{"id":136885,"date":"2026-09-03T00:10:54","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T00:10:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=136885"},"modified":"2026-09-03T01:14:47","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T01:14:47","slug":"ulgen-ljusgud-altai","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/ulgen-ljusgud-altai\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00dclgen \u2013 ljusgud f\u00f6r altaierna"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"136885\" class=\"elementor elementor-136885 elementor-2637 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00dclgen, altaisk ljusgud och skapare av den \u00f6vre v\u00e4rlden<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00dclgen (fornturkiskt <em>\u00dclg\u00e4n<\/em>) \u00e4r i sydsibirisk-tengristisk tro skaparen och ljusguden av den \u00f6vre v\u00e4rlden, v\u00e4ktare av de vita schamanerna och mytisk motpol till underjordens h\u00e4rskare <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/erlik-khan-underjordens-harskare\/\">Erlik Khan<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Skapare inom traditionen Sibirien \/ Tengrismen.\">Skapare<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/sibirisk-schamanism-och-tengrism-stapp-och-tajga\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mytologi inom traditionen Sibirien \/ Tengrismen.\">Sibirien \/ Tengrismen<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"H\u00f6ggudom.\">H\u00f6ggudom<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Inga rubriker hittades p\\u00e5 den h\\u00e4r sidan.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tInneh\u00e5llsf\u00f6rteckning\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-uelgen-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Inhaltsverzeichnis \u00f6ffnen\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-uelgen-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Inhaltsverzeichnis schlie\u00dfen\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-uelgen-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_uelgen-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2858\" alt=\"Uelgen - G\u00f6tter aus der Sibirisch-tengrismus-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_uelgen-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_uelgen-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_uelgen-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_uelgen.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp-uelgen elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp-uelgen\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp-uelgen\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp-uelgen\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp-uelgen elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp-uelgen\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00dclgen, den <strong>altaiska ljusguden<\/strong>, betraktas inom altaisk <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Religi\u00f6st system d\u00e4r specialister kommunicerar med andev\u00e4rlden.\" tabindex=\"0\">schamanism<\/span> som skaparen och den h\u00f6gsta gudomen av den \u00f6vre v\u00e4rlden.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kontextualisering och kortprofil<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00dclgen \u00e4r en specialisering av h\u00f6gguds\u00adkomplexet <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/tengri-himmelsgud-tengristerna\/\">Tengri<\/a> inom den altaiska, telengitiska, schoriska och tuvinska religionen. Medan Tengri utg\u00f6r hela himlavalvet, bebor \u00dclgen de \u00f6versta nio himlarna och betraktas som en personligen tilltalad skapande akt\u00f6r. Anokhin beskrev honom 1924 som \u201ealtaiernas egentligen \u00e5kallade h\u00f6gsta gud\u201c.<\/p><p>Inom den <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/sibirisk-schamanism-och-tengrism-stapp-och-tajga\/\">sibirisk-tengristiska traditionen<\/a> \u00e4r \u00dclgen den \u00f6vre toppen av ett flerledat gudahus; <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/erlik-khan-underjordens-harskare\/\">Erlik Khan<\/a> \u00e4r hans duala motstycke, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/yer-sub-jord-och-vattenande\/\">Yer-Sub<\/a> hans jordbundna komplement.<\/p><p>Den religionssociologiska po\u00e4ngen med \u00dclgen \u00e4r att han, till skillnad fr\u00e5n den fr\u00e5nvarande Tengri, utg\u00f6r en aktiv skapande akt\u00f6r som kan \u00e5kallas direkt. Han fyller d\u00e4rmed en lucka som l\u00e4mnas av <em>deus otiosus<\/em> Tengri; i denna funktion \u00e4r han typologiskt mer j\u00e4mf\u00f6rbar med den grekiske Zeus eller den nordiska Oden \u00e4n med sj\u00e4lva den ofattbara himlen.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Namn och etymologi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ordet <em>\u00fclg\u00e4n \/ \u00fclgen<\/em> \u00e4r fornturkiskt och kopplas i forskningen till betydelserna \u201estor, upph\u00f6jd, m\u00e4ktig\u201c; i vissa lexikon \u00e4ven \u201eden f\u00f6rdelande, f\u00f6rdelaren\u201c (till <em>\u00fcl\u0113-<\/em> \u201edela, dela ut\u201c), vilket passar f\u00f6rest\u00e4llningen att han f\u00f6rdelar livsandelar till m\u00e4nniskorna. Besl\u00e4ktade former \u00e4r chakassiska <em>\u00dclg\u00e4n<\/em>, schoriska <em>\u00dclgen<\/em>.