{"id":155333,"date":"2026-09-04T20:16:38","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T20:16:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=155333"},"modified":"2026-09-04T20:41:36","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T20:41:36","slug":"sventovid","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/sventovid\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0421\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"155333\" class=\"elementor elementor-155333 elementor-3034 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a6ca0a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6a6ca0a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44c5de4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"44c5de4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2310235 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2310235\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b843a02 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b843a02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0421\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434, \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u0433 \u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a65a288 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a65a288\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0421\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434 \u0458\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u0433 \u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0441\u0443 \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0443 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0452\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0443 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433 \u0438\u043b\u0438 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tabindex=\"0\">\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<\/span> \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043f\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433 \u0438 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043a\u043e-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0433 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u045a\u0435\u0433 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0458\u0438 \u0441\u0443 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0452\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0443 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433 \u0438\u043b\u0438 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1168. \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0432\u0443 \u0420\u0438\u0433\u0435\u043d \u0443 \u0410\u0440\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0438. \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0448\u0442\u0435\u045a\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0435 \u0458\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0459 \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0440 I \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0452\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0458\u0431\u043e\u0459\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0452\u0430\u0458\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0435. \u0421\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434 \u0458\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u043e \u0431\u043e\u0433 \u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0431\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0420\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0432\u0430 \u0420\u0438\u0433\u0435\u043d.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85fe1e7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"85fe1e7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc0d3fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"cc0d3fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bog \/ boginja: Personifikovana najvi\u0161a mo\u0107 u panteonu neke kulture, sa jasnim nadle\u017enostima \u2014 sile prirode, sudbina, rat, plodnost. Po\u0161tovan kroz kultove, \u017ertve i hramske institucije.\">Bog<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/slovensko\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Slovenska mitologija i narodna religija, hri\u0161\u0107anski nadslojena od 10. veka.\">Slovenski<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c68ed40 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c68ed40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f27fb4 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1f27fb4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;\\u041d\\u0430 \\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0458 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0446\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0438\\u0441\\u0443 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u043d\\u0430\\u0452\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0441\\u043b\\u043e\\u0432\\u0438.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0421\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0458\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1f27fb4\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1f27fb4\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1f27fb4\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f58836f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f58836f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbefaff iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"dbefaff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_slawisch_sventovid-1-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-156926\" alt=\"Svetovid - bo\u017eanstva iz slovenske tradicije, istorijsko-ilustrativno\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_slawisch_sventovid-1-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_slawisch_sventovid-1-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_slawisch_sventovid-1-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_slawisch_sventovid-1.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad97c2d e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ad97c2d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26dce64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26dce64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5983496 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5983496\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0418\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u045a\u0430\u045a\u0430<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22244d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22244d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u041d\u0430\u0458\u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0458\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u043e \u0421\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443 \u0458\u0435 \u00abGesta Danorum\u00bb \u0421\u0430\u043a\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0413\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 (\u043e\u043a\u043e 1200), \u043a\u045a\u0438\u0433\u0430 XIV, \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0459\u0435 39, \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0458\u043e\u0458 \u0458\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0459\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0161ko \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0458\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u0410\u0440\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435 1168. \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435. \u0421\u0430\u043a\u0441\u043e\u043d, \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0438 \u0458\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0448\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0446\u0435, \u0434\u0430\u0458\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0459\u0430\u043d \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0435 \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0435.<\/p><p>\u041e\u0432\u0430\u0458 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u0458\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430: \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0458\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043a \u0434\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0452\u0430\u0458\u0438\u043c\u0430, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0438 \u0441\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0443 \u0438 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0452\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0443 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043c<\/span> \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0447\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0448\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0443 \u0438\u0445 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0448\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u0458\u0435 \u00abChronica Slavorum\u00bb \u0425\u0435\u043b\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0411\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0443\u0430 (\u043e\u043a\u043e 1170), \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0430 \u0458\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0458\u0430\u045a\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u045a\u0430.