{"id":136523,"date":"2026-09-03T00:07:46","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T00:07:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=136523"},"modified":"2026-09-03T01:04:58","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T01:04:58","slug":"leviathan","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/leviathan\/","title":{"rendered":"Leviathan"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"136523\" class=\"elementor elementor-136523 elementor-1021\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Leviathan, gud inom den kristna traditionen<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Leviathan \u00e4r gud inom den kristna traditionen.<\/p><p>Urormen i havet, kaosgestalt inom den hebreiska och kristna traditionen.<\/p><p>Leviathan upptr\u00e4der i Bibeln som kaosdrake och skapelsemotst\u00e5ndare.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Gud\/Gudinna: Personifierad h\u00f6gsta makt i en kulturs pantheon, med tydliga ansvarsomr\u00e5den s\u00e5som naturkrafter, \u00f6de, krig, fruktbarhet. Dyrkad genom kulter, offer och tempelinstitutioner.\">Gud<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/kristendomen\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Kristen tradition med sina \u00e4nglar, demoner och mystiska v\u00e4sen.\">Kristendom<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/anti-gudar\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Kaosmakter och kosmiska motst\u00e5ndare, motspelare i den religionshistoriska dualismen.\">Anti-Gud<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Inga rubriker hittades p\\u00e5 den h\\u00e4r sidan.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tInneh\u00e5llsf\u00f6rteckning\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"\u00d6ppna inneh\u00e5llsf\u00f6rteckning\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"St\u00e4ng inneh\u00e5llsf\u00f6rteckning\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_leviathan-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-136420\" alt=\"Leviatan \u2013 gudar fr\u00e5n den kristna traditionen, historiskt-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_leviathan-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_leviathan-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_leviathan-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_leviathan.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Leviathan<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Leviathan (hebreiska: <em>Liwjatan<\/em>) \u00e4r en av den forna Orientens \u00e4ldsta kaosgestalter, i Gamla testamentet p\u00e5 framtr\u00e4dande st\u00e4llen (Job 40, 41, Ps 74, Jes 27) samtidigt hotfull urvarelse och gudomlig leksak.<\/p><p>I apokalyptisk litteratur blir han den eskatologiska \u00e4ndtidsfienden; i den kristna demonologin avancerar han i hierarkin av \u00f6verdemoner, ofta som <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Andligt v\u00e4sen som tillskrivs skadlig eller mots\u00e4gelsefull verkan.\" tabindex=\"0\">demon<\/span> av avund eller som djupets h\u00e4rskare.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Strukturellt tillh\u00f6r Leviathan familjen av kaosormar fr\u00e5n den forna Orienten: Tiamat, Jam (Ugarit), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/apophis\/\">Apofis<\/a>, Vrtra, den germanska Midg\u00e5rdsormen. Grundmotivet, att skapa ordning genom att betvinga urmonstret, \u00e4r vitt spritt indoeuropeiskt-semitiskt. Thomas Hobbes anv\u00e4nder Leviathan som <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ett tecken som representerar en f\u00f6rest\u00e4llning eller betydelse.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> f\u00f6r statlig makt (1651); det moderna bildspr\u00e5ket g\u00f6r honom till sinnebilden f\u00f6r det v\u00e4ldiga i sig.<\/span><\/p><div><p><strong>Ugaritiska Lotan som f\u00f6reg\u00e5ngare<\/strong><\/p><p>Leviathan \u00e4r religionshistoriskt ett av de b\u00e4st dokumenterade exemplen p\u00e5 en gammalorientalisk kaosormstradition. Det \u00e4ldsta bel\u00e4gget \u00e4r det ugaritiska ordet <em>Lotan<\/em> (i KTU-texterna 1.5 och 1.83, daterade till omkring 1400 f.Kr.), d\u00e4r det sjuhuvade havsmonstret Lotan besegras av v\u00e4dergudens Baal.<\/p><p>Denna f\u00f6rlaga \u00e4r n\u00e4ra besl\u00e4ktad med den mesopotamiska Tiamat-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En \u00f6verl\u00e4mnad ber\u00e4ttelse om gudar, ursprung och v\u00e4rldens ordning.\" tabindex=\"0\">myten<\/span> (Enuma Elish); b\u00e5da tillh\u00f6r den gammalorientaliska combat-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En \u00f6verl\u00e4mnad ber\u00e4ttelse om gudar, ursprung och v\u00e4rldens ordning.\" tabindex=\"0\">myt<\/span>-traditionen (<em>Chaoskampf<\/em>), som tj\u00e4nar som f\u00f6rebild f\u00f6r den judiska Liwjatan-traditionen.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Forskningen (John Day, <em>God&#8217;s Conflict with the Dragon and the Sea<\/em>, 1985; Mark S. Smith, <em>The Origins of Biblical Monotheism<\/em>, 2001) har i detalj kartlagt de diffusionistiska sambanden.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Snabb\u00f6versikt: Leviathan<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> ur-havsvarelse, kaosgestalt, \u00f6verdemon i helvetet<br>Ursprung: ugaritiska Lotan, hebreiska Liwjatan<br>Texter: Job 40, 41, Ps 74, Jes 27, Upp 13, Henok, grimoirer<br>Tidsperiod: senbrons\u00e5lder till nutid<br>Funktion: kaosf\u00f6rkroppsligande, eskatologiskt \u00e4ndtids-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ett \u00e5terkommande inneh\u00e5llselement i konst eller ber\u00e4ttelse.