{"id":155319,"date":"2026-09-04T20:16:28","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T20:16:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=155319"},"modified":"2026-09-04T20:41:12","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T20:41:12","slug":"gula","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/gula\/","title":{"rendered":"Gula"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"155319\" class=\"elementor elementor-155319 elementor-3020 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1271f7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d1271f7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41ed33b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"41ed33b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2edc596 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2edc596\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12f18b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"12f18b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gula, vavilonska boginja lekarske ve\u0161tine<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f18265 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9f18265\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gula je vavilonska boginja lekarske ve\u0161tine i prikazuje se kao gospodarica pasa, \u010dija je \u017eivotinja <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Slikovita predstava koja stoji za apstraktnu misao.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> ozdravljenja. Gula je najzna\u010dajnija boginja isceljenja u staromesopotamskoj religiji. Posebno je po\u0161tovana u starobabilonsko i novoasirsko doba, a smatrana je za\u0161titnicom lekarske ve\u0161tine, lekara i babica.<\/p><p>Njen atribut je pas, \u017eivotinja koja je u staromesopotamskoj predstavi bila povezana i sa isceljenjem i sa granicom izme\u0111u \u017eivota i smrti. Njeni najva\u017eniji <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gra\u0111evina koja slu\u017ei obo\u017eavanju jednog ili vi\u0161e bo\u017eanstava.\" tabindex=\"0\">hramovi<\/span> nalazili su se u Isinu, Nipuru i Vavilonu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33d0197 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"33d0197\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d98a816 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"d98a816\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u0411\u043e\u0433 \/ \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0438\u045a\u0430: \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0458\u0432\u0438\u0448\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u045b \u0443 \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0443 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435, \u0441\u0430 \u0458\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435, \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0442, \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442. \u041e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0437 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0435, \u0436\u0440\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0435.\">\u0411\u043e\u0433<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/mesopotamija\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u041a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u2014 \u0421\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434, \u0411\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043d, \u0410\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0430 (\u043e\u043a\u043e 3500. \u043f. \u043d. \u0435. \u0434\u043e 330. \u043f. \u043d. \u0435.).\">\u041c\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0458\u0430<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b45b9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b45b9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5202ae elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"d5202ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;\\u041d\\u0430 \\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0458 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0446\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0438\\u0441\\u0443 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u043d\\u0430\\u0452\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0441\\u043b\\u043e\\u0432\\u0438.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0421\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0458\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__d5202ae\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__d5202ae\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__d5202ae\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e80ad34 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e80ad34\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-455e8e3 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"455e8e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-156943\" alt=\"\u0413\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u2013 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0435, \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0438\u043b\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0437\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f2a883 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2f2a883\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cf2575 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7cf2575\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75b60ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"75b60ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u041c\u0438\u0442 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u043e<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-210fc41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"210fc41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gula je kasniji i uzdignuti oblik nekoliko starijih boginja isceljenja, prevashodno Ninisine, Bau i Ninkarak, koje su po\u0161tovane u starosumerskim gradovima-dr\u017eavama Isin, Laga\u0161 i Sipar. Ninisina, \u201egospodarica Isina\u201c, njena je najva\u017enija prethodnica.<\/p><p>Ve\u0107 u kraljevskim natpisima Isinske dinastije, oko 2000. p. n. e., ona se javlja kao najvi\u0161a boginja isceljenja i za\u0161titnica grada. U starobabilonskom periodu njene funkcije i osobine spojile su se u jedinstven lik Gule.<\/p>\n<p>Njeno ime Gula na akadskom zna\u010di \u201evelika\u201c. Natpisi je nazivaju azugallu, odnosno \u201evelika lekarka\u201c. Ona je k\u0107i Anua, boga neba, ili prema drugim predanjima k\u0107i Enlila. Njen suprug je Ninurta, ratni\u010dki i bog pluga, s kojim \u010dini komplementaran par: on predstavlja ratnu pobedu, a ona isceljuju\u0107e obnavljanje.<\/p>\n<p>Njena najzna\u010dajnija svetili\u0161ta bila su u Isinu, gradu u ju\u017enoj Mesopotamiji, i u Nipuru, verskom sredi\u0161tu. U Vavilonu joj je u starobabilonskom periodu podignut <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gra\u0111evina koja slu\u017ei obo\u017eavanju jednog ili vi\u0161e bo\u017eanstava.\" tabindex=\"0\">hram<\/span> E-galmah. U Sipparu je bila poznata pod likom Ninkarak. Ova geografska rasprostranjenost pokazuje njen zna\u010daj na \u0161irem prostoru.<\/p>\n<p>Poznata himna Guli, \u201eHimna Bulu\u0441\u0430-rabi\u201c, poti\u010de iz srednjebabilonskog perioda i predstavlja opse\u017ean samoiskaz boginje. Ona se u njoj opisuje kao lekarka, negovateljica bolesnih, babica i istovremeno pravedna sudija. Himna je religijsko-istorijski va\u017ena jer u knji\u017eevno visokom obliku sa\u017eima klju\u010dne funkcije boginje.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b2c394 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b2c394\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8207a8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8207a8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0421\u0438\u043c\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dde330 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7dde330\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najva\u017eniji atribut Gule je pas. Na kudurru grani\u010dnim stelama i reljefima pas sedi pored njenog trona ili joj je kod nogu.<\/p><p>Pas je u staromesopotamskoj predstavi povezivao isceljenje i smrt: njegova pljuva\u010dka smatrana je celitel\u0458skom mo\u0107i, \u0161to potvr\u0111uju arheolo\u0161ki nalazi pasjih kostiju u svetili\u0161tima i tekstovi isceljenja koji preko pljuva\u010dke pasa izri\u010du zaklinjanja. Istovremeno su psi bili pratioci podzemnog bo\u017eanstva i mogli su se zami\u0161ljati kao pratioci mrtvih.