{"id":155336,"date":"2026-09-04T20:16:39","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T20:16:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=155336"},"modified":"2026-09-04T20:41:41","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T20:41:41","slug":"maitreja","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/maitreja\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0430"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"155336\" class=\"elementor elementor-155336 elementor-3037 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-565f009 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"565f009\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c355bb0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c355bb0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b22bc77 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b22bc77\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e2c8e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8e2c8e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0430, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u045b\u0438 \u0411\u0443\u0434\u0430<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9b07e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d9b07e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0430 \u0458\u0435 \u0443 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0443 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u045b\u0438 \u0411\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0438 \u045b\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0458\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0417\u0435\u043c\u0459\u0438 \u0443 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u045a\u0435. \u040a\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435 (\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442 Maitreya, \u043f\u0430\u043b\u0438 Metteyya) \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435 \u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438 maitri, \u0441\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433 \u0438\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0443 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elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"791c771\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_maitreya-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-156921\" alt=\"\u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0430 \u2013 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0435, \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0438\u043b\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_maitreya-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_maitreya-200x300.webp 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data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ba080b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ba080b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0422\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03871ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"03871ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0447\u0435\u045a\u0443, \u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0443 \u0422\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0443, 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data-id=\"043bdc9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2e29c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e2e29c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0418\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0458\u0430<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87e5925 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"87e5925\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435je \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0458\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0458\u0435 \u043e\u0434 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0411\u0443\u0434\u0430. \u0427\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0458\u0435 \u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043f\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0441-\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0430ju, \u0432\u0435\u045b \u0443 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0434\u0435\u045b\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0443 (bhadrasana, \u00ab\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0459\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0434\u00bb) \u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0435, \u0448\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u045a\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0443\u0458\u0435 \u043d\u0430 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\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0458\u0435 \u0433\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043e \u0443\u0445\u0440\u0430ne\u043d\u043e\u0433, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043c\u0435j\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0433 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u0441 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0431\u043e\u043c. \u0422\u043e \u0458\u0435 \u0411\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0425\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0438, \u043a\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u0437 10. \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u043a\u043ej\u0430 j\u0435 \u0438\u0437j\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435j\u043e\u043c.<\/p><p>\u0415\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0434 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 (\u00abDer Buddhismus\u00bb, \u0428\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0442 1953) \u043d\u0430\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0430 j\u0435 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\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438j\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u045a\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u043ej\u0430\u0432liv\u0430nj\u0430. \u0423 \u0426\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438-\u0441\u0438\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430-\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438nj\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0431\u0440\u043ej \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438j\u0430, \u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0458\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0430 5.670.000.000 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0428\u0430\u043aj\u0430\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0458\u0430.<\/p><p>\u041e\u0432\u0435 \u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0458\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443j\u0443 \u0434\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435j\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432lja \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e \u0430\u043a\u0443\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430nj\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0448\u043a\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0443: \u0443\u0447\u0435nj\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u045b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0448\u0447\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0438, \u0434\u043e\u045b\u0438 \u045b\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0411\u0443\u0434\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>\u0423 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430, \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433 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\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0433ske \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0435 (14. \u0434\u043e 17. \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430) \u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u0443 \u0438\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043caj\u0442\u0440\u0435ja\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0435.