fullar\u0131 onu \u0131\u015f\u0131k ve ya\u015fam alan\u0131 yaratmak amac\u0131yla yer y\u00fczeyinden zorla ay\u0131r\u0131r; o tarihten bu yana yery\u00fcz\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fck, a\u011flayan g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc olarak kal\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Ranginui, k\u0131sa ad\u0131yla s\u0131k s\u0131k Rangi olarak an\u0131lan bu varl\u0131k, Maori kozmolojisinde<\/span> g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcd\u00fcr; eril bir ilk varl\u0131k ve baba olarak tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yer tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 Papat\u016b\u0101nuku ile birlikte tanr\u0131lar\u0131n ve t\u00fcm canl\u0131lar\u0131n soyundan geldi\u011fi ilk ata \u00e7iftini olu\u015fturur. Papat\u016b\u0101nuku’da oldu\u011fu gibi, Ranginui g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc \u00fczerinde h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrmez; Ranginui g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn ta kendisidir. Ad ile \u00f6z\u00fc birdir.<\/p>

Polinezya \/ Maori<\/a> dini i\u00e7inde Ranginui, tanr\u0131lar\u0131, topra\u011f\u0131 ve insanlar\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayan soy zincirinin, whakapapa’n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Bu nedenle ki\u015file\u015ftirilmi\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lerin ilk ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131na aittir. Mitolojik a\u00e7\u0131dan as\u0131l \u00f6nemi eylemlerinden de\u011fil, kaderinden kaynaklan\u0131r: yerle olan kucakla\u015fmas\u0131ndan ve ondan ac\u0131 dolu bi\u00e7imde ayr\u0131lmas\u0131ndan.<\/p>

Din bilimleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Ranginui, bir yer tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131yla kozmik bir \u00e7ift olu\u015fturan g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc tanr\u0131s\u0131 tipini somutla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Bu motif<\/span> Polinezya’da yayg\u0131nd\u0131r ve pek \u00e7ok ba\u015fka mitolojide de kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar. Maori versiyonuna \u00f6zg\u00fc olan, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f eylemiyle de\u011fil bu ilk \u00e7iftin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ve ayr\u0131lmas\u0131yla var olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Ad ve K\u00f6ken Bilgisi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Ranginui ad\u0131, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc anlam\u0131na gelen rangi<\/em> ile b\u00fcy\u00fck anlam\u0131na gelen nui<\/em> s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerinden olu\u015fur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla “b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc” anlam\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r. Rangi<\/em> s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Maori dilinde ve akraba Polinezya dillerinde yayg\u0131n olup hem g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc hem de g\u00fcnd\u00fcz\u00fc ifade eder.<\/p>

Anlat\u0131larda \u00e7o\u011funlukla k\u0131sa bi\u00e7imi olan Rangi kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmlerini adland\u0131ran \u00e7e\u015fitli s\u0131fatlar da bulunmaktad\u0131r: a\u00e7\u0131k, uzak ya da her \u015feyin \u00fczerine yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc gibi. Kimi gelenekler birbirini izleyen ya da katmanlar h\u00e2linde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f birden fazla g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc bilir; bu d\u00fczenlemede Ranginui en altta, yere en yak\u0131n oland\u0131r.<\/p>

Polinezya’n\u0131n ba\u015fka b\u00f6lgelerinde de akraba g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc fig\u00fcrlerinin adlar\u0131na rastlan\u0131r; bu durum Ranginui’yi ortak bir mitolojik mirasa yerle\u015ftirir. Papat\u016b\u0101nuku’da oldu\u011fu gibi, ad, ki\u015fisel varl\u0131k ve fiziksel ger\u00e7eklik aras\u0131ndaki birli\u011fe dikkat etmek gerekir: Ranginui g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn tanr\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fil, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn akraba ve ki\u015filikli bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak kendisidir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Tan\u0131m\u0131 ve G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm Bi\u00e7imleri<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Ranginui, yerin \u00fczerinde yatan ve sonradan yukar\u0131ya kald\u0131r\u0131lan eril bir fig\u00fcr olarak tasarlan\u0131r. Ayr\u0131lmadan \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemde bedeni, Papat\u016b\u0101nuku’nun bedenini do\u011frudan \u00f6rter; ikisi aras\u0131nda ne bo\u015fluk ne de \u0131\u015f\u0131k vard\u0131r. Ayr\u0131lman\u0131n ard\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00fczerini \u00f6rten, y\u00fcksekte gerilmi\u015f g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm bi\u00e7imleri g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn do\u011fa olaylar\u0131d\u0131r. Ya\u011fmur ve \u00e7i\u011f, ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015fine duydu\u011fu \u00f6zlemden d\u00f6kt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131 olarak kabul g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p>