<\/p>\n<p>Drugi atribut je lanceta ili lekarski \u0161tap. Na nekim prikazima ona dr\u017ei predmet koji podse\u0107a na hirur\u0161ki instrument. Na otiscima pe\u010data \u010desto se javlja pred bolesnom osobom, kojoj se okre\u0107e s namerom isceljenja.<\/p>\n<p>Na mnogim kudurru stelama <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak koji predstavlja neku ideju ili zna\u010denje.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> sede\u0107eg psa javlja se pored drugih astralnih ili kosmi\u010dkih znakova. Time je Gula bila sastavni deo teolo\u0161ke geografije grani\u010dnih stela.<\/p><p>Simbolika psa ostala je pri tome obavezuju\u0107i znak koji je \u010dinio njen lik neprepoznatljivim s drugima. Arheolo\u0161ki nalazi iz Isina potvrdili su ritualni zna\u010daj psa u njenom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Skup obrednih radnji posve\u0107enih obo\u017eavanju bo\u017eanstva ili svetog lika.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultu<\/span>, jer su tamo prona\u0111ene pasje kosti raspore\u0111ene na poseban na\u010din.<\/p>\n<p>Reljefi u hramovima ponekad prikazuju Gulu sa zvezdom ili polumesecom, \u0161to ukazuje na astralnu dimenziju njenog obo\u017eavanja. Veza izme\u0111u isceljenja, tuma\u010denja zvezda i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jezi\u010dki obred koji treba da prizove ili sputa neku mo\u0107.\" tabindex=\"0\">zaklinjanja<\/span> bila je u staromesopotamskoj misli tesno povezana, pa je Gula kao boginja isceljenja istovremeno pripadala i astralnom znanju.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b1981b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1b1981b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ffb7cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7ffb7cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kult i obo\u017eavanje<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d417134 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d417134\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Glavni kult Gule bio je u Isinu, u ju\u017enoj Mesopotamiji. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sveto mesto posve\u0107eno obo\u017eavanju bo\u017eanstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sveti\u0161te<\/span> E-gal-mah bilo je mesto okupljanja lekara, babica i pacijenata. Tamo je prona\u0111en veliki broj glinenih zavetnih darova u obliku bolesnih delova tela, uporedivih sa voto-darovima iz ju\u017enoitalijanskih kultova isceljenja.<\/p><p>Oni pru\u017eaju direktan uvid u praksu: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010covek koji preduzima verski motivisano putovanje ka svetom mestu.\" tabindex=\"0\">hodo\u010dasnici<\/span> su joj posve\u0107ivali modele bolesnih o\u010diju, udova ili delova stomaka u nadi da \u0107e se izle\u010diti.<\/p>\n<p>U Nipuru je njen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gra\u0111evina posve\u0107ena obo\u017eavanju jednog ili vi\u0161e bo\u017eanstava.\" tabindex=\"0\">hram<\/span> bio E-mah, u kojem se okupljao kolegijum lekara.<\/p><p>Novoasirska re\u010d u op\u0161toj upotrebi za lekara, asu, izvodi se iz njene funkcije. U Siparu je po\u0161tovana pod imenom Ninkarak, u Vavilonu u E-galmahu. U Borsipi, sestrinskom gradu Vavilona, bila je uklopljena kao pratilja boginja Nabua, boga pisma.<\/p>\n<p>Njen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ukupnost verskih obreda obo\u017eavanja jednog bo\u017eanstva ili svete figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> bio je posebno omiljen kod \u017eena i lekara. Zaklinjanja iz starobabilonskog i novoasirskog doba prizivaju je pri poro\u0111ajima, kod povi\u0161ene temperature, ujeda zmije i psihi\u010dkih poreme\u0107aja. Zbirke zaklinjanja iz kraljevske biblioteke Asurbanipala sadr\u017ee brojne tekstove u kojima se Gula, zajedno s Mardukom, Eom i \u0160ama\u0161em, priziva kao bo\u017eanstvo isceljenja.<\/p>\n<p>Praksa zaklinjanja kod bolesni\u010dke postelje \u010desto je obuhvatala vi\u0161e faza. Najpre bi asipu, sve\u0161tenik zaklinja\u010d, formulai\u010dno prizivao Gulu. Zatim su slede konkretna uputstva, \u010desto sa smesama bilja ili ritualnim postupcima kao \u0161to je premazivanje vunenim koncem, koji bi se potom spaljivao da bi se bolest simboli\u010dno uni\u0161tila.<\/p><p>Ova praksa, \u010desto povezana sa psom kao ritualnom \u017eivotinjom, dokumentovana je na stotinama glinenih tablica.<\/p>\n<p>U novoasirskom periodu dr\u017eavno po\u0161tovanje Gule je poraslo. Asurbanipal je naredio da se njeni tekstovi prekopiraju i unesu u njegovu biblioteku. Tako\u0111e su joj kraljevske \u017eene prinosile li\u010dne zavetne darove, \u0161to nagla\u0161ava vezu boginje s poro\u0111ajem i maj\u010dinstvom.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0450dcc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0450dcc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66dcc1e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"66dcc1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0da6404 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0da6404\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gula se u narativnim tekstovima javlja manje nego Inana ili Marduk. Njen najva\u017eniji tekst je \u201eBulu\u0441\u0430-rabi himna\u201c, veliki samoprikaz boginje u 200 stihova.<\/p><p>U njemu se naziv\u0430 k\u0107erkom Anua, suprugom Ninurte, lekarkom velikih bogova, babicom naroda i pravednom za\u0161titnicom slabih. Himna je religijskoistorijski zna\u010dajna jer okon\u010dava teolo\u0161ku konsolidaciju mnogih boginja isceljenja pod imenom Gule.<\/p>\n<p>U Anzu-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Predanjska pripovest o bogovima, poreklu i poretku sveta.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitu<\/span> Gula se ne javlja direktno, ali u kasnijim verzijama se pominje zajedno s Ninurtom nakon njegove pobede i u\u010destvuje u proslavi trijumfa. Ova veza je uklapa u kosmi\u010dki herojski epos i daje joj narativnu vezu s Anzu-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Predanjska pripovest o bogovima, poreklu i poretku sveta.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitom<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Jedna kratka pri\u010da govori o Gulinom psu koji se jednog dana razboleo. Boginja mu je li\u010dno pomogla, koriste\u0107i nekoliko svojih lekovitih biljaka.<\/p><p>Ka\u017ee se da je iz tog bola nikla njena mo\u0107 isceljenja, jer je patnju prvo do\u017eivela na sopstvenoj \u017eivotinji. Ova pri\u010da, sa\u010duvana u nekoliko fragmenata, daje boginji empati\u010dan karakter koji je razlikuje od isklju\u010divo pravno-kaznenih bo\u017eanstava.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f96a216 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f96a216\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc8fdd1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fc8fdd1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438 \u0443 \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0443<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b98975f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b98975f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gula je udata za Ninurtu, boga rata i pluga. Oboje \u010dine komplementaran par u kojem su ratni\u010dki potres i isceliteljska obnova me\u0111usobno povezani. S Damuom, mla\u0111im bogom isceljenja i njenim sinom, ima blisku porodi\u010dnu vezu. Damu se \u010desto tuma\u010di kao Gulin naslednik u ulozi isceljenja.<\/p>\n<p>S Ninisinom, Bau i Ninkarak je kultski srasla, \u0161to pokazuje teolo\u0161ki proces konsolidacije starobabilonskog perioda. S Mardukom, dr\u017eavnim bogom Vavilona, stoji u odnosu kultske saradnje: u medicinskim zaklinjanjima oboje se \u010desto zajedno prizivaju, jer je Marduk u vavilonskoj <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nau\u010dno u\u010denje o Bogu i veri jedne religije.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologiji<\/span> zauzimao sve centralniju ulogu i preuzimao i funkcije isceljenja.<\/p>\n<p>U \u0161irem <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ukupnost bogova jedne religije ili kulture.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonu<\/span> Gula ima veze sa \u0160ama\u0161om, bogom sunca i prava, kao i sa Eom, bogom mudrosti. Veza s Eom je posebno bliska, jer se on smatra kosmi\u010dkim u\u010diteljem lekarske ve\u0161tine, a Gula funkcioni\u0161e kao njegov zemaljski pandan.