{"id":72367,"date":"2026-08-01T21:45:06","date_gmt":"2026-08-01T21:45:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pazuzu-muskasi-lamaschtuya-karsi-mezopotamya-korumasi\/"},"modified":"2026-08-01T21:45:28","modified_gmt":"2026-08-01T21:45:28","slug":"pazuzu-muska","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/pazuzu-muska\/","title":{"rendered":"Pazuzu Muskas\u0131 – Lamaschtu’ya Kar\u015f\u0131 Mezopotamya Korumas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Pazuzu Muskas\u0131 - \u0130blis, Lamaschtu'ya Kar\u015f\u0131 Kalkan Olarak<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Mezopotamya’dan gelen Pazuzu muskas\u0131<\/span>, korkulan bir r\u00fczgar iblisinin ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tasvir eder ve i\u015flevi de tam burada yatar: Pazuzu, do\u011fum iblisi Lamaschtu<\/span> adl\u0131 \u00e7ok daha tehlikeli bir g\u00fcc\u00fc uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131yd\u0131. Eski Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu’nun hi\u00e7bir ikinci muskas\u0131<\/span>, bi\u00e7im ile i\u015flevi bu denli s\u0131k\u0131 bi\u00e7imde birbirine ba\u011flamaz.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Koruyucu Sembol<\/span>Mezopotamya<\/a>Apotropaikon<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Pazuzu muskas\u0131<\/span>, Eski Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu’ya ait ta\u015f\u0131nabilir bir nesnedir. \u0130kinci milenyumun sonundan milattan \u00f6nceki birinci milenyumun b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne kadar Mezopotamya<\/a>‘da ve kom\u015fu b\u00f6lgelerde yayg\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>

\u0130blis Pazuzu’nun ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ya da t\u00fcm bedenini betimleyen bu nesne v\u00fccut \u00fczerinde ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r, iplere as\u0131l\u0131r veya ya\u015fam alan\u0131nda bir yere konurdu. Birka\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca ev korumas\u0131n\u0131n ola\u011fan donan\u0131m\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131.<\/p>

Bu muskan\u0131n<\/span> \u00f6zg\u00fcn yan\u0131, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrdeki bir \u00e7eli\u015fkide yatmaktad\u0131r. Pazuzu’nun kendisi tehlikeli bir varl\u0131k, k\u00f6t\u00fc r\u00fczgar iblislerinin efendisi olarak bilinirdi. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n insanlar a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a onun korumas\u0131n\u0131 arard\u0131.<\/p>

Eski Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, burada anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 izler: Tehdit edici bir g\u00fc\u00e7, daha da tehlikeli alg\u0131lanan ba\u015fka bir g\u00fcc\u00fc dizginleyebilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla muska<\/span>, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki anlamda bir u\u011fur nesnesi de\u011fil, belirli bir g\u00f6revi olan ve hedefe y\u00f6nelik bir savunma nesnesiydi.<\/p>

Din bilimleri<\/span> a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Pazuzu muskas\u0131<\/span>, apotropaika<\/span> aras\u0131nda say\u0131l\u0131r. Bu terim Yunancadan gelir ve amac\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc savu\u015fturmak olan nesneleri tan\u0131mlar.<\/p>

Pazuzu muskas\u0131<\/span>, Eski Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu’nun en iyi ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f apotropaika<\/span> \u00f6rneklerinden biri olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar; zira \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00f6rnek g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir nesnede bi\u00e7im ile i\u015flev bu denli s\u0131k\u0131 bi\u00e7imde birbirine ba\u011flanamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle, yok olmu\u015f bir d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00fcndelik dinine ender rastlanan ve iyi belgelenmi\u015f bir bak\u0131\u015f sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Pazuzu, R\u00fczgar \u0130blislerinin Efendisi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Pazuzu, yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklarda k\u00f6t\u00fc r\u00fczgar iblislerinin kral\u0131, Tanr\u0131 Hanbi’nin o\u011flu olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar. Etki alan\u0131, Mezopotamya \u00fczerinden bat\u0131dan ve g\u00fcneybat\u0131dan esen s\u0131cak ve kuru r\u00fczgard\u0131.<\/p>