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klaerung1777529077 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klaerung1777529077\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klar1777529077 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"klar1777529077\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p><span data-nosnippet><em><strong>Avgr\u00e4nsning mot Satan:<\/strong> Till skillnad fr\u00e5n <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/satan\/\">Satan<\/a>, den personifierade motst\u00e5ndaren i den judisk-kristna traditionen, \u00e4r Leviathan inte en handlande figur utan en <strong>kosmisk monster-symbolik<\/strong>, havsmonstret fr\u00e5n Jobs-texterna, senare anv\u00e4nt som bild f\u00f6r otyglat kaos inom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den vetenskapliga l\u00e4ran om Gud och om en religions tro.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologi<\/span> och politisk filosofi (Hobbes 1651).<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Inordning<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Texternas tidsperiod<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>F\u00f6rsta bel\u00e4gg i ugaritiska texter (2:a \u00e5rtusendet f.Kr.) som <em>Lotan<\/em>. I Gamla testamentet utf\u00f6rligt beskriven i Job 40, 41. Apokalyptisk bearbetning under andra tempelperioden (Henok). Kristen mottagning i Uppenbarelseboken och <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Kyrkof\u00e4dernas teologi och skrifter (200\u2013800-talet), t.ex. Augustinus, Hieronymus, Origenes, Chrysostomos.\">patristik<\/span>. Grimoirer och Hobbes under den nya tiden.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Utbredningsomr\u00e5de<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Utg\u00e5ende fr\u00e5n det gammalsyrisk-kanaaneiska omr\u00e5det (Ugarit) till det bibliska Israel; d\u00e4rifr\u00e5n vidare till hela den kristna v\u00e4rlden, med stark n\u00e4rvaro inom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L\u00e4ran om bildinneh\u00e5ll och deras betydelse.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografi<\/span> (helvetesgapet) och litteratur (Hobbes, Moby Dick).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">K\u00e4ll\u00e4ge<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ugaritiska texter (KTU 1.5); Job 40, 41; Ps 74, Ps 104; Jes 27:1; 1 Henok 60; Upp 12, 13; grimoirer (Dictionnaire Infernal); Hobbes; modern mottagning.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Namn<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Hebreiska:<\/strong> <em>Liwjatan<\/em>, \u201dden som slingrar sig\u201d, \u201dden vridna\u201d.<br>Ugaritiska: <em>Lotan<\/em>, med direkt etymologisk och motivisk kontinuitet.<br>Grekiska (LXX): <em>drak\u014dn<\/em>.<br>Latin (Vulgata): <em>Leviathan<\/em>.<\/p><p>Det motiviska sl\u00e4ktskapet med Tiamat, Apofis och Vrtra \u00e4r obestridligt; spr\u00e5kligt st\u00e5r Leviathan i direkt linje med ugaritiska Lotan. I den kabbalistiska traditionen t\u00e4nks han ibland som kvinnlig (som maka till en \u201dond Leviathan\u201d) eller dubbel (tv\u00e5 Leviathaner).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u00e4sensdrag<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Utseende<\/strong><\/p><p>J\u00e4ttelik sj\u00f6orm eller drakformat havsmonster. Job 40, 41 beskriver honom med eldsprutande gap, fj\u00e4llpansar och obetvinglig kraft. Medeltida <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L\u00e4ran om bildinneh\u00e5ll och deras betydelse.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografi<\/span>: draken Leviathan som helvetesgap som slukar de f\u00f6rd\u00f6mda.<\/p><p><strong>Beteende<\/strong><\/p><p>I Job \u00e4r han Guds leksak, ett bevis p\u00e5 gudomlig \u00f6verl\u00e4gsenhet. I Jes 27,1 \u00e4r han fienden som Gud vid tidens slut betvingar med sv\u00e4rdet. I Uppenbarelseboken \u00e4r han den apokalyptiska draken ur havet.<\/p><p><strong>Verkningsomr\u00e5de<\/strong><\/p><p>Havet, djupet, det kaotiska. I eskatologisk tolkning \u00e4ndtiden, i medeltida helvetesikonografi helvetet sj\u00e4lvt.<\/p><p><strong>Mytologiskt ursprung<\/strong><\/p><p>Ugaritisk rot i Lotan-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ett \u00e5terkommande inneh\u00e5llsm\u00e4ssigt element i konst eller ber\u00e4ttelse.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivet<\/span>, inb\u00e4ddat i guden Baals kaoskamp mot havskraften Jamm. Bibliskt b\u00e5de ett skapelsemoment (t\u00e4mjande) och \u00e4ndtid (f\u00f6rintelse).<\/p><div><p><strong>Job 40, 41 som mest utf\u00f6rliga k\u00e4lla<\/strong><\/p><p>Bibelns mest utf\u00f6rliga skildring av Leviathan finns i Job 41 (i vissa r\u00e4kningar 40,25, 41,26): ett detaljerat portr\u00e4tt i 34 verser av varelsen med fj\u00e4ll, eldandedr\u00e4kt, j\u00e4ttegap och obetvinglighet.<\/p><p>Den teologiska kontexten \u00e4r Guds svar till Job ur stormen (Job 38, 41), d\u00e4r Gud demonstrerar sin kosmiska suver\u00e4nitet \u00e4ven \u00f6ver kaosmakterna. Leviathan st\u00e5r h\u00e4r tillsammans med Behemot som ett dubbelt bevis p\u00e5 att skapelsen inneh\u00e5ller makter som \u00e4r bortom m\u00e4nsklig kontroll, men underst\u00e4llda den gudomliga.<\/p><p>Psalm 74,14 anspelar p\u00e5 den kosmologiska f\u00f6rhistorien (\u201dDu krossade Leviatans huvuden\u201d); Psalm 104,26 s\u00e4tter en senare, n\u00e4stan lekfull ton (\u201dLeviatan, som du skapade f\u00f6r att leka i det\u201d). Den judiska rabbinska traditionen (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Huvudverk inom rabbinsk judendom, i babylonisk och jerusalemisk version; inneh\u00e5ller Mishna och Gemara.\">Talmud<\/span> Bavli Bava Batra 75a) ber\u00e4ttar om en \u00e4ndtidsm\u00e5ltid f\u00f6r de r\u00e4ttf\u00e4rdiga, d\u00e4r Leviatans k\u00f6tt \u00e4ts.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Leviathan<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>De viktigaste aspekterna av Leviathan i sammandrag.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Leviathans ursprung<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ugaritiska Lotan, hebreiska Liwjatan. I Gamla testamentet b\u00e5de betvingad vid skapelsen och eskatologisk fiende p\u00e5 samma g\u00e5ng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verkningsobjekt<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kosmiskt hot; i medeltida mottagande de f\u00f6rd\u00f6mda (helvetesgap). Tematiskt: m\u00e4nniskan vid gr\u00e4nsen f\u00f6r det beh\u00e4rskningsbara.