{"id":160790,"date":"2026-09-05T00:25:55","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T00:25:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=160790"},"modified":"2026-09-05T00:46:16","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T00:46:16","slug":"atena","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sl\/atena\/","title":{"rendered":"Atena"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"160790\" class=\"elementor elementor-160790 elementor-2976 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5267971 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5267971\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8380ddd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8380ddd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc8e551 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fc8e551\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37bad8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"37bad8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Atena, boginja modrosti in za\u0161\u010ditnica Aten<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66c7ec4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"66c7ec4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kot boginja modrosti in za\u0161\u010ditnica Aten Atena zdru\u017euje preudarno presojo z bojevito podporo skupnosti mesta. Atena, v ati\u0161kem dialektu Athena, sodi med osrednje osebnosti gr\u0161kega panteona in velja za h\u010der Zevsa, rojeno iz njegove glave.<\/p><p>Je za\u0161\u010ditna boginja mesta Atene, zavetnica obrtne spretnosti, voja\u0161ke bistroumnosti in pravi\u010dne ureditve. V nasprotju z Aresom ne predstavlja krvavega boja, temve\u010d strate\u0161ko vodenje in za\u0161\u010dito polisa.<\/p><p>Njeni vzdevki \u00bbPolias\u00ab (za\u0161\u010ditnica mesta), \u00bbPromachos\u00ab (bojevnica v prvih vrstah) in \u00bbParthenos\u00ab (devica) zaznamujejo tri glavne osi njenega kulta. Pri Homerju nosi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trden vzdevek, ki oznamuje bo\u017eanstvo ali osebnost.\" tabindex=\"0\">epiteton<\/span> \u00bbglaukopis\u00ab, ki se glede na razlago prevaja kot \u00bbsovooka\u00ab ali \u00bbostrovidna\u00ab in namiguje na njen oster, pronicljiv pogled.<\/p><p>Napisi v linearni pisavi B iz mikenskega \u010dasa izpri\u010dujejo \u00bbgospodarico Atano\u00ab, kar podpira tezo o predgr\u0161ki trdnjavski bo\u017eanstvu, ki je v arhai\u010dni polisni religiji prevzelo vlogo panhelenskega za\u0161\u010ditnega bo\u017eanstva.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e520f96 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e520f96\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-171ee25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"171ee25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bog \/ boginja: Poosebljena najvi\u0161ja mo\u010d v panteonu neke kulture, z jasnimi pristojnostmi \u2014 naravne sile, usoda, vojna, rodovitnost. \u010ca\u0161\u010dena skozi kulte, daritve in templjanske institucije.\">Bog<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sl\/grcija\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Religija in mitologija anti\u010dne Gr\u010dije od mikenskega obdobja do pozne antike.\">Gr\u010dija<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b8c7f2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b8c7f2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f49cf33 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"f49cf33\" 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9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__f49cf33\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8aea15e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8aea15e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4dc559 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f4dc559\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_athene-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-162500\" alt=\"Atena \u2013 bogovi iz gr\u0161ke tradicije, zgodovinsko-ilustrativno\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_athene-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_athene-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_athene-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_athene.