<\/p><p>\u0415\u0440\u0438\u043a \u0426\u0438\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0440 j\u0435 \u0443 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0443 \u00abThe Buddhist Conquest of China\u00bb (\u041bajden 1959) \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043e \u0434\u0430 j\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438j\u0430 \u0443 \u041a\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0437\u0431\u0438j\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u041caj\u0442\u0440\u0435j\u0438\u043d <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0423\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430 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class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435j\u0430 \u0443 \u0418\u043d\u0434\u0438j\u0438 \u0438 \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434njoj \u0410\u0437\u0438j\u0438<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35502f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"35502f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0423 \u0418\u043d\u0434\u0438j\u0438 j\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0430 \u041caj\u0442\u0440\u0435je \u0438\u0437 \u0413\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0435 (1. \u0434\u043e 4. \u0432\u0435\u043a) \u0438 \u0413\u0443\u043f\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0430 (4. \u0434\u043e 6. \u0432\u0435\u043a). \u041c\u043e\u043d\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442a\u043b\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u0443\u043b\u043f\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u041caj\u0442\u0440\u0435j\u0435 \u0443 \u0411\u0430\u043c\u0438j\u0430\u043d\u0443 (\u0410\u0444\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d), \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043ejeg \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0448\u0442\u0435nj\u0430 2001. \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435 j\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430j\u0432\u0435\u045b\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043eje\u045b\u0438\u0445 \u0411\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0430 \u0443 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0443, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432lj\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u0443, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u045b\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0438\u0448ljeneju, \u041caj\u0442\u0440\u0435j\u0443, \u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430 j\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438j\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0430.<\/p><p>\u0423 \u043f\u0435\u045b\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434nje \u0410\u0437\u0438j\u0435, \u043e\u0434 \u041a\u0443\u0447\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u0414\u0443nh\u0443a\u043d\u0433\u0430, \u041caj\u0442\u0440\u0435j\u0430 j\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432; \u043e\u043d \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0431\u043e\u043bizuje \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438\u0445 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430 \u043a\u043ej\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0437\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430nj\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0433 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/span> \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u045b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0452\u0435nj\u0435 \u0443 \u0422\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c6de72 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5c6de72\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-074efa9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"074efa9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0410\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u0438 \u041caj\u0442\u0440\u0435j\u0438\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0435nj\u0435<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eff46de elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eff46de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Filozofsko-istorijski zna\u010dajna tradicija povezuje indijskog joga\u010dara-u\u010ditelja Asangu (4. vek nove ere) direktno sa Maitrejom. Prema hagiografskoj <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Preno\u0161enje znanja i pri\u010da kroz generacije.\" tabindex=\"0\">predaji<\/span>, Asanga je godinama meditiraju\u0107i dosegao Tu\u0161ita-nebo i tamo od samog Maitreje primio pet temeljnih u\u010diteljskih tekstova.<\/p><p>Ovih \u00abpet Maitrejinih tekstova\u00bb (Abhisamajalankara, Mahajanasutralankara, Madhjantavibhaga, Dharmadharmatavibhaga, Ratnagotravibhaga) \u010dini <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Zbirka spisa jedne religije koja je priznata kao obavezuju\u0107a.\" tabindex=\"0\">kanon<\/span> joga\u010dare i u Tibetu je do danas osnova mona\u0161kog obrazovanja.<\/p><p>Nau\u010dno je ovo autorstvo osporeno, tekstovi se u zapadnoj istra\u017eiva\u010dkoj literaturi pripisuju Asangi ili istorijskom u\u010ditelju po imenu Maitrejanata. David Sejfort Ruegg je u delu \u00abThe Literature of the Madhyamaka School\u00bb (Wiesbaden 1981) i u narednim studijama detaljno obradio ovo pitanje.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf8cf39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cf8cf39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98211f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"98211f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Maitreja u modernom budizmu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86b75d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"86b75d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>U 19. i 20. veku Maitreja igra ulogu u nekoliko novijih religijskih pokreta. Teozofsko dru\u0161tvo Helene Blavatski tvrdilo je da postoji direktna veza sa \u00abU\u010diteljem Maitrejom\u00bb, \u0161to se u nau\u010dnoj istoriji religije ne smatra nastavkom budisti\u010dke linije.<\/p><p>Vijetnamski Cao Dai <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Spajanje predstava ili bo\u017eanstava iz razli\u010ditih religijskih tradicija.\" tabindex=\"0\">sinkretizam<\/span> uklopio je Maitreju u novoreligijski <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ukupnost bogova jedne religije ili kulture.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteon<\/span>. Na Zapadu je ova figura postala poznata od 1980-ih zahvaljuju\u0107i Ben\u017eaminu Kremu, koji je proglasio Maitrejin skora\u0161nji dolazak; i ovu tvrdnju akademsko istra\u017eivanje budizma ne prihvata kao <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ono \u0161to pripada priznatom, obavezuju\u0107em korpusu spisa jedne religije.\" tabindex=\"0\">kanonsku<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa5692e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aa5692e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c95f55 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5c95f55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Relig\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0adad83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0adad83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Maitreja povezuje dve funkcije koje su u drugim religijama obi\u010dno razdvojene: ulogu mesijanskog spasitelja i kosmolo\u0161ku garanciju kontinuiteta u\u010denja. Ana Lekornu je u delu \u00abEschatology in the Buddhist Tradition\u00bb (Pariz 2007) pokazala da budisti\u010dko o\u010dekivanje ne poznaje jedinstveni doga\u0111aj kraja vremena, ve\u0107 je uklopljeno u cikli\u010dna svetska doba.<\/p><p>Maitreja, prema tome, nije \u00abkraj istorije\u00bb, ve\u0107 po\u010detak novog ciklusa. Ova strukturna razlika u odnosu na avramske religije zanimljiva je sa stanovi\u0161ta fenomenologije religije, jer pokazuje kako cikli\u010dna <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Predstava o strukturi i poretku sveta unutar jedne kulture.\" tabindex=\"0\">kosmologija<\/span> mo\u017ee druga\u010dije organizovati nadu u spasenje.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5d2984 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c5d2984\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88353a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"88353a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0418\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a021c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8a021c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Primarni izvori: Cakkavatti-Sihanada-Sutta (Digha Nikaya 26); Anagatavamsa; Maitreyavyakarana; Saddharmapundarika-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"U hinduizmu i budizmu, u\u010diteljski tekst u kratkoj formi.