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Utseende<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>J\u00e4ttelik sj\u00f6orm, eldsprutande gap, fj\u00e4llpansar. Medeltida framst\u00e4lld som helvetesgap som slukar sj\u00e4lar.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verkningsomr\u00e5de<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>F\u00f6rkroppsligar kaoset, hotar ordningen och betvingas till slut. I grimoire-traditionen: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Andlig varelse som tillskrivs skadlig eller mots\u00e4gelsefull verkan.\" tabindex=\"0\">demon<\/span> f\u00f6r avunden.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Leviathans avv\u00e4rjning<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ingen vardaglig avv\u00e4rjning finns. Teologiskt: tillit till Gud som betvingare. I kabbalistisk och grimoire-litteratur specifika bindningsformler.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Leviathans motsvarigheter<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tiamat (Mesopotamien), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/apophis\/\">Apofis<\/a> (Egypten), Vrtra (vedisk), Midg\u00e5rdsormen, draken i Uppenbarelseboken.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Funktion i riten<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Liturgiskt<\/strong><\/p><p>I den judiska ber\u00e4ttelsen om \u00e4ndens tids\u00e5lders festm\u00e5ltid tj\u00e4nar Leviatan som f\u00f6da f\u00f6r de r\u00e4ttf\u00e4rdiga (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Huvudverk inom rabbinsk judendom med tolkning av den religi\u00f6sa traditionen.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span>, Baba Batra 74b, 75a). I den kristna <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Fastst\u00e4lld religi\u00f6s gudstj\u00e4nstordning med texter, s\u00e5nger och rituella handlingar.\">liturgin<\/span> finns ingen direkt koppling, men drak-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L\u00e4ran om bildinneh\u00e5ll och deras betydelse.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografin<\/span> i p\u00e5skliturgin ekar av den.<\/p><p><strong>Besv\u00e4rjelser<\/strong><\/p><p>Grimoirer (Pseudomonarchia Daemonum, Dictionnaire Infernal) listar Leviatan som en av de h\u00f6gre demonerna med sigill och rang. I kabbalistisk tradition \u00e4r han en del av <em>Sitra Achra<\/em>.<\/p><p><strong>Symboliskt<\/strong><\/p><p>Som en kaosgestalt \u00e4r han motbilden till den gudomliga ordningen; som helvetesgap \u00e4r han den ikonografiska fixpunkten i medeltida framst\u00e4llningar av yttersta tiden. Hos Hobbes ett symbol f\u00f6r den suver\u00e4na statsmakten.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralleller och efterliv<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Fr\u00e4mre Orienten:<\/strong> Det ugaritiska Lotan, det babyloniska Tiamat, samma motivfamilj. Grundm\u00f6nstret: skapelse genom bem\u00e4strande av urhavets kraft.<\/p><p><strong>Indoeuropeiska traditioner:<\/strong> Vritra i Rigveda, Midg\u00e5rdsormen, draken i den grekiska hj\u00e4ltesagan. Alla betecknar det urgamla som m\u00e5ste bem\u00e4stras av hj\u00e4ltegudomen.<\/p><p><strong>Modern rezeption<\/strong><\/p><p>Hobbes <em>Leviathan<\/em> som politisk metafor f\u00f6r statlig makt. Melville citerar Leviatan i Moby-Dick. Modernt: film, litteratur, politiskt vokabul\u00e4r (\u00f6vervakningsstat = &#8221;Leviatan&#8221;).<\/p><div><p><strong>Politisk och nutida reception<\/strong><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Thomas Hobbes gjorde 1651 med sitt politiska huvudverk <em>Leviathan, or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Common-wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civill<\/em> figuren till en allegori f\u00f6r den absoluta staten: den &#8221;d\u00f6dliga guden&#8221; Leviatan \u00e4r suver\u00e4nen som genom kontrakt skapas ur naturtillst\u00e5ndet (<em>bellum omnium contra omnes<\/em>) och r\u00e5der \u00f6ver medborgarnas liv och d\u00f6d.<\/span><\/p><p>Hobbes val av just denna bild \u00e4r religionshistoriskt anm\u00e4rkningsv\u00e4rt: den identifierar staten med den kaosmakt vars bibliska betvingande ger staten dess funktion.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>I den moderna receptionen (Carl Schmitt, <em>Der Leviathan in der Staatslehre des Thomas Hobbes<\/em>, 1938) och i diskussioner om statens suver\u00e4nitet f\u00f6rblir Leviatan en central referensfigur.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Denna politiska reception l\u00f6per parallellt med den teologisk-demonologiska, d\u00e4r Leviatan i den medeltida helvetes-hierarkin (Peter Binsfeld, <em>De confessionibus maleficarum<\/em>, 1589) f\u00f6rs upp som en av de sju helvetesfurstarna, ansvarig f\u00f6r d\u00f6dssynden <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Inom kristen tradition en l\u00e4ra som avviker fr\u00e5n den ortodoxa positionen; belagd med sanktioner under antiken och medeltiden.\">k\u00e4tteri<\/span>.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0fa89a2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp0fa89a2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp45b6119 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp45b6119\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Leviathan i Jobs bok: Guds tal ur stormen<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5b95145 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp5b95145\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1068a65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp1068a65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Den mest utf\u00f6rliga beskrivningen av Leviatan i den hebreiska bibeln finns i Jobs bok, kapitel 41. Den h\u00f6r till gudstalen d\u00e4r Gud ur stormen svarar p\u00e5 Jobs klagan.<\/p><p>Gud skildrar odjuret i en l\u00e5ng rad fr\u00e5gor som alla syftar p\u00e5 att ingen m\u00e4nniska kan m\u00e4ta sig med Leviatan. Ingen kan dra en krok genom hans n\u00e4sa, t\u00e4mja hans gap med betsel eller genomborra hans hud med spjut.