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a56661 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9a56661\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-099658b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"099658b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74a9afa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"74a9afa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mit in rodovnik<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fec0d72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fec0d72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rojstvo Atene iz glave Zevsa spada med najbolj znane stvariteljske mite gr\u0161ke <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prena\u0161anje znanja in pripovedi skozi generacije.\" tabindex=\"0\">izro\u010dila<\/span>. Heziod v \u00abTeogoniji\u00bb (verzi 886 do 900 in 924 do 926) opisuje, kako Zevs po\u017ere nose\u010do Metido, da bi prepre\u010dil prerokbo, po kateri naj bi ga sin iz te zveze strmoglavil.<\/p><p>Iz Zevsove razklane lobanje, ki jo z bojno sekiro odpre Hefajst ali Prometej, v polni bojni opremi sko\u010di Atena. Ta epizoda utemeljuje njen poseben polo\u017eaj \u010distega duhovnega stvora o\u010deta bogov, brez materinskega posredovanja v obi\u010dajnem pomenu.<\/p><p>Metida ostane vklju\u010dena v Zevsa in postane poosebljenje zvite modrosti, ki jo bog bogov od tedaj nosi v sebi; Atena to lastnost podeduje in jo ka\u017ee navzven.<\/p>\n<p>Pindarjeva sedma olimpijska oda (verzi 35 do 38) navaja rodosko razli\u010dico, po kateri je ob rojstvu na otok padel zlati de\u017e, Heliade pa so v naglici pozabile pri\u017egati prvo <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017eanstvu v izraz zahvale, pro\u0161nje ali \u010da\u0161\u010denja.\" tabindex=\"0\">daritev<\/span>, zato so ogenj prinesle Rodijcem.<\/p><p>Na Kreti je druga tradicija rojstvo umestila k jezeru Tritonis v Libiji, zato Atena nosi vzdevek \u00abTritogeneia\u00bb; Herodot (IV, 180) poro\u010da o libijskem Ateninem <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Celota verskih \u010da\u0161\u010denjskih dejanj za bo\u017eanstvo ali sveto bitje.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultu<\/span> pri Avzejcih, povezanem z letnim dekli\u0161kim bojem za <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Zgradba, namenjena \u010da\u0161\u010denju enega ali ve\u010d bo\u017eanstev.\" tabindex=\"0\">tempelj<\/span>.<\/p><p>Etimolo\u0161ka razlaga vzdevka ostaja sporna med navezavo na jezero Tritonis in starogr\u0161ko besedo \u00abtrito\u00bb za \u00abtretjerojena\u00bb ali \u00abresni\u010dna\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Iz epizode s Hefajstom v ati\u0161kem lokalnem izro\u010dilu izhaja Erihtonij: Hefajst posku\u0161a posiliti Ateno; njegovo seme pade na njeno nogo, ona ga obri\u0161e z volno in krpo vr\u017ee na tla, iz \u010desar nastane Erihtonij (Apolodor III, 14, 6).<\/p><p>Atena vzgoji otroka in ga izro\u010di h\u010deram Kekropa, Aglavri, Herse in Pandrozi, v zaprti skrinji, s prepovedjo, da bi jo odprle.<\/p><p>Aglavra in Herse skrinjo odpreta, zagledata otroka, obdanega s ka\u010do, in v blaznosti sko\u010dita z Akropole. Iz te zgodbe izhaja predstava o avtohtonosti Aten\u010danov: njihovi zgodnji kralji so \u00abrojeni iz zemlje\u00bb, ne priseljeni. Erihtonij ustanovi praznik Panatenaje in velja za izumitelja \u0161tirivpre\u017enega bojnega voza.<\/p>\n<p>Atena je bratsko povezana z Apolonom, Artemido, Hermesom in Aresom; njen najtesnej\u0161i odnos v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Celota bogov neke religije ali kulture.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonu<\/span> pa velja Zevsu samemu, katerega namene pogosto izvr\u0161uje. Lastnih otrok nima; njeno devi\u0161tvo je bistvena poteza, ki jo strukturno lo\u010di od Here in Demetre.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prehodno obdobje med antiko in srednjim vekom, pribli\u017eno od 3. do 7. stoletja.\" tabindex=\"0\">Poznoanti\u010dne<\/span> alegori\u010dne razlage so v Ateni videle \u00abmisel\u00bb boga bogov, torej poosebljeni logos, ki deluje \u0161e pred vsakim stvarjenjem; to razlago sta razvijala Filon Aleksandrijski in neoplatonisti\u010dni avtorji, kot je Proklos.