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> (Lotos-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"U hinduizmu i budizmu, u\u010diteljski tekst u kratkoj formi.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span>); Maitreyasamiti; \u00abpet Maitrejinih tekstova\u00bb (Abhisamajalankara, Mahajanasutralankara, Madhjantavibhaga, Dharmadharmatavibhaga, Ratnagotravibhaga).<\/p>\n<p>Sekundarna literatura: Edvard Konze, \u00abDer Buddhismus\u00bb, Stuttgart 1953; Klaus-Josef Notz, \u00abBuddhismus\u00bb, Stuttgart 2002; Erik Cirher, \u00abThe Buddhist Conquest of China\u00bb, Leiden 1959; David Sejfort Ruegg, \u00abThe Literature of the Madhyamaka School\u00bb, Wiesbaden 1981; Ana Lekornu, \u00abEschatology in the Buddhist Tradition\u00bb, Pariz 2007; Robert Buswell i Donald Lopez, \u00abPrinceton Dictionary of Buddhism\u00bb, Princeton 2014.<\/p><\/div><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc9c3fa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bc9c3fa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-430353f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"430353f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Maitreja u istoriji umetnosti<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a09f95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a09f95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Prikazivanje Maitreje spada u najstarije ikonografske programe budizma. Ve\u0107 u umetnosti Gandare (1. do 3. vek nove ere) Maitreja se mo\u017ee jasno prepoznati, \u010desto po malom stupa-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak koji predstavlja neku ideju ili zna\u010denje.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbolu<\/span> na \u010dvoru kose i po polo\u017eaju u redovima Buda.<\/p><p>U umetnosti Matura iz doba Ku\u0161ana javlja se sa vr\u010dem za vodu (kundika), atributom koji upu\u0107uje na njegovo predbudisti\u010dko bramansko obrazovanje.<\/p><p>U kineskoj skulpturi iz doba Severne Vei dinastije (386. do 534. godine nove ere) monumentalne statue Maitreje glavni su element pe\u0107ina Jungang, ovde u tipi\u010dnoj \u00abzami\u0161ljenoj\u00bb pozi sa podupretom glavom, koja je kasnije, pre svega u Koreji i Japanu, postala kanonski oblik Maitreje-bodisatve.<\/p><p>Poznata korejska skulptura Maitreje, Nacionalno blago br. 78 (6. do 7. vek), smatra se jednim od najzna\u010dajnijih dela isto\u010dnoazijske budisti\u010dke umetnosti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-386949e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"386949e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25380c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"25380c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Budai i isto\u010dnoazijski narodni oblik<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4899fe9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4899fe9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nasmejani, puna\u010dak monah, poznat u zapadnim azijskim restoranima kao \u00abBuda sre\u0107e\u00bb, ikonografski je Budai (u Japanu Hotei). Ovaj Budai je bio istorijska li\u010dnost, putuju\u0107i monah iz 9. do 10. veka u provinciji Cje\u0111ijang. Tek posthumno je identifikovan sa Maitrejom.<\/p><p>Ova identifikacija je \u010dvrsto uspostavljena u \u010dan-budizmu doba Song dinastije, dok je u Indiji i klasi\u010dnom mahajanskom budizmu bila nepoznata. U Isto\u010dnoj Aziji Budai se postavlja na ulazu mnogih <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gra\u0111evina posve\u0107ena obo\u017eavanju jednog ili vi\u0161e bo\u017eanstava.\" tabindex=\"0\">hramova<\/span>, njegov smeh i otvoren telesni stav treba da do\u010dekaju posetioce. Zabuna sa \u0160akjamunijem u zapadnim kontekstima ikonografski je neosnovana, ali kulturno-istorijski veoma ra\u0161irena.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4a2143 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f4a2143\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-531c348 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"531c348\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Maitreja u Mongolskom carstvu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-baf6c7d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"baf6c7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Va\u017ena faza obo\u017eavanja Maitreje bila je epoha dinastije Juan (1271. do 1368). Mongolski osvaja\u010di bili su uglavnom skloni tibetanskoj vad\u017erajani, a neki hanovi su se progla\u0161avali inkarnacijama Maitreje. Kasniji roman \u00abInvestitura bogova\u00bb jo\u0161 odra\u017eava tragove ove konstelacije, u kojoj se politi\u010dka mo\u0107 legitimisala identifikacijom sa budu\u0107im Budom.<\/p><p>U samoj Mongoliji obo\u017eavanje Maitreje o\u010duvalo se do danas. Maidari Hural (Maitrejin praznik) leti je jedan od najva\u017enijih religijskih praznika mongolskih budista, sa procesijama u kojima se statua Maitreje nosi oko manastira.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-626fe9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"626fe9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9c5670 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f9c5670\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Maitreja u teravadi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa9483a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aa9483a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0423 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\u045a\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u043e\u0458\u0430\u0432\u0459\u0438\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0458\u0443 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0448\u045a\u0435\u0433 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u0434\u0445\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0435 \u0443\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0459\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0458\u0435 \u0443 Cakkavatti-Sihanada-Sutta \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u045a\u0435 \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0438.<\/p><p>\u0423 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0458\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043a\u0430\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0434\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0452\u0435\u045a\u0435 \u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430 \u041c\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0458\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u045b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0459\u0435\u045a\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438. \u041e\u0432\u043e \u0458\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0448\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0438 \u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0452\u0443\u0458\u0443\u045b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0435\u045b\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0458\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0446\u0435.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-405a617 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"405a617\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-173e195 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"173e195\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0410\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u0438 \u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0458\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2779511 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2779511\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0410\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0430 (\u043e\u043a\u043e 4. \u0434\u043e 5. \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0435\u0440\u0435) \u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0458\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0440\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0445\u0430\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0458 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0438, \u043e\u043d \u0458\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0442 \u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0459\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 (\u0442\u0437\u0432. \u201e\u041f\u0435\u0442 \u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u045a\u0430\u201c) \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0437 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u0443 \u0422\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0443.