{"id":136520,"date":"2026-09-03T00:07:44","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T00:07:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=136520"},"modified":"2026-09-03T01:04:54","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T01:04:54","slug":"satan","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/satan\/","title":{"rendered":"Satan"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"136520\" class=\"elementor elementor-136520 elementor-1018\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Satan, gud inom den kristna traditionen<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Motst\u00e5ndaren, huvudgestalt inom kristen demonologi.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Gud\/Gudinna: Personifierad h\u00f6gsta makt i en kulturs pantheon, med tydliga ansvarsomr\u00e5den s\u00e5som naturkrafter, \u00f6de, krig, fruktbarhet. Dyrkad genom kulter, offer och tempelinstitutioner.\">Gud<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/kristendomen\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Kristen tradition med sina \u00e4nglar, demoner och mystiska v\u00e4sen.\">Kristendom<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/anti-gudar\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Kaosmakter och kosmiska motst\u00e5ndare, motspelare i den religionshistoriska dualismen.\">Anti-Gud<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tInneh\u00e5llsf\u00f6rteckning\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"\u00d6ppna inneh\u00e5llsf\u00f6rteckning\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"St\u00e4ng inneh\u00e5llsf\u00f6rteckning\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 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elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_satan-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-136418\" alt=\"Satan \u2013 gudar fr\u00e5n kristendomens tradition, historiskt-illustrativt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_satan-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_satan-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_satan-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_satan.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Satan<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Satan \u00e4r den centrala motst\u00e5ndarfiguren inom den kristna traditionen. Fr\u00e5n det hebreiska <em>ha-satan<\/em> (&#8221;anklagaren&#8221;) i Jobs bok till Nya testamentets personifierade &#8221;dj\u00e4vul&#8221; sker en betydelsef\u00f6rskjutning, fr\u00e5n en funktionell roll vid Guds tron till en fallen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"I de abrahamitiska religionerna ett himmelskt s\u00e4ndebud fr\u00e5n Gud.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e4ngel<\/span> och herre \u00f6ver helvetet. Under patristiken och medeltiden blir han den kosmiska motst\u00e5ndaren och ledaren f\u00f6r alla demoner.<\/p><p>Strukturellt f\u00f6rblir Satan inom den monoteistiska ramen: han \u00e4r en skapad varelse, inte en motgud. Hans makt \u00e4r h\u00e4rledd och i slut\u00e4nden m\u00f6jlig att \u00f6vervinna. \u00c4nd\u00e5 f\u00e5r han en enorm ikonografisk och ber\u00e4ttande n\u00e4rvaro, i konst, litteratur (Dante, Milton, Goethe) och popul\u00e4rkultur, d\u00e4r han f\u00f6rvandlas fr\u00e5n ett helvetiskt monster till en tragiskt-rebellisk gestalt.<\/p><div><p><strong>Religionshistoriska skikt<\/strong><\/p><p>Satan \u00e4r inte en enhetlig gestalt utan ett religionshistoriskt lagerkomplex av minst fyra olika traditionslinjer. Det judiska skiktet (Tanach) visar <em>ha-satan<\/em> som &#8221;anklagare&#8221; vid den himmelska tronen, med en positiv funktion inom den gudomliga f\u00f6rvaltningen (Job 1, 2, Sakarja 3, Numeri 22).<\/p><p>Det mellantestamentliga skiktet (F\u00f6rsta Enoksboken, Jubelboken, De tolv patriarkernas testamente) g\u00f6r denna gestalt sj\u00e4lvst\u00e4ndig och kopplar den till de fallna v\u00e4ktarna i F\u00f6rsta Moseboken 6. Det nytestamentliga skiktet g\u00f6r anklagaren till Kristi och f\u00f6rsamlingens huvudfiende (Matteus 4, Lukas 4, Uppenbarelseboken 12, 20).