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c2320c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c2320c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a0957b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0a0957b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Simboli, ikonografija in atributi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d26a0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d26a0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Glavni atributi Atene so \u010delada, sulica, \u0161\u010dit in egida. Egida, s ka\u010dami obrobljena naprsna oprava iz kozje ko\u017ee z gorgonejo (Gorgoneion) na sredini, velja za za\u0161\u010ditni znak, prevzet od Zevsa. Pri Homerju nosi egido v boj v o\u010detovem imenu.<\/p><p>\u010celada, pogosto z okrasom v obliki sfinge ali Pegaza, poudarja bojno funkcijo, medtem ko sulico redno dr\u017ei dvignjeno, ne v napadalni dr\u017ei. To zadr\u017eano dviganje oro\u017eja jo prikazuje kot strateginjo, ne kot boginjo bojnega besa.<\/p>\n<p>Sova, zlasti mala uharica (Athene noctua, ki njeno ime nosi \u0161e danes v zoologiji), je njena ptica \u017ee od arhai\u010dnega obdobja. Na ati\u0161kih tetradrahmah se pojavlja kot grbovna \u017eival ob glavi bo\u017eanstva; te kovance so po vsem Sredozemlju imenovali \u00bbglaukes\u00ab (sove), kar je dalo povod za rek \u00bbnositi sove v Atene\u00ab.<\/p><p>Oljka izvira iz spora s Pozejdonom: Atena je na Akropoli posadila prvo oljko in Atencem s tem podarila drevo, ki je dajalo hrano, svetlobo in zdravilno mo\u010d.<\/p><p>Sveta oljka v Pandroseionu je vse do poznega rimskega \u010dasa veljala za neminljivo; Pavzanij (I, 27, 2) poro\u010da, da je po perzijskem po\u017earu leta 480 pred na\u0161im \u0161tetjem \u010dez no\u010d spet pognala.<\/p>\n<p>Ka\u010da je nadaljnji trajni atribut, in sicer v dveh vlogah: kot Erihtonij, ki ga Atena varuje v podobi ka\u010de, in kot <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, ki predstavlja neko zamisel ali pomen.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> povezanosti z zemljo in zdravilne modrosti.<\/p><p>Fidijeva krizelefantinska Atena Partenos, ki jo opisuje Pavzanij (I, 24, 5\u20137), prikazuje boginjo v hitonu, z Niko na iztegnjeni desnici, ob sulici, oprti na \u0161\u010dit; v gubi obleke se vije velika ka\u010da, ena\u010dena z Erihtonijem.<\/p><p>\u0160\u010dit je nosil upodobitev boja z Amazonkami, notranjost gigantomahijo, sandali pa boj s kentavri. Delo je bilo dvanajst metrov visoko, izdelano iz 1140 kilogramov zlata, plo\u0161\u010de so bile odstranljive, tako da je Periklej v \u010dasu krize lahko dostopal do te dr\u017eavne zlate rezerve.<\/p>\n<p>Poleg tega velja tkalsko in vretensko orodje za njen atribut. Atena \u00bbErgane\u00ab, \u00bbdelavka\u00ab, je varovala celotno obrtni\u0161tvo, zlasti pa tekstilno spretnost \u017eensk. V <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Izro\u010deno pripovedovanje o bogovih, izvorih in ureditvi sveta.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitu<\/span> o tkalskem tekmovanju z Arahno (Ovidij, Metamorfoze VI, 5\u2013145) se ka\u017ee kot strogost norme, ki raztrga sicer bolj\u0161e, vendar do bogov kriti\u010dno delo Lidijke.<\/p><p>Fidija je za Partenon zasnoval vsako leto na novo tkani peplos Atene kot ikonografski program: na v \u017eafranu barvano tkanino so vedno vtkali prizore gigantomahije, v kateri je Atena giganta Enkelada zaprla pod otok Sicilijo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98b4b8a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"98b4b8a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f302c73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f302c73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kult in \u010da\u0161\u010denje<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c84aca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c84aca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Osrednji praznik Atene so bile Panatenaje, ki so jih praznovali vsako leto 28. hekatombajona (julij\/avgust), vsako \u010detrto leto pa kot \u00bbVelike Panatenaje\u00ab z ve\u010djim razmahom. Za\u010dele so se z no\u010dno bakljevo procesijo iz akademijskega <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sveti gozdi\u010dek, ki je slu\u017eil kot kultno mesto.\" tabindex=\"0\">gaja<\/span> proti Akropoli.<\/p><p>Vrhunec je bil prazni\u010dni sprevod, na katerem so sodelovali dr\u017eavljani, tujci s prebivali\u0161\u010dem in izbrana dekleta; na ladji podobnem vozu so nosili na novo tkani peplos za staro leseno kultno podobo Atene Polias. Friz Partenona prikazuje ta sprevod v dol\u017eini 160 metrov s pribli\u017eno 380 \u010dlove\u0161kimi in \u017eivalskimi figurami.