{"id":136678,"date":"2026-09-03T00:09:04","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T00:09:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=136678"},"modified":"2026-09-03T01:09:00","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T01:09:00","slug":"jadekejsaren","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/jadekejsaren\/","title":{"rendered":"Jadekejsaren"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"136678\" class=\"elementor elementor-136678 elementor-2014 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yuhuang, gud i den kinesiska traditionen<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yuhuang \u00e4r en gud i den kinesiska traditionen.<\/p><p><strong>Jadekejsaren, himlens och jordens herre, kosmisk f\u00f6rvaltare.<\/strong><\/p><p>Inom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Kinesisk religionsfilosofisk tradition som utg\u00e5r fr\u00e5n Dao, v\u00e4gen.\" tabindex=\"0\">daoismen<\/span> \u00e4r Yuhuang Shangdi jadekejsaren och den h\u00f6gsta <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En som gudomlig v\u00f6rdad varelse inom en religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">gudomen<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Gud \/ gudinna: Personifierad h\u00f6gsta makt i en kulturs pantheon, med tydliga ansvarsomr\u00e5den, naturkrafter, \u00f6de, krig, fruktbarhet. V\u00f6rdad genom kulter, offer och tempelinstitutioner.\">Gud<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/kina\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Kinesisk gud-, ande- och folkreligion, daoistisk, buddhistisk, konfuciansk.\">Kina<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/hoggudomar\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Ett pantheons h\u00f6gsta gudar, kosmisk suver\u00e4nitet, skapar- eller h\u00e4rskaraspekt.\">H\u00f6gsta gudom<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_jade-kaiser-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-136247\" alt=\"Jadekejsaren \u2013 gudar fr\u00e5n den kinesiska traditionen, historiskt-illustrativt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_jade-kaiser-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_jade-kaiser-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_jade-kaiser-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_jade-kaiser.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yuhuang<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kortprofil: Yuhuang<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> Kinesisk huvudgudom, himlens h\u00f6gsta h\u00e4rskare (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Kinesisk religi\u00f6s-filosofisk tradition som riktar sig efter Dao, v\u00e4gen.\" tabindex=\"0\">daoism<\/span>, folkreligion)<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Samlingen av gudarna i en religion eller kultur.\" tabindex=\"0\">Panteon<\/span>: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Kinesisk religi\u00f6s-filosofisk tradition som riktar sig efter Dao, v\u00e4gen.\" tabindex=\"0\">daoism<\/span>, kinesisk folkreligion<br>Funktion: Himlens h\u00f6gste h\u00e4rskare, den himmelska hovens h\u00f6gsta \u00e4mbetsman, \u00f6dets f\u00f6rvaltare<br>Huvudattribut: Mian-krona med p\u00e4rlsn\u00f6ren av jade, gul drakrock, jadespira<br>Huvudsakliga kultplatser: i varje kinesiskt <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Kinesisk religi\u00f6s-filosofisk tradition som riktar sig efter Dao, v\u00e4gen.\" tabindex=\"0\">daoistiskt<\/span>&#8211;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En byggnad som anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r dyrkan av en eller flera gudomar.\" tabindex=\"0\">tempel<\/span>, Yuhuang Ge i Pingyao, Himlens <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En byggnad som anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r dyrkan av en eller flera gudomar.\" tabindex=\"0\">tempel<\/span> i Peking<br>Synonym: Jadekejsaren (se egen sida jade-kaiser)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Historisk inordning<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Texternas tidsperiod<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yuhuang (kin. <em>Y\u00f9 Hu\u00e1ng D\u00e0d\u00ec<\/em>, &#8221;jadekejsare-storh\u00e4rskaren&#8221;) utvecklas under Tang-dynastin (7\u201310:e \u00e5rh. e.Kr.) och f\u00e5r sin kanoniska status under kejsar Zhenzong av Song-dynastin (tidigt 11:e \u00e5rh.). <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Samtliga religi\u00f6sa v\u00f6rdnadshandlingar f\u00f6r en gudom eller helig gestalt.