Bu r\u00fczgar ate\u015fli hastal\u0131klar\u0131, kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00e7ekirge s\u00fcr\u00fclerini beraberinde getirirdi. Pazuzu, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla soyut bir tehdidi de\u011fil, tar\u0131msal g\u00fcndelik ya\u015famda her y\u0131l ya\u015fanan \u00e7ok somut bir tehlikeyi simgeliyordu.<\/p>

Dikkat \u00e7ekici olan, Pazuzu’nun neredeyse hi\u00e7 \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir mitolojisinin<\/span> bulunmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Eski Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu’nun di\u011fer fig\u00fcrleri anlat\u0131larda, ilahilerde ve destanlarda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ele al\u0131n\u0131rken Pazuzu, neredeyse yaln\u0131zca muskalar\u0131n kendisi ve birka\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fc metni arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bilinmektedir.<\/p>

O, anlat\u0131da de\u011fil, nesnede ya\u015fayan bir varl\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fck, bu denli yayg\u0131n bir fig\u00fcr i\u00e7in al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k oldu\u011fundan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 uzun s\u00fcre me\u015fgul etmi\u015ftir. Fig\u00fcr\u00fcn daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131, varl\u0131klar s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki Pazuzu<\/a> sayfas\u0131nda bulunabilir.<\/p>

Pazuzu’nun zararl\u0131 r\u00fczgar\u0131 y\u00f6netti\u011fi i\u00e7in onu durdurabilece\u011fi inanc\u0131, Eski Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturuyordu. R\u00fczgar iblislerinin efendisini kendi yan\u0131na \u00e7eken ki\u015fi, Pazuzu’nun h\u00fckmetti\u011fi tam da o kuvvetlere kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir m\u00fcttefik kazan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>

Muska<\/span>, bu ittifak\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ve kal\u0131c\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131yordu. \u0130blisi<\/span> bir tehdit olarak de\u011fil, d\u0131\u015fa y\u00f6nlendirilmi\u015f ba\u011fl\u0131 bir koruyucu g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak ta\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Bi\u00e7im ve \u0130konografi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Pazuzu’nun ikonografisi, bile\u015fik bir karma varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n<\/span> \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterilecek bir temsilini sunar. Ba\u015f, k\u00f6pek ya da aslana benzer bir y\u00fcz ta\u015f\u0131r; derin yerle\u015fmi\u015f ve d\u0131\u015fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131k g\u00f6zler, belirgin bir al\u0131n b\u00f6lgesi ve bir \u00e7ift k\u0131vr\u0131k boynuz dikkat \u00e7eker. \u0130nsana benzer g\u00f6vde pullu olarak betimlenmi\u015f, ayaklar ku\u015f pen\u00e7esiyle son bulmaktad\u0131r; tasvirlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funda iki \u00e7ift kanat bulunmaktad\u0131r. Akrep kuyru\u011fu ise b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc tamamlar.<\/p>

Bu \u00f6zelliklerin her biri, tehlikeli ya da s\u0131n\u0131r a\u015fan hayvanlardan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131, y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 ku\u015f ve akrep, Eski Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde sald\u0131rganl\u0131k ve tehlikeyle \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilen varl\u0131klard\u0131r.<\/p>

Karma g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm bu \u00f6zellikleri tek bir fig\u00fcrde toplar ve Pazuzu’yu salt g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcyle bile cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir varl\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr. Bir y\u00fckseltilmi\u015f, bir al\u00e7alt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f el, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131larca tehdit ve savunman\u0131n rit\u00fcel i\u015fareti olarak yorumlanan sabit bir jest olu\u015fturur.<\/p>

Bu g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm \u00f6zg\u00fcr bir sanatsal bulu\u015f de\u011fil, y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca de\u011fi\u015fmeden kalan yerle\u015fik bir ikonografik tipti. Ellerine bir Pazuzu muskas\u0131<\/span> alan herkes, bunun ne oldu\u011funu an\u0131nda anlard\u0131.<\/p>