<\/p>\n<p>Na Velikih Panatenajah so tekmovali atleti, rapsodi in glasbeniki; zmagovalci so kot nagrado prejeli amfore s stisnjenim olj\u010dnim oljem iz svetega <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sveti gozdi\u010dek, ki je slu\u017eil kot kultno mesto.\" tabindex=\"0\">gaja<\/span>.<\/p><p>Te panatenajske nagradne amfore, z Ateno Promahos na eni in ustrezno \u0161portno panogo na drugi strani, so danes eden najbogatej\u0161ih virov za ati\u0161ko vazno slikarstvo \u0161estega in petega stoletja.<\/p><p>Atlotet, ki je vodil igre, je bil eden najvi\u0161jih uradov ati\u0161ke demokracije. Tudi Homerjeva dela so od Pizistrata naprej rapsodi\u010dno recitirali na Panatenajah, kar je pripomoglo k oblikovanju kanona homerskih epov.<\/p>\n<p>Poleg Panatenaj so obstajali tudi drugi Atenini prazniki. Na Arreforijah v mesecu skiroforionu so \u0161tiri visokorodna dekleta nosila skrivno ko\u0161aro v zemljo. Halkeje v mesecu pianopsionu so bile kova\u0161ki praznik za Ateno Ergano in Hefajsta. Skire v skiroforionu so pomenile umik \u017eensk in za\u010detek novega tkanja peplosa. Na Plinterijah so staro kultno podobo slekli in jo umili v morju.<\/p><p>Na ta dan je mesto veljalo za kultno ne\u010disto, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Zgradba, namenjena \u010da\u0161\u010denju enega ali ve\u010d bo\u017eanstev.\" tabindex=\"0\">tempelj<\/span> je bil zaprt z vrvmi in politi\u010dna dogajanja so zamrla. Ti obredi ka\u017eejo Ateno manj kot bojevito, bolj kot kulturo utemeljujo\u010do boginjo, ki varuje obrt, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Obredni prehod, s katerim je nekdo sprejet v nov status ali skupnost.\" tabindex=\"0\">iniciacijo<\/span> in mestno skupnost.<\/p>\n<p>Zunaj Aten je bil njen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Celota verskih \u010da\u0161\u010denj, namenjenih bo\u017eanstvu ali sveti podobi.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> raz\u0161irjen po vsem gr\u0161kem svetu. V \u0160parti so jo imenovali Atena Halkiojkos, \u00bbv bronastem domu\u00ab, po <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Zgradba, namenjena \u010da\u0161\u010denju enega ali ve\u010d bo\u017eanstev.\" tabindex=\"0\">templju<\/span> z bronastimi plo\u0161\u010dami; v Tegeji je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Zgradba, namenjena \u010da\u0161\u010denju enega ali ve\u010d bo\u017eanstev.\" tabindex=\"0\">tempelj<\/span> Atene Aleje veljal za eno najve\u010djih sveti\u0161\u010d na Peloponezu, ki ga je zgradil Skopas.<\/p><p>V Pergamonu je stalo <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sveto mesto, posve\u010deno \u010da\u0161\u010denju bo\u017eanstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">sveti\u0161\u010de<\/span> Atene Polias na Akropoli, poleg slavne knji\u017enice Atalidov. Helenisti\u010dna Atena Nikeforos iz Pergamona je postala referen\u010dna to\u010dka panhelenskega kulturnega programa Atalidov, ki je Atene priklical kot duhovno domovino.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2f5de9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f2f5de9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4126cda elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4126cda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pomembna sveti\u0161\u010da in templji<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-faa4da8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"faa4da8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Partenon na atenski Akropoli, zgrajen med letoma 447 in 432 pred na\u0161im \u0161tetjem pod Periklom, je najbolj znano <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Kraju, posve\u010denemu \u010da\u0161\u010denju bo\u017eanstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">sveti\u0161\u010de<\/span> boginje.<\/p><p>Iktin in Kalikrat sta zasnovala dorski <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Zgradba, namenjena \u010da\u0161\u010denju enega ali ve\u010d bo\u017eanstev.\" tabindex=\"0\">tempelj<\/span>, Fidija pa je ustvaril dvanajst metrov visoko zlato-slonoko\u0161\u010deno kultno podobo Atene Partenos. Zgradba ni slu\u017eila kot glavno kultno mesto, temve\u010d kot zakladnica in \u010dastni tempelj; dejanska <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Podobna upodobitev bo\u017eanstva, ki se \u010dasti v templju ali sveti\u0161\u010du.