<\/p><p>Det patristiska och medeltida skiktet bygger ut denna f\u00f6rest\u00e4llning till en utarbetad demonologi, d\u00e4r Satan \u00e4r den fallna <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"I de abrahamitiska religionerna ett himmelskt s\u00e4ndebud fr\u00e5n Gud.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e4nglarnas<\/span> h\u00f6gste bef\u00e4lhavare.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kortprofil: Satan<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> Huvudmotst\u00e5ndare, fallen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"I de abrahamitiska religionerna ett himmelskt s\u00e4ndebud fr\u00e5n Gud.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e4ngel<\/span><br>Ursprung: Ursprungligen gudomlig anklagare; senare tradition: Lucifers fall<br>Texter: Job, evangelierna, Uppenbarelseboken, patristiken, skolastiken<br>Tidsperiod: 1:a \u00e5rhundradet e.Kr. till nutid<br>Skydd: Sakrament, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rituell utdrivning av en ande eller demon som uppfattas som skadlig.\" tabindex=\"0\">exorcism<\/span>, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u00e4nniskans spr\u00e5kliga v\u00e4ndning till en gudom.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u00f6n<\/span>, helgon\u00e5kallan<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klaerung1777534989 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klaerung1777534989\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klar1777534989 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"klar1777534989\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p><em><strong>Avgr\u00e4nsning mot Leviatan:<\/strong> Till skillnad fr\u00e5n <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/leviathan\/\">Leviatan<\/a>, det kosmiska havsmonstret som <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ett tecken som representerar en f\u00f6rest\u00e4llning eller betydelse.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> f\u00f6r otyglat kaos, \u00e4r Satan en <strong>personifierad gestalt<\/strong>, motst\u00e5ndaren, som tr\u00e4der i dialog med Gud och m\u00e4nniskorna och som i den judisk-kristna traditionen framtr\u00e4der som en handlande akt\u00f6r.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Inordning<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Texternas tidsperiod<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>I Gamla testamentet som &#8221;anklagare&#8221; (Job, Sakarja), utan tydlig personlig fastst\u00e4llning. I Nya testamentet som en entydigt ond motst\u00e5ndare (Jesu frestelse, Uppenbarelseboken). Patristiken och medeltiden bygger systematiskt ut gestalten. Reformationen och den nya tiden omtolkar honom.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Utbredningsomr\u00e5de<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Med utg\u00e5ngspunkt i det \u00f6stra Medelhavsomr\u00e5det spreds f\u00f6rest\u00e4llningen genom den kristna missionen till hela den bebodda v\u00e4rlden. Varje kristen region utvecklade sina egna folkliga bilder av Satan, som delvis tog upp inhemska demontraditioner.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">K\u00e4ll\u00e4ge<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nya testamentet, apokalyptiska texter, patristiska homilior, medeltida visionslitteratur (Tundalus, Dante), exempelsamlingar, grimoirer, h\u00e4xprocesser, Milton och Goethe inom litteraturen.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Namn och varianter<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Hebreiska:<\/strong> <em>ha-satan<\/em> (&#8221;anklagaren&#8221;, Job).<br>Grekiska: <em>ho Satanas<\/em>, <em>ho diabolos<\/em> (&#8221;den som skapar oreda&#8221;).<br>Latin: <em>Satanas<\/em>, <em>diabolus<\/em>.<br>Tillnamn: Denna v\u00e4rldens furste, l\u00f6gnens fader, den gamle ormen, draken, Beelsebul.<\/p><p>M\u00e5ngfalden av namn speglar den process genom vilken Satan blev en samlingsgestalt f\u00f6r olika traditioner. Identifieringar med Lucifer (Jes 14, senare), med urormen (1 Mos 3, nytestamentlig), med Beelsebul (evangelierna) och med draken (Uppenbarelseboken) ger en genomg\u00e5ende personlig gestalt, som ursprungligen var enskilda aspekter.