<\/p>\n<p>Gula je u teolo\u0161koj listi An izjedna\u010dena s Ninkarak, boginjom isceljenja Akada, koja se u formulama proklinjanja na Hamurabijevoj <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uspravna, ispisana ili oslikana kamena ili drvena plo\u010da.\" tabindex=\"0\">steli<\/span> navodi kao adresatkinja medicinskih kazni.<\/p><p>Njen suprug je Pabilsag, bog rata i isceljenja, koji se u kasnobabilonskoj astronomiji izjedna\u010dava sa zvezdanim znakom Strelca. Ova veza boginje isceljenja i ratnika tipi\u010dna je konstelacija za Mesopotamiju, u kojoj su za\u0161tita i agresivnost ujedinjene u istom bo\u017eanskom paru.<\/p>\n<p>Zanimljiv poseb\u0430n slu\u010daj je identifikacija Gula-I\u0161tar u nekim kasnobabilonskim himnama, koje poku\u0161avaju da obe boginje shvate kao aspekte jedne jedinstvene \u017eenske mo\u0107i. Ovo srastanje je sporno i smatra se posebnim slu\u010dajem kasne teolo\u0161ke spekulacije, koja je pod uticajem rastu\u0107e Mardukove monolatrije \u017eelela da ujedini i glavne \u017eenske boginje.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2cc258e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2cc258e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f15cc1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f15cc1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0458<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa97ec3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aa97ec3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gul\u0438\u043d <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Skup svih obrednih radnji po\u0161tovanja posve\u0107enih jednom bo\u017eanstvu ili svetoj prilici.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442<\/span> \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043e \u0458\u0435 \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0435 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0443 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0443\u043a\u0438\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u0418\u043f\u0430\u043a, \u045a\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043b\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0459\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0443 \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0443 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0445\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0433 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u0421\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0448\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0458\u0435 19. \u0438 20. \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u0443 \u0458\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0443 \u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>\u0423 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0458 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0413\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0458\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0458\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0448\u0442\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0438\u045a\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0448\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0435. \u0420\u0435\u0459\u0435\u0444\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0418\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0443 \u0443 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043c \u0443\u045f\u0431\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0435. \u0423 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0458 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0438 \u043f\u0441\u0430 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0458\u0430\u0432\u0459\u0443\u0458\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0443 \u0443\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u043f\u0441\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043e\u0446\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u045a\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043e\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u0440\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0445.<\/p>\n<p>\u0423 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0458 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u0413\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0442\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0458\u0430\u0432\u0459\u0443\u0458\u0435, \u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u045a\u0443 \u0438 \u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0458\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0452\u0430\u0458\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u045b\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0458\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430. \u0412\u0435\u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0452\u0443 \u045a\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0458\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u045a\u0430 \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u0441\u043e\u043c (\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0410\u0441\u043a\u043b\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0441\u0430 \u0437\u043c\u0438\u0458\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0443 \u0433\u0440\u0447\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0443) \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0443 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0443.<\/p>\n<p>\u0423 \u0445\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0458 \u041c\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0458\u0438 \u0413\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0458\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430 \u0425\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0433\u0440\u0447\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0438\u045a\u043e\u043c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u045a\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043a \u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0435<\/span> \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0430. \u041e\u0432\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u0435\u043f\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0458\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0452\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0443\u043a\u0438\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0423\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0458 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0423\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043da \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0447\u0430 \u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438<\/span> \u0438\u0437 3. \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0435\u0440\u0435. \u0417\u0430\u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438 \u0443 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u0443 \u043d\u043e\u045b\u043d\u043e\u0458 \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0458 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0438.<\/p><p>\u0412\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0411\u0443\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0442 (Walter Burkert) \u0443 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0443 \u00abBabylon, Memphis, Persepolis\u00bb \u0441\u043a\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043e \u0458\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0458\u0443 \u043e\u0434 \u0413\u0443\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e \u0425\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u045a\u0435 \u0414\u0438\u0458\u0430\u043d\u0435.<\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>\u0423 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0413\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0458\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0458\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0438\u045a\u043e\u043c \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u045a\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0459\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0458\u0435. \u040a\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0459\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u045a\u0435\u0433 \u0410\u0441\u043a\u043b\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0458\u0435-\u0425\u0438\u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430, \u0448\u0442\u043e \u0458\u0435 \u0412\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0458\u0430\u043d \u041d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043d (Vivian Nutton) \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0459\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043e \u0443 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0443 \u00abAncient Medicine\u00bb (2004).