Y\u0131ld\u0131zlar, kimi geleneklerde ayr\u0131lman\u0131n ard\u0131ndan o\u011flunun babas\u0131n\u0131 teselli etmek ve onurland\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla ona takt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcs olarak yorumlan\u0131r. Bulutlar, sis ve g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 da onun g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na aittir.<\/p>

Aldat\u0131c\u0131 ya da d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm tanr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n aksine Ranginui de\u011fi\u015fen bi\u00e7imlerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaz. Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00fclkenin \u00fczerindeki g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn kal\u0131c\u0131 ve de\u011fi\u015fmez haz\u0131r bulunu\u015fudur. Belirgin \u00f6zelli\u011fi y\u00f6nelme durumudur: yukar\u0131da kal\u0131r, ancak yere d\u00f6n\u00fckt\u00fcr; ac\u0131s\u0131 Papat\u016b\u0101nuku ile olan ba\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Mitoloji ve Gelenek<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Ranginui ile ilgili merkezi mit<\/span>, ilk ata \u00e7iftinin ayr\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Ranginui ile Papat\u016b\u0101nuku s\u0131k\u0131 bir kucakla\u015fma i\u00e7indedir. Ebeveynleri aras\u0131ndaki karanl\u0131\u011fa hapsolan tanr\u0131sal o\u011fullar\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131k ve alan elde etmenin yollar\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Ebeveynlerini \u00f6ld\u00fcrme d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini reddeder ve onlar\u0131 birbirinden ay\u0131rmaya karar verirler.<\/p>

Birka\u00e7 o\u011ful g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc ile yeri birbirinden ay\u0131rmaya bo\u015funa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Sonunda ormanlar\u0131n tanr\u0131s\u0131 T\u0101ne bunu ba\u015far\u0131r; omuzlar\u0131n\u0131 yere, ayaklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne dayayarak Ranginui’yi yava\u015f yava\u015f yukar\u0131ya iter.<\/p>

B\u00f6ylece \u0131\u015f\u0131k d\u00fcnyas\u0131 do\u011far. Bir di\u011fer o\u011ful, f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131n tanr\u0131s\u0131 T\u0101whirim\u0101tea, ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011fa raz\u0131 olmaz. Babas\u0131n\u0131n pe\u015finden yukar\u0131ya \u00e7\u0131kar ve oradan karde\u015flerine, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da kalanlara kar\u015f\u0131 r\u00fczgar ve f\u0131rt\u0131na g\u00f6nderir.<\/p>

Ayr\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fcnyaya ya\u015fam\u0131 getirir; ancak ebeveynler i\u00e7in s\u00fcregelen bir ac\u0131 olarak kal\u0131r. Ranginui a\u011flar ve g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131 ya\u011fmur ile \u00e7i\u011f olarak Papat\u016b\u0101nuku’nun \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015fer; o da i\u00e7 \u00e7eki\u015fini sis bi\u00e7iminde ona do\u011fru yollar. B\u00f6ylece mit<\/span>, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc ile yerin kesintisiz ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar.<\/p>

Kimi geleneklerde T\u0101ne, g\u00fcne\u015f, ay ve y\u0131ld\u0131zlarla s\u00fcsleyerek babas\u0131n\u0131 teselli eder. Bu ayr\u0131l\u0131k, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Te Rangik\u0101heke taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nan yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f anlat\u0131s\u0131nda aktar\u0131l\u0131r; bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ayr\u0131nt\u0131larda farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6steren pek \u00e7ok b\u00f6lgesel varyant mevcuttur.<\/p>