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kulten<\/span> kring Yuhuang \u00e4r en teologisk konsolidering av den kinesiska panteonen: alla andra gudomar \u00e4r underst\u00e4llda honom som himmelska tj\u00e4nstem\u00e4n.<\/p><p>Yuhuang-v\u00f6rdnadens huvudblomstringstid: Song- till Qing-dynastin. Fortfarande central idag i varje <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Kinesisk religionsfilosofisk tradition som utg\u00e5r fr\u00e5n Dao, v\u00e4gen.\" tabindex=\"0\">daoism<\/span>&#8211;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En byggnad som tj\u00e4nar v\u00f6rdnaden av en eller flera gudomar.\" tabindex=\"0\">tempel<\/span> och i den kinesiska folkreligionen; hans f\u00f6delsedagsfest p\u00e5 nionde dagen av det kinesiska ny\u00e5ret \u00e4r en av de st\u00f6rsta daoistiska h\u00f6gtiderna.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Utbredningsomr\u00e5de<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Huvudsakliga kultplatser: Daoistiskt n\u00e4rvarande i varje st\u00f6rre <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En byggnad som anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r dyrkan av en eller flera gudomar.\" tabindex=\"0\">tempel<\/span>. S\u00e4rskilda helgedomar: <strong>Yuhuang Ge<\/strong> i Pingyao (Shanxi), <strong>Yuhuang Miao<\/strong> p\u00e5 berget Tai (ett av Kinas fem heliga berg), Yuhuang-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En byggnad som anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r dyrkan av en eller flera gudomar.\" tabindex=\"0\">templet<\/span> i Peking, Shanghai, Hongkong, Singapore.<\/p><p>I det kejserliga Kina var <strong>Himlens <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En byggnad som anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r dyrkan av en eller flera gudomar.\" tabindex=\"0\">tempel<\/span><\/strong> i Peking (uppf\u00f6rt 1420) den h\u00f6gsta <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Summan av religi\u00f6sa dyrkanshandlingar f\u00f6r en gudom eller helig gestalt.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span>-platsen, endast kejsaren fick offra d\u00e4r till den h\u00f6gsta himlen. Internationellt finns kulten i varje kinesisk diasporagemenskap med ett daoistiskt <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En byggnad som anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r dyrkan av en eller flera gudomar.\" tabindex=\"0\">tempel<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">K\u00e4ll\u00e4ge<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Centrala k\u00e4llor: <em>Y\u00f9 Hu\u00e1ng B\u011bny\u00ec J\u012bng<\/em> (jadekejsarens <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Inom hinduismen och buddhismen en l\u00e4rotext i kort form.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span>, kanonisk text), Daozang-samlingen (daoistisk <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den samling av heliga skrifter inom en religion som erk\u00e4nns som normerande.\" tabindex=\"0\">kanon<\/span>), kejserliga edikt fr\u00e5n Song-dynastin. Sekund\u00e4rlitteratur: Werner, <em>Myths and Legends of China<\/em>; Kohn, <em>Daoism Handbook<\/em>; Schipper, <em>The Taoist Body<\/em>; Bokenkamp, <em>Early Daoist Scriptures<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Beteckning och stavningar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yuhuang Shangdi avbildas som en v\u00e4rdig, medel\u00e5lders till \u00e4ldre man, kl\u00e4dd i kejserliga r\u00f6da eller guldf\u00e4rgade sidenrobar, med p\u00e4rlkrona och spira. Hans ansikte \u00e4r r\u00e4ttskaffens, inte vredgat, men auktoritativt. Han sitter p\u00e5 en tron i sitt himmelska kontor, omgiven av skriftrullar och f\u00f6rvaltningsinstrument, inte vapen eller konstverk, utan bokf\u00f6ringsliknande dokument om karma och \u00f6de.<\/p><p>Jade<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ett tecken som representerar en f\u00f6rest\u00e4llning eller betydelse.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbolen<\/span> syftar p\u00e5 metafysisk kvalitet: jade \u00e4r i Kina en <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ett tecken som representerar en f\u00f6rest\u00e4llning eller betydelse.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> f\u00f6r liv, renhet och obrytbarhet. Symboler \u00e4r den kejserliga draken, perserm\u00f6nstret och himmelska insignier. Konstn\u00e4rligt visas han ofta med ett regeringsf\u00f6ljde, underordnade gudar, sekreterare, skrivare.