{"id":72102,"date":"2026-08-01T21:28:11","date_gmt":"2026-08-01T21:28:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/laozi-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-01T21:28:38","modified_gmt":"2026-08-01T21:28:38","slug":"laozi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/laozi\/","title":{"rendered":"Laozi"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"72102\" class=\"elementor elementor-72102 elementor-3065\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-345170e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"345170e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff235dd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ff235dd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8fb6ac8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8fb6ac8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc68772 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bc68772\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Laozi, Daoizmin Kurucusu<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-359f20b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"359f20b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Laozi (\u8001\u5b50, ayr\u0131ca Lao-tzu, Lao-tse), \u00c7in gelene\u011finde <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dao'yu, yani Yolu esas alan \u00c7in din\u00ee-felsefi gelene\u011fi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Daoizm<\/span>&#8216;in kurucusu ve \u00c7in din ile felsefe tarihinin en etkili metinlerinden biri olan &#8220;Daodejing&#8221;&#8216;in efsanevi yazar\u0131 olarak kabul edilmektedir.<\/p><p>Tarihsel varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 modern ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r; hayat\u0131na ili\u015fkin kaynaklar k\u0131t, \u00e7eli\u015fkili ve k\u0131smen efsanevi bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Laozi&#8217;nin din bilimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan incelenmesi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde art\u0131k tarihsel ki\u015fiyle de\u011fil, ona atfedilen metinlerin etki tarihiyle ve sonraki tanr\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcreciyle ilgilenmektedir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec1d295 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ec1d295\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d78c6a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"d78c6a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Tanr\u0131 \/ Tanr\u0131\u00e7a: Bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn panteonunda ki\u015file\u015ftirilmi\u015f y\u00fcce g\u00fc\u00e7; do\u011fa kuvvetleri, kader, sava\u015f ve bereket gibi belirgin sorumluluk alanlar\u0131yla. K\u00fcltler, kurbanlar ve tap\u0131nak kurumlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla y\u00fcceltilir.\">Tanr\u0131<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3280e9a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3280e9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78f4bb5 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"78f4bb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Bu sayfada ba\\u015fl\\u0131k bulunamad\\u0131.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0130\u00e7indekiler\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__78f4bb5\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__78f4bb5\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__78f4bb5\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6d504f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a6d504f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf9f9ad iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cf9f9ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_daoismus_laozi-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3217\" alt=\"Laozi - G\u00f6tter aus der Daoismus-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_daoismus_laozi-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_daoismus_laozi-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_daoismus_laozi-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_daoismus_laozi.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5250054 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5250054\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b7d392 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7b7d392\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0015f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b0015f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tarihsel Ki\u015fiye \u0130li\u015fkin Kaynak Durumu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c2b50b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0c2b50b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Laozi&#8217;ye ait en kapsaml\u0131 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Yakla\u015f\u0131k M.\u00d6. 800 ile M.S. 600 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki Yunan ve Roma k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc \u00e7a\u011f\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">antik<\/span> biyografi, Sima Qian&#8217;\u0131n M.\u00d6. 90 civar\u0131nda tamamlanan &#8220;Shiji&#8221; (&#8220;Tarih\u00e7inin Kay\u0131tlar\u0131&#8221;) adl\u0131 eserinde yer almaktad\u0131r. Sima Qian, Laozi hakk\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 versiyon aktarmakta ve hangisinin do\u011fru oldu\u011funu bilmedi\u011fini bizzat kabul etmektedir.