Bu tan\u0131nabilirlik \u00f6nemliydi; zira tasvirinin hem ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 \u00fczerinde hem de uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hedeflenen g\u00fc\u00e7ler \u00fczerinde kesin bir etki b\u0131rakmas\u0131 gerekiyordu. Tipin s\u00fcreklili\u011fi, Pazuzu’ya ili\u015fkin tasar\u0131m\u0131n Eski Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu’da ne denli ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Malzeme, Boyut ve Yaz\u0131t<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Malzeme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tun\u00e7 bask\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar; bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ta\u015f, pi\u015fmi\u015f toprak ve fayanstan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00f6rnekler de belgelenmi\u015ftir. Tun\u00e7 d\u00f6k\u00fclebildi\u011fi ve y\u00fcz hatlar\u0131n\u0131n ince bi\u00e7imde i\u015flenmesine olanak tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zellikle ba\u015f kolye u\u00e7lar\u0131 genellikle \u00f6zenli bir i\u015f\u00e7ilikle yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Boyutlar, birka\u00e7 santimetre y\u00fcksekli\u011findeki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kolye u\u00e7lar\u0131ndan, heykelcik ya da tepelik olarak kullan\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015f tasvirlerine ve b\u00fct\u00fcn fig\u00fcrlere dek uzan\u0131r.<\/p>

\u0130ki temel bi\u00e7im ay\u0131rt edilebilir: heykelcik ya da kolye ucu olarak tam fig\u00fcr ve \u00e7ok daha yayg\u0131n olan yaln\u0131zca Pazuzu ba\u015f\u0131 ile asma halkas\u0131ndan olu\u015fan t\u00fcr.<\/p>

Yaln\u0131zca ba\u015f, tam bir koruma sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in yeterliydi. B\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc temsil eden bir par\u00e7a, muska biliminde \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n bir ilkeydi. Ba\u015f ayr\u0131ca daha kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131yd\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 daha kolayd\u0131 ve \u00fcretimi daha ucuzdu.<\/p>

Pek \u00e7ok \u00f6rnek bir yaz\u0131t<\/span> ta\u015f\u0131r. S\u0131kl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan bu sabit \u00f6z-tan\u0131t\u0131m form\u00fcl\u00fc, anlam olarak \u015f\u00f6yle ba\u015flar: Ben Pazuzu’yum, Hanbi’nin o\u011flu, k\u00f6t\u00fc r\u00fczgar iblislerinin kral\u0131.<\/p>

Bu form\u00fcl yaln\u0131zca bir etiket de\u011fildi. Koruyucu etkinin etkin bir par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131; zira varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131yla \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmak ve r\u00fctbesini kay\u0131t alt\u0131na almak, onun g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u011flamak ve muskay\u0131<\/span> korumakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc k\u0131lman\u0131n bir arac\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Lamaschtu'ya Kar\u015f\u0131 Koruma<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Pazuzu muskas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli g\u00f6revi, Lamaschtu<\/a>‘yu uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmakt\u0131. Bu di\u015fi iblis, hamileler, lohusalar ve yeni do\u011fanlar i\u00e7in bir tehdit olarak kabul edilirdi.<\/p>

Ona d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckler, do\u011fum sonu ate\u015fi ve bebek \u00f6l\u00fcmleri atfedilirdi. Lamaschtu<\/span>, b\u00f6ylece antik d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ger\u00e7ek tehlikelerinden birini, yani do\u011fum ile ilk ya\u015fam haftalar\u0131n\u0131n anne ve \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in son derece riskli oldu\u011fu o d\u00f6nemi simgeliyordu.<\/p>

Pazuzu bu g\u00fcce kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu durum, \u00f6zellikle Lamaschtu<\/span> plaketlerinde \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Tun\u00e7 ya da ta\u015ftan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bu levhalar, birka\u00e7 g\u00f6rsel katmanda di\u015fi iblisin nas\u0131l b\u00fcy\u00fclendi\u011fini ve yeralt\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131na nas\u0131l geri s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc tasvir eder.<\/p>

Tabletin \u00fcst kenar\u0131ndan yukar\u0131ya uzanan bir Pazuzu ba\u015f\u0131 sahneye a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan bakar ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc adeta denetler. Levhalar, yata\u011f\u0131n \u00fczerine ya da ya\u015fam alan\u0131n\u0131n duvar\u0131na as\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>