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u00e4sensdrag<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yuhuang Shangdi styr \u00f6ver alla gudomligheter, andar och f\u00f6rvaltningshimlar. Under honom finns specialiserade gudar: fuktighetens gud, skogens gud, byarnas gudar. Den jordiske kejsaren styr genom sitt uppdrag (<em>Tianming<\/em>). M\u00e4nniskor kan be till Jadekejsaren om att f\u00f6r\u00e4ndra sitt \u00f6de, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tilltal av lycka och skydd, ofta i fast spr\u00e5klig form.\" tabindex=\"0\">v\u00e4lsignelse<\/span> f\u00f6r sk\u00f6rdar eller familjen. Till skillnad fr\u00e5n andra gudar sker detta formellt, utan innerlig n\u00e4rhet.<\/p><p>Jadekejsarens f\u00f6delsefestival p\u00e5 \u00e5ttonde dagen i den f\u00f6rsta m\u00e5nm\u00e5naden \u00e4r en av Kinas st\u00f6rsta folkfester: fyrverkerier, processioner, altare med r\u00f6tt papperspengar. Jadekejsaren bem\u00f6ts med respekt, ungef\u00e4r som man \u00e4r \u00f6dmjuk inf\u00f6r en jordisk kejsare. Hans beslut \u00e4r de mest centrala f\u00f6r m\u00e4nniskans liv: n\u00e4r man \u00e5terf\u00f6das, med vilket karma, under vilken konstellation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Yuhuang<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>De viktigaste aspekterna av Yuhuang i korthet. F\u00f6ljande f\u00e4lt sammanfattar ursprung, funktion, framtr\u00e4dande, v\u00f6rdnad, symboler och kulturella paralleller.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ursprung<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yuhuang uppst\u00e5r under Tang-dynastin som en teologisk konsolidering av den kinesiska pantheonen. Enligt den mytologiska traditionen \u00e4r han son till rikets skyddsande och Bao Yue Guang Wang Mu (skapelsemodern); han inkarnerade sig under en tidig dynasti som prins Y\u00f9, avstod fr\u00e5n sitt kungarike f\u00f6r att bli asket och uppn\u00e5dde efter miljoner \u00e5r av meditation den h\u00f6gsta himmelska statusen.<\/p><p>Gem\u00e5l: Wang Mu Niang Niang (V\u00e4sterns drottningmoder). Far till Yang Jian och m\u00e5nga andra halvgudar.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Avser<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>H\u00f6gsta himmelska h\u00e4rskare och \u00f6verste f\u00f6rvaltare av det kosmiska \u00e4mbetsapparaten. Alla gudar och demoner st\u00e5r under honom. Han tills\u00e4tter och avs\u00e4tter gudomliga \u00e4mbeten, kallar till samlingar och \u00f6vervakar m\u00e4nniskov\u00e4rlden genom sina \u00e4mbetsm\u00e4n. I folkreligionen \u00e4r han mottagare av b\u00f6neskrifter av alla slag, men vanligtvis genom lokala l\u00e4gre gudar (t.ex. stadsguden, jordguden) som f\u00f6rmedlare. Han \u00e5kallas personligen endast i de st\u00f6rsta n\u00f6dsituationerna.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Form<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yuhuang framst\u00e4lls som en kejserlig hovh\u00e4rskare i forntida kinesisk dr\u00e4kt: <em>mian-krona<\/em> (h\u00f6g rektangul\u00e4r krona med nedh\u00e4ngande jadep\u00e4rlesn\u00f6ren), gul eller guldgul <em>drakrock<\/em> (kejserlig <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ett tecken som representerar en f\u00f6rest\u00e4llning eller betydelse.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span>), <em>jadespira<\/em> (gui), sk\u00e4gg och milt-strikta anletsdrag. Han tronar p\u00e5 en praktfull drakstron i den h\u00f6gsta himlens sal, omgiven av \u00e4mbetsgudar. I bildliga <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En byggnad som anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r dyrkan av en eller flera gudomligheter.\" tabindex=\"0\">tempel<\/span>framst\u00e4llningar avbildas han ofta monumentalt i den centrala cellan.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verkningsomr\u00e5de<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Verkningsomr\u00e5de:<\/strong> Yuhuang v\u00f6rdas i varje kinesiskt <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Kinesisk religi\u00f6s-filosofisk tradition som utg\u00e5r fr\u00e5n Dao, v\u00e4gen.\" tabindex=\"0\">daoistiskt<\/span>&#8211;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En byggnad som anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r dyrkan av en eller flera gudomligheter.\" tabindex=\"0\">tempel<\/span>. Hans f\u00f6delsedag p\u00e5 den 9:e dagen av det kinesiska ny\u00e5ret (mitten till slutet av januari\/februari) \u00e4r en av de st\u00f6rsta daoistiska h\u00f6gtiderna, med dramatiska b\u00f6neprocessioner och offerg\u00e5vor.