<\/p><p>Hos mongolerna finns ingen direkt motsvarighet; d\u00e4r \u00f6vertas rollen delvis av <em>M\u00f6ngke Tngri<\/em>, delvis av buddhistiskt pr\u00e4glade bodhisattvor som <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/khormusta-hogste-himmelsgud\/\">Khormusta<\/a>. Denna asymmetri g\u00f6r \u00dclgen till en specifikt sydsibirisk-turkisk f\u00f6reteelse.<\/p><p>En alternativ etymologi kopplar namnet till <em>\u00fcligen<\/em>, \u201eden utdelande\u201c, vilket passar den mytologiska f\u00f6rest\u00e4llningen att \u00dclgen f\u00f6rdelar rikedom och fruktbarhet. B\u00e5da etymologierna \u00e4r spr\u00e5khistoriskt f\u00f6renliga och kan historiskt ha verkat tillsammans.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Beskrivning och ikonografi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00dclgen beskrivs som en gammal, vitsk\u00e4ggig man p\u00e5 en guldtron i den h\u00f6gsta himlen. Han b\u00e4r en mantel broderad med sol och m\u00e5ne, h\u00e5ller i h\u00f6gra handen en lysande b\u00e5ge av regnb\u00e5gsmaterial, i den v\u00e4nstra en b\u00e4gare full av stomj\u00f6lk. Hans budb\u00e4rare \u00e4r den vita \u00f6rnen.<\/p><p>I de altaiska trumdiagrammen hos Anokhin och Potapov st\u00e5r \u00dclgen h\u00f6gst upp; under honom f\u00f6rgrenar sig nio d\u00f6ttrar (<em>Kysh-Kyz<\/em>) och nio s\u00f6ner, som styr enskilda himlasf\u00e4rer. Denna mytologi om nio s\u00f6ner och d\u00f6ttrar \u00e4r en klassisk sibirisk h\u00f6gguds-ikonografi som \u00e5terkommer \u00e4ven hos <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/erlik-khan-underjordens-harskare\/\">Erlik Khan<\/a>, dock spegelv\u00e4nt ned\u00e5t.<\/p><p>I den moderna Altairepublikens sammanhang har \u00dclgen konsoliderats ikonografiskt; en k\u00e4nd v\u00e4ggm\u00e5lning i kulturhuset i Gorno-Altajsk visar honom i den vitsk\u00e4ggiga standardformen. Denna moderna ikonografi bygger p\u00e5 Anokhins etnografiska skisser och skapar en sluten bildform som aldrig existerat p\u00e5 det s\u00e4ttet i det historiska materialet.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mytologiska ber\u00e4ttelser<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Den altaiska skapelseber\u00e4ttelsen beskriver hur \u00dclgen driver ensam i urfl\u00f6det, ger en f\u00e5gel uppdraget (ibland en anka, ibland Erlik i f\u00e5gelgestalt) att h\u00e4mta lera fr\u00e5n botten, och formar jorden av den.<\/p><p>Efter att Erlik blivit avskild skapar \u00dclgen den f\u00f6rsta m\u00e4nniskan av lera och ger henne liv genom att l\u00e4gga solen i hennes huvud, ett <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ett \u00e5terkommande inneh\u00e5llselement i konst eller ber\u00e4ttelse.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> som har paralleller \u00e4nda till den kristna skapelsetanken, men s\u00e4kerligen formulerats oberoende.<\/p><p>En andra ber\u00e4ttelse skildrar uppr\u00e4ttandet av v\u00e4rldstr\u00e4det, en kosmisk l\u00e4rk vars r\u00f6tter str\u00e4cker sig in i Erliks rike och vars topp mynnar under \u00dclgens tron. L\u00e4ngs denna axel r\u00f6r sig den vite <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Religi\u00f6s specialist som anses f\u00f6rmedla mellan m\u00e4nniskor och andev\u00e4rlden.\" tabindex=\"0\">schamanen<\/span> under sin f\u00e4rd upp\u00e5t. Mircea Eliade gjorde detta <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ett \u00e5terkommande inneh\u00e5llselement i konst eller ber\u00e4ttelse.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> som \u201eAxis Mundi\u201c till en central kategori i sin <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Religi\u00f6st system d\u00e4r specialister kommunicerar med andev\u00e4rlden.\" tabindex=\"0\">schamanism<\/span>-modell.<\/p><p>En tredje ber\u00e4ttelse beskriver en tvist mellan \u00dclgen och Erlik om den f\u00f6rsta m\u00e4nniskan: Erlik f\u00f6rs\u00f6ker bl\u00e5sa sin andedr\u00e4kt i lerkroppen, men \u00dclgen hinner f\u00f6re. Av vrede skapar Erlik de f\u00f6rsta sjukdomarna och myggen, en typisk etiologisk <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En \u00f6verl\u00e4mnad ber\u00e4ttelse om gudar, ursprung och v\u00e4rldens ordning.\" tabindex=\"0\">myt<\/span> som f\u00f6rklarar ondskans existens utan moralisk dualism.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kult och v\u00f6rdnad<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00dclgen-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Summan av religi\u00f6sa dyrkanshandlingar f\u00f6r en gudom eller helig gestalt.\" tabindex=\"0\">kulten<\/span> var p\u00e5 den altaiska h\u00f6gplat\u00e5n en offentlig v\u00e5rkult. P\u00e5 ett heligt berg offrades i maj en ung ljush\u00e4st (vit eller ljusgul); shamanerna red i ekstatiska sessioner \u201egenom de nio himlarna\u201d och \u00f6verl\u00e4mnade stammens b\u00f6ner till \u00dclgen. Anokhin dokumenterade en av dessa sessioner i detalj (1909, publicerad 1924).