<\/p><p>\u0422\u043e \u0441\u0443: \u0410\u0431\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0430\u044f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430 (\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441 \u0458\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0458\u0435), \u041c\u0430\u0445\u0430\u044f\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430 (\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441 \u043c\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0458\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438), \u041c\u0430\u0434\u0445\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0431\u0445\u0430\u0433\u0430 (\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0458\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438), \u0414\u0445\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0445\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0431\u0445\u0430\u0433\u0430 (\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u0434\u0445\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u0445\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435) \u0438 \u0420\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0431\u0445\u0430\u0433\u0430 (\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0443\u0459\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043e \u0423\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430).<\/p><p>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0430\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0458\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e. \u0415\u0440\u0438\u0445 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0440 (\u201eDie Philosophie des Buddhismus\u201c, Berlin 1956) \u0458\u0435 \u0442\u0432\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0458\u043c\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0443 \u043e\u0434 \u0410\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u045a\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0443\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0445\u0443\u0430, \u0434\u043e\u043a \u0441\u0435 \u0410\u0431\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0430\u044f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0458\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c \u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438.<\/p><p>\u0422\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0458\u0435 \u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0443\u043c \u0443 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac47ed1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ac47ed1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b94b048 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b94b048\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0420\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0431\u0445\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u045a\u0435 \u043e \u0442\u0430\u0442\u0445\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0431\u0445\u0438<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc9a183 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cc9a183\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0420\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0431\u0445\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u0458\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0458\u043d\u0430 \u0458\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u045a\u0435 \u043e \u201e\u0411\u0443\u0434\u0430-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u201c (\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0445\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0431\u0445\u0430). \u0423\u0447\u0435\u045a\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u045b\u0430 \u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0435 \u201e\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0443\u201c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0458\u0430\u045a\u0430 \u0411\u0443\u0434\u043e\u043c.<\/p><p>\u041e\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0430 \u0458\u0435 \u0443 \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0458 \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0458\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0459 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0438, \u0437\u0435\u043d \u0438 \u0445\u0443\u0430-\u0458\u0435\u043d. David Seyfort Ruegg (\u201eLa th\u00e9orie du tathagatagarbha et du gotra\u201c, Paris 1969) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0459\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0458\u0443 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0435.<\/p><p>\u041e\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0458\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u045a\u0435 \u043e \u0442\u0430\u0442\u0445\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0431\u0445\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0459\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0458 \u043c\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0458\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0438 \u0458\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0446\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043c \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0458\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0440\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u045a\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0438 \u0443 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443 \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0448\u043a\u0443 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0443: \u0434\u0430\u0458\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u045a\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0458\u0432\u0438\u0448\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u045b\u0443 \u0430\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0437 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441 \u0438\u0437 \u0422\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0430.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9092f6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c9092f6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ea1560 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ea1560\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0443 \u0443 \u043a\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0458 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0438<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd0b1d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dd0b1d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u041e\u0447\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0448\u045a\u0435\u0433 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0435 \u0443 \u041a\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0458\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435. \u0423 6. \u0438 7. \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0458\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u0443 \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0458\u0438 \u0441\u0443 \u0432\u043e\u0452\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0459\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043e \u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0435.<\/p><p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0458\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0424\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 (515. \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0435\u0440\u0435), \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043e \u201e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0452\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0411\u0443\u0434\u043e\u043c\u201c \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435 \u0412\u0435\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0458\u0435. \u0423 \u041c\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u0408\u0443\u0430\u043d (13. \u0434\u043e 14. \u0432\u0435\u043a) \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043e \u0458\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u0411\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0430 (Bailianjiao), \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0438 \u0458\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0458\u0430\u043e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0435 \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c.