<\/p><p>\u0425\u0435\u043b\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0434 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0458\u0435 \u0421\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043e \u00ab\u043d\u0430\u0458\u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0458\u0435\u0433 \u043c\u0435\u0452\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0430\u00bb, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0441\u0443 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438. \u0422\u0440\u0435\u045b\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u0458\u0435 \u00abKnytlinga saga\u00bb (13. \u0432\u0435\u043a), \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0459\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u0433\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0452\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u043e \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0458\u0430\u045a\u0443 \u0410\u0440\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u0430\u0459\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u045a\u0430\u045a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0410\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0411\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433 (\u00abGesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum\u00bb, 1075), \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0422\u0445\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u041c\u0435\u0440\u0437\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0430 (\u043e \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0458 \u0444\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043f\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0438\u0437\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430) \u0438 \u0443 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043c\u0430 12. \u0438 13. \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a749920 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a749920\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f33a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f33a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0425\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441 \u0410\u0440\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d105bb5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d105bb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0452\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438 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\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u0441 \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0430.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432 \u043e\u0434 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430 \u0428\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 (1921) \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0408\u043e\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0425\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430 (1962\u20131971) \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441: \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0458\u0435 \u043e\u0434 \u043e\u043a\u043e 4 \u0445\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430, \u0443 \u0447\u0438\u0458\u043e\u0458 \u0441\u0435 \u0443\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0448\u045a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0452\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0443 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0425\u0440\u0430\u043c<\/span> \u0458\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u043e \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0441\u0430 \u0446\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0434\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0438 \u0443\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0448\u045a\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0448\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0458\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0434 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0459\u0430\u0448\u045a\u0435\u0433 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u0423 \u0443\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0448\u045a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0430 \u0421\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0421\u0430\u043a\u0441\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0443, \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0458\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0447\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0435, \u0438\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0452\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434 \u0434\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u0441\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u0414\u0432\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434, \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0458\u0435 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d \u043f\u0430\u0440 \u0431\u0438\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0443\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e, \u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e.<\/p><p>\u0411\u043e\u0433 \u0458\u0435 \u0443 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0458 \u0440\u0443\u0446\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0433 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0438\u045b\u0435, \u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u045a\u0430\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0443\u043a. \u041d\u0430 \u0437\u0438\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u045a\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e, \u0443\u0437\u0434\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d \u043c\u0430\u0447 \u0447\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0458\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0430.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a8d3a5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4a8d3a5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71e5a3d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"71e5a3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0418\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0438<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a8327e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1a8327e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u041d\u0430\u0458\u0443\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0459\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0421\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0435. \u041e\u0432\u0430 \u00ab\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u00bb \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u0442\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0448\u043a\u0438 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0417\u043d\u0430\u043a \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0459\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u0443 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0458\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u045a\u0435.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0431\u043e\u043b<\/span>: \u0431\u043e\u0433 \u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u0443 \u0441\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u0421\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0458\u0435 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0433 \u0417\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0447\u043aog <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0421\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043e \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0438\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0430<\/span> (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0452\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0433 1848. \u0443 \u0413\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0438, \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0443 \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0458\u0443 \u0443 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0443), \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0431\u0435 \u043e\u0434 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u0447\u045a\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0459\u0435\u0444\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0446\u043a\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0458 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438.