Bir\u00e7ok gelenekte i\u015flenen bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm, Ranginui’nin s\u00fcslenmesine ili\u015fkindir. G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc y\u00fckseltildikten sonra ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta yal\u0131n ve \u00e7\u0131plak g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/p>

T\u0101ne onu \u00e7e\u015fitli \u0131\u015f\u0131klarla s\u00fcslemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve sonunda g\u00f6k cisimlerini onun bedeni \u00fczerinde d\u00fczenler: \u015fafa\u011f\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131l \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, g\u00fcne\u015fi, ay\u0131 ve son olarak bir sepetten sa\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 yerle\u015ftirir.<\/p>

Bu anlat\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr d\u00fczenini a\u00e7\u0131klar ve ona anlam kazand\u0131r\u0131r; zira s\u00fcs, ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f babaya y\u00f6nelik bir kefaret ve teselli eylemidir.<\/p>

Kimi versiyonlar ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6ncesine ait bir \u00f6n hik\u00e2ye de i\u00e7erir. Bu versiyonlarda farks\u0131z ilk durumdan, hi\u00e7lik, bo\u015fluk ve geceden a\u015famal\u0131 olarak \u00f6nce d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve aray\u0131\u015f, ard\u0131ndan ilk ata \u00e7ifti do\u011far.<\/p>

Ranginui bu ba\u011flamda mutlak ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta de\u011fil, bi\u00e7imsiz ilk \u00e7a\u011fdan d\u00fczenli d\u00fcnyaya ge\u00e7i\u015fte ilk eril fig\u00fcr olarak yer al\u0131r. Ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 deneyen o\u011fullar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 ve s\u0131ras\u0131 iwi’ler aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterir; baz\u0131 kabileler ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olarak farkl\u0131 tanr\u0131lar\u0131 anar ya da bilinen Te Rangik\u0101heke versiyonunda yer almayan ba\u015fka karde\u015fler tan\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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K\u00fclt ve Y\u00fcceltme<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Papat\u016b\u0101nuku’da oldu\u011fu gibi, Ranginui i\u00e7in ne tap\u0131nak<\/span> ne de kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir k\u00fclt \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc vard\u0131. Onun y\u00fcceltilmesi, insan\u0131n tanr\u0131sal g\u00fc\u00e7ler ve do\u011fayla ili\u015fkisini d\u00fczenleyen kapsaml\u0131 rit\u00fcel d\u00fczenin bir par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. Ranginui, \u00f6nemli eylemlere e\u015flik eden rit\u00fcel s\u00f6ylemler ve dualar olan karakia’da an\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>

Ranginui, hava durumu, ya\u011fmur, g\u00f6k cisimleri ve takvim hesab\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda \u00f6zellikle \u00f6nem kazand\u0131. G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn, y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n ve do\u011fu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zlemlenmesi seyr\u00fcsefer, tar\u0131m ve t\u00f6ren takvimi i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmezdi; bu bilgi, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n mitik fig\u00fcr\u00fcyle i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc yorumlayanlar Ranginui ile ve onun i\u015faretleriyle ilgileniyordu.<\/p>

Toplant\u0131 alan\u0131 olan marae’deki konu\u015fmalarda Ranginui ve Papat\u016b\u0101nuku bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 birlikte an\u0131l\u0131r; \u00e7o\u011funlukla insanlardan s\u00f6z edilmeden \u00f6nce g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc ve yeri selamlayan a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda<\/span> yer al\u0131rlar.<\/p>

B\u00f6ylece ilk ata \u00e7ifti, art\u0131k ger\u00e7ek anlamda bir k\u00fclt<\/span> bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde bile Maori’nin rit\u00fcel s\u00f6yleminde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Ranginui ile Papat\u016b\u0101nuku’nun duada<\/span> olan s\u0131k\u0131 birlikteli\u011fi, ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ebeveynlerin mitik \u00f6zlemini yans\u0131t\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Koruma Prati\u011fi ve Apotropaik Unsurlar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Ranginui ba\u011flam\u0131nda koruma, her \u015feyden \u00f6nce g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc ve hava g\u00fc\u00e7lerine kar\u015f\u0131 do\u011fru d\u00fczeni g\u00f6zetmeyle ilgilidir. F\u0131rt\u0131na, \u015fiddetli hava ve kurakl\u0131k, ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ard\u0131ndan babas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na y\u00fckselen f\u0131rt\u0131na tanr\u0131s\u0131 T\u0101whirim\u0101tea’n\u0131n i\u015fi ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere tanr\u0131sal g\u00fc\u00e7lerin etkisi olarak yorumlan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>