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u00e4sensdrag<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Utseende<\/strong><\/p><p>I Nya testamentet i stort sett utan bildbeskrivning, \u201evandrar omkring som ett rytande lejon&#8221; (1 Petr 5:8), \u201eljusets <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"I de abrahamitiska religionerna ett himmelskt s\u00e4ndebud fr\u00e5n Gud.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e4ngel<\/span>&#8221; (2 Kor 11:14). Medeltida <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L\u00e4ran om bildinneh\u00e5ll och deras betydelse.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografi<\/span>: horn, h\u00e4stfot, bevingad, r\u00f6d eller svart, med fladdermusvingar. Dante: treh\u00f6vdad i det nionde helvetescirkelns ispalats.<\/p><p><strong>Beteende<\/strong><\/p><p>Frestar, anklagar, f\u00f6rleder, bedrar. Han har ingen brute force, hans makt \u00e4r inflytande och suggestion. I Uppenbarelseboken k\u00e4mpar han mot Mikael och binds till slut. D\u00e4remellan: st\u00e4ndig n\u00e4rvaro i den troendes vardag som frestelse.<\/p><p><strong>Verksamhetsomr\u00e5de<\/strong><\/p><p>Hela v\u00e4rlden (\u201edenna v\u00e4rldens furste&#8221;), med tyngdpunkter: frestelse av enskilda, f\u00f6rledande av hela folk, politisk makt (i apokalyptiskt perspektiv), herrav\u00e4lde \u00f6ver helvetet.<\/p><p><strong>Mytologiskt ursprung<\/strong><\/p><p>Ursprung i hebreisk hovr\u00e4tts-metaforik (Job: \u00e5klagare inf\u00f6r Guds tron). Under det andra tempelt idet fl\u00f6t motivet samman med iranska dualismmotiv (Ahriman). Senare patristisk identifiering med Lucifers fall (Jes 14, ursprungligen polemik mot en babylonisk kung).<\/p><div><p><strong>Patristisk <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den vetenskapliga l\u00e4ran om Gud och en religions tro.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologi<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p>Origenes diskuterar i <em>De principiis<\/em> (ca 230) fr\u00e5gan om Satan slutligen kan bli fr\u00e4lst (l\u00e4ran om <em>apokatastasis<\/em>); denna st\u00e5ndpunkt f\u00f6rkastades senare som <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En trosuppfattning som avviker fr\u00e5n den erk\u00e4nda kyrkliga l\u00e4ran.\" tabindex=\"0\">heresi<\/span>, men har egna linjer i den \u00f6sterkyrkliga traditionen.<\/p><p>Augustinus argumenterar i <em>De civitate Dei<\/em> (XI, XIV) mot den manikeiska dualismen och h\u00e5ller fast vid det ondas ontologiska sekundaritet: Satan \u00e4r inte en konkurrerande gud, utan en fallen varelse vars existens endast \u00e4r m\u00f6jlig som en avsaknad av det goda.<\/p><p>Denna st\u00e5ndpunkt f\u00f6rblir bindande f\u00f6r den katolska <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den vetenskapliga l\u00e4ran om Gud och en religions tro.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologin<\/span>. Den skolastiska f\u00f6rfiningen i <em>Summa Theologiae<\/em> (I, q. 63, 64) systematiserar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"I de abrahamitiska religionerna ett himmelskt s\u00e4ndebud fr\u00e5n Gud.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e4nglal\u00e4ran<\/span> och placerar Satan i toppen av den fallna hierarkin.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Faktablad: Satan<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>De viktigaste aspekterna av Satan i sammanfattning. Utf\u00f6rligare beskrivning av namn, beskrivning, avv\u00e4rjning och paralleller finns i f\u00f6ljande avsnitt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tradition<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fr\u00e5n det hebreiska \u201eanklagare&#8221;-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ett \u00e5terkommande inneh\u00e5llsm\u00e4ssigt element i konst eller ber\u00e4ttelse.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivet<\/span>; senare identifiering med den fallne Lucifer. Under det andra tempelt idet inflytande fr\u00e5n iranska dualismf\u00f6rest\u00e4llningar.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">M\u00e5ltavlor<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Alla m\u00e4nniskor; tyngdpunkt: enskilda i frestelse, folk och politiska makter i apokalyptisk tolkning.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Form<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>NT utan bild. Medeltida: horn, h\u00e4stfot, fladdermusvingar, r\u00f6d\/svart. Dante: treh\u00f6vdad i ispalatset.