<\/p><p>I den personliga hemkulten \u00e4r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Det b\u00f6nfallande eller besv\u00e4rjande tilltalet av en gudomlighet eller makt.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e5kallan<\/span> vid ny\u00e5r och p\u00e5 hans f\u00f6delsedag typisk. Kungar i den traditionella kinesiska v\u00e4rlden (\u00e4ven i Korea och Vietnam) betraktade sig som hans st\u00e4llf\u00f6retr\u00e4dare p\u00e5 jorden, en <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den vetenskapliga l\u00e4ran om Gud och en religions tro.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologi<\/span> som politiskt uttrycktes i himlens mandat (<em>Tianming<\/em>).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Skyddsmedel<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mian-krona med jadep\u00e4rlesn\u00f6ren, gul drakrock, jadespira (gui), drakstron, sk\u00e4gg, kejserliga insignier. Heliga djur: draken (s\u00e4rskilt den gula draken), fenixen. Heliga v\u00e4xter: persikan (od\u00f6dlighetspersikan som tillh\u00f6r hans gem\u00e5l), pionen. Heligt tal: 9 (det kejserliga talet).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Besl\u00e4ktade v\u00e4sen<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Jadekejsaren<\/em> (kin. egen sida), <em>Tian \/ Shangdi<\/em> (tidigare kinesiskt h\u00f6gguds-koncept), <em>Brahman<\/em> (hinduismen, det h\u00f6gsta varat), <em>Anu<\/em> (Mesopotamien, himmelsguden), <em>Ouranos<\/em> (Grekland, urhimlen), <em>Tian-Hou<\/em> (Mazu, \u201dhimmelsdrottningen\u201d), <em>Mahabrahma<\/em> (buddhismen, den h\u00f6gsta v\u00e4rlds\u00e4mbetsmannen). Funktionellt delar varje h\u00f6ggud som leder en kosmisk \u00e4mbetshierarki drag med Yuhuang. Den kejserliga <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den vetenskapliga l\u00e4ran om Gud och en religions tro.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologin<\/span> g\u00f6r Yuhuang unik, han \u00e4r en himmelsk spegling av det kinesiska kejsarsystemet.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Avv\u00e4rjning i vardagen<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Riter f\u00f6r avv\u00e4rjning<\/strong><\/p><p>I den kinesiska folkreligionen betraktas Jadekejsaren som den himmelska ordningens h\u00f6gsta garant, ingen gestalt som beh\u00f6ver avv\u00e4rjas. Umg\u00e4nget med honom f\u00f6ljer d\u00e4rf\u00f6r v\u00f6rdnadens logik: p\u00e5 den 9:e dagen i den f\u00f6rsta m\u00e5nm\u00e5naden firar tempel och hush\u00e5ll hans f\u00f6delsedag med r\u00f6kelse, offerg\u00e5vor och b\u00f6ner. Den som respekterar hans auktoritet s\u00f6ker samtidigt skydd mot l\u00e4gre andar som st\u00e5r under hans himmelska f\u00f6rvaltning.<\/p><p><strong>Besv\u00e4rjelser<\/strong><\/p><p>I vardagen m\u00f6ter man Jadekejsaren fr\u00e4mst via hemaltare och tempelbes\u00f6k, d\u00e4r r\u00f6kelsepinnar t\u00e4nds och frukt eller te offras. I delar av Sydkina och i den hokkiensiska traditionen i Taiwan och Sydostasien r\u00e4knas hans f\u00f6delsedagsfest, Bai Tian Gong, som en av de viktigaste dagarna i det rituella \u00e5ret. S\u00e5dana riter tj\u00e4nar mindre till att avv\u00e4rja guden sj\u00e4lv \u00e4n till att v\u00e5rda ett ordnat f\u00f6rh\u00e5llande till himlen.<\/p><p><strong>Amuletter och skyddssymboler<\/strong><\/p><p>Enligt den daoistiska f\u00f6rest\u00e4llningen leder Jadekejsaren en himmelsk byr\u00e5krati som registrerar m\u00e4nniskornas \u00f6den och h\u00e5ller andev\u00e4sen i schack. Den folkreligi\u00f6sa praktiken syftar d\u00e4rf\u00f6r till att genom korrekt uppf\u00f6rande och offer bli v\u00e4l noterad i denna f\u00f6rvaltning. K\u00e4nd \u00e4r seden kring spisguden Zaojun, som f\u00f6re ny\u00e5ret rapporterar om varje hush\u00e5ll till Jadekejsaren och d\u00e4rf\u00f6r blidkas med s\u00f6ta g\u00e5vor.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yuhuang, paralleller i andra kulturer<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yuhuang Shangdi liknar den v\u00e4sterl\u00e4ndska Gud (kosmisk f\u00f6rvaltningsauktoritet), den ptolemaiska kosmosordnande Zeus och den indiske Brahma (skapare-administrat\u00f6r, dock inte den h\u00f6gste). Till skillnad fr\u00e5n Gud eller Brahma st\u00e5r Yuhuang dock under Sanqing; han \u00e4r ingen absolut yttersta instans.