<\/p><p>I den personliga sf\u00e4ren var \u00dclgen den centrala <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Det bedjande eller besv\u00e4rjande tilltalet till en gudom eller makt.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e5kallelsen<\/span> f\u00f6r de vita shamanerna (<em>aq kam<\/em>), medan de svarta shamanerna v\u00e4nde sig till <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/erlik-khan-underjordens-harskare\/\">Erlik Khan<\/a>. Hans festdag sammanf\u00f6ll ofta med midsommarfirandet och \u00f6verlappade med det senare Naadam-komplexet i Mongoliet.<\/p><p>En s\u00e4rskild form av \u00dclgen-dyrkan var <em>tagyl<\/em>&#8211;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En reglerad f\u00f6ljd av symboliska handlingar med religi\u00f6s eller kulturell betydelse.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritualen<\/span>: p\u00e5 en flat klippa restes ett litet stenaltare som f\u00f6rseddes med stomj\u00f6lk och sm\u00f6rbakverk. S\u00e5dana klippaltare \u00e4r delvis bevarade arkeologiskt i de sydsibiriska h\u00f6gst\u00e4pperna och kan g\u00e5 tillbaka till <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"F\u00f6rhistorisk epok d\u00e5 brons var det viktigaste metallen f\u00f6r verktyg.\" tabindex=\"0\">brons\u00e5ldern<\/span>, utan att den religi\u00f6sa identifikationen n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndigtvis \u00e4r kontinuerlig.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Skyddspraxis och apotrop\u00e4iskt<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Skyddspraxis inom \u00dclgen-komplexet var positivt konnoterad: det handlade mindre om avv\u00e4rjning \u00e4n om att \u201es\u00e4tta i ordning\u201d. Apotrop\u00e4iska element var att binda vita tygband (<em>kyira<\/em>) p\u00e5 l\u00e4rktr\u00e4d vid bergspass, att resa sm\u00e5 stenpyramider (<em>obo<\/em>) och att undvika buller och gr\u00e4l p\u00e5 passen.<\/p><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">Vid ett barns sjukdom kunde en vit <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Religi\u00f6s specialist som tillskrivs f\u00f6rmedlingen mellan m\u00e4nniskor och andev\u00e4rlden.\" tabindex=\"0\">shaman<\/span> \u00e5kallas, som bad \u00dclgen om \u201e\u00e5terl\u00e4mnandet av en livsandel\u201d. I begreppslig mening \u00e4r detta en kosmisk ordningsb\u00f6n, inget l\u00e4karl\u00f6fte. Religionsvetenskapligt beskrivet h\u00f6r denna praxis till \u201e\u00e5terst\u00e4llningsritualerna\u201d, som \u00e4ven \u00e4r dokumenterade i m\u00e5nga andra ursprungsfolkstraditioner.<\/p><p>Centralt \u00e4r \u00e5tskillnaden: \u00dclgen var mottagare av b\u00f6nerna, inte sj\u00e4lv helaren. Helandet \u00e5l\u00e5g shamanen som f\u00f6rmedlare, en viktig religionssociologisk distinktion som Roberte Hamayon (1990) sk\u00e4rpt gentemot Eliades modell.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralleller i andra kulturer<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Strukturellt j\u00e4mf\u00f6rbar med den germanska Tyr, den vediska Varuna i hans ljusfunktion, den romerska Iuppiter som r\u00e4tts- och ordningsgud och, i Sibirien, med den jakutiska <em>Aar Tojon<\/em>. Religionsfenomenologiskt \u00e4r det p\u00e5fallande att \u00dclgen, till skillnad fr\u00e5n den avl\u00e4gsna Tengri, har en konkret skapelseber\u00e4ttelse, utan att d\u00e4rf\u00f6r bli en skaparegudom-demiurg som Yaldabaoth inom gnosticismen.<\/p><p>En n\u00e4ra parallell finns i den finska Ukko, som likas\u00e5 \u00e4r en \u201emer aktiv h\u00f6gre gud\u201d under ett abstrakt himmelsskikt. Den finske Kalevala-forskaren Juha Pentik\u00e4inen har i <em>Shamanism and Culture<\/em> (1998) dragit typologiska j\u00e4mf\u00f6relser mellan sibiriska och finsk-ugriska h\u00f6gre gudomar.<\/p><p>Den specifikt altaiska po\u00e4ngen \u00e4r den strikta uppdelningen i \u201evita\u201d och \u201esvarta\u201d shamaner med separata \u00e5kallelseadressater. Denna modell \u00e4r s\u00e4llsynt i sibirisk j\u00e4mf\u00f6relse och g\u00f6r \u00dclgen religionsfenomenologiskt s\u00e4rskilt intressant.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nutida mottagande och forskning<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>I det moderna altaiska kulturarbetet h\u00e5lls \u00dclgen \u00e5ter h\u00f6gt, han pryder frim\u00e4rken, folkfester och skolb\u00f6cker i Altai-republiken. Vetenskapligt klassiska framst\u00e4llningar: Anokhin (1924), L. P. Potapov (<em>Altaiskij schamanizm<\/em>, 1991), Mircea Eliade (1951), Vladimir Basilov (1984) och p\u00e5 senare tid Andrei Znamenski (2007).<\/p><p>Den finske religionsvetaren Juha Pentik\u00e4inen (<em>Shamanism and Culture<\/em>, 1998) placerar \u00dclgen i en bredare cirkumpol\u00e4r serie av ljusgudar.<\/p><p>I den altaiska nutiden befinner sig \u00dclgen-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Summan av religi\u00f6sa dyrkanshandlingar f\u00f6r en gudom eller helig gestalt.\" tabindex=\"0\">kulten<\/span> i en sp\u00e4nning: \u00e5 ena sidan positioneras han som \u201e\u00e4kta ursprunglig religion\u201d mot den ryska kristendomen, \u00e5 andra sidan \u00f6verlagras han sj\u00e4lv med New Age-element som inte har sin grund i den etnografiska traditionen. Andrei Znamenski har analyserat denna sp\u00e4nning utf\u00f6rligt i sin Oxford-volym.