<\/span><\/p><p>\u0414\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0448\u045a\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0430 \u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0458\u0443 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0443 \u0413\u0443\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0447\u043a\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0448\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0435, \u0441\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0443 \u0444\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0458\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94697bd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"94697bd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e259579 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e259579\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Relig\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7c31b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e7c31b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0422\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438\u043b\u0434 \u0408\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0435\u043d (Thorkild Jacobsen) \u0441\u0432\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0413\u0443\u043b\u0443 \u0443 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0448\u0442\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0443\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0452\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u045a\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0452\u0430\u0458. \u0423 \u045a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0458\u0435\u0434\u0438\u045a\u0430\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0443 \u0441\u0430 \u041d\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043d \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0435, \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0438\u045a\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0443 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e.<\/p>\n<p>\u0416\u0430\u043d \u0411\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e (Jean Bott\u00e9ro) \u043d\u0430\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0443 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0443 \u045a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0433 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430. \u0413\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0458\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0459\u043a\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0435, \u0430\u0441\u0443\u0430 \u0438 \u0430\u0441\u0438\u043f\u0443\u0430, \u0434\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430. \u0412\u0435\u0437\u0430 \u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0435 \u0441\u0430 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0413\u0440a\u0452\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0443 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c<\/span> \u0431\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0458\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0442\u0432\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>\u0428\u0442\u0435\u0444\u0430\u043d \u041c\u0430\u0443\u043b (Stefan Maul) \u0458\u0435 \u0443 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0458\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0458\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u043e \u0432\u0435\u0448\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u045a\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043a \u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0438<\/span> \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0413\u0443\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0421\u043a\u0443\u043f \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u045a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u045b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445je\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0458 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0438.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430<\/span> \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0438\u045a\u0430\u045a\u0430. \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0421\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0440 (Walther Sallaberger) \u0438 \u0415\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0443 \u040f\u043e\u0440\u045f (Andrew George) \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0448\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442 \u0443 \u0418\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0438 \u041d\u0438\u043f\u0443\u0440\u0443.<\/p><p>\u0412\u0438\u043b\u0444\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u041b\u0430\u043c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 (Wilfred Lambert) \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0458\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043e \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043e \u00ab\u0425\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0443 \u0411\u0443\u043b\u0443\u0441\u0430-\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0438\u00bb. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0413\u0443\u043b\u0443 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0458\u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0458\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0459\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0435.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e4ff51 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3e4ff51\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c92749 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4c92749\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0413\u0443\u043b\u0438\u043d \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d \u0411\u0443\u043b\u0443\u0441\u0430-\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0438<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c65e523 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c65e523\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u041d\u0430\u0458\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0458\u043d\u0438\u0458\u0438 \u043a\u045a\u0438\u0436\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u043e \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0438\u045a\u0438 \u0458\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0413\u0443\u043b\u0438\u043d \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d \u0411\u0443\u043b\u0443\u0441\u0430-\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0438, \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u0458\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u045a\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437 12. \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0435\u0440\u0435. \u0422\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 200 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0458\u0435 \u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0430, \u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0458\u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0443 \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0410\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0430, \u041d\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435 \u0438 \u0412\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0430.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u0425\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0430 \u0458\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0432\u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 1967. \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435, \u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043e \u0458\u0443 \u0458\u0435 \u0412\u0438\u043b\u0444\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0413. \u041b\u0430\u043c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 (Wilfred G. Lambert) \u0443 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0443 Orientalia 36, \u0441\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c. \u0422\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0458\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0443 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0459\u0430\u045a\u0430, \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0413\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0458\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0458\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0430, \u043c\u043e\u045b\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430\u043c\u0430.