<\/p><p>\u0418\u0437 \u0442\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430\u043e \u0458\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043a \u0426\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0438 \u0458\u0435 1368. \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043e \u0434\u043e \u0443\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0459\u0430\u045a\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0433.<\/p><p>\u0425\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u0421\u0435\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442 (\u201ePopular Religious Movements and Heterodox Sects in Chinese History\u201c, Leiden 2003) \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0432\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0445\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0444\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d \u043a\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0435. \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0441\u0443\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0458\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0458\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0438 \u0441\u0443 \u0458\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0448\u0442\u043e \u0458\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u045a\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0440\u0443\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u045b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39be5cb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"39be5cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95ef9b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"95ef9b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0430 \u0443 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0438<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cf188c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0cf188c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0423 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0438 \u0458\u0435 \u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0430 (\u041c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u043a) \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0443 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0443. \u0420\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u0445\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0433 \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430 \u0421\u0438\u043b\u0430 (4. \u0434\u043e 10. \u0432\u0435\u043a) \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u043e \u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0435. \u0422\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 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\u0411\u043e\u043f\u0447\u0443-\u0441\u0430 (33 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430, \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u045a\u0443\u0458\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0443), \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0447\u0435 \u043e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0458\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u045a\u0443.<\/p><p>\u0423 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430 \u0427\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043d (1392\u20131910) \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u0443 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430 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e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8d4006f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d88ac7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7d88ac7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435 \u043a\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0430<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6736be7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6736be7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0423 \u043a\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043a\u043e\u043c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u041e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0458\u0443\u045b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0435.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u043a\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0443<\/span> (\u0422\u0430\u0439\u0448\u043e-\u0422\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430) \u0441\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0458\u0435 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438. \u0422\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0434 \u045a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0458\u0443 \u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0438\u043d\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0452\u0435\u045a\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0459\u0435\u045a\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u045b\u0435\u0433 \u0411\u0443\u0434\u0435 (\u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0430-\u0412\u044c\u044f\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430), \u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0452\u0435\u045a\u0435 \u0443 \u0422\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0443. \u041d\u0430\u0458\u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0458\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0458\u0435 \u201e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0423 \u0445\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0443 \u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0459\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0443 \u0441\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0421\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0430<\/span> \u043e \u0440\u043e\u0452\u0435\u045a\u0443 \u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0435 \u0443 \u0422\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0443\u201c (Mile shangsheng jing), \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0443 \u0458\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043e \u0414\u0436\u044e\u043a\u0443 \u0414\u0436\u0438\u043d\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0433 \u0443 5. \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0443.<\/p><p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u201e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0423 \u0445\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0443 \u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0459\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0443 \u0441\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0421\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0430<\/span> \u043e \u0440\u043e\u0452\u0435\u045a\u0443 \u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0435 \u0443 \u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0443\u201c (Mile xiasheng jing) \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0458\u0435 \u045a\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a. \u041e\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0458\u0443 \u0443 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0435 \u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435.<\/p><p>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0459\u043d\u043e \u0458\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0430 Jan Nattier (\u201eOnce Upon a Future Time\u201c, Berkeley 1991). \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0458\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0458\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0435\u0441\u0445\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0448\u043a\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0458\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0458\u0435\u0432\u0435.