<\/p><p>En yayg\u0131n versiyona g\u00f6re Laozi, M.\u00d6. 6. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Do\u011fu Zhou hanedan\u0131 saray\u0131nda k\u00fct\u00fcphaneci ya da ar\u015fivci olarak g\u00f6rev yapan bir memurdu.<\/p><p>Gen\u00e7 Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs (M.\u00d6. 551-479) ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ileride b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcstat olacak ki\u015fiye \u00f6\u011f\u00fctler verdi\u011fi rivayet edilmektedir. Son olarak Laozi, imparatorlu\u011fun \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden duydu\u011fu hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00fclkeyi bat\u0131ya do\u011fru terk etmi\u015f ve Han-Gu Ge\u00e7idi&#8217;ndeki s\u0131n\u0131r bek\u00e7isi Yinxi&#8217;nin \u0131srar\u0131 \u00fczerine Daodejing&#8217;i 5000 yaz\u0131 karakteriyle kaleme alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0130kinci versiyon Laozi&#8217;yi, Zhou d\u00f6neminin bir di\u011fer Daoist \u00f6\u011fretmeni olan Lao Laizi ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirmektedir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc versiyon ise onu yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 y\u0131l sonraya yerle\u015ftirmektedir. Bu \u00e7ok versiyonluluk, Sima Qian&#8217;\u0131n g\u00fcvenilir biyografik verilere sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve malzemeyi \u00e7e\u015fitli s\u00f6zl\u00fc ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 geleneklerden derledi\u011fini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Hans-Georg M\u00f6ller, &#8220;Laotse&#8221; (1995) ve &#8220;The Philosophy of the Daodejing&#8221; (2006) adl\u0131 eserlerinde Sima Qian&#8217;\u0131n k\u0131t verilerinin tarihsel de\u011fil, efsanevi bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6257dc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c6257dc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad033e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ad033e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Modern Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda Tarihsellik Sorunu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28596d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"28596d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Modern sinoloji ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Laozi&#8217;nin tarihselli\u011fi sorununu yo\u011fun bi\u00e7imde tart\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Russell Kirkland, &#8220;Taoism: The Enduring Tradition&#8221; (2004) adl\u0131 eserinde ele\u015ftirel bir tutum benimseyerek Laozi&#8217;nin tarihsel bir ki\u015fi olarak neredeyse kavranamaz oldu\u011funu ve ona atfedilen metinlerin birka\u00e7 ku\u015fak boyunca Daoist e\u011filimli bilginlerin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p><p>Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f metin tarihi ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131yla desteklenmektedir: G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re Daodejing, tek bir yazara ait b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc bir eser de\u011fil, en eski katmanlar\u0131 M.\u00d6. 4. ya da 3. y\u00fczy\u0131la uzanan bir derlemedir.<\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet>1993 y\u0131l\u0131nda Guodian&#8217;da (Hubei ili) ke\u015ffedilen bambu tabletler, M.\u00d6. 4. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na tarihlenen Daodejing&#8217;in erken bir versiyonuna ait fragmanlar i\u00e7ermekteydi. Bu bulgular metnin olu\u015fum tarihine ili\u015fkin tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yeniden canland\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve Daodejing&#8217;in birka\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilip geni\u015fletildi\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p><p>Bu durumda tek bir tarihsel yazar ki\u015fili\u011finin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olas\u0131l\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Eseri Laozi&#8217;ye atfetme gelene\u011fi, efsanevi bir kurucu fig\u00fcre pseudepigrafik at\u0131f yapman\u0131n \u00c7in k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne \u00f6zg\u00fc tipik bir \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fa1cda e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6fa1cda\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72671cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"72671cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Daodejing<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed9666a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ed9666a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Daodejing (&#8220;Yol ve Erdem Klasi\u011fi&#8221;), temel Daoist kavramlar\u0131 \u015fiirsel ve aforistik bi\u00e7imde i\u015fleyen 81 k\u0131sa b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fan bir metindir.<\/p><p>Temel kavramlar \u015funlard\u0131r: &#8220;Dao&#8221; (Yol, \u00f6zg\u00fcn kozmik ger\u00e7eklik), &#8220;De&#8221; (Erdem, i\u00e7sel g\u00fc\u00e7), &#8220;Wuwei&#8221; (Eylemsizlik, zorlamas\u0131z etki), &#8220;Ziran&#8221; (Do\u011fall\u0131k, kendi-kendili\u011finden-b\u00f6yle-olan) ve &#8220;Pu&#8221; (yontulmam\u0131\u015f odun, \u00f6zg\u00fcn yal\u0131nl\u0131k). Bu kavramlar birlikte, sonraki pek \u00e7ok \u015ferhte daha da geli\u015ftirilen felsefi ve din\u00ee bir sistem olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n<p>Daodejing&#8217;e ili\u015fkin en \u00f6nemli klasik \u015ferhler Wang Bi (226-249) ve Heshang Gong&#8217;dan (M.