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultna podoba<\/span> Atene Polias je stala v sosednjem Erehteionu.<\/p><p>Tam sta bila prikazana tudi slano morje, povezano s sporom med Ateno in Pozejdonom, in sveto oljko drevo. Partenon je na svojih zabatih upodabljal rojstvo Atene (vzhodni zabat) in spor s Pozejdonom (zahodni zabat); metope so prikazovale gigantomahijo, amazonomahijo, kentavromahijo in padec Troje.<\/p>\n<p>Erehteion s Korino halo, zgrajen med letoma 421 in 406, je bil dejansko kultno sredi\u0161\u010de. V njem so hranili arhai\u010dno leseno podobo Atene, imenovano \u00bbksoanon\u00ab, ki naj bi po <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pou\u010dna pripoved, ve\u010dinoma o \u017eivljenju svetnikov.\" tabindex=\"0\">legendi<\/span> padla z neba.<\/p><p>Na praznik Plinterija so to podobo vsako leto slekli in umili v morju, podobno kot pri samski Tonaji, posve\u010deni Heri. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Zgradba, namenjena \u010da\u0161\u010denju enega ali ve\u010d bo\u017eanstev.\" tabindex=\"0\">Tempelj<\/span> pod eno streho zdru\u017euje <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Celoto verskih \u010da\u0161\u010denjskih dejanj za bo\u017eanstvo ali sveto bitje.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> Atene, Pozejdona-Erehteja in kralja Kekropa, zato velja za najbolj kompleksno sakralno zgradbo klasi\u010dne dobe.<\/p>\n<p>Zunaj Aten stojijo Atenin <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Zgradba, namenjena \u010da\u0161\u010denju enega ali ve\u010d bo\u017eanstev.\" tabindex=\"0\">tempelj<\/span> na Sunionu, na jugovzhodnem koncu Atike, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Zgradba, namenjena \u010da\u0161\u010denju enega ali ve\u010d bo\u017eanstev.\" tabindex=\"0\">tempelj<\/span> Atene Afaje na Egini (pravzaprav <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prek verskega dejanja izro\u010deno svetemu in tako povzdignjeno iz vsakdanjega.\" tabindex=\"0\">posve\u010den<\/span> Afaji, vendar tesno povezan z ikonografijo Atene), <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Kraju, posve\u010denemu \u010da\u0161\u010denju bo\u017eanstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">sveti\u0161\u010de<\/span> Atene Pronaje v Delfih in Atene Itonije v Tesaliji.<\/p><p>V Maloazijji sta med velika sveti\u0161\u010da helenisti\u010dne dobe spadala Atenin <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Zgradba, namenjena \u010da\u0161\u010denju enega ali ve\u010d bo\u017eanstev.\" tabindex=\"0\">tempelj<\/span> v Prieni, ki ga je v \u010detrtem stoletju pred na\u0161im \u0161tetjem zgradil Piteos, in <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Zgradba, namenjena \u010da\u0161\u010denju enega ali ve\u010d bo\u017eanstev.\" tabindex=\"0\">tempelj<\/span> Atene Lindije na Rodosu. Lindijski Atenin tempelj je hranil Lindijsko kroniko, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Besedilo, vrezano ali vklesano v trden nosilec.\" tabindex=\"0\">napis<\/span>, ki je na\u0161tevala najvrednej\u0161e zaobljube sveti\u0161\u010da od najstarej\u0161ih \u010dasov do leta 99 pred na\u0161im \u0161tetjem.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcb85f0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fcb85f0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-146581b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"146581b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mitolo\u0161ke pripovedi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d591b2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d591b2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Spor s Pozejdonom za Atiko spada med atenske ustanovitvene zgodbe. Apolodor (III, 14, 1) poro\u010da, da sta oba boga uveljavljala zahtevo po de\u017eeli in pred zborom bogov predstavila svoja darila. Pozejdon je udaril s trizobom v tla Akropole in privrel je slani vrelec (ali se je pojavil konj, glede na razli\u010dico); Atena je zasadila oljko.<\/p><p>Zbor bogov ali kralj Kekrops se je odlo\u010dil v korist Atene, nakar je Pozejdon de\u017eelo kaznoval s poplavo. Fidija je ta spor upodobil na zapadnem podboju Partenona. Pavzanij (I, 26, 5) v Erehteionu pri\u010da o razpoki v skali, ki naj bi izvirala iz udarca s trizobom, in o vrelcu slane vode, ki ob ju\u017enem vetru di\u0161al po morju.<\/p>\n<p>V trojanski vojni je Atena dosledno na gr\u0161ki strani. Vodi Odiseja skozi \u00abOdisejo\u00bb, v boju proti Aresu in Afroditi (Iliada V) podpira Diomeda in skupaj z Epeiom zasnuje lesenega konja, s katerim Trojanci sami odprejo mesto.