<\/p><p>En egen forskningsriktning \u00e4gnar sig \u00e5t de arkeologiska sp\u00e5ren av \u00fclgen-centrerade ritualer; M. P. Grjaznow och V. D. Kubarew har dokumenterat h\u00e4llbilder i Tuva och Altai som har tolkats som \u00dclgen-ryttare, utan att identifikationen \u00e4r s\u00e4kerst\u00e4lld.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forskningsdebatter och \u00f6ppna fr\u00e5gor<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tre forskningsdebatter pr\u00e4glar \u00dclgen-studien. F\u00f6r det f\u00f6rsta: \u00e4r \u00dclgen en avknoppning av Tengri eller ett sj\u00e4lvst\u00e4ndigt altaiskt lager? Anokhin och Potapov tenderade mot den f\u00f6rsta, Roux och Hamayon mot den andra tolkningen.<\/p><p>F\u00f6r det andra: hur kontinuerlig \u00e4r \u00dclgen-dyrkan fr\u00e5n den f\u00f6rislamiska tiden fram till 1800-\/1900-talet? Skriftliga k\u00e4llor saknas till stor del; den etnografiska <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00d6verf\u00f6ringen av kunskap och ber\u00e4ttelser mellan generationer.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00f6verleveringen<\/span> \u00e4r systematiskt dokumenterad f\u00f6rst sedan Radloff (1860-talet).<\/p><p>F\u00f6r det tredje: vilken andel har den ryska insamlingsverksamheten sj\u00e4lv i konsolideringen av \u00dclgen-bilden? Andrei Znamenski har h\u00e4r lagt fram en viktig sj\u00e4lvkritisk reflektion: mycket av det vi vet om \u00dclgen \u00e4r ocks\u00e5 en produkt av tsartida och sovjetisk etnografi, och inte enbart av det altaiska inifr\u00e5nperspektivet.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00dclgen i j\u00e4mf\u00f6relse med grannfolkens h\u00f6gre gudomar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>En systematisk j\u00e4mf\u00f6relse av \u00dclgen med andra sibiriska h\u00f6ggudomar \u00e4r religionsvetenskapligt givande. J\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med den tungusiska <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/buga-evenkernas-hogsta-gud\/\">Buga<\/a> \u00e4r \u00dclgen betydligt mer personlig och f\u00f6rsedd med en rikare mytologi; j\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med den jakutiska <em>\u00dcr\u00fcn Aar Tojon<\/em> \u00e4r han utformad som mer skapande och aktiv. J\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med den mongoliska <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/khormusta-hogste-himmelsgud\/\">Khormusta<\/a> saknas de iransk-buddhistiska skikten.<\/p><p>Dessa j\u00e4mf\u00f6relser visar att den sydsibiriska religionen inte \u00e4r ett homogent skikt, utan ett spektrum av olika profilerade h\u00f6gudom-gestalter, var och en med egen mytologi, ikonografi och ritualpraxis. Vladimir Basilov presenterade i <em>Shamanism in Siberia<\/em> (1984) den f\u00f6rsta systematiska j\u00e4mf\u00f6rande studien.<\/p><p>Religionsfenomenologiskt \u00e4r \u00dclgen s\u00e4rskilt intressant, eftersom han fyller luckan mellan den upph\u00f6jda Tengri och de konkreta specialgudomarna. Denna medlarroll g\u00f6r honom till en av Sibiriens \u201dmest levande\u201d h\u00f6ggudomar.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s10 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s10h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s10h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">K\u00e4llor och koppling till kulturhubben<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s10c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s10c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s10t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s10t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Den som vill studera \u00dclgen-komplexet i hela sin bredd hittar p\u00e5 \u00f6versiktssidan <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/sibirisk-schamanism-och-tengrism-stapp-och-tajga\/\">Sibirisk-tengristisk tradition<\/a> de viktigaste h\u00e4nvisningarna till besl\u00e4ktade gestalter som <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/tengri-himmelsgud-tengristerna\/\">Tengri<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/erlik-khan-underjordens-harskare\/\">Erlik Khan<\/a> och modersskyddsfiguren <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/umai-mor-och-barngudinna\/\">Umai<\/a>.<\/p><p>A. V. Anokhins <em>Material om <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Religi\u00f6st system d\u00e4r specialister f\u00f6rmedlar kontakt med andev\u00e4rlden.\" tabindex=\"0\">schamanismen<\/span> hos altaierna<\/em> (1924) \u00e4r den viktigaste prim\u00e4rk\u00e4llan och inneh\u00e5ller detaljerade beskrivningar av sex fullst\u00e4ndiga schamansessioner som han sj\u00e4lv dokumenterade. L. P. Potapovs <em>Altaiskij schamanizm<\/em> (1991) \u00e4r den viktigaste sovjetisk-ryska syntesen.<\/p><p>F\u00f6r den cirkumpolara inb\u00e4ddningen h\u00e4nvisas till Juha Pentik\u00e4inens <em>Shamanism and Culture<\/em> (1998), som placerar \u00dclgen i en bredare rad av ljusgudar fr\u00e5n Skandinavien till Sibirien.