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verksamhet<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Frestelse, f\u00f6rledande, anklagelse, bedr\u00e4geri. Inflytande snarare \u00e4n brute force. Slutligen \u00f6vervunnen av Kristus.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Avv\u00e4rjningsformer<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sakrament (dop, eukaristi), <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rituell utdrivning av en ande eller demon som uppfattas som skadlig.\" tabindex=\"0\">exorcism<\/span>, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u00e4nniskans spr\u00e5kliga v\u00e4ndning till en gudom.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u00f6n<\/span>, helgon\u00e5kallan, vigvatten, korstecken. Ortodoxa kyrkor med eget exorcismritual.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Besl\u00e4ktade v\u00e4sen<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Azazel (judendomen), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/apophis\/\">Apophis<\/a> (Egypten), Ahriman (zoroastrisk), Iblis (islam), Mara (buddhism).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Avv\u00e4rjning i vardagen<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ritualer f\u00f6r avv\u00e4rjning<\/strong><\/p><p>Dopet som grundl\u00e4ggande skydd (Abrenuntio Diaboli). Regelbunden sakramentspraxis, personlig <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u00e4nniskans spr\u00e5kliga v\u00e4ndning till en gudom.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u00f6n<\/span>, korstecken. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rituell utdrivning av en ande eller demon som uppfattas som skadlig.\" tabindex=\"0\">Exorcism<\/span> vid konstaterad besatthet, i katolska kyrkan fortfarande reglerad genom Rituale Romanum.<\/p><p><strong>Besv\u00e4rjelser<\/strong><\/p><p>Kyrkliga exorcismformler (Rituale Romanum, ortodoxa euchologier), folkliga apotropaia (\u201eVik h\u00e4dan, Satan&#8221;), vardagliga v\u00e4lsignelseformler. I grimoire-traditionen magiska bindningsformler, f\u00f6rd\u00f6mda av kyrkan.<\/p><p><strong>Amuletter och skyddssymboler<\/strong><\/p><p>Kors, krucifix, Benedictusmedaljong med formeln \u201eVade retro Satana&#8221;, Agnus Dei, helgonbilder. Vigvatten som dagligt skyddsmedel.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Satan, paralleller i andra kulturer<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Judisk tradition och f\u00f6rhistoria:<\/strong> Job, Sakarja, ha-satan som \u00e5klagare. Qumran och den apokalyptiska litteraturen radikaliserar gestalten. Azazel som besl\u00e4ktad fallen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"I de abrahamitiska religionerna ett himmelskt s\u00e4ndebud fr\u00e5n Gud.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e4ngel<\/span>.<\/p><p><strong>Islam:<\/strong> Iblis l\u00f6per parallellt med Satan-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ett \u00e5terkommande inneh\u00e5llsligt element i konst eller ber\u00e4ttelse.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivet<\/span>, men \u00e4r strukturellt annorlunda uppfattad (jinn, inte en fallen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"I de abrahamitiska religionerna ett himmelskt s\u00e4ndebud fr\u00e5n Gud.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e4ngel<\/span>). I muslimsk <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den religiositet som levs i vardagen, ofta vid sidan av den officiella l\u00e4ran.\" tabindex=\"0\">folkfromhet<\/span> \u00e4r han en st\u00e4ndig motst\u00e5ndare.<\/p><p><strong>Andra traditioner:<\/strong> Den zoroastriska Ahriman som m\u00f6jlig f\u00f6rebild. Den buddhistiska Mara som frestare vid upplysningens tr\u00e4d. Den egyptiska Apofis som kosmisk kaosfiende.<\/p><div><p><strong>Reformationen och det moderna<\/strong><\/p><p>Under reformationen f\u00e5r Satan en betydande st\u00e4llning i Luthers <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den vetenskapliga l\u00e4ran om Gud och en religions tro.