<\/span><\/p><p>\u0414\u0430 \u043b\u0438 \u0417\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0447\u043a\u0438 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0421\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043e \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0438\u0434\u043e\u043b<\/span> \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0459\u0430 \u0421\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0411\u0438\u045b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043e \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0443 \u043e\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0435.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<\/span>, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0458\u0435; \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0458\u0435, \u043c\u0435\u0452\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043c, \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u0434\u0430 \u0458\u0435 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0435 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430 \u043e \u0441\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0458\u0443 \u0441\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u045a\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u045a\u0443.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0458\u0435<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u043e\u0433 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0438\u045b\u0435 \u0443 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0458 \u0440\u0443\u0446\u0438 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0443 \u0443\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0443 (\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0459\u0435). \u041b\u0443\u043a \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0447 \u0441\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043ai \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438. \u0411\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u045a, \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0438 \u0458\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043e <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0452\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0443 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0443<\/span>, \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u0458\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u045b\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u0438\u045a\u0430. \u0411\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u0458\u0430 \u0458\u0435 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u041e\u043d\u043e \u0448\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0458\u0443, \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0433.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0441\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430<\/span> \u0438 \u0443 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0421\u043a\u0443\u043f \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0443<\/span> \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0458\u0435 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0458\u0432\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0430.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d5ebe0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4d5ebe0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e559cc8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e559cc8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0430<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcbe50a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bcbe50a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sakson Gramatik opisuje dve glavne prakse Arkonskog kulta. Godi\u0161nja svetkovina \u017eetve odvijala se posle \u017eetve \u017eita: sve\u0161tenik je pogledom proveravao pija\u0107i rog kip, u koji je prethodne godine bilo naliveno vino. Ako se nivo vina nije promenio, to je predskazivalo dobru \u017eetvenu godinu; ako je opao, pretila je glad.<\/p><p>Zatim se rog praznio i punio novim vinom; sve\u0161tenik je prvi ispijao gutljaj, izgovarao je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Izricanje spasa i za\u0161tite, \u010desto u ustaljenoj jezi\u010dkoj formi.\" tabindex=\"0\">blagoslov<\/span> nad Ranima, a svetkovina se zavr\u0161avala jedenjem ogromne okrugle medne poga\u010de, iza koje se sve\u0161tenik krio da bi upitao okupljene da li ga vide.<\/p>\n<p>Najpoznatije <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Mesto ili ustanova gde se tra\u017ei bo\u017eansko predskazanje.\" tabindex=\"0\">proro\u010di\u0161te<\/span> bilo je konjsko <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Mesto ili ustanova gde se tra\u017ei bo\u017eansko predskazanje.\" tabindex=\"0\">proro\u010di\u0161te<\/span>. U <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gra\u0111evina namenjena obo\u017eavanju jednog ili vi\u0161e bo\u017eanstava.\" tabindex=\"0\">hramu<\/span> se \u010duvao beli konj, koga je smeo dodirivati samo vrhovni sve\u0161tenik. Pred vojne pohode postavljale su se tri reda po dva ukr\u0161tena koplja u zemlju; konj je tri puta vo\u0111en preko tih koplja.<\/p><p>Ako bi konj krenuo desnom prednjom nogom, to je predskazivalo pobedu; ako levom, pohod se otkazivao ili odlagao. Ova praksa je verskoistorijski posebno zanimljiva jer je strukturno povezana sa hipomantijskim kompleksom indoevropskog konjskog proro\u010di\u0161ta, koje je potvr\u0111eno i kod Hetita, Skita, Germana (Tacit, \u00abGermania\u00bb, poglavlje 10) i persijskih magova.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dc7e79 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5dc7e79\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-909e93f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"909e93f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Blago i danak<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61c1c28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"61c1c28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gra\u0111evina namenjena obo\u017eavanju jednog ili vi\u0161e bo\u017eanstava.\" tabindex=\"0\">Hram<\/span> u Arkoni bio je izuzetno bogat. Saks\u043e\u043d \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441uje ogromne koli\u010dine zlata, srebra, tkanina i drago kamenja koje su kao plen, danak ili zavetni dar bile pohranjene u riznici. Svaki Ranin morao je godi\u0161nje davati odre\u0111enu svotu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gra\u0111evina namenjena obo\u017eavanju jednog ili vi\u0161e bo\u017eanstava.\" tabindex=\"0\">hramu<\/span>; tre\u0107ina svog plena iz vojnih pohoda predavana je Sventovidu.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gra\u0111evina namenjena obo\u017eavanju jednog ili vi\u0161e bo\u017eanstava.\" tabindex=\"0\">Hram<\/span> je imao sopstvene vojnike i konjicu (tri stotine konjanika prema Saksonu), koji su bili pod vrhovnom komandom vrhovnog sve\u0161tenika. Ova vojno-religijska veza jedinstvena je odlika polabsko-slovenske religije i pokazuje koliko je Sventovid nadrastao ulogu obi\u010dnog plemenskog boga.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f28234 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5f28234\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2a127a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d2a127a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Razaranje Arkone 1168. godine<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a7f284 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8a7f284\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Prilikom danskog osvajanja pod kraljem Valdemarom I i biskupom Absalonom od Roskildea u junu 1168. godine, Arkona je opsednuta i osvojena posle kratke odbrane. Saks\u043e\u043d Gramatik, \u010diji izve\u0161taj se zasniva na svedo\u010denjima o\u010devidca Absalona, opisuje razaranje statue: bila je oborena, ise\u010dena na komade i spaljena.