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s11 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s11\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s11h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s11h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ljusets religionsfenomenologi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s11c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s11c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s11t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s11t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00dclgen \u00e4r ett l\u00e4roboksexempel p\u00e5 den religionsfenomenologiska kategorin \u201dljusgud\u201d, som Wilhelm Schmidt utarbetade i sin h\u00f6gudsl\u00e4ra och senare Friedrich Heiler i <em>Erscheinungsformen und Wesen der Religion<\/em> (1961). K\u00e4nnetecknande \u00e4r f\u00f6rbindelsen mellan ljus, h\u00f6jd, skapelse och etisk ordning.<\/p><p>J\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med andra ljusgudar, till exempel den vediska Surya, den egyptiska Ra och den zoroastriska Hvar Khshaeta, saknas hos \u00dclgen den direkta identifikationen med solskivan; han \u00e4r snarare den \u201dlysande h\u00f6gguden\u201d bakom de astrala f\u00f6reteelserna. Detta g\u00f6r honom typologiskt n\u00e4rmare indoeuropeiska h\u00f6ggudomar som Varuna eller Tyr \u00e4n indo-iranska solgudar.<\/p><p>F\u00f6rbindelsen med v\u00e4rldstr\u00e4det \u00e4r ett k\u00e4rnmotiv som har pr\u00e4glat Eliades begrepp \u201dAxis Mundi\u201d p\u00e5 ett avg\u00f6rande s\u00e4tt. \u00c4ven om Eliades teori i dag ses kritiskt, f\u00f6rblir materialet fr\u00e5n \u00dclgen-komplexet ett av de mest \u00f6vertygande exemplen p\u00e5 vertikala kosmiska medieringsstrukturer.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s12 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s12h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s12h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Metodisk reflektion<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s12c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s12c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s12t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s12t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00dclgen-forskningen st\u00e4lls inf\u00f6r flera metodiska problem. F\u00f6r det f\u00f6rsta: den altaiska religionen dokumenterades under 1800-talet huvudsakligen av rysk-ortodoxa mission\u00e4rer och n\u00e5got senare av ryska etnografer. B\u00e5da grupperna hade tolkningsm\u00e4ssiga f\u00f6rutfattade meningar som f\u00f6rvr\u00e4nger den \u00f6verl\u00e4mnade bilden.<\/p><p>F\u00f6r det andra: Anokhins detaljerade sessionsprotokoll (1909) \u00e4r en framst\u00e5ende k\u00e4lla, men pr\u00e4glas av observat\u00f6rens egen n\u00e4rvaro. Den metodiska diskussionen om \u201ddeltagande observation\u201d inom religionsetnologin ber\u00f6r Anokhins material direkt.<\/p><p>F\u00f6r det tredje: den samtida re-tengriseringen i Altai-republiken konstruerar en konsoliderad \u00dclgen-bildtradition som inte existerade s\u00e5 sammanh\u00e5llen i det historiska materialet. Denna konstruktion \u00e4r religionssociologiskt intressant, men b\u00f6r inte f\u00f6rv\u00e4xlas med det historiska skiktet.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s13 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s13\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s13h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s13h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00dclgen och f\u00f6rest\u00e4llningen om v\u00e4rldstr\u00e4det<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s13c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s13c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s13t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s13t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>En central religionssymbolisk f\u00f6rest\u00e4llning i \u00dclgen-komplexet \u00e4r v\u00e4rldstr\u00e4det, <em>baj-terek<\/em>: en kosmisk l\u00e4rk eller bj\u00f6rk vars r\u00f6tter str\u00e4cker sig ner i underjorden och vars krona m\u00f6ter \u00dclgens tron. L\u00e4ngs denna axel genomf\u00f6r den vite <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Religi\u00f6s specialist som anses f\u00f6rmedla kontakt mellan m\u00e4nniskor och andev\u00e4rlden.\" tabindex=\"0\">schamanen<\/span> sin uppstigning.<\/p><p>Mircea Eliade gjorde detta <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ett \u00e5terkommande inneh\u00e5llselement i konst eller ber\u00e4ttande.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> till den centrala kategorin i sin <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Religi\u00f6st system d\u00e4r specialister f\u00f6rmedlar kontakt med andev\u00e4rlden.\" tabindex=\"0\">schamanism<\/span>-modell och utarbetade det systematiskt under begreppet \u201dAxis Mundi\u201d i <em>Le sacr\u00e9 et le profane<\/em> (1957) och <em>Le chamanisme<\/em> (1951). \u00c4ven om Eliades modell i dag ses kritiskt, f\u00f6rblir \u00dclgens v\u00e4rldstr\u00e4d ett av de mest \u00f6vertygande exemplen p\u00e5 den vertikala kosmiska medieringsstrukturen i en inhemsk religion.