<\/p><p>Po zmagi se njena jeza obrne proti Grkom, ker je Ajant Lokrijski v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Zgradba, namenjena \u010da\u0161\u010denju enega ali ve\u010d bo\u017eanstev.\" tabindex=\"0\">templju<\/span> boginje oskrunil Kasandro (Evripid, Trojanke 48 do 97); posledica sta nevihta in nesre\u010da pri vrnitvi domov.<\/p><p>Spor za paladij, leseno podobo Atene, re\u0161eno iz Troje, ostaja v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Izro\u010dena pripoved o bogovih, izvorih in ureditvi svet\u00e1.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitu<\/span> politi\u010dni argument mest, ki zahtevajo pravico do njegove hrambe; Argos, Atene in navsezadnje Rim (prek Eneja) si prisvajajo podobo kot bo\u017eansko legitimacijo svoje dr\u017eave.<\/p>\n<p>V <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Izro\u010dena pripoved o bogovih, izvorih in ureditvi svet\u00e1.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitu<\/span> o Meduzi Atena pomaga Perzeju odsekati glavo Gorgone, tako da mu poda spolirani \u0161\u010dit kot ogledalo. Gorgonovo glavo nato prejme kot osrednji del svoje egide.<\/p><p>Pri Apolodorju (II, 4, 3) in Ovidu (Metamorfoze IV, 798 do 803) sta ponujeni dve razli\u010dni predzgodbi Gorgone; v Ovidovi razli\u010dici je bila Meduza sprva lepa smrtnica, ki jo je boginja sama spremenila v grozljivo bitje po tem, ko jo je v Atenin <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Zgradba, namenjena \u010da\u0161\u010denju enega ali ve\u010d bo\u017eanstev.\" tabindex=\"0\">templju<\/span> oskrunil Pozejdon.<\/p><p>Starej\u0161e gr\u0161ko izro\u010dilo pa pozna Meduzo kot izvorno grozljivo bitje brez \u010dlove\u0161ke predzgodbe.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Izro\u010dena pripoved o bogovih, izvorih in ureditvi svet\u00e1.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mit<\/span> o Arahni (Ovid, Metamorfoze VI) prikazuje Ateno kot neizprosno za\u0161\u010ditnico bo\u017ejega reda: lidijska tkalka Arahna izzove boginjo na tekmovanje in v svoji tkanini upodobi hudodelstva bogov.<\/p><p>Atena raztrga njeno delo, jo udari s tkalskim \u010dolni\u010dkom in jo nazadnje spremeni v pajka. Ta epizoda je v poznej\u0161em izro\u010dilu postala vzor\u010dna opozorilna zgodba proti napuhu. Hkrati feministi\u010dno preu\u010devanje mitov to snov razume kot razmislek o meji legitimne umetni\u0161ke kritike oblasti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07f94f4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"07f94f4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6b8164 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b6b8164\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Odnosi v panteonu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43c6d57 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43c6d57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Atena velja za najljub\u0161o h\u010der Zevsa; v \u00abIliadi\u00bb je edina, ki nosi njegov \u0161\u010dit egido kot njegova namestnica. Njena zvestoba o\u010detu je popolna, in le v eni epizodi (Iliada I, 396 do 406) je omenjena kot del olimpske zarote proti njemu.<\/p><p>Z bratom in sestro, Apolonom in Artemido, ima mirno, enakovredno razmerje; vsi trije predstavljajo mlaj\u0161o, ve\u0161\u010do generacijo v nasprotju s starim <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Celota bogov neke religije ali kulture.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonom<\/span>. S Hermesom si deli vlogo modrega za\u0161\u010ditnika, zato oba skupaj stojita ob strani Perzeju, Heraklu in Odiseju.<\/p>\n<p>Tekmovanje s Pozejdonom zaznamuje ve\u010d lokalnih mitov, poleg Aten tudi v Trojzeni in Argosu. Z Aresom obstaja odprto sovra\u0161tvo: Atena predstavlja strate\u0161ko bojevanje, Ares pa besno bojno omamo.<\/p><p>Pri Homerju Atena rani Aresa z Diomedovo roko (Iliada V, 855 do 859), oba pa se ponovno sre\u010data v teomahiji Iliade XX in XXI. Z Afrodito se ka\u017ee zadr\u017eano sovra\u017een odnos, spro\u017een s Parisovo razsodbo; Atena je Parisu obljubila modrost in zmago v vojni, Afrodita pa Heleno.<\/p>\n<p>Hefajst je njen tovari\u0161 v obrtni\u0161tvu; skupaj sta veljala za za\u0161\u010ditnika ati\u0161kih obrtnikov. Hefajstejon na agori, pogosto napa\u010dno imenovan \u00abTezejon\u00bb, je bil <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Z verskim dejanjem izro\u010deno svetemu in s tem izvzeto iz vsakdanjega.