Hamile kad\u0131nlar ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra do\u011frudan v\u00fccut \u00fczerinde Pazuzu ba\u015f kolye u\u00e7lar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Muska<\/span>, \u00f6zellikle risk alt\u0131ndaki ki\u015filerle birlikte bulunurdu. Bu sayede do\u011fum ve erken \u00e7ocukluk korumas\u0131yla s\u0131k\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131; g\u00fcvenlik iste\u011finin en yo\u011fun hissedildi\u011fi bir aland\u0131 bu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Ta\u015f\u0131ma Bi\u00e7imi ve Ev \u0130\u00e7i Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Pazuzu muskas\u0131<\/span>, \u00f6zel g\u00fcnlere \u00f6zg\u00fc bir nesne de\u011fil, g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. Ba\u015f kolye u\u00e7lar\u0131ndaki asma halkas\u0131, bu par\u00e7alar\u0131n boyuna ya da giysilere ba\u011flanan bir iple ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. B\u00f6ylece koruma, g\u00fcn boyunca sahibine e\u015flik eder ve geceleri de yak\u0131n\u0131nda kal\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>

Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra muskan\u0131n<\/span> evde de belirli bir yeri vard\u0131. Daha b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015f tasvirleri ve fig\u00fcrler duvarlara, kap\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fczerine ya da uyku yerine yak\u0131n bir konuma yerle\u015ftirilirdi.<\/p>

Kap\u0131lar, pencereler ve e\u015fikler, Eski Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu’da zararl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin korunan alana girebilece\u011fi noktalar olarak kabul edilirdi. Pazuzu tam da bu noktalara yerle\u015ftirilerek evin s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>

Kullan\u0131m her toplumsal kesimi kaps\u0131yordu. Sade bi\u00e7imde d\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f \u00f6rnekler, \u00f6zenle i\u015flenmi\u015f par\u00e7alar\u0131n yan\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Pazuzu muskas\u0131<\/span>, varl\u0131kl\u0131lar\u0131n ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil, aile ve ev g\u00fcvenli\u011fine duyulan ortak istekle yayg\u0131n bi\u00e7imde benimsenen bir koruyucuydu. Bu g\u00fcndeliklik, onu yaln\u0131zca tap\u0131naklara ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f t\u00fcm\u00fcyle k\u00fcltsel nesnelerden ay\u0131rt eder.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Yay\u0131l\u0131m ve Tarihlendirme<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Pazuzu muskas\u0131n\u0131n en parlak d\u00f6nemi, milattan \u00f6nceki birinci milenyumdur. Yeni Asur ve Yeni Babil imparatorluklar\u0131nda halk\u0131n geni\u015f kesimlerince kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ard\u0131ndan gelen Pers d\u00f6neminde de canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumu\u015ftur. Pek \u00e7ok ku\u015fak boyunca ev korumas\u0131n\u0131n kal\u0131c\u0131 bir unsuru olarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>

Buluntular, Mezopotamya’n\u0131n ana topraklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00f6tesine uzan\u0131r. Pazuzu muskalar\u0131 Levant’ta, \u0130ran’da, M\u0131s\u0131r’da ve hatta do\u011fu Akdeniz havzas\u0131nda belgelenmi\u015ftir. Bu geni\u015f da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m, nesnelerin insanlarla, mallarla ve fikirlerle birlikte yolculuk etti\u011fini ve onlara e\u015flik eden koruma anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel s\u0131n\u0131rlar \u00f6tesinde de anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>

Buluntu ba\u011flamlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda mezarlar ve konutlar \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar; zaman zaman kutsal alanlara da rastlan\u0131r. Mezarda muska<\/span>, \u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn yan\u0131nda kalmaya devam ederdi; evde ise diriler i\u00e7in hizmet g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fc. B\u00f6lgeler ve ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki bu yay\u0131l\u0131m, Pazuzu muskas\u0131n\u0131n<\/span> Eski Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu’nun maddi din\u00ee gelene\u011fine ne denli derin bi\u00e7imde k\u00f6k sald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Etki \u0130lkesi: \u0130blise Kar\u015f\u0131 \u0130blis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Pazuzu muskas\u0131<\/span>, din bilimlerinin<\/span> m\u00fcttefik bir korku g\u00fcc\u00fc arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla savunma olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir koruma ilkesini izler. Yaln\u0131zca yard\u0131msever bir tanr\u0131dan<\/span> destek dilemek yerine, korkulan bir varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc ba\u011flan\u0131r ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015fa, Lamaschtu<\/span>‘ya ve zararl\u0131 r\u00fczgara y\u00f6nlendirilir.<\/p>