<\/p><p>Med den japanska Amaterasu delar Yuhuang den kejserliga legitimeringsrollen och centraliteten. Med den romerske Jupiter delar han himlaherrav\u00e4ldet. Unikt \u00e4r den administrativa karakt\u00e4ren: han \u00e4r framf\u00f6r allt gud \u00f6ver den kosmiska byr\u00e5kratin, mindre gud \u00f6ver \u00e5ska eller k\u00e4rlek. Detta \u00e4r typiskt daoistiskt: andlighet genom ordning, inte <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Religi\u00f6s str\u00f6mning med tyngdpunkt p\u00e5 omedelbar guderfarenhet.\" tabindex=\"0\">mystik<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5c25837 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp5c25837\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp642e179 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp642e179\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Upph\u00f6jelsen till Jadekejsare: en sen karri\u00e4r i pantheon<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa7175be e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpa7175be\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp33693d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp33693d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jadekejsaren (<em>Yuhuang Dadi<\/em>, &#8222;Den upph\u00f6jde Jadekejsaren&#8220;) h\u00f6r, trots sin nuvarande framst\u00e5ende st\u00e4llning, till de j\u00e4mf\u00f6relsevis unga gestalterna i den kinesiska gudav\u00e4rlden.<\/p><p>I de klassiska texterna fr\u00e5n Han-tiden saknas han \u00e4nnu; det \u00e4ldre lagret av daoistiska h\u00f6ggudar utg\u00f6rs av gestalter som <em>Yuanshi Tianzun<\/em> (&#8222;Den himmelska v\u00f6rdade av urb\u00f6rjan&#8220;) och treenigheten <em>Sanqing<\/em>. Jadekejsaren tr\u00e4der tydligt fram f\u00f6rst under Tang-tiden och framf\u00f6r allt under Song-tiden.<\/p><p>Avg\u00f6rande var kejserligt gynnande. Kejsar Zhenzong av Song-dynastin sk\u00e4nkte Jadekejsaren officiella titlar 1012 och \u00e5terigen 1015, och band honom d\u00e4rmed till den statliga <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Helheten av de religi\u00f6sa v\u00f6rdnadshandlingar som \u00e4gnas en gudom eller helig gestalt.\" tabindex=\"0\">kulten<\/span>. Kejsar Huizong fortsatte denna politik.<\/p><p>Forskningen ser h\u00e4ri en process d\u00e4r det jordiska kejsarhovet skapade en himmelsk spegelbild av sin egen ordning: Jadekejsaren styr kosmos p\u00e5 samma s\u00e4tt som himlens son ska styra riket, med \u00e4mbetsapparat, audienser och inlagor.<\/p><p>Denna sammansm\u00e4ltning av folkreligion, daoistisk <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den vetenskapliga l\u00e4ran om Gud och om en religions tro.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologi<\/span> och statskult f\u00f6rklarar gestaltens dubbelnatur. F\u00f6r de daoistiska skolorna f\u00f6rblev Jadekejsaren underordnad den h\u00f6gsta <em>Sanqing<\/em>, en visserligen upph\u00f6jd men inte urb\u00f6rjande gud.<\/p><p>I <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den vardagligt levda religiositeten, ofta vid sidan av den officiella l\u00e4ran.\" tabindex=\"0\">folktron<\/span> d\u00e4remot blev han den egentliga h\u00e4rskaren \u00f6ver himmel, jord och underjord, den som alla andra gudomar \u00e4r skyldiga att avl\u00e4gga r\u00e4kenskap till. Denna sp\u00e4nning mellan l\u00e4rd och folklig inordning forts\u00e4tter \u00e4nda in i v\u00e5r tid och \u00e4r en anledning till att beskrivningarna av hans st\u00e4llning skiljer sig avsev\u00e4rt beroende p\u00e5 k\u00e4lla.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp43a3714 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp43a3714\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd85b912 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpd85b912\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Den himmelska \u00e4mbetsstaten: kosmologi och f\u00f6rvaltningsmodell<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3056a25 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp3056a25\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp95b9f42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp95b9f42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>F\u00f6rest\u00e4llningsv\u00e4rlden kring Jadekejsaren \u00e4r genomsyrad av det kinesiska kejsarrikets byr\u00e5kratiska ordning. Himlen framst\u00e5r som en f\u00f6rvaltning med ministerier, register och karri\u00e4rv\u00e4gar, inte som en abstrakt plats. Jadekejsaren tronar i toppen, omgiven av hov\u00e4mbetsm\u00e4n, och tar vid fastst\u00e4llda tidpunkter emot rapporter fr\u00e5n underordnade gudomar.