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologi<\/span>. Luthers egna ber\u00e4ttelser om m\u00f6ten med Satan (till exempel episoden med bl\u00e4ckhornskastningen p\u00e5 Wartburg) \u00e4r religionshistoriskt karakteristiska f\u00f6r Satans starka personlighet i den protestantiska diskursen under 1500-talet. Den katolska motreformationen svarar med det utarbetade <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rituell utdrivning av en ande eller demon som uppfattas som skadlig.\" tabindex=\"0\">exorcism<\/span>-apparaten i <em>Rituale Romanum<\/em> (1614).<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>I det moderna (fr\u00e5n 1700-talet) genomg\u00e5r Satan en sekularisering i den litter\u00e4rt-filosofiska traditionen (Milton, <em>Paradise Lost<\/em>, 1667; Goethe, <em>Faust<\/em>, 1808, 1832; Baudelaire, <em>Les Fleurs du Mal<\/em>, 1857), som g\u00f6r honom till en litter\u00e4r topos-figur snarare \u00e4n en teologisk prim\u00e4rfunktion.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpcb31e9f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpcb31e9f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp93c4741 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp93c4741\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c5klagaren i den himmelska hovstaten: Satan i Gamla testamentet<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp952ef1d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp952ef1d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp77d4a38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp77d4a38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Det hebreiska ordet <em>satan<\/em> betyder helt enkelt &#8222;motst\u00e5ndare&#8220;, &#8222;fiende&#8220; eller &#8222;\u00e5klagare&#8220;. Det kan i Gamla testamentet ocks\u00e5 helt allm\u00e4nt beteckna en m\u00e4nsklig motst\u00e5ndare. D\u00e4r det avser en himmelsk gestalt st\u00e5r det oftast med artikel, <em>ha-satan<\/em>, allts\u00e5 &#8222;\u00e5klagaren&#8220;, vilket snarare \u00e4r en funktionsbeteckning \u00e4n ett egennamn.<\/p><p>Det mest k\u00e4nda st\u00e4llet finns i Jobs bok. D\u00e4r framtr\u00e4der <em>ha-satan<\/em> bland &#8222;Guds s\u00f6ner&#8220; som tr\u00e4der fram inf\u00f6r Gud. Han \u00e4r h\u00e4r ingen motgud utan en medlem av den himmelska hovstaten, j\u00e4mf\u00f6rbar med en \u00e5klagartj\u00e4nsteman.<\/p><p>Han tvivlar p\u00e5 att Jobs <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den levda religi\u00f6sa h\u00e5llningen och praktiken hos en m\u00e4nniska.\" tabindex=\"0\">fromhet<\/span> \u00e4r \u00e4kta och f\u00e5r av Gud tillst\u00e5nd att pr\u00f6va den. Satan handlar bara inom de ramar som Gud till\u00e5ter.<\/p><p>Liknande upptr\u00e4der \u00e5klagaren i Sakarjas bok, d\u00e4r han anklagar \u00f6verstepr\u00e4sten Josua inf\u00f6r Herrens <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"I de abrahamitiska religionerna ett himmelskt s\u00e4ndebud fr\u00e5n Gud.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e4ngel<\/span> och avvisas.<\/p><p>En s\u00e4rst\u00e4llning har ett st\u00e4lle i Kr\u00f6nikeboken, som omformulerar en \u00e4ldre ber\u00e4ttelse fr\u00e5n Samuelsboken: D\u00e4r Gud d\u00e4r uppmanar David till en folkr\u00e4kning, \u00e4r det i Kr\u00f6nikeboken en <em>satan<\/em>. Forskningen ser i detta ett tidigt steg att f\u00f6rflytta obehagliga handlingar bort fr\u00e5n Gud till en annan gestalt.<\/p><p>Det b\u00f6r betonas: I den hebreiska <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den samling av heliga skrifter i en religion som erk\u00e4nns som bindande.\" tabindex=\"0\">kanon<\/span> \u00e4r Satan ingen sj\u00e4lvst\u00e4ndig ondskans makt och ingen h\u00e4rskare \u00f6ver ett helvete. Han \u00e4r en underordnad gestalt med en begr\u00e4nsad funktion i den himmelska apparaten. Den senare f\u00f6rest\u00e4llningen om den kosmiske motst\u00e5ndaren till Gud har \u00e4nnu inte utbildats i Gamla testamentet.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb44b7a5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpb44b7a5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7b6294a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp7b6294a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Den mellantestamentliga v\u00e4ndningen: fr\u00e5n \u00e5klagare till m\u00f6rkrets furste<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp07b8ca8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp07b8ca8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp59fbda8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp59fbda8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Den avg\u00f6rande utvecklingen skedde under de \u00e5rhundraden som ligger mellan Gamla och Nya testamentet, i den s\u00e5 kallade mellantestamentliga litteraturen. Under denna tid, pr\u00e4glad av fr\u00e4mmande herrav\u00e4lde och religi\u00f6sa kriser, vann f\u00f6rest\u00e4llningen mark att det goda st\u00e4lls mot en egen ond makt.