Muskalar\u0131n \u00fczerindeki yaz\u0131t<\/span> bu ba\u011flamda belirli bir i\u015flev \u00fcstlenirdi. Pazuzu’yu ad\u0131yla \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rarak k\u00f6keni ve r\u00fctbesini saptayan yaz\u0131t, onu ayn\u0131 zamanda bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe de ba\u011flard\u0131. \u0130blisin<\/span> y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 niteli\u011fi korunurdu; ancak bunun y\u00f6n\u00fc art\u0131k belirlenmi\u015fti ve ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na adanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>

Bu \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc Eski Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu’da yaln\u0131zca tek bir \u00f6rnekte g\u00f6r\u00fclmez; ba\u015fka k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerde de kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar. K\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc korkutan \u00fcrk\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fc tasvir, \u00f6rne\u011fin Yunan gelene\u011finde kalkanlar ve ev al\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan Gorgoneion’da, yani Medusa ba\u015f\u0131nda, ya da Do\u011fu Asya kap\u0131 bek\u00e7ilerinin tehditk\u00e2r y\u00fczlerinde de yer al\u0131r.<\/p>

Pazuzu muskas\u0131<\/span>, korkunun korkuyla savu\u015fturulabilece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki yayg\u0131n bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin \u00f6zellikle a\u00e7\u0131k se\u00e7ik bi\u00e7imde ortaya konmu\u015f bir \u00f6rne\u011fidir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Tarihi ve G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki Yorumlar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Pazuzu \u00fczerine bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131na uzan\u0131r; bu d\u00f6nemde Heinrich Zimmern gibi asiriyologlar b\u00fcy\u00fc metinlerini g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 ba\u015fvurulan kapsaml\u0131 incelemeyi Nils Hee\u00dfel 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlad\u0131.<\/p>

Hee\u00dfel’in arkeolojik ve filolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck muska ve plaka koleksiyonunu sistematik bi\u00e7imde ele alarak konuya ili\u015fkin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc sonraki ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturdu. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma, Mezopotamya koruyucu ruhlar\u0131n\u0131 ve rit\u00fcel metinlerini inceleyen Frans Wiggermann’\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan da \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>

Pazuzu ad\u0131, geni\u015f bir kitleye \u00f6zellikle 1973 yap\u0131m\u0131 The Exorcist (\u015eeytan) filmiyle tan\u0131nd\u0131; filmde bir Pazuzu heykelci\u011fi belirleyici bir rol \u00fcstlenir. Bu al\u0131mlama iblisi<\/span> geni\u015f kitlelere duyurdu; ancak ayn\u0131 zamanda onun imgesini de \u00e7arp\u0131tt\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

Pop\u00fcler alg\u0131da Pazuzu o tarihten bu yana salt k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn simgesi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Oysa tarihsel bulgu farkl\u0131 bir tablo ortaya koyar. Pazuzu muskas\u0131<\/span>, hamile kad\u0131nlar ve \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in \u015fefkatle \u00fcretilmi\u015f bir koruma nesnesiydi. Onu ta\u015f\u0131yanlar k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc aram\u0131yor, aksine ondan ka\u00e7\u0131nmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>

\u00d6zg\u00fcn Pazuzu muskalar\u0131 ve iblisin \u00fcnl\u00fc heykelci\u011fi bug\u00fcn bir\u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck koleksiyonda g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir; bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Paris’teki Louvre, Londra’daki British Museum ve Berlin’deki Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu M\u00fczesi gelmektedir. Bu eserler, y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca pek \u00e7ok insan\u0131n g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fam\u0131na e\u015flik eden ve Eski Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu muska biliminin en etkileyici b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden birini olu\u015fturan bir koruma gelene\u011fine tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmektedir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Literat\u00fcr (Se\u00e7me)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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