<\/p><p>Riznica je ispra\u017enjena, a \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043cski \u043aompleks poru \u0448\u0435\u043d. Ranci su na licu mesta prisilno kr\u0161teni; region je pot\u010dinjen biskupiji Roskilde i pripojen danskoj vlasti. Ovim razaranjem paganska religija na R\u00fcgenu zvani\u010dno je \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0430, mada su \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438 ob\u0438\u0447aji i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Predana narodna kultura sa obi\u010dajima, pripovestima i pesmama.\" tabindex=\"0\">folklor<\/span> jo\u0161 dugo opstajali.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f94f7f9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f94f7f9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f7a1d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7f7a1d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verskoistorijsko zna\u010denje i identitet<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5122d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c5122d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sventovid je u nau\u010dnim istra\u017eivanjima vi\u0161e puta dovo\u0111en u vezu s drugim slovenskim bogovima. Helmold od Bosaua isti\u010de njegovu nadmo\u0107 nad drugim bogovima, \u0161to govori u prilog henoteisti\u010dkoj strukturi ranskog panteona: vrhovni bog sa podre\u0111enim polubogovima.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Aleksander Brikner smatrao je Sventovida regionalnom varijantom op\u0161teslovenskog gromovnika Peruna, \u0161to dana\u0161nja nauka uglavnom odbacuje. Aleksander Gjej\u0161tor (\u00abMitologia S\u0142owian\u00bb, 1982) vide\u043e je u Sventovidu samostalno vrhovno bo\u017eanstvo balti\u010dkih Slovena s kosmolo\u0161kom funkcijom, koju ozna\u010dava njegova \u010detvorolikost.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Ji\u0159\u00ed Dynda je 2014. godine predlo\u017eio da se Sventovid tuma\u010di kao balti\u010dko-slovenska adaptacija \u0161ire rasprostranjenog indoevropskog \u00abboga svekosmi\u010dkog pogleda\u00bb, \u010dija \u010detvorolikost simbolizuje kosmi\u010dko vi\u0111enje. Strukturne paralele nalaze se u hetitskom Hati <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ukupnost bogova jedne religije ili kulture.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonu<\/span> i u hinduisti\u010dkom Brahmi, koji je tako\u0111e prikazivan sa \u010detiri lica. Ova tipolo\u0161ka klasifikacija ostaje ipak hipoteti\u010dka.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea0bae3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ea0bae3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5e2d9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b5e2d9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Etimologija<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9c3b25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d9c3b25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ime \u00abSventovit\u00bb sastoji se od praslovenskog \u00absv\u0119t\u044a\u00bb (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ono \u0161to pripada bo\u017eanskom i time je izuzeto iz svakodnevne upotrebe.\" tabindex=\"0\">sveto<\/span>) i \u00abvit\u044a\u00bb (gospodar, pobednik ili svetlosna pojava). Zna\u010denje bi prema tome bilo \u00abSveti gospodar\u00bb ili \u00ab<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ono \u0161to pripada bo\u017eanskom i time je izuzeto iz svakodnevne upotrebe.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sveto<\/span>-blistavi\u00bb. Da li je druga komponenta povezana sa staroruskim \u00abvit\u00bb (videti, gledati), \u0161to bi dodatno motivisalo \u010detvorolikost, jezi\u010dki je predmet rasprave.<\/p><p>Kasnija isto\u010dnoslovenska <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Preno\u0161enje znanja i pri\u010da kroz generacije.\" tabindex=\"0\">predaja<\/span> spojila je ovo ime sa svetim Vidom (Vitusom); ostrvo R\u00fcgen i grad Sankt Vid (Slovenija, Hrvatska) povezuju hri\u0161\u0107anskog sveca sa starim bogom na sinkretisti\u010dki na\u010din.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b68bda e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4b68bda\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76e0f0b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"76e0f0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nasle\u0111e<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54cb4d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"54cb4d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u041d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0448\u0442\u0435\u045a\u0430 \u0410\u0440\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0432\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0421\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0426\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u045b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0458 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442<\/span> \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043f\u0443\u043d\u043e \u0458\u0435 \u0438\u0448\u0447\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043e. \u0422\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u045a\u0443 \u0441\u0443 \u043e\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438, \u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0458\u0435: \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0443\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u045a\u0430 \u043e \u00ab\u0421\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0443\u00bb \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0440\u0434\u0443 \u0412\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435 \u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438\u043c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0452\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0443 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0430<\/span> \u0438 \u043e \u0431\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u045a\u0443 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430.<\/p><p>\u0423 19. \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0443 \u0421\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434 \u0458\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043e \u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0459\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435; \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440 \u0411\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043d\u0435\u0440 (Aleksander Br\u00fcckner), \u0408\u043e\u0437\u0435\u0444 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0440 (Joseph Koll\u00e1r) \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0446\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0443 \u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u045a\u0435\u0433\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043e \u043d\u0430 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0417\u043d\u0430\u043a \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0459\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u0443 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0458\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u045a\u0435.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0431\u043e\u043b<\/span> \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0458\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0435 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0458\u0435 \u0410\u0440\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0448\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043a, \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0452\u0435\u045a\u0430 \u0441\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0443, \u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0452\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0443 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043c<\/span> \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u045b\u0435 \u0458\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0459\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0430. \u0423 \u0441\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0443 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u045a\u0435 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0435 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435 \u0421\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0443 \u0443\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u0433; \u043e\u0432\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u0458\u0435, \u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0435, \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d924bdf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d924bdf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-891430a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"891430a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Izvori<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e816673 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e816673\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p><span data-nosnippet>Saxo Grammaticus, \u00abGesta Danorum\u00bb, Buch XIV (um 1200), kritische Ausgabe von Karsten Friis-Jensen, Oxford 2015. Helmold von Bosau, \u00abChronica Slavorum\u00bb (um 1170), \u00dcbersetzung von Heinz Stoob, Darmstadt 1963. \u00abKnytlinga saga\u00bb (13. Jahrhundert). Adam von Bremen, \u00abGesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum\u00bb (1075). Thietmar von Merseburg, \u00abChronicon\u00bb (fr\u00fches 11. Jahrhundert). D\u00e4nische Annalen des 12. und 13. Jahrhunderts.