<\/p><p>Beskrivningen \u00e4r konkret och bildstark. Leviatan har ogenomtr\u00e4ngliga fj\u00e4ll som ligger t\u00e4tt som sk\u00f6ldar, ur hans gap far facklor, ur hans nosborrar stiger r\u00f6k, hans andedr\u00e4kt t\u00e4nder gl\u00f6d.<\/p><p>N\u00e4r han reser sig fruktar \u00e4ven de starka. Han r\u00e4knar j\u00e4rn som str\u00e5 och brons som ruttet tr\u00e4. Djupet f\u00e5r han att sjuda som en gryta. Han \u00e4r satt till konung \u00f6ver allt h\u00f6gmodigt.<\/p><p>I tolkningshistorien har det tvistats om vad som egentligen avses. En \u00e4ldre linje tolkade Leviatan rationalistiskt som en krokodil, en annan som en ren kaossymbol. I dag betonar forskningen det retoriska sammanhanget: i Jobs bok st\u00e5r Leviatan f\u00f6r gr\u00e4nsen f\u00f6r m\u00e4nsklig makt och m\u00e4nskligt f\u00f6rst\u00e5nd.<\/p><p>Gud visar Job en varelse som m\u00e4nniskan varken kan kontrollera eller begripa, men som inte hotar Gud sj\u00e4lv. Gudstalet g\u00f6r paradoxalt nog kaosodjuret till en del av den ofattbart vida skapelseordningen, vars mening f\u00f6rblir dold f\u00f6r m\u00e4nniskan.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6f647dc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp6f647dc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe9f0c9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpe9f0c9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Den v\u00e4stsemitiska bakgrunden: Lotan och kaosstriden<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp10055ac e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp10055ac\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf9e4b2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpf9e4b2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Leviatan \u00e4r ingen isolerad biblisk uppfinning. Uppt\u00e4ckten av de ugaritiska texterna i Ras Shamra vid den syriska kusten sedan 1929 har synliggjort en \u00e4ldre bakgrund.<\/p><p>I de mytologiska texterna fr\u00e5n Ugarit, som h\u00f6r till det andra f\u00f6rkristna \u00e5rtusendet, f\u00f6rekommer en orm vid namn <em>Lotan<\/em>, som ljudm\u00e4ssigt \u00e4r n\u00e4ra besl\u00e4ktad med det hebreiska Livjatan. Lotan beskrivs d\u00e4r som en slingrande, m\u00e5ngah\u00f6vdad orm som dr\u00e4ps av v\u00e4dergudmen Baal eller av gudinnan Anat.<\/p><p>D\u00e4rmed h\u00f6r Leviatan till det spridda gammalorientaliska <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ett \u00e5terkommande inneh\u00e5llsligt element i konst eller ber\u00e4ttelse.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivet<\/span> om kaosstriden. I Mesopotamien strider guden Marduk i <em>Enuma Elish<\/em> mot urfloden Tiamat, i Ugarit besegrar Baal havet Yam och draken Lotan.<\/p><p>Grundm\u00f6nstret liknar varandra \u00f6verallt: en ordningsmakt betvingar en vattnigt kaotisk makt, ofta i ormgestalt, och stiftar eller bekr\u00e4ftar d\u00e4rmed v\u00e4rldsordningen.<\/p><p>Den hebreiska bibeln k\u00e4nner detta <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ett \u00e5terkommande inneh\u00e5llsligt element i konst eller ber\u00e4ttelse.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> och tar upp det, men i en egen bearbetning. Flera psalmer och profetiska texter talar om att Gud har krossat Leviatans eller havsdrakens huvuden.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Religionsvetare som John Day har i <em>God&#8217;s Conflict with the Dragon and the Sea<\/em> (1985) visat hur dessa \u00e4ldre bilder lever vidare i de bibliska texterna, men samtidigt knyts till Israels ende Gud.<\/span><\/p><p>Leviatan f\u00f6rvandlas d\u00e4rmed fr\u00e5n en sj\u00e4lvst\u00e4ndig gudomlig motst\u00e5ndare till en varelse som Gud betvingar, eller, som i Jobs bok, till och med bara framst\u00e5r som hans m\u00e4ktiga men ofarliga leksak.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpab2b5fc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpab2b5fc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfe388ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpfe388ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Den \u00e4ndtidsliga m\u00e5ltiden: Leviatan i den judiska traditionen<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb6217c3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpb6217c3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe28435f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpe28435f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>I den efterbibliska judiska litteraturen t\u00e4nks Leviatan vidare p\u00e5 ett eget s\u00e4tt. En bred tradition, som g\u00e5r att sp\u00e5ra i apokalypser, i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Huvudverket inom den rabbinska judendomen med tolkning av den religi\u00f6sa traditionen.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span> och i midraslitteraturen, f\u00f6rbinder honom med tidernas \u00e4nde.<\/p><p>Ofta framtr\u00e4der han som ett par tillsammans med landodjuret <em>Behemot<\/em>; ibland tillkommer f\u00e5geln <em>Ziz<\/em> som ett tredje v\u00e4sen. Leviatan h\u00e4rskar \u00f6ver havet, Behemot \u00f6ver land.<\/p><p>En spridd f\u00f6rest\u00e4llning s\u00e4ger att Gud ursprungligen skapade de b\u00e5da urodjuren som ett par, men f\u00f6rhindrade deras fortplantning s\u00e5 att de inte skulle \u00f6verv\u00e4ldiga v\u00e4rlden.<\/p><p>Vid tidernas slut, enligt en ber\u00e4ttelse som bevittnas i flera k\u00e4llor, d\u00f6das Leviatan och Behemot och deras k\u00f6tt serveras de r\u00e4ttf\u00e4rdiga som en festm\u00e5ltid. Ur Leviatans hud, enligt en talmudisk utsmyckning, tillverkar Gud ett t\u00e4lt eller en baldakin f\u00f6r de fromma.<\/p><p>Dessa bilder \u00e4r religionshistoriskt belysande. Kaosodjuret, som i de \u00e4ldsta lagren utgjorde ett verkligt hot mot skapelsen, ordnas h\u00e4r fullst\u00e4ndigt in i fr\u00e4lsningshistorien. Det \u00e4r kontrollerat fr\u00e5n b\u00f6rjan och tj\u00e4nar till sist till och med som bel\u00f6ning f\u00f6r de r\u00e4ttf\u00e4rdiga.