\" tabindex=\"0\">posve\u010den<\/span> obema skupaj in je najbolje ohranjen dorski <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Zgradba, namenjena \u010da\u0161\u010denju enega ali ve\u010d bo\u017eanstev.\" tabindex=\"0\">tempelj<\/span> v Gr\u010diji.<\/p><p>Posebno vez povezuje Ateno s heroji: Odisej, Perzej, Belerofont (podarila mu je zlato brzdo za Pegaza), Diomed, Iazon in predvsem Herakles prejemajo njeno podporo v obliki, ki po homerski etiki pomeni najvi\u0161jo obliko bo\u017eanskega odlikovanja.<\/p><p>Pri Heziodovem \u0160\u010ditu Herakla se Atena pojavi kot pokroviteljica, ki heroja opremi z bo\u017eansko modrostjo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4341ec e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e4341ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60a0e01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"60a0e01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Recepcija<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e94523b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e94523b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rimska poistovetitev z Minervo prina\u0161a druga\u010den poudarek: Minerva je bila prvotno etru\u0161\u010danska boginja Menrva, katere funkcije so bile predvsem povezane s obrtjo in \u0161olstvom; bojevni\u0161ko razse\u017enost gr\u0161ke Atene je v Rimu prevzemal Mars z Belono.<\/p><p>V kapitolinski triadi z Jupitrom in Junono pa je Minerva ostala osrednja dr\u017eavna <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bitje, ki je v neki religiji \u010da\u0161\u010deno kot bo\u017eansko.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017eanstvo<\/span>, in Domicijan ji je na Marsovem polju postavil pomembno <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Svet kraj, posve\u010den \u010da\u0161\u010denju bo\u017eanstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">sveti\u0161\u010de<\/span>. Kvinkvatrije, petdnevni mar\u010devski prazniki, so posebej \u010dastile Minervo kot za\u0161\u010ditnico u\u010diteljev in u\u010dencev; Ovidij jim v delu \u00abFasti\u00bb (III, 809\u2013848) namenja obse\u017een opis.<\/p>\n<p>V <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prehodno obdobje med antiko in srednjim vekom, pribli\u017eno od 3. do 7. stoletja.\" tabindex=\"0\">pozni antiki<\/span> se je Atena Partenos razvila v kulturno \u0161ifro: Prokopij poro\u010da, da je bila podoba Atene Promahos \u0161e v \u0161estem stoletju postavljena v Konstantinoplu, dokler ni bila uni\u010dena v uporu leta 1203.<\/p><p>Srednji vek je Palado poznal predvsem kot alegori\u010dno upodobitev modrosti; v \u00abRomanu o vrtnici\u00bb in v Christine de Pizan \u00abCit\u00e9 des Dames\u00bb postane za\u0161\u010ditnica izobra\u017eenih \u017eensk. Boccaccio jo v delu \u00abDe claris mulieribus\u00bb uvr\u0161\u010da med zgledne anti\u010dne \u017eenske like, Petrarka pa jo obravnava v \u00abAfrici\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Renesansa je s Sandra Botticellijevo \u00abPalado in kentavrom\u00bb ter Andreo Mantegnovo \u00abPalado, ki izganja poroke\u00bb prinesla humanisti\u010dno prevzemanje motiva. Osemnajsto stoletje je v Paladi Ateni videlo podobo razsvetljenstva, kar je Schiller slavil v svojem znamenitem distihu \u00abNajlep\u0161a znanost\u00bb.<\/p><p>Devetnajsto stoletje jo je naredilo za grbovni motiv akademij in univerz, na primer Berlinske akademije znanosti in Atenske univerze, v vhodni dvorani katere stoji kip boginje po Fidijevem modelu.<\/p><p>Temeljne \u0161tudije Klausa Vierneisla in Petra Zankerja o ikonografiji Atene so sistemati\u010dno obravnavale kulturnopoliti\u010dni pomen tega motiva v klasicizmu in devetnajstem stoletju.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64df9ac e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"64df9ac\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4eb67d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4eb67d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Religiologska umestitev<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17c1d6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17c1d6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Etimologija imena Atena ostaja sporna. Indoevropski izvor velja za malo verjetnega; ve\u010dina raziskovalcev, med njimi Robert Beekes, domneva predgr\u0161ki, egejski izvor. Linearna pisava B poznaja izraz \u00aba-ta-na-po-ti-ni-ja\u00bb (\u00abGospodarica Atana\u00bb) v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Besedilo, vrezano ali vklesano v trden nosilec.