<\/p><p>S\u00e4rskilt n\u00e4ra \u00e4r f\u00f6rbindelsen med <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/kokgud-zao-jun-husgud-harden-kina\/\">k\u00f6ksguden<\/a> (<em>Zaojun<\/em>), som residerar i varje hush\u00e5ll och en g\u00e5ng om \u00e5ret, kort f\u00f6re ny\u00e5rsfesten, stiger upp till Jadekejsaren f\u00f6r att rapportera om familjens uppf\u00f6rande.<\/p><p>\u00c4ven stadsguden (<em>Chenghuang<\/em>) och jordgudomarna (<em>Tudigong<\/em>) \u00e4r inbundna i denna hierarki: de fungerar som lokala \u00e4mbetsm\u00e4n som rapporterar upp\u00e5t och tar emot direktiv fr\u00e5n ovan.<\/p><p>M\u00e4nniskornas livsl\u00e4ngd och \u00f6de f\u00f6rs i himmelska register. Gudomar som den Sydliga och den Nordliga Stj\u00e4rnherren f\u00f6rvaltar f\u00f6delse och d\u00f6d. Den som f\u00f6rv\u00e4rvar f\u00f6rtj\u00e4nster kan enligt vissa texter avancera i den bortomv\u00e4rldsliga apparaten; f\u00f6rgudade m\u00e4nniskor erh\u00e5ller \u00e4mbeten. Denna modell av religi\u00f6s karri\u00e4r speglar den sociala verkligheten kring \u00e4mbetsmannaexamen.<\/p><p>Religionsvetenskapligt har detta komplex, kallat &#8222;celestial bureaucracy&#8220;, unders\u00f6kts flitigt, bland annat i arbeten av C. K. Yang och senare Stephan Feuchtwang. Den centrala insikten \u00e4r att den kinesiska gudav\u00e4rlden inte \u00e4r ett godtyckligt <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Helheten av gudarna inom en religion eller kultur.\" tabindex=\"0\">pantheon<\/span>, utan ett system ordnat efter ansvarsomr\u00e5den, d\u00e4r Jadekejsaren intar rollen som h\u00f6gste h\u00e4rskare utan att ingripa i varje detalj.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa42b1fd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa42b1fd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c8af1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2c8af1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tempel, bildverk och festen p\u00e5 nionde dagen<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp467d4b3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp467d4b3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfc06af4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpfc06af4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>I <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L\u00e4ran om bildinneh\u00e5ll och deras betydelse.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografin<\/span> avbildas Jadekejsaren n\u00e4stan alltid som en tronande h\u00e4rskare i kejserlig dr\u00e4kt. Han b\u00e4r <em>mianfu<\/em>, ceremonidr\u00e4kten, och p\u00e5 huvudet <em>mianguan<\/em>, den platta kronan med h\u00e4ngande p\u00e4rlsn\u00f6ren, som var f\u00f6rbeh\u00e5llen Kinas kejsare.<\/p><p>I h\u00e4nderna h\u00e5ller han ofta en audienstavla (<em>hu<\/em>). Denna framst\u00e4llning understryker visuellt hans likst\u00e4llande med den jordiska h\u00e4rskaren.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En byggnad avsedd f\u00f6r v\u00f6rdnad av en eller flera gudomligheter.\" tabindex=\"0\">Tempel<\/span> som \u00e4r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Genom en religi\u00f6s handling \u00f6verl\u00e4mnad \u00e5t det heliga och d\u00e4rmed lyft ur det vardagliga.\" tabindex=\"0\">invigda<\/span> \u00e5t Jadekejsaren b\u00e4r ofta namn som <em>Yuhuang Gong<\/em> eller <em>Tiangong<\/em> (\u201dHimlapalatset\u201d). K\u00e4nda anl\u00e4ggningar finns i Taiwan, till exempel Tiangong-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En byggnad avsedd f\u00f6r v\u00f6rdnad av en eller flera gudomligheter.\" tabindex=\"0\">templet<\/span> i Tainan, samt p\u00e5 det kinesiska fastlandet.<\/p><p>Dessutom har Jadekejsaren i m\u00e5nga st\u00f6rre tempelanl\u00e4ggningar ett eget <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En liten helig f\u00f6rvaringsplats eller andaktsplats.\" tabindex=\"0\">skrin<\/span> eller en egen hall, \u00e4ven om <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En byggnad avsedd f\u00f6r v\u00f6rdnad av en eller flera gudomligheter.\" tabindex=\"0\">templet<\/span> i \u00f6vrigt \u00e4r \u00e4gnat andra gudomligheter.<\/p><p>Den viktigaste helgdagen \u00e4r den nionde dagen i den f\u00f6rsta m\u00e5nm\u00e5naden, som r\u00e4knas som Jadekejsarens f\u00f6delsedag. I hokkiensamh\u00e4llen, s\u00e4rskilt i Taiwan och Sydostasien, firas den som <em>Pai Ti Kong<\/em>.<\/p><p>V\u00f6rdnaden inleds natten innan: familjer reser altare, offrar sockerr\u00f6r, som enligt en <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En uppbygglig ber\u00e4ttelse, oftast om helgons liv.