<\/p><p>F\u00f6rest\u00e4llningen om Leviatanm\u00e5ltiden har haft en l\u00e5ng verkningshistoria inom judisk <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den fastst\u00e4llda ordningen f\u00f6r en religi\u00f6s samfunds gudstj\u00e4nst.\" tabindex=\"0\">liturgi<\/span> och <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den religiositet som levs i vardagen, ofta vid sidan av den officiella l\u00e4ran.\" tabindex=\"0\">folktrosreligiositet<\/span>; den \u00e5terfinns fortfarande i bordsvisor f\u00f6r l\u00f6vhyddoh\u00f6gtiden. Forskningen ser detta som ett exempel p\u00e5 hur ett gammalt mytiskt <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ett \u00e5terkommande inneh\u00e5llsligt element i konst eller ber\u00e4ttelse.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> kunde h\u00e5llas levande genom upprepad omtolkning under \u00e5rhundraden, utan att helt f\u00f6rlora sitt hotfulla ursprung.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb39e41a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpb39e41a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7ec3be5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp7ec3be5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kristen tolkning: Fr\u00e5n helvetesgapet till politisk symbol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5bb46b3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp5bb46b3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2624cb4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2624cb4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>I den kristna uttolkningstraditionen tolkades Leviatan huvudsakligen negativt. Kyrkof\u00e4der som Gregorius den store kopplade honom i sina kommentarer till Jobs bok till dj\u00e4vulen eller Antikrist.<\/p><p>Ur det eldsprutande gapet i Jobs bok utvecklades i medeltida konst bildmotivet med helvetesgapet, ett enormt uppsp\u00e4rrat vidundergap som de f\u00f6rd\u00f6mda drivs in i. Denna bild pr\u00e4glade bokm\u00e5leriet, kyrkoportaler och senare det andliga sk\u00e5despelet.<\/p><p>En annan tolkningslinje anv\u00e4nde Leviatan allegoriskt f\u00f6r fr\u00e4lsningstanken. I vissa medeltida texter framst\u00e4lls Leviatan, f\u00e5ngad p\u00e5 en krok, som en bild f\u00f6r hur dj\u00e4vulen \u00f6verlistas genom Kristi m\u00e4nniskoblivande; korset blir kroken som vidundret fastnar p\u00e5.<\/p><p>Denna f\u00f6rest\u00e4llning f\u00f6renade den gamla bilden av den of\u00e5ngbara Leviatan med den kristna fr\u00e4lsningsl\u00e4ran.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Den mest betydelsefulla omtolkningen i nyare tid gjordes av Thomas Hobbes. I sitt verk <em>Leviathan<\/em> fr\u00e5n 1651 valde han det bibliska vidundret som <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En \u00e5sk\u00e5dlig bild som st\u00e5r f\u00f6r en abstrakt tanke.\" tabindex=\"0\">sinnebild<\/span> f\u00f6r staten, en konstgjord m\u00e4nniska sammansatt av m\u00e5nga m\u00e4nniskor, som genom sin \u00f6verl\u00e4gsna makt g\u00f6r slut p\u00e5 naturtillst\u00e5ndet med allas krig mot alla.<\/span><\/p><p>Hobbes h\u00e4nvisade d\u00e4rvid uttryckligen till Jobsbokens ord om konungen \u00f6ver alla de stolta.<\/p><p>Den ber\u00f6mda kopparetsningen p\u00e5 titelbladet, som visar en enorm h\u00e4rskare sammansatt av m\u00e5nga sm\u00e5 figurer, h\u00f6r till de mest k\u00e4nda politiska bilderna \u00f6ver huvud taget. Sedan Hobbes tid \u00e4r Leviatan i det politiska spr\u00e5kbruket ett uttryck f\u00f6r \u00f6verm\u00e4ktig statlig makt, en betydelselinje som med den ursprungliga kaosdraken bara h\u00e4nger samman genom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ett \u00e5terkommande inneh\u00e5llselement i konst eller ber\u00e4ttelse.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivet<\/span> av den obetvingliga makten.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vidare l\u00e4nkar<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rekommenderade interna l\u00e4nkar:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/kristendomen\/\">Kristendom<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/satan\/\">Satan<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/lucifer\/\">Lucifer<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/beelzebub\/\">Belsebub<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/legion-besatthet-och-kollektiva-demoner\/\">Legion<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/apophis\/\">Apofis<\/a> (n\u00e4rmaste parallell)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/mesopotamien\/\">Mesopotamien<\/a> (Tiamat-traditionen)<\/li><li>Drak- och kaosstridsmotiv<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forskningslitteratur<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Ett urval centrala arbeten om Leviatan:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Day, John: <em>God&#8217;s Conflict with the Dragon and the Sea<\/em>. Cambridge 1985.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Uehlinger, Christoph: \u201dLeviathan.\u201d I: <em>Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible<\/em>. 2. uppl. Leiden 1999.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Wakeman, Mary K.: <em>God&#8217;s Battle with the Monster<\/em>. Leiden 1973.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Batto, Bernard F.: <em>Slaying the Dragon<\/em>. Louisville 1992.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Schmidt, Brian B.: \u201dSea Monsters.\u201d I: <em>Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls<\/em>. New York 2000.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><p><strong>Standardlitteratur (kristendom):<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet><strong>Markschies, Christoph<\/strong>: <em>Das <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epok av grekisk och romersk kultur, ungef\u00e4r 800 f.Kr. till 600 e.Kr.\" tabindex=\"0\">antike<\/span> Christentum. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den levda religi\u00f6sa h\u00e5llningen och praktiken hos en m\u00e4nniska.