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u0411\u0443\u043b\u0443\u0441\u0430-\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0459\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0438\u045a\u0443 \u0443 \u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0458\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0458\u0430\u045a\u0443 \u045a\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430. \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u0458\u0435 \u0411\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0442-\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0433\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u041d\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0433\u0430, \u0411\u0430\u0443 \u0438 \u041d\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0435 \u0441\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0421\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430.<\/p><p>\u041e\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0438\u045a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0458\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0435 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u041d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0446\u0438\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043e \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u0438 \u043e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0435.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0442\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0435<\/span>, \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0458\u043e\u0458 \u0441\u0443 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0458\u0435\u0434\u0438\u045a\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c. \u0425\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0430 \u0458\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0458\u043d\u0430, \u0458\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0448\u043a\u0443 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0443 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0458\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0438\u045a\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u045a\u0430 \u0443 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0443 \u0413\u0443\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0443.<\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0458\u043d\u043e, \u0445\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0458\u0435 \u0413\u0443\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043e \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430. \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u0458\u0435 \u00ab\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0430 \u0436\u0430\u043b\u0431\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u00bb, \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u00ab\u0443\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0458\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u0432\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0458\u0443\u045b\u0438 \u0458\u0435\u00bb, \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u00ab\u0434\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0459\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0440\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0443 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u00bb.<\/p><p>\u041e\u0432\u0430\u0458 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u045a\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0458\u0435 \u0445\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043d, \u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0458\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u045b\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0458\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433 \u0431\u0438\u0459\u0430, \u0447\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0459\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0448\u043a\u043e\u045b\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0430. \u0428\u0442\u0435\u0444\u0430\u043d \u041c\u0430\u0443\u043b (Stefan Maul) \u0458\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043e \u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0444\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0458\u0443 \u0443 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0458\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0458\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u043e \u0432\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0458 \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0458 \u0432\u0435\u0448\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0438.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aeaf646 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aeaf646\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70447b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"70447b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0418\u0441\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-701828f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"701828f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Glavni centar kulta Gule bio je Isin, grad na donjem Eufratu, \u010diji <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gra\u0111evina koja slu\u017ei obo\u017eavanju jednog ili vi\u0161e bo\u017eanstava.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043c<\/span> \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0438\u045a\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043e \u0458\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432 \u0415-\u0433\u0430\u043b-\u043c\u0430\u0445, \u201e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430&#8220;.<\/p><p>\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0434 \u0458\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0443 20. \u0438 19. \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0418\u0441\u0438\u043d \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0458\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0438\u0458\u0438 \u0441\u0443 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u201e\u0438\u0437 \u043a\u0443\u045b\u0435 \u041d\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0435&#8220; (\u0442\u043e \u0458\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u0413\u0443\u043b\u0435). \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0459\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0442-\u0418\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0415\u043d\u043b\u0438\u043b-\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0458\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0436\u0435\u045a\u0430, \u0443\u043a\u0459\u0443\u0447\u0443\u0458\u0443\u045b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432e \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u045b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0430 \u0438 \u0443\u0440\u0435\u0452\u0435\u045a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u045a\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>\u041d\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0430 \u0443 \u0418\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0411\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0425\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0434\u0435, \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0452\u0443 1973. \u0438 1989. \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435, \u0443 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0458 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0415-\u0433\u0430\u043b-\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u0423 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0448\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0452\u0435\u043d \u0458\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440 \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0438 \u0441\u0443, \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d \u043e\u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u045a\u0430, \u0431\u0430\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438.