<\/p><p>Texter som den etiopiska Enoksboken utvecklade ber\u00e4ttelsen om de fallna \u00e4nglarna som reste sig mot den gudomliga ordningen.<\/p><p>D\u00f6dahavsrullarna, texterna fr\u00e5n gemenskapen i Qumran, k\u00e4nner till en gestalt kallad <em>Belial<\/em> eller <em>Beliar<\/em> och en utpr\u00e4glad l\u00e4ra om tv\u00e5 andar, ljusets <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En kroppsl\u00f6s varelse som tillskrivs verkan i v\u00e4rlden.\" tabindex=\"0\">ande<\/span> och m\u00f6rkrets <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En kroppsl\u00f6s varelse som tillskrivs verkan i v\u00e4rlden.\" tabindex=\"0\">ande<\/span>, som k\u00e4mpar om m\u00e4nniskan.<\/p><p>Forskningen diskuterar inflytandet fr\u00e5n den persiska dualismen, som k\u00e4nner till en god och en ond urmakt. Huruvida det skedde en direkt \u00f6vertagning eller en sj\u00e4lvst\u00e4ndig innerjudisk utveckling under yttre tryck \u00e4r omtvistat; mycket talar f\u00f6r ett samspel.<\/p><p>Resultatet blir att en tydligt utvecklad gestalt framtr\u00e4der i Nya testamentet. Satan upptr\u00e4der d\u00e4r som Jesu frestare i \u00f6knen, som &#8222;denna v\u00e4rldens furste&#8220;, som motpart till Guds rike.<\/p><p>Johannes uppenbarelse identifierar honom uttryckligen med &#8222;den gamla ormen&#8220; och draken och skildrar hans slutgiltiga fall. Fr\u00e5n Jobsbokens himmelska \u00e5klagartj\u00e4nsteman har d\u00e4rmed Guds motst\u00e5ndare blivit till, \u00e4ven om han, till skillnad fr\u00e5n den senare folkliga bilden, fortfarande f\u00f6rblir underordnad Guds makt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7b84e2a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp7b84e2a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe3de033 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpe3de033\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hornen och bockfoten: hur dj\u00e4vulen fick sitt utseende<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp14f8fa3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp14f8fa3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7a09c7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp7a09c7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bibeln beskriver inte Satans utseende. Den v\u00e4lk\u00e4nda bilden av dj\u00e4vulen med horn, bockben, svans, h\u00f6gaffel och r\u00f6daktig hud \u00e4r en skapelse av den efterbibliska konsten, framf\u00f6r allt fr\u00e5n medeltiden. Forskningen kan peka p\u00e5 flera k\u00e4llor till denna bild.<\/p><p>En roll spelade \u00f6vertagandet av drag fr\u00e5n f\u00f6rkristna gudomar och naturv\u00e4sen. Den grekiske herdeguden Pan och satyrerna utrustades med horn, bockben och ett vilt v\u00e4sen. N\u00e4r kristendomen fick f\u00e4ste demoniserades s\u00e5dana gestalter, och deras yttre k\u00e4nnetecken \u00f6vergick till dj\u00e4vulen. \u00c4ven faunerna och andra <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ett v\u00e4sen som f\u00f6renar egenskaper fr\u00e5n olika levande varelser.\" tabindex=\"0\">blandv\u00e4sen<\/span> bidrog med byggstenar.<\/p><p>Dessutom fanns bibliska bilder som togs bokstavligt. Liknelsen om den yttersta domen talar om att skilja &#8222;f\u00e5ren&#8220; fr\u00e5n &#8222;getterna&#8220;; bocken blev d\u00e4rmed de f\u00f6rd\u00f6mdas djur.<\/p><p>Helvetets eld f\u00f6rklarade den r\u00f6da f\u00e4rgen och kopplingen till r\u00f6k och beck. Fladdermusvingarna, som ofta skiljer dj\u00e4vulen fr\u00e5n de fj\u00e4derprydda \u00e4nglarna, betonade hans fall och hans omv\u00e4ndning av det \u00e4nglalika.<\/p><p>Den medeltida bildkonsten, fr\u00e5n kyrkoportaler \u00f6ver tympanon och v\u00e4ggm\u00e5lningar till bokm\u00e5lningar, bef\u00e4ste och spred detta bildspr\u00e5k. P\u00e5 teatern, i de andliga spelen, upptr\u00e4dde dj\u00e4vulen i motsvarande kostymer.