\" tabindex=\"0\">napisu<\/span> iz Knosa, kar nakazuje bronastodobno za\u0161\u010ditnico gradu ali pala\u010dnega mesta.<\/p><p>Martin P. Nilsson je v Ateni videl poosebitev mikenske gospodarice pala\u010de, ki je ob prehodu od pala\u010dnega kraljevanja k religiji polisa ohranila svojo bojevni\u0161ko in obrtni\u0161ko funkcijo.<\/p>\n<p>Z indoevropsko primerjalnega vidika ka\u017ee Atena strukturne podobnosti z rimsko Minervo (posredovano prek Etru\u0161\u010danov) in indoarijsko Sarasvati, ki prav tako varuje modrost, jezik in umetnost. Vendar je specifi\u010dna povezava bojevnice, za\u0161\u010ditnice obrti in varuhinje mesta v indoevropskem primerjalnem gradivu redka, kar podpira domnevo o egejskem substratnem bo\u017eanstvu.<\/p><p>Georges Dum\u00e9zil Atene v okviru svoje teorije treh funkcij ni jasno uvrstil: ka\u017ee poteze vseh treh funkcij, kar bi bilo za indoevropsko <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bitje, ki je v neki religiji \u010da\u0161\u010deno kot bo\u017eansko.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017eanstvo<\/span> nenavadno, za substratno bo\u017eanstvo pa pri\u010dakovano.<\/p>\n<p>Walter Burkert in Jean-Pierre Vernant sta razdelala strukturno nasprotje med Ateno in Aresom kot model gr\u0161ke razvrstitve vojne: Atena predstavlja nadzorovano, s polisom povezano in nazadnje spravljivo vojno silo, Ares pa opojno, skupnost razkrajajo\u010do bojno besnost. Ta polarnost je klju\u010d za razumevanje gr\u0161ke voja\u0161ke etike.<\/p><p>Teza Joan Connelly (2014), da parthenonski friz ne prikazuje panatenajske <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Slovesen religiozni sprevod.\" tabindex=\"0\">procesije<\/span>, temve\u010d mitsko \u017ertvovanje Erehtejevih h\u010der, je spro\u017eila novo razpravo o religiozni programatiki atenskega dr\u017eavnega kulta. Novej\u0161e raziskave zadnjih desetletij na splo\u0161no poudarjajo politi\u010dno funkcijo Atene kot <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nazorna podoba, ki predstavlja abstraktno misel.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> demokrati\u010dne samopotrditve Atene.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3162f43 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3162f43\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb06698 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bb06698\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Viri<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c02019 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c02019\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Homer, \u00abIliada\u00bb (zlasti V, XV, XX do XXII) in \u00abOdiseja\u00bb (zlasti I, V, XIII). Heziod, \u00abTeogonija\u00bb 886 do 900 in 924 do 926. Apolodor, \u00abBiblioteka\u00bb, III, 14 (spor za Atiko, Erihtonij).<\/p><p>Pavzanias, \u00abOpis Gr\u010dije\u00bb, I, 24 do 28 (Akropola); Herodot, \u00abZgodbe\u00bb, IV, 180 (libijski Atenin <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Celota verskih \u010da\u0161\u010denjskih dejanj za bo\u017eanstvo ali sveto bitje.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span>). Ovidij, \u00abMetamorfoze\u00bb, VI, 5 do 145 (Arahna) in IV, 798 do 803 (Meduza).<\/p><p>Ovidij, \u00abFasti\u00bb III, 809 do 848 (Kvinkvatrus). Pindar, Olimpijske ode VII. Evripid, \u00abIon\u00bb in \u00abTrojanke\u00bb.<\/p><p>Walter Burkert, \u00abGriechische Religion der archaischen und klassischen Epoche\u00bb, Stuttgart 1977. Karl Ker\u00e9nyi, \u00abDie Mythologie der Griechen\u00bb, Z\u00fcrich 1951. Jean-Pierre Vernant, \u00abMythos und Gesellschaft im alten Griechenland\u00bb, Frankfurt am Main 1987. Joan Breton Connelly, \u00abThe Parthenon Enigma\u00bb, New York 2014.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2982,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Atena","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Atena \u2013 boginja modrosti, za\u0161\u010ditnica Aten | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Atena je boginja modrosti, strategije in obrtne spretnosti, rojena iz glave Zevsa. 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