\u00d6. 1. y\u00fczy\u0131l ya da M.S. 2. y\u00fczy\u0131l) gelmektedir. Her ikisi de farkl\u0131 yorumlar benimsemektedir: Wang Bi metni felsefi-ontolojik a\u00e7\u0131dan, Heshang Gong ise meditasyon ve nefes teknikleriyle ili\u015fkilendirerek din\u00ee-pratik a\u00e7\u0131dan okumaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Felsefi ve din\u00ee okuma aras\u0131ndaki bu gerilim Daodejing al\u0131mlamas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze dek \u015fekillendirmi\u015ftir. Livia Kohn, &#8220;Daoism and Chinese Culture&#8221; (2001) adl\u0131 eserinde metnin bu \u00e7ift do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ba\u011flamlardaki ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc etkisini nas\u0131l m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ba74c9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0ba74c9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c62d4e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c62d4e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Laozi'nin Tanr\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c669a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c669a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Laozi&#8217;nin din\u00ee tanr\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 M.S. 2. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zhang Daoling taraf\u0131ndan M.S. 142 civar\u0131nda kurulan erken Daoist okul Tianshi (&#8220;G\u00f6ksel \u00dcstatlar&#8221;) b\u00fcnyesinde Laozi, g\u00f6ksel bir \u00f6\u011fretmen ve Dao&#8217;nun tezah\u00fcr\u00fc olarak y\u00fcceltilmi\u015ftir.<\/p><p>Rivayete g\u00f6re Laozi, Zhang Daoling&#8217;e bir g\u00f6r\u00fcmde (vizyon) belirmi\u015f ve ona kutsal metinleri devretmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece Laozi art\u0131k yaln\u0131zca efsanevi bir filozof de\u011fil, etkin din\u00ee bir i\u015flevi olan kozmik bir fig\u00fcr haline gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n<p>Bu tanr\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma sonraki y\u00fczy\u0131llarda daha da geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Tang d\u00f6nemi (618-907) <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dao'yu, yani Yolu esas alan \u00c7in din\u00ee-felsefi gelene\u011fi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Daoizm<\/span>&#8216;inde Laozi, Daoist panteonun \u00fc\u00e7 ba\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131ndan biri olan Taishang Laojun (&#8220;En Y\u00fcce Ya\u015fl\u0131 Efendi&#8221;) olarak kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr; di\u011fer ikisi Yuanshi Tianzun (&#8220;Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n G\u00f6ksel Onurlusu&#8221;) ve Lingbao Tianzun (&#8220;Kutsal Hazinenin G\u00f6ksel Onurlusu&#8221;)&#8217;dur.<\/p><p>Bu bi\u00e7imiyle Laozi, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de \u00c7in, Tayvan ve Hong Kong&#8217;daki Daoist tap\u0131naklarda varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4e0da5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d4e0da5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b11b74c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b11b74c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Laozi ve \u0130mparatorluk Siyaseti<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94e71dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"94e71dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Laozi, imparatorluk siyasetinde \u00f6zel bir rol \u00fcstlenmi\u015ftir. Li soyad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan Tang imparatorlar\u0131, soyad\u0131n\u0131n Li oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen Laozi&#8217;den soyageldiklerini iddia etmi\u015ftir.<\/p><p>Bu soy kurulu\u015fu Tang hanedan\u0131n\u0131n ideolojik temeli haline gelmi\u015f ve devletin <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dao'yu, yani Yolu esas alan \u00c7in din\u00ee-felsefi gelene\u011fi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Daoizm<\/span>&#8216;i desteklemesine zemin haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130mparator Xuanzong (712-756 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr) Laozi&#8217;ye &#8220;Y\u00fcce Kutsal Ata, B\u00fcy\u00fck Erdemin Ebedi G\u00f6k Efendisi&#8221; unvan\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015f ve Daodejing&#8217;in devlet s\u0131navlar\u0131nda zorunlu okuma listesine al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 emretmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Florian Reiter, &#8220;The Aspirations and Standards of Taoist Priests in the Early Tang Period&#8221; (1998) adl\u0131 eserinde Laozi&#8217;ye y\u00f6nelik din\u00ee sayg\u0131n\u0131n Tang hanedan\u0131n\u0131n siyasi \u00f6z-sunumuyla ne denli i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7ti\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p><p>\u0130mparatorluk himayesi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dao'yu, yani Yolu esas alan \u00c7in din\u00ee-felsefi gelene\u011fi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Daoizm<\/span>&#8216;in bir alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f ya\u015famas\u0131na, \u00e7ok say\u0131da <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir veya birden fazla tanr\u0131ya tap\u0131nmaya hizmet eden yap\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">tap\u0131nak<\/span> in\u015fa edilmesine ve Daoist <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belirlenmi\u015f din\u00ee bir eylem dizisine ait.