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Carl Schuchhardt, \u00abArkona, Rethra, Vineta\u00bb, Berlin 1926.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Joachim Herrmann, \u00abDie Slawen in Deutschland\u00bb, Berlin 1985.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Joachim Herrmann (Hrsg.), \u00abSlawische Burgen in Deutschland\u00bb, Berlin 1976.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Aleksander Br\u00fcckner, \u00abMitologia s\u0142owia\u0144ska\u00bb, Krakau 1918.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Aleksander Gieysztor, \u00abMitologia S\u0142owian\u00bb, Warschau 1982.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Henryk \u0141owmia\u0144ski, \u00abReligia S\u0142owian i jej upadek\u00bb, Warschau 1979.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Vladimir Toporov und Vyacheslav Ivanov, \u00abIssledovaniya v oblasti slavyanskikh drevnostey\u00bb, Moskau 1974.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Ji\u0159\u00ed Dynda, \u00abThe Four-Faced God: Slavic Cosmology Reconsidered\u00bb, Studia Mythologica Slavica 17, 2014.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Leszek S\u0142upecki, \u00abSlavonic <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0421\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e; \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0458 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0445\u0440\u0438\u0448\u045b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0458 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0438.\" tabindex=\"0\">Pagan<\/span> Sanctuaries\u00bb, Warschau 1994.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65c12ca e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"65c12ca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87486b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"87486b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0421\u0430\u043a\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0425\u0435\u043b\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0430<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1a8290 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1a8290\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00abGesta Danorum\u00bb \u0421\u0430\u043a\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0413\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 (Saxo Grammaticus) \u043d\u0430\u0458\u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0458\u0438 \u0458\u0435, \u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u043e \u0421\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443. \u0421\u0430\u043a\u0441\u043e\u043d \u0458\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u043e \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0448\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0431\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u0410\u043f\u0441\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043b\u0434\u0435\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0438 \u0458\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0458\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0458\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u0410\u0440\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435. \u040a\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0447\u0435\u045a\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430.<\/p><p>\u0418\u043f\u0430\u043a, \u0421\u0430\u043a\u0441\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0458 \u0443 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0448\u045b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043d: \u043f\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0458\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0443\u0434\u0430, \u0433\u043b\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0438 \u0452\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e, \u0430 \u045a\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0443\u043d\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0442\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u0437\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0437\u0438\u0440 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0458\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0458\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0434 \u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0438\u045a\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>\u00abChronica Slavorum\u00bb \u0425\u0435\u043b\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0434 \u0411\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0443\u0430 (Helmold von Bosau) (\u043e\u043a\u043e 1170) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0459\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0440, \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0458\u0435. \u0425\u0435\u043b\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0434 \u0458\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0448\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0443 \u0411\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0443\u0443 \u0443 \u0425\u043e\u043b\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0458\u043d\u0443 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e \u0458\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043c\u0435\u0440e\u043d\u043e\u0433 \u0431\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u041b\u0438\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0430.<\/p><p>\u040a\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441 \u0421\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0452\u0435 \u0458\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0458\u0435\u043d \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0448\u045b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043c, \u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0436\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0459\u0435 \u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0430ju \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0443 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0426\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0443<\/span> \u0438 \u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0458 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438.<\/p><p>\u0425\u0435\u043b\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0420\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0458\u0443 \u0421\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u00ab\u043d\u0430\u0458\u0432\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c\u00bb \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043c\u0443, \u043f\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0435 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0414\u0430\u0440 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0430.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0436\u0440\u0442\u0432\u0435<\/span>. \u041e\u0432\u0430\u043a\u0432\u043e \u0445\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0452\u0435\u045a\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0458\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0458\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e \u0431\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0426\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043e\u043d<\/span> \u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0433 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0426\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0430<\/span> \u041a\u0438\u0458\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0438\u0458\u0435.