\" tabindex=\"0\">Fr\u00f6mmigkeit<\/span>, Lebensformen, Institutionen. Beck, M\u00fcnchen 2006.<\/em><\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Fler standardverk i <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/litteratur\/\">litteraturf\u00f6rteckningen<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-wv-leviathan-faq-33e931 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"wv-leviathan-faq-33e931\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-wv-leviathan-faq-col-8e5934\" data-id=\"wv-leviathan-faq-col-8e5934\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-wv-leviathan-h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"wv-leviathan-h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vanliga fr\u00e5gor om Leviatan<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-wv-leviathan-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"wv-leviathan-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<details class=\"iwg-faq-item\">\n  <summary><strong>Vad \u00e4r Leviatan?<\/strong><\/summary>\n  <p>Leviatan \u00e4r ett enormt havsvidunder inom den judisk-kristna traditionen. I Hebreiska bibeln (Jesaja, Psaltaren, Job) framtr\u00e4der han som en kaotisk urkraft i havet, som Gud t\u00e4mjer vid skapelsens b\u00f6rjan. I den senare judiska apokalyptiken och den kristna demonologin blev Leviatan till en personifikation av det onda. Hos Thomas Hobbes blev namnet en sinnebild f\u00f6r den allsm\u00e4ktiga staten.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<details class=\"iwg-faq-item\">\n  <summary><strong>\u00c4r Leviatan en <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Andligt v\u00e4sen som tillskrivs skadlig eller mots\u00e4gelsefull verkan.\" tabindex=\"0\">demon<\/span> eller ett djur?<\/strong><\/summary>\n  <p>I den ursprungliga bibliska traditionen \u00e4r Leviatan ett enormt, kosmiskt djur, n\u00e4ra besl\u00e4ktat med den ugaritiska Lotan och den mesopotamiska Tiamat. I den senare judiska apokalyptiken (Enoks bok) och den kristna demonologin under tidigmodern tid blev han till en <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Andligt v\u00e4sen som tillskrivs skadlig eller mots\u00e4gelsefull verkan.\" tabindex=\"0\">demon<\/span>: hos Peter Binsfeld en av de sju \u00e4rkedemonerna, ansvarig f\u00f6r d\u00f6dssynden avund.<\/p>\n<\/details>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-wv-leviathan-s elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"wv-leviathan-s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Vad \u00e4r Leviatan?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Leviatan \u00e4r ett enormt havsvidunder inom den judisk-kristna traditionen. I Hebreiska bibeln (Jesaja, Psaltaren, Job) framtr\u00e4der han som en kaotisk urkraft i havet, som Gud t\u00e4mjer vid skapelsens b\u00f6rjan. I den senare judiska apokalyptiken och den kristna demonologin blev Leviatan till en personifikation av det onda. Hos Thomas Hobbes blev namnet en sinnebild f\u00f6r den allsm\u00e4ktiga staten.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"\u00c4r Leviatan en demon eller ett djur?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"I den ursprungliga bibliska traditionen \u00e4r Leviatan ett enormt, kosmiskt djur, n\u00e4ra besl\u00e4ktat med den ugaritiska Lotan och den mesopotamiska Tiamat. I den senare judiska apokalyptiken (Enoks bok) och den kristna demonologin under tidigmodern tid blev han en demon: hos Peter Binsfeld en av de sju \u00e4rkedemonerna, ansvarig f\u00f6r d\u00f6dssynden avund.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1566,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Leviathan kaos","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Leviathan \u2013 kaosdrake och skapelsemotst\u00e5ndare","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Leviathan, urormen i havet och kaosgestalt inom den hebreiska traditionen: fr\u00e5n Job och Psaltaren till den kristna apokalyptiken.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"5","wesen_kultur":"christentum","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-136523","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Leviathan \u2013 kaosdrake och skapelsemotst\u00e5ndare<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Leviathan, urormen i havet och kaosgestalt inom den hebreiska traditionen: fr\u00e5n Job och Psaltaren till den kristna apokalyptiken.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/leviathan\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sv_SE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Leviathan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Leviathan, urormen i havet och kaosgestalt inom den hebreiska traditionen: fr\u00e5n Job och Psaltaren till den kristna apokalyptiken.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/leviathan\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-03T01:04:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_leviathan.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sv\\\/leviathan\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sv\\\/leviathan\\\/\",\"name\":\"Leviathan \u2013 kaosdrake och skapelsemotst\u00e5ndare\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sv\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sv\\\/leviathan\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sv\\\/leviathan\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_christentum_leviathan.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-03T00:07:46+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-03T01:04:58+00:00\",\"description\":\"Leviathan, urormen i havet och kaosgestalt inom den hebreiska traditionen: fr\u00e5n Job och Psaltaren till den kristna apokalyptiken.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sv\\\/leviathan\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"sv-SE\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sv\\\/leviathan\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sv-SE\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sv\\\/leviathan\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_christentum_leviathan.