<\/p><p>Historiskt \u00e4r det viktigt att komma ih\u00e5g: dj\u00e4vulens utseende \u00e4r inget uppenbarat faktum, utan en kulturell produkt, sammansatt av hedniskt arv, bokstavligt tolkade bildord och kyrkans bildtradition.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa425a16 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa425a16\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf4291e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf4291e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Satan i teologihistorien: frestare, straffverkst\u00e4llare, myt<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5068f65 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp5068f65\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3a588a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp3a588a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Den teologiska tolkningen av Satan har aldrig varit enhetlig. Redan kyrkof\u00e4derna brottades med fr\u00e5gan var det onda kommer ifr\u00e5n, om Gud \u00e4r god och har skapat allt.<\/p><p>Ett vanligt svar var att Satan ursprungligen var en god <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"I de abrahamitiska religionerna ett himmelskt s\u00e4ndebud fr\u00e5n Gud.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e4ngel<\/span> som f\u00f6ll genom h\u00f6gmod och ett fritt beslut; det onda vore d\u00e5 inget eget varande, utan en brist p\u00e5 gott. Denna linje, som s\u00e4rskilt f\u00f6rknippas med Augustinus, pr\u00e4glade den v\u00e4stliga <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den vetenskapliga l\u00e4ran om Gud och om en religions tro.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologin<\/span> under \u00e5rhundraden.<\/p><p>Under medeltiden vidareutvecklades l\u00e4ran, bland annat av Thomas av Aquino, som systematiskt behandlade \u00e4nglanaturen och \u00e4nglafallet. Samtidigt fick en betydligt mer konkret och drastisk bild av Satan allt st\u00f6rre vikt inom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den religiositet som levs i vardagen, ofta vid sidan av den officiella l\u00e4ran.\" tabindex=\"0\">folkfrommheten<\/span> och i praktiken av <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rituell utdrivning av en ande eller demon som uppfattas som skadlig.\" tabindex=\"0\">exorcism<\/span> och senare h\u00e4xf\u00f6rf\u00f6ljelser, vilket ofta \u00f6verskuggade de mer nyktra teologiska utsagorna.<\/p><p>Reformatorerna, framf\u00f6r allt Martin Luther, talade mycket direkt och personligt om dj\u00e4vulen som en verklig motst\u00e5ndare till tron. I den moderna tiden, framf\u00f6r allt sedan upplysningen, inleddes d\u00e4remot en kritisk distansering. M\u00e5nga teologer tolkade Satan alltmer som ett symboliskt eller mytologiskt uttryck f\u00f6r det ondas makt, inte som ett personligt v\u00e4sen.<\/p><p>Inom den samtida <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den vetenskapliga l\u00e4ran om Gud och om en religions tro.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologin<\/span> finns b\u00e5da uppfattningarna sida vid sida, fr\u00e5n ett fasth\u00e5llande vid en personlig ond makt till en genomg\u00e5ende symbolisk tolkning.<\/p><p>Vetenskapligt kan denna fr\u00e5ga inte avg\u00f6ras; kvar st\u00e5r endast det historiska konstaterandet att Satan, i en l\u00e5ng och m\u00e5ngst\u00e4mmig tolkningshistoria, har antagit mycket olika gestalter, fr\u00e5n himmelsk \u00e5klagare \u00f6ver m\u00f6rkrets furste till teologiskt tvistebegrepp.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vidare l\u00e4nkar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rekommenderade interna l\u00e4nkar:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/kristendomen\/\">Kristendom<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/lucifer\/\">Lucifer<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/beelzebub\/\">Beelzebub<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/leviathan\/\">Leviatan<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/legion-besatthet-och-kollektiva-demoner\/\">Legion<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/azazel\/\">Azazel<\/a> (f\u00f6rhistoria)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sv\/apophis\/\">Apofis<\/a> (strukturell parallell)<\/li><li><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rituell utdrivning av en ande eller demon som uppfattas som skadlig.