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e306f95 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e306f95\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bec20f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5bec20f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0430 \u0410\u0440\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b1f075 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7b1f075\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u0410\u0440\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0458\u0435 \u0458\u043e\u0448 \u0443 19. \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0438\u043c\u0430. \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0434 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043e \u0458\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043b \u0428\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0442 (Carl Schuchhardt) \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0452\u0443 1921. \u0438 1925. \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435, \u0447\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e \u00abArkona, Rethra, Vineta\u00bb (Berlin 1926) \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0459\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0443.<\/span><\/p><p>\u0428\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u0458\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0430, \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0452\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0459\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440a\u0452\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430. \u0417\u0431\u043e\u0433 \u0435\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430, \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0448\u045a\u0435\u0433 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0452\u0435\u045a\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u045b \u0458\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0459\u0435\u043d \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0443\u043e \u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0435.<\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0408\u043e\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0425\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430 (Joachim Herrmann) \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0452\u0443 1962. \u0438 1971. \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435, \u0434\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0458\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0458\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0458\u0443. \u0425\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430 (\u00abDie Slawen in Deutschland\u00bb, Berlin 1985; \u00abSlawische Burgen in Deutschland\u00bb, Berlin 1976) \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0435 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0458\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0435 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0430.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0435<\/span>.<\/span><\/p><p>\u041e\u0432\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0452\u0443\u0458\u0443 \u0421\u0430\u043a\u0441\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u045b\u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0458\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043e\u043d\u0443 \u0433\u0440a\u0452\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0438 \u0443\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0448\u045a\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0448\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0432\u0435 \u0421\u0430\u043a\u0441\u043e\u043d \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0458\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0459\u0430. \u0414\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441 (\u0441\u0442\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u0438\u0437 2020-\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430) \u0441\u0430\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0458\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043e 60 \u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0452\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0433 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430; \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 40 \u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u0443 \u0441\u0435 \u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u045a\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0442\u043f\u0443\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u045b\u0430; \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0448\u045a\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u045a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0458\u0443 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0428\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0425\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38b53ee e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"38b53ee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb40b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dcb40b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0417\u0431\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0434\u043e\u043b \u0438 \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7c3e21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b7c3e21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u041d\u0430\u0458\u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0458\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0452\u0435\u045a\u0435 \u0441\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u043e\u043c \u0421\u0444\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 (Sventovid) \u0458\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0417\u0431\u0440\u0443\u0447-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0421\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0438\u043f \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0458\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u043e \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0438\u0434\u043e\u043b<\/span>, \u043a\u0440\u0435\u0447\u045a\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0431 \u0441\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u041f\u043b\u0438\u0442\u043a\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0435.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0440\u0435\u0459\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043c<\/span>, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043d 1848. \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0438 \u0417\u0431\u0440\u0443\u0447 \u0443 \u0413\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0438 (\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0448\u045a\u0430 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0458\u0438\u043d\u0430).<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0421\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0438\u043f \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0458\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u043e \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0418\u0434\u043e\u043b<\/span> \u0458\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u043e\u043a\u043e 2,67 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0458 \u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0458\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0458\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0459\u0435\u0444\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0452\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0443 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0430 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0433. \u041d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u045a\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0443, \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0446\u043a\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0435\u045b\u0430\u0458\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0430\u043a\u0441\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 (Saxo) \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441 \u0421\u0444\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>\u0418\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0458\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0459\u0435\u0444\u0430 \u0441\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0458\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0430. \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441 \u0420\u0438\u0431\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0458\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0448\u0430\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0430 (\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0443\u043d, \u041c\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0448, \u041b\u0430\u0434\u0430, \u0414\u0430\u0436\u0431\u043e\u0433), \u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0441\u0443 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0459\u0438\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0459\u0435\u043d\u0435.