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_christentum_leviathan.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"Gudar fr\u00e5n kristendomens tradition.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sv\\\/leviathan\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sv\\\/?page_id=136483\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Leviathan\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sv\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sv\\\/\",\"name\":\"iWell Guard\",\"description\":\"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sv\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sv\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"sv-SE\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sv\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sv\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sv-SE\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sv\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"width\":1182,\"height\":237,\"caption\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sv\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pantip.com\\\/profile\\\/9367242\",\"https:\\\/\\\/micro.blog\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.diggerslist.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\",\"https:\\\/\\\/skitterphoto.com\\\/photographers\\\/2870314\\\/iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/06\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/hub.docker.com\\\/u\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/bit.ly\\\/m\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\\\/profiles\\\/iwellguard\\\/activity\",\"https:\\\/\\\/gravatar.com\\\/reallybeded8fd34\",\"https:\\\/\\\/naijamatta.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.goodreads.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/experiment.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/wakelet.com\\\/@iWellGuard82270\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chordie.com\\\/forum\\\/profile.php?id=2555664\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instapaper.com\\\/p\\\/17757966\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mapleprimes.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/businesslistingplus.com\\\/profile\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/telegra.ph\\\/iWell-Guard-06-06\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pbase.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/b.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fliphtml5.com\\\/home\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/anyflip.com\\\/homepage\\\/cmiwl#About\",\"https:\\\/\\\/transfur.com\\\/Users\\\/iwellguard\",\"http:\\\/\\\/delphi.larsbo.org\\\/user\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\\\/profiles\\\/8380803-iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/md.chaosdorf.de\\\/s\\\/jfbe5SBdJD\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lingvolive.com\\\/en-us\\\/profile\\\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\\\/translations\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fitday.com\\\/fitness\\\/forums\\\/members\\\/iwellguard.html\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mymeetbook.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pxhere.com\\\/en\\\/photographer-me\\\/5040798\",\"https:\\\/\\\/disqus.com\\\/by\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pastelink.net\\\/hjwciqwq\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pubhtml5.com\\\/homepage\\\/scjhn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bitchute.com\\\/channel\\\/2O2eOKzNqujT\",\"https:\\\/\\\/audiomack.com\\\/iwellguard\"]},{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sv\\\/leviathan\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sv\\\/leviathan\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ralf Ittermann\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sv\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f\"},\"headline\":\"Leviathan\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-03T00:07:46+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-03T01:04:58+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sv\\\/leviathan\\\/\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sv\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sv\\\/leviathan\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_christentum_leviathan.webp\",\"inLanguage\":\"sv-SE\",\"description\":\"Leviathan, urormen i havet och kaosgestalt inom den hebreiska traditionen: fr\u00e5n Job och Psaltaren till den kristna apokalyptiken.\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Leviathan \u2013 kaosdrake och skapelsemotst\u00e5ndare","description":"Leviathan, urormen i havet och kaosgestalt inom den hebreiska traditionen: fr\u00e5n Job och Psaltaren till den kristna apokalyptiken.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/leviathan\/","og_locale":"sv_SE","og_type":"article","og_title":"Leviathan","og_description":"Leviathan, urormen i havet och kaosgestalt inom den hebreiska traditionen: fr\u00e5n Job och Psaltaren till den kristna apokalyptiken.","og_url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/leviathan\/","og_site_name":"iWell Guard","article_modified_time":"2026-09-03T01:04:58+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_leviathan.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/leviathan\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/leviathan\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Leviathan","datePublished":"2026-09-03T00:07:46+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-03T01:04:58+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/leviathan\/"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/leviathan\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_leviathan.webp","inLanguage":"sv-SE","description":"Leviathan, urormen i havet och kaosgestalt inom den hebreiska traditionen: fr\u00e5n Job och Psaltaren till den kristna apokalyptiken."