\" tabindex=\"0\">lit\u00fcrji<\/span>nin standartla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu siyasi ara\u00e7salla\u015ft\u0131rma Laozi imgesini kal\u0131c\u0131 bi\u00e7imde \u015fekillendirmi\u015f ve onun al\u0131mlanmas\u0131n\u0131 daha az kurumsal bir \u00e7izgide seyreden Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fckten ay\u0131rt etmektedir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f33cd7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7f33cd7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-518d1c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"518d1c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Din Bilimi A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-357732f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"357732f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Din bilimi ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda &#8220;felsefi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dao'yu, yani Yolu esas alan \u00c7in din\u00ee-felsefi gelene\u011fi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Daoizm<\/span>&#8221; (Daojia) ile &#8220;din\u00ee <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dao'yu, yani Yolu esas alan \u00c7in din\u00ee-felsefi gelene\u011fi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Daoizm<\/span>&#8221; (Daojiao) aras\u0131nda bir ayr\u0131m yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r; Han d\u00f6neminden (M.\u00d6. 206 &#8211; M.S. 220) bu yana ge\u00e7erli olan bu ayr\u0131m, her iki kolun tarihsel ger\u00e7eklikte i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7ti\u011fi i\u00e7in sorunludur.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Isabelle Robinet &#8220;Taoism: Growth of a Religion&#8221; (1997) ve Harold Roth &#8220;Original Tao&#8221; (1999) adl\u0131 eserlerinde kat\u0131 bir ayr\u0131m\u0131n tarihsel bulguyu yeterince yans\u0131tmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Daodejing de meditasyon prati\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan okunabilecek pasajlar i\u00e7ermekte, din\u00ee ak\u0131mlar ise felsefi kavramlar\u0131 merkezi bi\u00e7imde kullanmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p>Volker Olles, Sichuan&#8217;daki <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dao'yu, yani Yolu esas alan \u00c7in din\u00ee-felsefi gelene\u011fi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Daoizm<\/span> \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda Laozi sayg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6lgesel \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini belgelemi\u015ftir. Kimi b\u00f6lgelerde Laozi kozmik bir ilke olarak y\u00fcceltilirken, kimi b\u00f6lgelerde somut etki alanlar\u0131yla (\u015fifa, koruma, zenginlik) ki\u015fisel bir <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bir din i\u00e7inde tanr\u0131sal olarak y\u00fcceltilen varl\u0131k.\" tabindex=\"0\">tanr\u0131<\/span> olarak tap\u0131n\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Bu \u00e7e\u015fitlilik, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dao'yu, yani Yolu esas alan \u00c7in din\u00ee-felsefi gelene\u011fi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Daoizm<\/span>&#8216;in kapal\u0131 bir din de\u011fil, \u00e7ok say\u0131da ak\u0131m ve yerel bi\u00e7imleniyle geni\u015f bir din\u00ee gelenek oldu\u011funu ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e31b6ff e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e31b6ff\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f4de1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f4de1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Laozi: Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 Bir De\u011ferlendirme<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6ed944 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d6ed944\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Laozi&#8217;nin di\u011fer din\u00ee geleneklerin b\u00fcy\u00fck kurucular\u0131yla (Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs, Buda, Sokrates) kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda zaman zaman g\u00fcndeme gelmektedir; ancak bu y\u00f6ntem a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hassas bir meseledir. Hans-Georg M\u00f6ller, Bat\u0131 dinlerinde \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kan tek bir kurucu tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7in gelene\u011finde ayn\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ge\u00e7erli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir.<\/p><p>Laozi, \u0130sa ya da Muhammed anlam\u0131nda bir kurucu olmaktan ziyade, belirli bir gelene\u011fi temsil eden ancak onu fiilen hayata ge\u00e7irmeyen efsanevi bir simge fig\u00fcrd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u00c7in gelene\u011fi i\u00e7inde Laozi, ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck Daoist yazar olarak ayn\u0131 ad\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan &#8220;Zhuangzi&#8221; adl\u0131 temel \u00f6neme sahip eserin sahibi Zhuangzi (M.