\" tabindex=\"0\">Exorcism<\/span> och ritualer<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Litteratur (urval)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Ett urval av centrala verk om Satan och kristen demonologi:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Russell, Jeffrey Burton: <em>Satan. The Early Christian Tradition<\/em>. Ithaca 1981 (4-bandigt standardverk).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Pagels, Elaine: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/originofsatan00page\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Origin of Satan<\/a><\/em>. New York 1995.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Forsyth, Neil: <em>The Old Enemy. Satan and the Combat Myth<\/em>. Princeton 1987.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Kelly, Henry Ansgar: <em>Satan. A Biography<\/em>. Cambridge 2006.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Ratzinger, Joseph \/ Messori, Vittorio: <em>Zur Lage des Glaubens<\/em>. M\u00fcnchen 1985 (teologiska st\u00e5ndpunkter).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd92fee e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fd92fee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-441e49a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"441e49a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>Vanliga fr\u00e5gor om Satan<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Vem \u00e4r Satan i den judisk-kristna traditionen?<\/h3><p>Satan (hebreiska ha-Satan, anklagaren) \u00e4r i den hebreiska bibeln inledningsvis inte Guds motst\u00e5ndare, utan en gudomlig hovtj\u00e4nare som pr\u00f6var m\u00e4nniskor, som i Jobs bok.<\/p><p>F\u00f6rst i den tidigjudiska apokalyptiken och i Nya testamentet blir Satan Guds motst\u00e5ndare och ledare f\u00f6r de fallna <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"I de abrahamitiska religionerna en himmelsk budb\u00e4rare som tillh\u00f6r Gud.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e4nglarna<\/span>. Under den kristna medeltiden sm\u00e4lte gestalten samman med olika demonf\u00f6rest\u00e4llningar till det personifierade onda.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Vad \u00e4r skillnaden mellan Satan, Lucifer och dj\u00e4vulen?<\/h3><p>De tre begreppen har olika r\u00f6tter: Satan kommer fr\u00e5n hebreiskan (anklagaren), Lucifer fr\u00e5n latinet (ljusb\u00e4raren, egentligen morgonstj\u00e4rnan Venus) och dj\u00e4vulen fr\u00e5n grekiskans diabolos (f\u00f6rtalaren).<\/p><p>F\u00f6rst under den medeltida <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den vetenskapliga l\u00e4ran om Gud och om en religions tro.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologin<\/span> sm\u00e4lte alla tre samman till en gestalt, den fallne \u00e4rke\u00e4ngeln som gjorde uppror mot Gud. I den moderna <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den vetenskapliga l\u00e4ran om Gud och om en religions tro.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologin<\/span> behandlas begreppen \u00e5ter mer differentierat.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Vem \u00e4r Satan i den judisk-kristna traditionen?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Satan (hebreiska ha-Satan, anklagaren) \u00e4r i den hebreiska bibeln inledningsvis inte Guds motst\u00e5ndare, utan en gudomlig hovtj\u00e4nare som pr\u00f6var m\u00e4nniskor, som i Jobs bok.F\u00f6rst i den tidigjudiska apokalyptiken och i Nya testamentet blir Satan Guds motst\u00e5ndare och ledare f\u00f6r de fallna \u00e4nglarna. 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I den moderna teologin behandlas begreppen \u00e5ter mer differentierat.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1568,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Satan motst\u00e5ndare","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Satan - Motst\u00e5ndaren, huvudgestalt inom kristen demonologi","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Satan \u00e4r den kristna traditionens centrala motst\u00e5ndarfigur. 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