\" tabindex=\"0\">legend<\/span> en g\u00e5ng skyddade hokkienfolket mot f\u00f6rf\u00f6ljare, och framf\u00f6r te, frukt och r\u00f6kelse. Eftersom Jadekejsaren anses f\u00f6r upph\u00f6jd f\u00f6r att hedras direkt med k\u00f6ttr\u00e4tter dominerar vegetariska offerg\u00e5vor och symboliska pappersoffer.<\/p><p>Halmmattorna man kn\u00e4b\u00f6jer p\u00e5 och den rituella ordningen f\u00f6r bugningarna \u00e4r regionalt olika kodifierade. Etnografiska studier av dessa fester, exempelvis fr\u00e5n Singapore och Penang, visar hur starkt <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Summan av de religi\u00f6sa v\u00f6rdnadshandlingarna f\u00f6r en gudomlighet eller helig gestalt.\" tabindex=\"0\">kulten<\/span> \u00e4r knuten till konkreta migrationshistorier.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp33506fa e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp33506fa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp008cad0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp008cad0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jadekejsaren i roman, opera och modern underh\u00e5llning<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfbc1a9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpfbc1a9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdd86d3b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpdd86d3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ut\u00f6ver den religi\u00f6sa praktiken \u00e4r Jadekejsaren en fast litter\u00e4r gestalt. I romanen <em>F\u00e4rden till V\u00e4stern<\/em> (<em>Xiyou ji<\/em>, 1500-talet) framtr\u00e4der han som himlens h\u00f6gsta h\u00e4rskare, vars hov s\u00e4tts i uppror av apkungen <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/sun-wukong-apkungen\/\">Sun Wukong<\/a>.<\/p><p>Anm\u00e4rkningsv\u00e4rt \u00e4r att romanen inte tecknar Jadekejsaren som allsm\u00e4ktig: han m\u00e5ste kalla p\u00e5 Buddha f\u00f6r att kuva apan. Denna halvsatiriska framst\u00e4llning pr\u00e4glar den popul\u00e4ra bilden \u00e4n i dag.<\/p><p>I den klassiska kinesiska teatern och i Pekingoperan framtr\u00e4der Jadekejsaren regelbundet i pj\u00e4ser som dramatiserar episoder ur <em>Xiyou ji<\/em> eller ur <em>Gudarnas investitur<\/em> (<em>Fengshen yanyi<\/em>). Hans scenroll \u00e4r den v\u00e4rdiga, n\u00e5got distanserade h\u00e4rskarens.<\/p><p>I moderniteten har denna tradition levt vidare. Jadekejsaren f\u00f6rekommer i tecknade filmer, tv-serier, serietidningar och datorspel, b\u00e5de i Folkrepubliken Kina och i den v\u00e4sterl\u00e4ndska popul\u00e4rkulturen som bygger p\u00e5 <em>F\u00e4rden till V\u00e4stern<\/em>. Ofta reduceras gestalten till den maktl\u00f6se byr\u00e5kraten som st\u00e5r i v\u00e4gen f\u00f6r den upproriske hj\u00e4lten.<\/p><p>F\u00f6r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vetenskapen som studerar religioner j\u00e4mf\u00f6rande och utan trosbindning.\" tabindex=\"0\">religionsvetenskapen<\/span> \u00e4r detta f\u00f6rh\u00e5llande upplysande: den litter\u00e4ra <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vidaref\u00f6randet av kunskap och ber\u00e4ttelser genom generationer.\" tabindex=\"0\">traditionen<\/span> och den levande <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Summan av de religi\u00f6sa v\u00f6rdnadshandlingarna f\u00f6r en gudomlighet eller helig gestalt.\" tabindex=\"0\">kulten<\/span> l\u00f6per parallellt. Den som offrar till Himlapalatset p\u00e5 den nionde dagen i f\u00f6rsta m\u00e5naden v\u00f6rdar en upph\u00f6jd h\u00e4rskare; den som l\u00e4ser romanen m\u00f6ter en ironiskt bruten gestalt. B\u00e5da bilderna h\u00f6r till receptionshistorien och b\u00f6r inte st\u00e4llas mot varandra.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf23c7e9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpf23c7e9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp38c99b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp38c99b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">K\u00e4ll\u00e4ge: varifr\u00e5n v\u00e5r kunskap kommer<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0970a29 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp0970a29\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6ce3203 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp6ce3203\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Den som vill f\u00e5nga Jadekejsaren historiskt m\u00e5ste skilja mellan flera textlager. De \u00e4ldsta bel\u00e4ggen f\u00f6r en upph\u00f6jd himmelsh\u00e4rskare med detta namn kommer fr\u00e5n daoistiska skrifter fr\u00e5n Tang-tiden. Det avg\u00f6rande genombrottet kommer fr\u00e5n Song-tidens hovdokument, som dokumenterar kejsar Zhenzongs titelutdelningar; dessa \u00e4r bevarade i de dynastiska historieverken.