\u00d6. 4. y\u00fczy\u0131l) ile birlikte an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Her ikisi de \u00e7o\u011fu kez klasik <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dao'yu, yani Yolu esas alan \u00c7in din\u00ee-felsefi gelene\u011fi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Daoizm<\/span>&#8216;in ortak kurucular\u0131 olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Hans-Georg M\u00f6ller ve Harold Roth, her iki metnin farkl\u0131 felsefi vurgular ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ancak ortak temel kavramlar\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve birbirini yorumlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ae790a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6ae790a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4f2ade elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f4f2ade\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mawangdui ve Guodian Elyazmalar\u0131<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcdec89 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fcdec89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>&#8220;Daodejing&#8221;&#8216;in metin tarihi ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n iki arkeolojik bulgusuyla temelden d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1973 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7inli arkeologlar, Changsha yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Mawangdui&#8217;nin 3 numaral\u0131 mezar\u0131nda (Hunan ili) M.\u00d6. 168&#8217;e tarihlenen iki ipek elyazmas\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p><p>&#8220;Mawangdui A&#8221; ve &#8220;Mawangdui B&#8221; versiyonlar\u0131, sonraki standart metne k\u0131yasla ana b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin ters s\u0131ralamada yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r: &#8220;De b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc&#8221; (standart metnin 38-81. b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri) &#8220;Dao b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc&#8221;nden (1-37. b\u00f6l\u00fcmler) \u00f6nce gelmektedir.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Bu bulgu sinolojide standart metinden \u00f6nceki daha eski bir redaksiyona i\u015faret olarak de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. Robert G. Henricks, &#8220;Lao-Tzu. Te-Tao Ching&#8221; (New York 1989) adl\u0131 eserinde Mawangdui versiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n ele\u015ftirel aparatl\u0131 tam \u0130ngilizce \u00e7evirisini sunmu\u015f ve Wang Bi vulgatas\u0131ndan 130 substantif okuma farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u0130kinci anahtar bulguyu, 1993 y\u0131l\u0131nda Guodian&#8217;da (yine Hunan) yakla\u015f\u0131k M.\u00d6. 300&#8217;e tarihlenen bir mezardan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bambu \u015feritler olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Bu \u015feritler, hen\u00fcz iki b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f bir bi\u00e7imdeki Daodejing metninin yakla\u015f\u0131k be\u015fte ikisini \u00fc\u00e7 demet halinde i\u00e7ermektedir. Bu versiyon g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Daodejing k\u00fclliyat\u0131n\u0131n bilinen en eski maddi metin tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak kabul edilmektedir. Robert Henricks, &#8220;Lao Tzu&#8217;s Tao Te Ching.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>A Translation of the Startling New Documents Found at Guodian&#8221; (New York 2000) adl\u0131 eserinde filolojik ilk edisyonu sunmu\u015ftur; Sarah Allan ve Crispin Williams ise &#8220;The Guodian Laozi&#8221; (Berkeley 2000) derleme cildinde tarihleme sorusu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan metodolojik sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Harold D. Roth, &#8220;Original Tao&#8221; (New York 1999) adl\u0131 eserinde Guodian bambu \u015feritlerinin Daodejing metnini, izleri &#8220;Neiye&#8221; ve &#8220;Heguanzi&#8221;de de fark edilebilen erken meditatif-kozmolojik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin daha geni\u015f bir ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak konumland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f70d31 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f70d31\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-477e1e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"477e1e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u015eerh Gelene\u011fi ve Din\u00ee Sahiplenme<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d530ab5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d530ab5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Daodejing&#8217;in \u00fcretken etki tarihi, her \u015feyden \u00f6nce \u015ferh gelene\u011fiyle ta\u015f\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Sinolojide <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Yaln\u0131zca erginlenmi\u015f ki\u015filere a\u00e7\u0131k gizli bir bilgi iddias\u0131nda bulunan \u00f6\u011fretilerin ortak ad\u0131.