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u0421\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u0458\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u0441\u0430 \u0421\u0430\u043a\u0441\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043c. \u041b\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043a \u0421\u043b\u0443\u043f\u0435\u0446\u043a\u0438 (Leszek S\u0142upecki) \u0458\u0435 \u0443 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0443 \u00abSlavonic <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0418\u0437\u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e; \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0445\u0440\u0438\u0448\u045b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0458 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0438.\" tabindex=\"0\">Pagan<\/span> Sanctuaries\u00bb (\u0412\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0430\u0432\u0430 1994) \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043e \u0417\u0431\u0440\u0443\u0447-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0421\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0438\u043f \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0458\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u043e \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0438\u0434\u043e\u043b<\/span> \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0448\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0458 \u0432\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0443 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430 \u043e \u0441\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0458\u0443 \u0441\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u045a\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u045a\u0443.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0458\u0443<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44c1ed8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"44c1ed8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb9ac7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fb9ac7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0430<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d16e33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d16e33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u041f\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0421\u0444\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430, \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0435 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0435. \u0422\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432 (\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438) \u0431\u0438\u043e \u0458\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0443 \u0428\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443 (\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0448\u045a\u0438 \u0428\u045b\u0435\u045b\u0438\u043d) \u0438 \u0443 \u0411\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0443; \u045a\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0448\u0442\u0435 \u0443 \u0428\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0448\u0442\u0438\u043e \u0458\u0435 \u0443 12. \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0443 \u0431\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u043f \u041e\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0434 \u0411\u0430\u043c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430.<\/p><p>\u0421\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u045b (\u0421\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043d) \u0438\u043c\u0430\u043e \u0458\u0435 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u045b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0433 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0448\u0442\u0435<\/span> \u0443 \u0420\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438 (\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u045b\u0435 \u0443 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0448\u045a\u0435\u043c \u041c\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0443), \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0458\u0443 \u0410\u0434\u0430\u043c \u0411\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0422\u0438\u0442\u043c\u0430\u0440 \u043e\u0434 \u041c\u0435\u0440\u0437\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0430. \u0420\u0443\u0452\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0442 (\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438) \u0438 \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0442 (\u043f\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438) \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0452\u0435 \u0441\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0420\u0443\u0458\u0430\u043d\u0438, \u0443 \u0413\u0430\u0440\u0446\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0425\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438; \u045a\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0448\u0442\u0430 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0448\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0443 1168. \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0430 \u0410\u0440\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0459\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0458\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0443 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442; \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0423\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043e\u043d<\/span> \u041a\u0438\u0458\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0458\u0435 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0435. \u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0458\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0443 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0430 \u0442\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0443 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0443 \u0443 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0435.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a696ddb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a696ddb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e2b95b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5e2b95b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0422\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u045a\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u045a\u0430<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42259d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"42259d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u041a\u043e\u045a\u0441\u043a\u0438 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u041c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0448\u0442\u0435<\/span> \u0410\u0440\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0458\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0458\u043d\u043e \u0458\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0459\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0452\u0435\u043d\u0443 \u0443 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043c \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430.<\/p><p>\u0422\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0442 \u0443 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0443 \u00abGermania\u00bb, \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0459\u0435 10, \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0458\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u045a\u0441\u043a\u043e <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u041c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0448\u0442\u0435<\/span> \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430: \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u045a\u0438 \u0441\u0443 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0459\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043b\u0443\u043a\u0430 \u043e \u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443, \u0430 \u045a\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0448\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0459\u0430 \u0442\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a. \u0421\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u045a\u0441\u043a\u0430 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u041c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0448\u0442\u0430<\/span> \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0452\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0443 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0421\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0445\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0458\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>\u0425\u0438\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0458\u0430 (\u043a\u043e\u045a\u0441\u043a\u043e <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0422\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0447\u0435\u045a\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u045a\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0433 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u045b\u0435\u0433.