<\/p><p>\u0418\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0441\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0441\u0430, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0459\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0443 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430. \u041e\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0443\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0458\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0452\u0443\u0458\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u0441\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0438\u045a\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0443 \u0443 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0438, \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0458\u0435 \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434 \u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043e\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0438 \u0441\u0443 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u045a\u0435\u043c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u045b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0443 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0448\u0442\u0435<\/span> \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u0443 \u041d\u0438\u043f\u0443\u0440\u0443, \u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u045b\u0435 \u0443 \u0411\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0443, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0458\u0435 \u0413\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u043e-\u0431\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e-\u0442\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0448\u043a\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0459\u043a\u0430. \u0425\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u041d\u0430\u0432\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430 II \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u045a\u0443 \u0458\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0459\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0459\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/p><p>\u0418 \u0443 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0410\u0448\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0443 \u0410\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0458\u0430\u043e \u0458\u0435 \u0415-\u0433\u0430\u043b-\u043c\u0430\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0438 \u0441\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0421\u0435\u043d\u0445\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0431 \u0438 \u0410\u0448\u0443\u0440\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043b. \u041e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u045a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0413\u0443\u043b\u0443 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0458\u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0458\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u045a\u0443 \u0441\u0430 \u0418\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0440 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0443\u043a\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4bee2eb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4bee2eb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f24822 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5f24822\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u041f\u0430\u0441 \u043a\u0430\u043e \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0430<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83d8f3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"83d8f3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u041f\u0430\u0441 \u0458\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0458\u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0458\u0438 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442 \u0413\u0443\u043b\u0435, \u0448\u0442\u043e \u0458\u0435 \u0443 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0423\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0443<\/span> \u041c\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e. \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0430\u0458\u0443 \u0431\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435, \u043b\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u043c\u0430\u0458\u0435\u0432\u0435, \u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0413\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0441\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u0438\u045a\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043e\u0446\u0430.<\/p><p>\u041d\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u045b\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0459\u0435\u0444\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u045a\u0435\u0431\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0440\u0443\u0443 \u041c\u0435\u043b\u0438-\u0428\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0430 (12. \u0432\u0435\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0435\u0440\u0435), \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0458\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443, \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u0441\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0458 \u045a\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u043e\u0433\u0443. \u041e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0452\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0458\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0446\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u041d\u0430\u0432\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430 II \u0443 \u0411\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0443.<\/p>\n<p>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e, \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0441\u0430 \u0458\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0458\u043d\u0430. \u041f\u0441\u0438 \u0441\u0443 \u0443 \u041c\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0458\u0438 \u0441 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0443\u0458\u0443\u045b\u0438, \u0430 \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0430. \u0423 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0438, \u043f\u0430\u0441 \u0458\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u0438\u045a\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0459\u043a\u0430, \u0447\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0458\u0435 \u043f\u0459\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0458 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043c.<\/p><p>\u0411\u0435\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u041f\u043e\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0446-\u041b\u0430\u0458\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d \u0458\u0435 \u0443 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0458\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0458\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u043e \u0431\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0458 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u0441\u0430, \u0441\u0445\u0432\u0430\u045b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0433 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442. \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d \u0420\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u0458\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0452\u0435 \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0452\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0458\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0440\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u045a\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0430 \u043f\u0441\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>\u0417\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0458\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0433\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0430, \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430. \u0423 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0452\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0443 \u0433\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0443, \u043d\u043e\u0433\u0443, \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0458\u0443 \u0438 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0458\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0435 \u0441\u0443 \u043f\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435.