\" tabindex=\"0\">kanonik<\/span> say\u0131lan \u00fc\u00e7 \u015ferh bulunmaktad\u0131r. Geleneksel olarak Han d\u00f6nemine (fiilen ise b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla M.S. 1-2. y\u00fczy\u0131la) tarihlenen &#8220;Heshanggong \u015eerhi&#8221; (&#8220;Nehir K\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki \u00dcstad\u0131n Lao-tze \u015eerhi&#8221;), metni bedensel \u00f6z-yeti\u015ftirme program\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde okumakta ve bu yolla sonraki Daoist \u0130\u00e7 Simya gelene\u011fini (neidan) bi\u00e7imlendirmektedir.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Eduard Erkes, 1950 y\u0131l\u0131nda &#8220;Artibus Asiae&#8221; dergisinde Heshanggong \u015eerhi&#8217;ne ili\u015fkin bir Bat\u0131 dilindeki ilk sistematik incelemeyi yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; Alan K. L. Chan ise &#8220;Two Visions of the Way&#8221; (Albany 1991) adl\u0131 eserinde Heshanggong \u015eerhi&#8217;ni ikinci kanonik \u015ferhle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Bu ikinci \u015ferh, Wei-Jin d\u00f6nemi &#8220;xuanxue&#8221; (&#8220;Gizemli&#8217;nin \u00d6\u011fretisi&#8221;) temsilcisi Wang Bi&#8217;ye (226-249) aittir ve metni, &#8220;Hi\u00e7lik&#8221;in (&#8220;wu&#8221;) varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ontolojik temeli olarak okundu\u011fu ontolojik-metafizik bir \u00e7izgiye ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Wang Bi&#8217;nin \u015ferhi, metnin sonraki \u00c7in okumas\u0131n\u0131 kal\u0131c\u0131 bi\u00e7imde \u015fekillendirmi\u015f ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki standart edisyonlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funa kaynakl\u0131k etmi\u015ftir.<\/p><p>\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc merkezi \u015ferh, 2. ya da 3. y\u00fczy\u0131lda erken &#8220;Tianshi&#8221; (G\u00f6ksel \u00dcstatlar) Daoistleri \u00e7evrelerinde olu\u015fan &#8220;Xiang&#8217;er \u015eerhi&#8221;dir (&#8220;Sana d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerle a\u00e7\u0131klama&#8221;).<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Stephen R. Bokenkamp, &#8220;Early Daoist Scriptures&#8221; (Berkeley 1997) adl\u0131 eserinde Xiang&#8217;er \u015eerhi&#8217;ni ilk kez tam olarak \u0130ngilizceye \u00e7evirmi\u015f ve Laozi&#8217;nin ki\u015fisel tanr\u0131 &#8220;Taishang Laojun&#8221; olarak din\u00ee sahiplenilmesinin bu katmanda zaten tam anlam\u0131yla olu\u015ftu\u011funu, sonraki Lingbao ve Shangqing okullar\u0131nda de\u011fil, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-450e76c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"450e76c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11340e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"11340e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Uluslararas\u0131 Al\u0131mlama<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eae2959 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eae2959\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Daodejing, \u0130ncil&#8217;den sonra d\u00fcnyada en \u00e7ok ba\u015fka dillere \u00e7evrilen kitapt\u0131r. \u0130lk Avrupa \u00e7evirileri 18. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan gelmektedir; 19. ve 20. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda eser, Richard Wilhelm, James Legge ve Arthur Waley gibi \u00e7evirmenler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla geni\u015f bir Bat\u0131 okuyucu kitlesine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><p>20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Laozi, Bat\u0131 felsefesinde, psikoterap\u00f6tik gelenekte ve ezoterik harekette de kayda de\u011fer bir etki b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; \u00e7o\u011funlukla b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde basitle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve Bat\u0131l\u0131 bir yorum \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n<p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Laozi ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131, \u00c7inli, Tayvanl\u0131, Japon, Avrupal\u0131 ve Amerikal\u0131 sinologlar\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen uluslararas\u0131 bir aland\u0131r. Tarihleme, metin tarihi, felsefi okuma ve din\u00ee i\u015flev \u00fczerine tart\u0131\u015fmalar canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Mevcut ara\u015ft\u0131rmalardan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilecek bir sonu\u00e7 \u015fudur: Tarihsel Laozi sorusu, ona atfedilen ve d\u00fcnya edebiyat\u0131 ile d\u00fcnya dinleri tarihinin en belirleyici eserleri aras\u0131nda yer alan metinlerin etki tarihi sorusundan belki de daha az \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Laozi, Daoizmin Kurucusu Laozi (\u8001\u5b50, ayr\u0131ca Lao-tzu, Lao-tse), \u00c7in gelene\u011finde Daoizm&#8217;in kurucusu ve \u00c7in din ile felsefe tarihinin en etkili metinlerinden biri olan &#8220;Daodejing&#8221;&#8216;in efsanevi yazar\u0131 olarak kabul edilmektedir. Tarihsel varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 modern ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r; hayat\u0131na ili\u015fkin kaynaklar k\u0131t, \u00e7eli\u015fkili ve k\u0131smen efsanevi bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Laozi&#8217;nin din bilimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan incelenmesi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde art\u0131k tarihsel ki\u015fiyle de\u011fil, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3217,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Laozi","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Laozi - Daoizmin Kurucusu | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Laozi, Daoizmin efsanevi kurucusu ve Daodejing'in yazar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7 Saf'tan biri olarak tanr\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-72102","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Laozi - Daoizmin Kurucusu | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Laozi, Daoizmin efsanevi kurucusu ve Daodejing&#039;in yazar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7 Saf&#039;tan biri olarak tanr\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/laozi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Laozi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Laozi, Daoizmin efsanevi kurucusu ve Daodejing&#039;in yazar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7 Saf&#039;tan biri olarak tanr\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/laozi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-01T21:28:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_daoismus_laozi.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"11 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/tr\\\/laozi\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/tr\\\/laozi\\\/\",\"name\":\"Laozi - Daoizmin Kurucusu | iWell Guard\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/tr\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/tr\\\/laozi\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/tr\\\/laozi\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_daoismus_laozi.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-01T21:28:11+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-01T21:28:38+00:00\",\"description\":\"Laozi, Daoizmin efsanevi kurucusu ve Daodejing'in yazar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7 Saf'tan biri olarak tanr\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/tr\\\/laozi\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/tr\\\/laozi\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/tr\\\/laozi\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_daoismus_laozi.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_daoismus_laozi.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"G\u00f6tter aus der Daoismus-Tradition.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/tr\\\/laozi\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/tr\\\/ana-sayfa\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Laozi\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/tr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/tr\\\/\",\"name\":\"iWell Guard\",\"description\":\"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/tr\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/tr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/tr\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/tr\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"width\":1182,\"height\":237,\"caption\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pantip.com\\\/profile\\\/9367242\",\"https:\\\/\\\/micro.blog\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.diggerslist.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\",\"https:\\\/\\\/skitterphoto.com\\\/photographers\\\/2870314\\\/iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/06\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/hub.docker.com\\\/u\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/bit.ly\\\/m\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\\\/profiles\\\/iwellguard\\\/activity\",\"https:\\\/\\\/gravatar.com\\\/reallybeded8fd34\",\"https:\\\/\\\/naijamatta.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.goodreads.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/experiment.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/wakelet.com\\\/@iWellGuard82270\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chordie.com\\\/forum\\\/profile.php?id=2555664\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instapaper.com\\\/p\\\/17757966\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mapleprimes.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/businesslistingplus.com\\\/profile\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/telegra.ph\\\/iWell-Guard-06-06\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pbase.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/b.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fliphtml5.com\\\/home\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/anyflip.com\\\/homepage\\\/cmiwl#About\",\"https:\\\/\\\/transfur.com\\\/Users\\\/iwellguard\",\"http:\\\/\\\/delphi.larsbo.org\\\/user\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\\\/profiles\\\/8380803-iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/md.chaosdorf.de\\\/s\\\/jfbe5SBdJD\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lingvolive.com\\\/en-us\\\/profile\\\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\\\/translations\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fitday.com\\\/fitness\\\/forums\\\/members\\\/iwellguard.html\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mymeetbook.