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u045a\u0435<\/span>) \u0443\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0458\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0458\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0435. \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0422\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0458\u0435 \u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0443 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043e \u0443 \u043e\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0423\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u045a\u0430 \u043e \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u043c\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0435<\/span> \u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u045a\u0435\u043d \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0458 \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0459\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043b\u0443\u043a\u0435 \u043e \u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443 \u0443 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0442\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0430.<\/p><p>\u0421\u0444\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u041c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0448\u0442\u0435<\/span> \u0443 \u0410\u0440\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0438, \u0434\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0435, \u043d\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0458\u0430\u0432\u0430, \u0432\u0435\u045b \u043a\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e 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tabindex=\"0\">\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0435<\/span> \u0434\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 (\u0421\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0411\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043d) \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0423\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0430<\/span> \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u0422\u043e 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\u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>\u0423 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0434\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0458\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0458\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0448\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0458\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0438\u0448\u045b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e. \u041e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0432\u043e \u0420\u0443\u0458\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043f\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0458\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0431\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0458\u0443 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043b\u0434\u0435, \u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0431\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0458\u0443 \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d.<\/p><p>\u0414\u043e 15. \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0458\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0458\u0435\u0437\u0438\u043a \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043e \u0458\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430, \u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0458\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043f\u0443\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0448\u0447\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043e \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0433 \u0458\u0435\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0430. \u041f\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0443 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0458\u0438\u043c\u0430, \u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0438\u043a\u0430\u043a\u0432\u043e\u0433 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0433 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36bf597 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"36bf597\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ab17ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0ab17ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0421\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434 \u0443 \u0441\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0458 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0438<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dcb598 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3dcb598\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0421\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0458\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0433 \u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u0443 19. \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0443, \u0421\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434 \u0458\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043e \u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0435. \u0427\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0459\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0458\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0446\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0443 \u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u045a\u0435\u0433\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043e \u043d\u0430 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0417\u043d\u0430\u043a \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0459\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u0443 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0458\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u045a\u0435.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0431\u043e\u043b<\/span> \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0435 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0443 \u0441\u0443 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0448\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0458\u0430.<\/p><p>\u0408\u043e\u0437\u0435\u0444 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0440, \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440 \u0411\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u0438 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\u0410\u0440\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0458\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0458\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0448\u045a\u0435\u0433 \u043f\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0448\u0442\u0430; \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0452\u0435\u045a\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043e\u0446\u0438\u043c\u0430. \u041a\u043e \u0441\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043a\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0435, \u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0458\u0435 1168. \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0448\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u045a\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u0432\u0440\u0452\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u045a\u0435 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3270,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"\u0421\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434","_yoast_wpseo_title":"\u0421\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434 \u2013 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u0433 \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0430 | iWell 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