Bu t\u00fcr tehditlerin savu\u015fturulmas\u0131 karakia, yani f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131 yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaya ya da g\u00fczel hava dilemeye y\u00f6nelik rit\u00fcel s\u00f6ylemlerle ger\u00e7ekle\u015firdi.<\/p>

\u00d6zellikle Ranginui’ye atfedilen muska veya koruyucu nesneler bi\u00e7iminde \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir apotropaik pratik bu gelenekte belirleyici de\u011fildir.<\/p>

Koruma, daha \u00e7ok do\u011fru bilgi ve do\u011fru davran\u0131\u015fta yat\u0131yordu: g\u00f6k i\u015faretlerini, y\u0131ld\u0131z do\u011fu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ve hava kurallar\u0131n\u0131 bilmekte; Ranginui hakk\u0131ndaki mitik bilgiyi pratik a\u00e7\u0131dan kullan\u0131l\u0131r k\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc okumay\u0131 bilen ki\u015fi tehlikeleri zaman\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131layabilirdi.<\/p>

Din bilimleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan burada da Maori \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc kendini g\u00f6sterir: koruma, yal\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir b\u00fcy\u00fcye<\/span> de\u011fil, ili\u015fkiye, bilgiye ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe dayan\u0131r.<\/p>

G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc tanr\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6sterilen rit\u00fcel sayg\u0131, \u00f6rne\u011fin g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc ve yeri selamlayan a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131nda, ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na koruyucu bir i\u015flev \u00fcstleniyordu: insan\u0131 kozmos ile toplulu\u011fun akrabal\u0131k dokusu i\u00e7ine yerle\u015ftirerek eylemin temelini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131yordu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Soy Zincirindeki Konumu ve Y\u0131ld\u0131z Bilgisi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Ranginui yaln\u0131zca kozmolojik bir ilk fig\u00fcr de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda pratik olarak kullan\u0131lan bir bilginin \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131d\u0131r. Kimi geleneklerin onun \u00fczerinde varsayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc katmanlar\u0131 ba\u015fka g\u00fc\u00e7lerin mek\u00e2n\u0131 olarak kabul edilir; g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6zlemlenmesi ise g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n mitik fig\u00fcr\u00fcyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 kalan ileri d\u00fczeyde bir uzmanl\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>

Y\u0131ld\u0131z ve ay bilgisi \u00f6zellikle \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yordu. \u00dclker y\u0131ld\u0131z k\u00fcmesi olarak bilinen Matariki’nin, baz\u0131 kabile b\u00f6lgelerinde ise Puanga y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n ilk sabah do\u011fu\u015fu y\u0131l\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc ve yeni bir ekim d\u00f6neminin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 i\u015faret ediyordu.<\/p>

Ay takvimi olan maramataka<\/em>, ay ay\u0131n\u0131n gecelerini bal\u0131k av\u0131, ekim ve hasad\u0131na uygunluklar\u0131na g\u00f6re d\u00fczenliyordu. Bu bilgi, tohunga<\/em> ad\u0131 verilen uzmanlara ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131 ve titizlikle aktar\u0131lan bi\u00e7imlerde ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa ge\u00e7iyordu.<\/p>

A\u00e7\u0131k deniz seyri de Ranginui’nin g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne dayan\u0131yordu. Pasifik’i yerle\u015fime a\u00e7an denizciler y\u00f6nlerini y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n do\u011fu\u015f noktalar\u0131ndan, r\u00fczgardan ve dalgalardan okuyordu.<\/p>

Bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131dan bu durum, Maori d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n mitik fig\u00fcr\u00fc ile g\u00f6k cisimlerinin sade g\u00f6zleminin birbirinden ayr\u0131 alanlar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir: g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc yorumlamay\u0131 bilen ki\u015fi, akraba ve ki\u015filikli bir g\u00fcc\u00fcn bedeninde hareket ediyor ve ayn\u0131 zamanda deneyimle olgunla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, kesin bir bilgiyi kullan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Di\u011fer K\u00fclt\u00fcrlerdeki Paraleller<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc tanr\u0131s\u0131 ile yer tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131ndan olu\u015fan ilk ata \u00e7ifti t\u00fcm Polinezya’da yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Hawaii’de, Cemaat Adalar\u0131’nda ve ba\u015fka yerlerde akraba g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc fig\u00fcrleriyle g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc ve yerin ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin anlat\u0131lar kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu benzerlikler, ortak bir Polinezya mitos hazinesine i\u015faret eder.<\/p>

Polinezya’n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde Ranginui, d\u00fcnya genelinde tan\u0131klanan g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc tanr\u0131s\u0131 tipine aittir. Yunan gelene\u011finde<\/span> Uranos ile Gaia, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan zorla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclen yak\u0131n birliktelikleriyle benzer bir \u00e7ifti olu\u015fturur.<\/p>

G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc ile yerin torunlar taraf\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 motifi<\/span>, yap\u0131sal a\u00e7\u0131dan Maori anlat\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bi\u00e7imde yak\u0131nd\u0131r. Ba\u015fka Hint-Avrupa gelenekleri de y\u00fcce bir tanr\u0131<\/span> olarak bir g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc tanr\u0131s\u0131 tan\u0131r.<\/p>

Bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131dan \u015funu vurgulamak gerekir: bu t\u00fcr paraleller do\u011frudan bir ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131tlamaz. G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc ile yerin kar\u015f\u0131t ve ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fcretici bir \u00e7ift olarak yorumlanmas\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131n bir kozmolojik \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>

Maori versiyonu iki \u00f6zelli\u011fiyle \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar: tanr\u0131lar\u0131, topra\u011f\u0131 ve insanlar\u0131 kesintisiz bi\u00e7imde birbirine ba\u011flayan whakapapa’ya g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 ve ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ifti birbirine ba\u011flamaya devam eden \u00f6zlem ile ac\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bi\u00e7imde vurgulanmas\u0131.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki Al\u0131mlanma ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Ranginui ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, t\u00fcm Maori kozmolojisinin<\/span> ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131yla s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rma, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda George Grey’in derlemeleri ve Elsdon Best’in etnografik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla ba\u015flad\u0131. Edward Tregear Polinezya dil ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koydu; Margaret Orbell gibi sonraki yazarlar ise mitleri sistematik bi\u00e7imde ele al\u0131p ele\u015ftirel yorumlar ekledi.<\/p>

Burada da eski gelene\u011fi<\/span> dikkatli okumak gerekir. S\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci derleyiciler anlat\u0131lar\u0131 tekd\u00fcze bir kal\u0131ba sokmu\u015f ve Avrupal\u0131 beklentilere uyarlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; Te Rangik\u0101heke’nin yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f anlat\u0131s\u0131, Grey’in yay\u0131mlamas\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bir\u00e7ok kabile gelene\u011finden yaln\u0131zca biri olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrde belirleyici versiyon h\u00e2line gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>

Yeni ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar bu nedenle b\u00f6lgesel versiyonlar\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini ve Maori seslerinin kendi \u00f6nemini \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Ranginui ve Papat\u016b\u0101nuku, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kimlik bilincinin ayr\u0131lmaz par\u00e7alar\u0131d\u0131r. E\u011fitimde, edebiyatta, sanatta ve kamusal s\u00f6ylemde, \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u00e7ift olarak an\u0131larak yer al\u0131rlar. Ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ebeveynlerin miti<\/span>, yaln\u0131zca eski bir kozmolojinin<\/span> hat\u0131ras\u0131 olarak de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda insan, toprak ve g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin imgesi olarak i\u015flev g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p>

Yeni Zelanda’da y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen do\u011fa varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n hukuki olarak tan\u0131nmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin tart\u0131\u015fma, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc ile yerin salt kaynak de\u011fil akraba ve ki\u015filikli varl\u0131klar oldu\u011fu bu d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Literat\u00fcr (Se\u00e7me)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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