<\/p><p>Samtida altaiska konstn\u00e4rer tar upp f\u00f6rest\u00e4llningen om v\u00e4rldstr\u00e4det; den syns p\u00e5 m\u00e5nga v\u00e4ggm\u00e5lningar, souvenirer och i utst\u00e4llningar av folkkonst. Denna reception \u00e4r religionssociologiskt intressant, eftersom den omvandlar ett religi\u00f6st <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ett \u00e5terkommande inneh\u00e5llselement i konst eller ber\u00e4ttande.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> till ett kulturellt identitetsm\u00e4rke.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s14 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s14\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s14h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s14h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00dclgen speglad i samtida forskningsdebatter<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s14c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s14c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-s14t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-s14t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Den samtida \u00dclgen-forskningen befinner sig i flera produktiva sp\u00e4nningsf\u00e4lt. P\u00e5 den ena sidan finns den etablerade rysk-sovjetiska skolan (Potapov, Tokarev), som arbetar med sin empiriska materialrikedom; p\u00e5 den andra den v\u00e4sterl\u00e4ndska religionsfenomenologin (Eliade, Pentik\u00e4inen), som s\u00f6ker allm\u00e4nna religi\u00f6sa strukturer.<\/p><p>B\u00e5da skolorna kompletterar varandra utan att vara identiska. Roberte Hamayon gjorde denna sp\u00e4nning explicit i <em>La chasse \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e2me<\/em> (1990) och f\u00f6respr\u00e5kade en tredje, socioekonomiskt grundad tolkning.<\/p><p>Andrei Znamenski har i sina verk sedan 2003 systematiskt bearbetat de metodiska problemen inom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Religi\u00f6st system d\u00e4r specialister f\u00f6rmedlar kontakt med andev\u00e4rlden.\" tabindex=\"0\">schamanism<\/span>forskningen: hur mycket av forskningsbilden \u00e4r en effekt av forskningen sj\u00e4lv? Denna reflexiva v\u00e4ndning pr\u00e4glar i dag \u00e4ven \u00dclgen-forskningen. F\u00f6r unga religionsvetare \u00e4r detta ett l\u00e4rorikt exempel.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2bb9b29e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2bb9b29e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26f84b97 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp26f84b97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00dclgen i altaiturkarnas religion: k\u00e4llor och uppteckningsm\u00e4n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp237ddc15 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp237ddc15\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp28067a54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp28067a54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En varelse som dyrkas som gudomlig inom en religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">Gudomen<\/span> \u00dclgen, i stavning \u00e4ven <em>\u00dclg\u00e4n<\/em> eller <em>Bai \u00dclgen<\/em>, \u00e4r framf\u00f6r allt k\u00e4nd fr\u00e5n religionen hos de turkspr\u00e5kiga folken i Altajbergen. De viktigaste beskrivningarna har vi tack vare etnografin fr\u00e5n 1800-talet och det tidiga 1900-talet.<\/p><p>S\u00e4rskild betydelse har arbetena av forskaren Wilhelm Radloff samt av mission\u00e4ren och spr\u00e5kforskaren Wassili Werbizki, som var verksamma bland altajerna p\u00e5 1800-talet och samlade texter, b\u00f6ner och beskrivningar av rituell praxis.<\/p><p>I dessa k\u00e4llor framtr\u00e4der \u00dclgen som en h\u00f6g, v\u00e4lvillig himmelsgud som residerar i ett av de \u00f6vre himmelslagren. I m\u00e5nga traditioner st\u00e4lls Erlik, underjordens herre, mot honom. \u00dclgen f\u00f6rknippas med skapelse, fruktbarhet, boskap och m\u00e4nniskornas v\u00e4lf\u00e4rd.<\/p><p>Till skillnad fr\u00e5n en avl\u00e4gsen, overksam himmelsgud var \u00dclgen mottagare av konkreta ritualer. Djuroffer, s\u00e4rskilt h\u00e4star, \u00e4gnades honom, och den schamanska specialisten tr\u00e4dde i kontakt med honom genom rituella s\u00e5nger.<\/p><p>Vid anv\u00e4ndningen av dessa k\u00e4llor b\u00f6r man beakta att Werbizki var mission\u00e4r och betraktade den altajiska religionen ur ett kristet perspektiv, medan Radloff var mer intresserad av spr\u00e5k- och folklivsforskning. B\u00e5da dokumenterade dessutom en religion som redan p\u00e5verkats av kontakt med buddhismen, kristendomen och rysk \u00f6verh\u00f6ghet.