<\/p><p>\u041e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0458\u0438\u043c \u0433\u0440\u0447\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0410\u0441\u043a\u043b\u0435\u043f\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0443 \u0415\u043f\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0443\u0440\u0443, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0441\u0443 \u0438\u0437\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0459\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435. \u0414\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7fc9ae e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e7fc9ae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-191afcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"191afcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0418\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2819763 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2819763\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0415\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0447\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u0440\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435, \u043e\u0434 \u043e\u043a\u043e 800. \u043f\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0434\u043e 600. \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0435\u0440\u0435.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0410\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/span>: \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u2013 \u201e\u0425\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u0443\u043b\u0443\u0441\u0430-\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0438&#8220; \u043e \u0413\u0443\u043b\u0438, \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0438\u045a\u0443\u045b\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433 \u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u0442\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0418\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u041d\u0438\u043f\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0421\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430, \u0445\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0435 \u043e \u041d\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u041d\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0443, \u0410\u043d\u0437\u0443-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u045a\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0430 \u043e \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0443 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u043c\u0438\u0442<\/span> \u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0437\u0438\u0458\u0430\u043c\u0430.<\/p>\n<ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Jean Bott\u00e9ro, \u00abMesopotamia: Writing, Reasoning, and the Gods\u00bb, Chicago 1992.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Markham Geller, \u00abAncient Babylonian Medicine\u00bb, Oxford 2010.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>\u041e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0443 <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/literatura\/\">\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435<\/a>.<\/span><\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3251,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Gula","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Gula \u2013 Vavilonska boginja isceljenja i gospodarica pasa | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Gula je vavilonska boginja lekarske ve\u0161tine, medicine i o\u017eivljavanja. Njena \u017eivotinja je pas. Mit, simboli i hram Esabad.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"mesopotamien","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-155319","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gula \u2013 Vavilonska boginja isceljenja i gospodarica pasa | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Gula je vavilonska boginja lekarske ve\u0161tine, medicine i o\u017eivljavanja. Njena \u017eivotinja je pas. Mit, simboli i hram Esabad.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/gula\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sr_RS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gula\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Gula je vavilonska boginja lekarske ve\u0161tine, medicine i o\u017eivljavanja. Njena \u017eivotinja je pas. Mit, simboli i hram Esabad.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/gula\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-04T20:41:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sr\\\/gula\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sr\\\/gula\\\/\",\"name\":\"Gula \u2013 Vavilonska boginja isceljenja i gospodarica pasa | iWell Guard\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sr\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sr\\\/gula\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sr\\\/gula\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-04T20:16:28+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-04T20:41:12+00:00\",\"description\":\"Gula je vavilonska boginja lekarske ve\u0161tine, medicine i o\u017eivljavanja. Njena \u017eivotinja je pas. Mit, simboli i hram Esabad.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sr\\\/gula\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"sr-RS\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sr\\\/gula\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sr-RS\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sr\\\/gula\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"\u0411\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0435.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sr\\\/gula\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sr\\\/?page_id=154820\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Gula\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sr\\\/\",\"name\":\"iWell Guard\",\"description\":\"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sr\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"sr-RS\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sr\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sr\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sr-RS\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"width\":1182,\"height\":237,\"caption\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pantip.com\\\/profile\\\/9367242\",\"https:\\\/\\\/micro.blog\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.diggerslist.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\",\"https:\\\/\\\/skitterphoto.com\\\/photographers\\\/2870314\\\/iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/06\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/hub.docker.com\\\/u\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/bit.ly\\\/m\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\\\/profiles\\\/iwellguard\\\/activity\",\"https:\\\/\\\/gravatar.com\\\/reallybeded8fd34\",\"https:\\\/\\\/naijamatta.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.goodreads.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/experiment.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/wakelet.com\\\/@iWellGuard82270\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chordie.com\\\/forum\\\/profile.php?id=2555664\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instapaper.com\\\/p\\\/17757966\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mapleprimes.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/businesslistingplus.com\\\/profile\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/telegra.ph\\\/iWell-Guard-06-06\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pbase.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/b.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fliphtml5.com\\\/home\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/anyflip.com\\\/homepage\\\/cmiwl#About\",\"https:\\\/\\\/transfur.com\\\/Users\\\/iwellguard\",\"http:\\\/\\\/delphi.larsbo.org\\\/user\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\\\/profiles\\\/8380803-iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/md.chaosdorf.de\\\/s\\\/jfbe5SBdJD\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lingvolive.com\\\/en-us\\\/profile\\\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\\\/translations\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fitday.com\\\/fitness\\\/forums\\\/members\\\/iwellguard.html\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mymeetbook.