<\/p><p>Vid sidan av detta finns det daoistiska skriftmaterialet som samlats i <em>Daozang<\/em>, den daoistiska <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den som en religion erk\u00e4nner som bindande samling av heliga skrifter.\" tabindex=\"0\">kanon<\/span>. H\u00e4r finns liturgier, \u00e5kallanden och teologiska tolkningar som placerar Jadekejsaren i systemet av h\u00f6gsta gudar. Dessa texter \u00e4r ofta sv\u00e5ra att datera och f\u00f6ruts\u00e4tter liturgisk specialkunskap.<\/p><p>Ett tredje lager utg\u00f6rs av den ber\u00e4ttande litteraturen fr\u00e5n Ming-tiden, framf\u00f6r allt <em>Xiyou ji<\/em> och <em>Fengshen yanyi<\/em>, som starkt har format den popul\u00e4ra bilden men inte utg\u00f6r teologiska k\u00e4llor i egentlig mening. Slutligen ger den moderna etnografin, till exempel f\u00e4ltforskningen om taiwanesisk och sydostasiatisk folkdaoism, material om den levda praktiken.<\/p><p>Forskningen manar till f\u00f6rsiktighet: mycket av det som i popul\u00e4ra framst\u00e4llningar presenteras som gammal <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Helheten av en kulturs \u00f6verl\u00e4mnade gudaber\u00e4ttelser.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologi<\/span>, till exempel utf\u00f6rliga f\u00f6delselegender om Jadekejsaren, \u00e4r litter\u00e4rt sett sent tillkommet eller regionalt begr\u00e4nsat.<\/p><p>Det sakliga omd\u00f6met \u00e4r att Jadekejsaren \u00e4r en gestalt som konsoliderades under medeltiden, och vars profil framtr\u00e4der ur samspelet mellan statskult, daoistisk l\u00e4rdom och <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den religiositet som levs i vardagen, ofta vid sidan av den officiella l\u00e4ran.\" tabindex=\"0\">folktrosreligiositet<\/span>. D\u00e4r \u00e4ldre myter p\u00e5st\u00e5s f\u00f6rekomma b\u00f6r k\u00e4llunderlaget granskas kritiskt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vidare l\u00e4nkar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/yanluo\/\">Yanluo, d\u00f6ds\u00e4mbetsman under honom<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/zhong-kui\/\">Zhong Kui, demonbek\u00e4mpare under hans bef\u00e4l<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/mazu\/\">Mazu, besl\u00e4ktad folkgudom<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/kina\/\">Kina, pantheon\u00f6versikt<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/hoggudomar\/\">H\u00f6ggudomar, underkategori<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/gudar\/\">Gudar, klass\u00f6versikt<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Litteratur (urval)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Kohn, Livia (Hg.): <em>Daoism Handbook<\/em>. Leiden 2000.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Schipper, Kristofer: <em>The Taoist Body<\/em>. Berkeley 1993.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Bokenkamp, Stephen R.: <em>Early Daoist Scriptures<\/em>. Berkeley 1997.<\/span><\/li><li>Walde, Christine (Hg.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (uppslagsordet &bdquo;Yu Huang&ldquo;).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Fler standardverk i <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/litteratur\/\">litteraturf\u00f6rteckningen<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1741,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Yuhuang Shangdi","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Yuhuang Shangdi \u2013 daoismens jadekejsare","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Kosmisk f\u00f6rvaltare, \u00f6desreglerare och den h\u00f6gsta verksamma makten i Kinas daoistiska folktradition.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"china","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-136678","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Yuhuang Shangdi \u2013 daoismens jadekejsare<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kosmisk f\u00f6rvaltare, \u00f6desreglerare och den h\u00f6gsta verksamma makten i Kinas daoistiska folktradition.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/jadekejsaren\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sv_SE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta 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