<\/p><p>Vissa forskare har till och med anat ett m\u00f6jligt iransk-zoroastriskt eller kristet inflytande i den dualistiska mots\u00e4ttningen mellan \u00dclgen och Erlik. Denna fr\u00e5ga \u00e4r inte slutgiltigt klarlagd, men den manar till att inte betrakta den \u00f6verl\u00e4mnade bilden av \u00dclgen som opr\u00f6vat urgammal och op\u00e5verkad. Besl\u00e4ktade himmelsgudomar finns \u00e4ven hos n\u00e4rliggande <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/sibirisk-schamanism-och-tengrism-stapp-och-tajga\/\">inreasiatiska kulturer<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp299b431d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp299b431d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp206c9790 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp206c9790\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Den schamanska himmelsresan till \u00dclgen: en ritualtext i detalj<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp262fe7ef e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp262fe7ef\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp213fcfa0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp213fcfa0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Till de mest gripande vittnesm\u00e5len om den altajiska religionen h\u00f6r beskrivningen av en rituell himmelsresa till \u00dclgen, s\u00e5dan den bland annat \u00f6verl\u00e4mnats av Wilhelm Radloff och senare behandlats utf\u00f6rligt av religionshistorikern Mircea Eliade i sin unders\u00f6kning av <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Religi\u00f6st system d\u00e4r specialister umg\u00e5s med andev\u00e4rlden.\" tabindex=\"0\">schamanismen<\/span>. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En reglerad f\u00f6ljd av symboliska handlingar med religi\u00f6s eller kulturell betydelse.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ritualen<\/span> tj\u00e4nade till att bringa ett h\u00e4stoffer \u00e5t \u00dclgen och skulle s\u00e4kerst\u00e4lla hans v\u00e4lvilja gentemot gemenskapen.<\/p><p>F\u00f6rloppet, som det skildras i k\u00e4llorna, \u00e4r flerstegat. Efter f\u00f6rberedelser, som innefattade urval och rituell behandling av offerdjuret, kl\u00e4ttrade den schamanska specialisten symboliskt upp p\u00e5 en rad hack skurna i en bj\u00f6rk, som f\u00f6rest\u00e4llde de p\u00e5 varandra f\u00f6ljande himmelslagren.<\/p><p>I rituella s\u00e5nger skildrade han uppstigningen fr\u00e5n lager till lager, m\u00f6tte olika varelser p\u00e5 v\u00e4gen och n\u00e4rmade sig slutligen \u00dclgens s\u00e4te. Vid denna punkt framf\u00f6rde han gemenskapens \u00f6nskem\u00e5l och f\u00f6rs\u00f6kte utifr\u00e5n svaren f\u00e5 kunskap om framtiden, till exempel om den kommande sk\u00f6rden eller hjordarnas tillv\u00e4xt.<\/p><p>Vid bed\u00f6mningen av denna skildring \u00e4r \u00e5terh\u00e5llsamhet l\u00e4mplig. Texten som Radloff nedtecknade \u00e4r en konkret framf\u00f6rande bundet till en best\u00e4md plats och tid, inte ett tidl\u00f6st manus. Eliade generaliserade den till ett m\u00f6nsterexempel p\u00e5 den schamanska himmelsresan, men senare forskning har kritiserat hans tendens till f\u00f6renkling.<\/p><p>Man kan konstatera att \u00dclgen i den altajiska praktiken inte enbart var en teologisk f\u00f6rest\u00e4llning, utan m\u00e5l f\u00f6r en omfattande rituell handling, i vilken himlens skiktning och specialistens uppstigning konkret sattes i scen.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp25359e9f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp25359e9f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp239a60e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp239a60e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00dclgen och Erlik: den dualistiska ordningen och dess tolkningar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c94b71a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2c94b71a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp27d463c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp27d463c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>K\u00e4nnetecknande f\u00f6r den \u00f6verl\u00e4mnade bilden av \u00dclgen \u00e4r hans n\u00e4ra koppling till motfiguren <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/sibirisk-schamanism-och-tengrism-stapp-och-tajga\/\">Erlik<\/a>. I m\u00e5nga altajiska ber\u00e4ttelser framtr\u00e4der de tv\u00e5 som ett kompletterande par: \u00dclgen uppe i himlen, f\u00f6rknippad med ljus, skapelse och liv, Erlik nere, f\u00f6rknippad med underjorden, sjukdom och d\u00f6d.<\/p><p>Vissa skapelseber\u00e4ttelser l\u00e5ter b\u00e5da medverka i skapandet av v\u00e4rlden, varvid Erliks bidrag ofta f\u00f6r in det ofullkomliga eller skadliga i v\u00e4rlden.<\/p><p>Denna dualistiska ordning har sysselsatt forskningen intensivt. En fr\u00e5ga \u00e4r om den utpr\u00e4glade dualismen \u00e4r ett ursprungligt k\u00e4nnetecken f\u00f6r den altajiska religionen eller om den f\u00f6rst\u00e4rkts genom kontakter med dualistiska religionssystem, till exempel zoroastriska f\u00f6rest\u00e4llningar via de inreasiatiska handelsv\u00e4garna eller kristna f\u00f6rest\u00e4llningar om Gud och dj\u00e4vulen genom den ryska missionen.<\/p><p>Ett entydigt svar \u00e4r inte m\u00f6jligt, eftersom k\u00e4llorna f\u00f6rst h\u00e4rstammar fr\u00e5n en tid d\u00e5 s\u00e5dana kontakter redan l\u00e4nge funnits.<\/p><p>Viktigt \u00e4r ocks\u00e5 att mots\u00e4ttningen mellan \u00dclgen och Erlik inte b\u00f6r missf\u00f6rst\u00e5s som en enkel kamp mellan gott och ont. I m\u00e5nga ber\u00e4ttelser \u00e4r Erlik ingen ren motst\u00e5ndare, utan en n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndig del av v\u00e4rldsordningen, som man var tvungen att komma till r\u00e4tta med precis som med \u00dclgen.