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pxhere.com\\\/en\\\/photographer-me\\\/5040798\",\"https:\\\/\\\/disqus.com\\\/by\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pastelink.net\\\/hjwciqwq\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pubhtml5.com\\\/homepage\\\/scjhn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bitchute.com\\\/channel\\\/2O2eOKzNqujT\",\"https:\\\/\\\/audiomack.com\\\/iwellguard\"]},{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sr\\\/gula\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sr\\\/gula\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ralf Ittermann\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f\"},\"headline\":\"Gula\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-04T20:16:28+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-04T20:41:12+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sr\\\/gula\\\/\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sr\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sr\\\/gula\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula.webp\",\"inLanguage\":\"sr-RS\",\"description\":\"Gula je vavilonska boginja lekarske ve\u0161tine, medicine i o\u017eivljavanja. Njena \u017eivotinja je pas. Mit, simboli i hram Esabad.\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Gula \u2013 Vavilonska boginja isceljenja i gospodarica pasa | iWell Guard","description":"Gula je vavilonska boginja lekarske ve\u0161tine, medicine i o\u017eivljavanja. Njena \u017eivotinja je pas. Mit, simboli i hram Esabad.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/gula\/","og_locale":"sr_RS","og_type":"article","og_title":"Gula","og_description":"Gula je vavilonska boginja lekarske ve\u0161tine, medicine i o\u017eivljavanja. Njena \u017eivotinja je pas. Mit, simboli i hram Esabad.","og_url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/gula\/","og_site_name":"iWell Guard","article_modified_time":"2026-09-04T20:41:12+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/gula\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/gula\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Gula","datePublished":"2026-09-04T20:16:28+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-04T20:41:12+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/gula\/"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/gula\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula.webp","inLanguage":"sr-RS","description":"Gula je vavilonska boginja lekarske ve\u0161tine, medicine i o\u017eivljavanja. Njena \u017eivotinja je pas. Mit, simboli i hram Esabad."},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/gula\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/gula\/","name":"Gula \u2013 Vavilonska boginja isceljenja i gospodarica pasa | iWell Guard","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/gula\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/gula\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula.webp","datePublished":"2026-09-04T20:16:28+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-04T20:41:12+00:00","description":"Gula je vavilonska boginja lekarske ve\u0161tine, medicine i o\u017eivljavanja. Njena \u017eivotinja je pas. Mit, simboli i hram Esabad.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/gula\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"sr-RS","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/gula\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sr-RS","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/gula\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula.webp","width":1024,"height":1536,"caption":"\u0411\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0435."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/gula\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/?page_id=154820"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Gula"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/","name":"iWell Guard","description":"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"sr-RS"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/#organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sr-RS","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","width":1182,"height":237,"caption":"Ittermann electronic GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pantip.com\/profile\/9367242","https:\/\/micro.blog\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.diggerslist.com\/iwellguard\/about","https:\/\/skitterphoto.com\/photographers\/2870314\/iwell-guard","https:\/\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\/2026\/06\/06\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/u\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/bit.ly\/m\/iwellguard","https:\/\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\/profiles\/iwellguard\/activity","https:\/\/gravatar.com\/reallybeded8fd34","https:\/\/naijamatta.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/experiment.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/wakelet.com\/@iWellGuard82270","https:\/\/www.chordie.com\/forum\/profile.php?id=2555664","https:\/\/www.instapaper.com\/p\/17757966","https:\/\/www.mapleprimes.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/businesslistingplus.com\/profile\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/telegra.ph\/iWell-Guard-06-06","https:\/\/pbase.com\/iwellguard\/iwellguard","https:\/\/b.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882","https:\/\/fliphtml5.com\/home\/iwellguard","https:\/\/anyflip.com\/homepage\/cmiwl#About","https:\/\/transfur.com\/Users\/iwellguard","http:\/\/delphi.larsbo.org\/user\/iwellguard","https:\/\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\/profiles\/8380803-iwell-guard","https:\/\/md.chaosdorf.de\/s\/jfbe5SBdJD","https:\/\/www.lingvolive.com\/en-us\/profile\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\/translations","https:\/\/www.fitday.com\/fitness\/forums\/members\/iwellguard.html","https:\/\/www.mymeetbook.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/pxhere.com\/en\/photographer-me\/5040798","https:\/\/disqus.com\/by\/iwellguard\/about\/","https:\/\/pastelink.net\/hjwciqwq","https:\/\/pubhtml5.com\/homepage\/scjhn\/","https:\/\/www.bitchute.com\/channel\/2O2eOKzNqujT","https:\/\/audiomack.com\/iwellguard"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f","name":"Ralf Ittermann","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sr-RS","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ralf Ittermann"},"givenName":"Ralf","familyName":"Ittermann","jobTitle":"Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/author\/claude\/","description":"Ralf Ittermann ist Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer der Ittermann electronic GmbH und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher des iWell-Guard-Lexikons. Er verbindet langj\u00e4hrige Erfahrung in der Pr\u00e4zisionsfertigung mit medialer Praxis und religionsgeschichtlicher Quellenarbeit.","worksFor":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/ittermann.de\/","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"K\u00f6hlergasse 16-18","postalCode":"99842","addressLocality":"Ruhla","addressCountry":"DE"}},"knowsAbout":["Religionsgeschichte","Mythologie","Mediale Praxis","Energetische Diagnostik","Schutzpraxis","Volksglauben","Westliche Esoterik"]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/gula\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/gula\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Gula","datePublished":"2026-09-04T20:16:28+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-04T20:41:12+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/gula\/"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/gula\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula.webp","inLanguage":"sr-RS","description":"Gula je vavilonska boginja lekarske ve\u0161tine, medicine i o\u017eivljavanja. Njena \u017eivotinja je pas. Mit, simboli i hram Esabad."}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/155319","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=155319"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/155319\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3251"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=155319"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=155319"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}