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pxhere.com\\\/en\\\/photographer-me\\\/5040798\",\"https:\\\/\\\/disqus.com\\\/by\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pastelink.net\\\/hjwciqwq\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pubhtml5.com\\\/homepage\\\/scjhn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bitchute.com\\\/channel\\\/2O2eOKzNqujT\",\"https:\\\/\\\/audiomack.com\\\/iwellguard\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Laozi - Daoizmin Kurucusu | iWell Guard","description":"Laozi, Daoizmin efsanevi kurucusu ve Daodejing'in yazar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7 Saf'tan biri olarak tanr\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/laozi\/","og_locale":"tr_TR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Laozi","og_description":"Laozi, Daoizmin efsanevi kurucusu ve Daodejing'in yazar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7 Saf'tan biri olarak tanr\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.","og_url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/laozi\/","og_site_name":"iWell Guard","article_modified_time":"2026-08-01T21:28:38+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_daoismus_laozi.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi":"11 dakika"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/laozi\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/laozi\/","name":"Laozi - Daoizmin Kurucusu | iWell Guard","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/laozi\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/laozi\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_daoismus_laozi.webp","datePublished":"2026-08-01T21:28:11+00:00","dateModified":"2026-08-01T21:28:38+00:00","description":"Laozi, Daoizmin efsanevi kurucusu ve Daodejing'in yazar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7 Saf'tan biri olarak tanr\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/laozi\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"tr","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/laozi\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/laozi\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_daoismus_laozi.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_daoismus_laozi.webp","width":1024,"height":1536,"caption":"G\u00f6tter aus der Daoismus-Tradition."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/laozi\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/ana-sayfa\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Laozi"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/","name":"iWell Guard","description":"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"tr"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/#organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","width":1182,"height":237,"caption":"Ittermann electronic GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pantip.com\/profile\/9367242","https:\/\/micro.blog\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.diggerslist.com\/iwellguard\/about","https:\/\/skitterphoto.com\/photographers\/2870314\/iwell-guard","https:\/\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\/2026\/06\/06\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/u\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/bit.ly\/m\/iwellguard","https:\/\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\/profiles\/iwellguard\/activity","https:\/\/gravatar.com\/reallybeded8fd34","https:\/\/naijamatta.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/experiment.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/wakelet.com\/@iWellGuard82270","https:\/\/www.chordie.com\/forum\/profile.php?id=2555664","https:\/\/www.instapaper.com\/p\/17757966","https:\/\/www.mapleprimes.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/businesslistingplus.com\/profile\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/telegra.ph\/iWell-Guard-06-06","https:\/\/pbase.com\/iwellguard\/iwellguard","https:\/\/b.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882","https:\/\/fliphtml5.com\/home\/iwellguard","https:\/\/anyflip.com\/homepage\/cmiwl#About","https:\/\/transfur.com\/Users\/iwellguard","http:\/\/delphi.larsbo.org\/user\/iwellguard","https:\/\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\/profiles\/8380803-iwell-guard","https:\/\/md.chaosdorf.de\/s\/jfbe5SBdJD","https:\/\/www.lingvolive.com\/en-us\/profile\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\/translations","https:\/\/www.fitday.com\/fitness\/forums\/members\/iwellguard.html","https:\/\/www.mymeetbook.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/pxhere.com\/en\/photographer-me\/5040798","https:\/\/disqus.com\/by\/iwellguard\/about\/","https:\/\/pastelink.net\/hjwciqwq","https:\/\/pubhtml5.com\/homepage\/scjhn\/","https:\/\/www.bitchute.com\/channel\/2O2eOKzNqujT","https:\/\/audiomack.com\/iwellguard"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/72102","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=72102"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/72102\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":72110,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/72102\/revisions\/72110"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3217"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=72102"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=72102"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}