<\/p><p>Schamanska specialister umgicks b\u00e5de med den \u00f6vre och den undre v\u00e4rlden. F\u00f6rh\u00e5llandet mellan de tv\u00e5 makterna b\u00f6r d\u00e4rf\u00f6r snarare beskrivas som en sp\u00e4nningsfylld komplementaritet \u00e4n som en moralisk dualism. F\u00f6r f\u00f6rst\u00e5elsen av \u00dclgen f\u00f6ljer av detta att hans betydelse f\u00f6rst fullt ut framtr\u00e4der i f\u00f6rh\u00e5llande till Erlik: han \u00e4r den himmelska polen i en tv\u00e5polig v\u00e4rldstolkning.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Litteratur (urval)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>A. V. Anokhin: <em>Material till <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Religi\u00f6st system d\u00e4r specialister kommunicerar med andev\u00e4rlden.\" tabindex=\"0\">schamanismen<\/span> hos altaiborna<\/em> (1924)<\/li><li>L. P. Potapov: <em>Altaiskij schamanizm<\/em> (1991)<\/li><li>Mircea Eliade: <em>Le chamanisme<\/em> (1951)<\/li><li>Vladimir Basilov: <em>Shamanism in Siberia<\/em> (1984)<\/li><li>Juha Pentik\u00e4inen: <em>Shamanism and Culture<\/em> (1998)<\/li><li>Andrei Znamenski: <em>Shamanism and Western Imagination<\/em> (2007)<\/li><li>Roberte Hamayon: <em>La chasse \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e2me<\/em> (1990)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw-add-uelgen e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw-add-uelgen\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw-add-uelgen-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw-add-uelgen-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Den altaiska ljusguden \u00e5terges i k\u00e4llorna med tv\u00e5 vanliga translittereringar: <strong>\u00dclgen<\/strong> i den turkologiska standardformen och <strong>Uelgen<\/strong> i tyskspr\u00e5kiga texter utan specialtecken.<\/p><p>B\u00e5da stavningarna avser samma gestalt, som i Wilhelm Radloffs anteckningar och senare sibirisk religionsforskning framtr\u00e4der som skapare av den \u00f6vre v\u00e4rlden och motpol till den underjordiske Erlik. Dubbelstavningen underl\u00e4ttar s\u00f6kning i \u00e4ldre bibliografier och i digitala kataloger, d\u00e4r omljud hanteras olika.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-uelgen e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-uelgen\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-uelgen-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-uelgen-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Den <em>altaiska<\/em> skapelsemyten framst\u00e4ller \u00dclgen som himlens ljusa herre \u00f6ver den \u00f6vre v\u00e4rlden, vars motst\u00e5ndare Erlik styr underjorden; Wilhelm Radloffs etnografiska anteckningar fr\u00e5n artonhundratalet dokumenterar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Samtliga gudar inom en religion eller kultur.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonet<\/span> utf\u00f6rligt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Relaterade nyckelbegrepp: \u00dclgen Aq Kam vita shamaner nio himlar altaisk skapelse.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-uelgen\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard och skyddstraditioner<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard ansluter till den kulturhistoriska traditionen av b\u00e4rbara skyddsobjekt, i traditionen fr\u00e5n <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/sibirisk-schamanism-och-tengrism-stapp-och-tajga\/\">Sibirien \/ tengrismen<\/a> och m\u00e5nga andra kulturer v\u00e4rlden \u00f6ver. 41 niv\u00e5er, \u00e4kta guld, platina, silver, tillverkad i Tyskland. 30 dagars returr\u00e4tt.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mer om iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mer om iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Personliga erfarenheter kan variera. Ingen medicinteknisk produkt. Inget l\u00f6fte om l\u00e4kning.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uelgen-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-uelgen-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard \u00e4r <strong>ingen medicinteknisk produkt<\/strong> och ers\u00e4tter inte l\u00e4karv\u00e5rd eller psykoterapeutisk behandling. De religionsvetenskapliga inneh\u00e5llen \u00e4r kulturhistorisk inordning, ingen andlig praxisrekommendation.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2858,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"\u00dclgen ljusgud Altai","_yoast_wpseo_title":"\u00dclgen \u2013 altaisk ljusgud, skapelse och k\u00e4llor","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"\u00dclgen \u00e4r i sydsibirisk tengrism skaparen och ljusguden av den \u00f6vre v\u00e4rlden. Genomg\u00e5ng med myt och kult.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"1","wesen_kultur":"sibirisch-tengrismus","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-136885","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u00dclgen \u2013 altaisk ljusgud, skapelse och k\u00e4llor<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00dclgen \u00e4r i sydsibirisk tengrism skaparen och ljusguden av den \u00f6vre v\u00e4rlden. 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