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c640ddd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c640ddd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2848919 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2848919\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0411\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0458\u0430\u043d\u0430<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df6e691 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"df6e691\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0411\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0411\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0458\u0430\u043d\u0430 (\u0410\u0432\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d, 6. \u0432\u0435\u043a \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0435\u0440\u0435), \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0435 \u0441\u0443 \u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0443 2001. \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435, \u0434\u0443\u0433o \u0441\u0443 \u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0411\u0443\u0434\u0435 \u0428\u0430\u043a\u0458\u0430\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0458\u0430. \u041d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0430, \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0414\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u041a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433-\u0421\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0435\u0440 (\u201eThe Kingdom of Bamiyan\u201c, Napulj 1989), \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0458\u0443 \u0434\u0430 \u0458\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u045b\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0430 (53 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0459\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0411\u0443\u0434\u0443 \u0412\u0430\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0443, \u0430 \u043c\u0430\u045a\u0430 (35 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430) \u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0443.<\/p><p>\u041e\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0459\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0438 \u0441\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0459\u0438\u0432\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0437\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0443\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0445\u043ex\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u041a\u0441\u0443\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0430 (7. \u0432\u0435\u043a), \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0438 \u0458\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043e. \u040a\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0433\u0443\u0431\u0459\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0458\u0435 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0434 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0448\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u045a\u043e\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0458\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0443 \u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0435.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b31477e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b31477e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ecb355 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9ecb355\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0427\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0459\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u045a\u0430<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9206f1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9206f1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u0414\u0430 \u043b\u0438 \u0458\u0435 \u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u045b \u0440\u043e\u0452\u0435\u043d?<\/strong> \u041f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0447\u0435\u045a\u0443, \u043d\u0435. \u041e\u043d \u0441\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0443 \u0422\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0447\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0458\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0458\u0430\u0432\u0459\u0438\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0443. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e \u0445\u0438\u0459\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0458\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0433 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0443\u0442\u043a\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e \u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0435 \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0458\u0435 \u043e\u0434 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0411\u0443\u0434\u0430? \u041d\u0430\u0458\u0447\u0435\u0448\u045b\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0434\u0435\u045b\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0430ju \u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0443\u0448\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0435, \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0447\u0430\u0433\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443 (\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0430) \u0443 \u0440\u0443\u0446\u0438. \u0423 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0458\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0458\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043c, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043c\u0435\u0458\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0411\u0443\u0434\u0430j\u0435\u043c (Budai).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041a\u0430\u043a\u0432\u0443 \u0432\u0435\u0437\u0443 \u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u0430 \u0410\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0433\u043e\u043c?<\/strong> \u0408\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0459 \u0410\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0430 (4. \u0432\u0435\u043a) \u0458\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u045a\u0443, \u043d\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u043e \u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0443 \u0422\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0434 \u045a\u0435\u0433\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0459\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u045a\u0430. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0430, \u043c\u0435\u0452\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043c, \u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0458\u0443 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0410\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0459\u0443 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443 \u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435j\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0445\u0430.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0414\u0430 \u043b\u0438 \u0458\u0435 \u0443 \u041a\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0458\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0443?<\/strong> \u0412\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430. \u041e\u0434 6. \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0459\u0435 \u0458\u0430\u0432\u0459\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0443 \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0459\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0438 \u0441\u0443 \u043d\u0430j\u0430\u0432\u0459\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0440\u0437\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043a \u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435j\u0435. \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043a \u0411\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0408\u0443\u0430\u043d \u0438 \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0431\u0438\u043e \u0458\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0458\u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0458\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0435.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3275,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"\u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0430","_yoast_wpseo_title":"\u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0430 \u2013 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u045b\u0438 \u0411\u0443\u0434\u0430 | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"\u041c\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0458\u0430 \u0458\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u045b\u0438 \u0411\u0443\u0434\u0430, \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0435\u045b\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u0422\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0430 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