},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/leviathan\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/leviathan\/","name":"Leviathan \u2013 kaosdrake och skapelsemotst\u00e5ndare","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/leviathan\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/leviathan\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_leviathan.webp","datePublished":"2026-09-03T00:07:46+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-03T01:04:58+00:00","description":"Leviathan, urormen i havet och kaosgestalt inom den hebreiska traditionen: fr\u00e5n Job och Psaltaren till den kristna apokalyptiken.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/leviathan\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"sv-SE","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/leviathan\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sv-SE","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/leviathan\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_leviathan.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_leviathan.webp","width":1024,"height":1536,"caption":"Gudar fr\u00e5n kristendomens tradition."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/leviathan\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/?page_id=136483"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Leviathan"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/","name":"iWell Guard","description":"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"sv-SE"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/#organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sv-SE","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","width":1182,"height":237,"caption":"Ittermann electronic GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pantip.com\/profile\/9367242","https:\/\/micro.blog\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.diggerslist.com\/iwellguard\/about","https:\/\/skitterphoto.com\/photographers\/2870314\/iwell-guard","https:\/\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\/2026\/06\/06\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/u\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/bit.ly\/m\/iwellguard","https:\/\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\/profiles\/iwellguard\/activity","https:\/\/gravatar.com\/reallybeded8fd34","https:\/\/naijamatta.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/experiment.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/wakelet.com\/@iWellGuard82270","https:\/\/www.chordie.com\/forum\/profile.php?id=2555664","https:\/\/www.instapaper.com\/p\/17757966","https:\/\/www.mapleprimes.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/businesslistingplus.com\/profile\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/telegra.ph\/iWell-Guard-06-06","https:\/\/pbase.com\/iwellguard\/iwellguard","https:\/\/b.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882","https:\/\/fliphtml5.com\/home\/iwellguard","https:\/\/anyflip.com\/homepage\/cmiwl#About","https:\/\/transfur.com\/Users\/iwellguard","http:\/\/delphi.larsbo.org\/user\/iwellguard","https:\/\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\/profiles\/8380803-iwell-guard","https:\/\/md.chaosdorf.de\/s\/jfbe5SBdJD","https:\/\/www.lingvolive.com\/en-us\/profile\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\/translations","https:\/\/www.fitday.com\/fitness\/forums\/members\/iwellguard.html","https:\/\/www.mymeetbook.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/pxhere.com\/en\/photographer-me\/5040798","https:\/\/disqus.com\/by\/iwellguard\/about\/","https:\/\/pastelink.net\/hjwciqwq","https:\/\/pubhtml5.com\/homepage\/scjhn\/","https:\/\/www.bitchute.com\/channel\/2O2eOKzNqujT","https:\/\/audiomack.com\/iwellguard"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f","name":"Ralf Ittermann","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sv-SE","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ralf Ittermann"},"givenName":"Ralf","familyName":"Ittermann","jobTitle":"Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/author\/claude\/","description":"Ralf Ittermann ist Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer der Ittermann electronic GmbH und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher des iWell-Guard-Lexikons. Er verbindet langj\u00e4hrige Erfahrung in der Pr\u00e4zisionsfertigung mit medialer Praxis und religionsgeschichtlicher Quellenarbeit.","worksFor":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/ittermann.de\/","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"K\u00f6hlergasse 16-18","postalCode":"99842","addressLocality":"Ruhla","addressCountry":"DE"}},"knowsAbout":["Religionsgeschichte","Mythologie","Mediale Praxis","Energetische Diagnostik","Schutzpraxis","Volksglauben","Westliche Esoterik"]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/leviathan\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/leviathan\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Leviathan","datePublished":"2026-09-03T00:07:46+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-03T01:04:58+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/leviathan\/"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/leviathan\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_leviathan.webp","inLanguage":"sv-SE","description":"Leviathan, urormen i havet och kaosgestalt inom den hebreiska traditionen: fr\u00e5n Job och Psaltaren till den kristna apokalyptiken."}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/136523","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=136523"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/136523\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1566"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=136523"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=136523"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}